EP3971406B1 - Combustion chamber section with integrated baffle and method for manufacturing a combustion chamber section - Google Patents
Combustion chamber section with integrated baffle and method for manufacturing a combustion chamber section Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3971406B1 EP3971406B1 EP21191880.0A EP21191880A EP3971406B1 EP 3971406 B1 EP3971406 B1 EP 3971406B1 EP 21191880 A EP21191880 A EP 21191880A EP 3971406 B1 EP3971406 B1 EP 3971406B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- coolant
- baffle
- chamber body
- channel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 211
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 200
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/60—Constructional parts; Details not otherwise provided for
- F02K9/62—Combustion or thrust chambers
- F02K9/64—Combustion or thrust chambers having cooling arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/44—Feeding propellants
- F02K9/52—Injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/97—Rocket nozzles
- F02K9/972—Fluid cooling arrangements for nozzles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
- F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
- F05D2260/2214—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface
- F05D2260/22141—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface using fins or ribs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
Definitions
- the invention relates to a combustion chamber section with an integrated baffle, a combustion chamber and a rocket engine with such a combustion chamber section, and a method for producing such a combustion chamber section, as well as a computer-readable data carrier with instructions for carrying out the manufacturing process.
- the invention relates to a combustion chamber section, with a combustion chamber body which is formed in one piece with a guide plate projecting into the interior of the combustion chamber.
- a combustion chamber and a rocket engine with such a combustion chamber section and a layer structure process for producing such a combustion chamber section as well as a computer-readable data carrier with instructions for carrying out the layer structure process are described.
- Combustion chambers of liquid rocket engines are used to efficiently burn the respective fuel pairing consisting of oxidizer and fuel.
- the fuel components are supplied to the chamber via a special injection system.
- evaporation, mixing and chemical conversion and the beginning conversion into kinetic energy then take place in the chamber, the main increase of which lies in the area of a subsonic and supersonic nozzle area.
- the flow in the area of the combustion chamber is characterized by turbulent mixing. For reliable operation of the rocket engine, high combustion stability is desirable.
- cooling is necessary, particularly in the area of the hot gas walls (inner walls of the combustion chamber and exhaust nozzle).
- the high heat development can be dampened via coolant channels in the hot gas walls through which at least one fuel component flows.
- combustion chambers such as spherical, pear-shaped, conical, cylindrical or in the form of an annular combustion chamber
- a cylindrical combustion chamber has advantages, particularly in production.
- combustion chambers with a round cross-section have an increased susceptibility to high-frequency vibrations, especially transverse vibration modes, which correspond to the natural frequencies of these designs.
- transverse vibrations i.e. vibration propagation in the radial direction of the round combustion chamber, lead to an additional release of energy in the combustion chamber with associated overheating. There is also a strong pressure fluctuation.
- baffles also known as "baffles”
- baffles were arranged on the head plate (or injection plate) of the combustion chamber.
- baffles instead of baffles, to provide a certain number of coaxial injection elements on the head plate with a central sleeve body that protrudes further from the head plate into the interior of the combustion chamber than the other injection elements.
- the resulting axial staggering of the flame front in the combustion chamber reduces or prevents the formation and/or propagation of vibrations in a similar way to baffles.
- the present invention is based on the object of creating a structurally simpler option for reducing transverse vibrations in the combustion chamber.
- a combustion chamber section for a combustion chamber of a rocket engine includes a combustion chamber body that encloses a combustion chamber volume and in which coolant channels are arranged.
- the combustion chamber body can consist of an outer shell and an inner shell, between which webs or similar separating elements are arranged, which divide a space between the two shells into coolant channels.
- fuel can flow through the coolant channels, which heats up favorably for later combustion and at the same time cools the combustion chamber body, in particular the inner shell.
- combustion chamber body It will a cylindrical combustion chamber body is used.
- the combustion chamber body has a polygonal (triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal or with an even higher number of corners and sides) or elliptical cross section.
- the combustion chamber section further comprises at least one baffle, which is formed in one piece with the combustion chamber body and projects from the combustion chamber body into the interior of the combustion chamber (the combustion chamber).
- at least one guide plate By arranging the at least one guide plate on the inside of the combustion chamber body, the structure of the injection head and in particular the injection plate for the combustion chamber is significantly simplified. Since a large number of injection elements are provided in the injection plate, which must be supplied with at least two fuel components, their structure is usually quite complex and time-consuming. The additional attachment of baffles or a number of specially shaped injection elements, as with conventional injection plates, increases the amount of work and thus the associated manufacturing costs.
- the combustion chamber body described here enables the injection head and combustion chamber to be manufactured more simply overall.
- the at least one baffle and the combustion chamber body consist of a coherent material.
- the combustion chamber section i.e. the combustion chamber body with integrated at least one baffle
- can be manufactured in a layer construction process also referred to as 3D printing or ALM - additive layer manufacturing.
- only parts of the combustion chamber body and/or baffle can be manufactured using a layer construction process and built on a section of the combustion chamber body and/or baffle that has been manufactured in another way.
- Different materials can also be used in the layered construction process. For example, a more heat-resistant material can be used on the radially inner sides and ends of the at least one baffle than on an outside of the combustion chamber body.
- the combustion chamber body and the baffle can also be manufactured separately from one another and then attached to one another. This can be done, for example, by welding, soldering and/or (layer-by-layer) melting.
- the at least one baffle can comprise at least one coolant channel, which is fluidly connected to at least one of the coolant channels in the combustion chamber body.
- a coolant channel in the at least one baffle, it can be actively cooled, thereby greatly increasing the longevity of the baffle. Since coolant channels are already provided in most combustion chambers To cool the combustion chamber body, the fluidic connection to the coolant channel of the baffle is easy to establish.
- at least one coolant channel running in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber can be fluidly connected to the at least one coolant channel in the baffle.
- the baffle can have a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.
- a coolant inlet and coolant outlet here means that the corresponding coolant channel forms an opening on a cut side of the baffle. Since the baffle is made in one piece with the combustion chamber body, a cut side of the baffle here means an imaginary interface of the baffle at the border to the combustion chamber body if, for example, the baffle were separated from the combustion chamber body.
- the at least one coolant channel of the baffle can run between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet.
- the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet can be arranged at different positions of the baffle (and/or the combustion chamber section), while the at least one coolant channel of the baffle runs inside the baffle.
- the coolant inlet of the baffle can be fluidly connected to the at least one of the coolant channels in the combustion chamber body.
- the coolant channel in the combustion chamber body can merge into the coolant channel of the baffle, so that coolant flows through the interior of the baffle after flowing through the combustion chamber body and actively cools it.
- each of the coolant channels in the combustion chamber body can have a coolant outlet.
- this can be an actual opening from which coolant can flow out after flowing through the combustion chamber body.
- a further coolant outlet of a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body can be arranged in the circumferential direction along a cross section of the combustion chamber body next to one of the coolant outlets.
- the coolant outlet of the baffle can be arranged next to one of the coolant outlets of a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body.
- the coolant outlet of the baffle is located in the circumferential direction at a position that would correspond to a coolant outlet of a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body if no baffle with its own coolant channel were provided at this position.
- the coolant channels in the combustion chamber body and the baffle can be dimensioned in the circumferential direction such that an integral number of coolant channels in the combustion chamber body corresponds to the width of the baffle in the circumferential direction.
- the combustion chamber section can therefore be designed at its end with the coolant outlets like conventional combustion chambers without integrated baffles. This means that the combustion chamber section can also be used with conventional injection heads and injection plates.
- a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body can end in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber body at the level of the coolant inlet of the baffle and open into the at least one coolant channel of the baffle.
- a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body at positions where a baffle is integrated can be designed to be shorter in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber body than the remaining coolant channels in the combustion chamber body, which do not overlap with a baffle. This allows additional material to be provided on the combustion chamber body for fastening/integrating the baffle. Cooling of the combustion chamber body at the position at which the baffle is arranged is not necessary since the baffle itself is actively cooled.
- a first coolant channel in the guide plate can be a coolant supply channel which is fluidly connected to the at least one coolant channel in the combustion chamber body.
- the first coolant channel in the baffle can run on a first side of the baffle.
- a second coolant channel in the baffle can be a coolant discharge channel that runs on a second side of the baffle.
- the first and second sides of the baffle may be opposite sides of the baffle. For example, they can be viewed as essentially opposite sides of the baffle in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber section. Alternatively, they can also be viewed as essentially opposite sides of the baffle in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber section.
- the first coolant channel can open into or merge into the second coolant channel, so that the first and second coolant channels form a continuous volume and the first and second sides of the baffle are cooled.
- At least one third coolant channel can fluidly connect the coolant supply channel to the coolant discharge channel.
- the third coolant channel can be arranged on a third side of the baffle, so that the third side is also cooled.
- the third side can be a side of the baffle lying between the first and second sides of the baffle.
- the third coolant channel can be arranged at any position within the baffle, for example in the middle of the baffle.
- a plurality of third coolant channels may extend at any location within the baffle, including a coolant channel along the third side of the baffle.
- a coolant channel along one side of the baffle what is meant is the arrangement of the coolant channel in the edge region of the baffle.
- the coolant channel is located relatively just below an outer surface of the baffle, so that this surface is sufficiently cooled.
- the material of the baffle, which delimits an inside of the coolant channel serves to ensure the stability of the baffle.
- "Relatively just below an external surface” here means a wall thickness of the baffle between the external surface and the coolant channel that is sufficiently stable and heat-resistant to be arranged inside the combustion chamber.
- a plurality of baffles can be formed in one piece on the combustion chamber body and protrude into the interior of the combustion chamber. Furthermore, all of the plurality of baffles may be connected at their inner end by an annular baffle (also referred to as an inner baffle).
- annular baffle does not only mean a round shape. Rather, the shape of the annular baffle can correspond to the cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber body in the area of the baffles.
- Such a baffle arranged inside the cross section of the combustion chamber body also serves to reduce or avoid transverse vibrations.
- the annular baffle can comprise at least one coolant channel which is fluidically coupled to the at least one coolant channel of the plurality of baffles.
- the coolant channel of the annular baffle can have one or more coolant channels of one or more several of the plurality of baffles can be fluidically coupled. This allows the inner, ring-shaped baffle to be actively cooled.
- the at least one coolant channel of the annular guide plate can comprise a coolant outlet which is arranged either on a side facing away from the combustion chamber or on a side facing the combustion chamber.
- a coolant outlet can also be provided on the side facing away from and facing the combustion chamber.
- the inner baffle can be designed so that it rests on the injection plate of the injection head. This allows the coolant outlet of the inner baffle to be used as a supply line for fuel (which usually represents the coolant) into the combustion chamber head.
- the coolant outlet can be designed as an injection element or can be set up to arrange an injection element therein.
- the inner baffle can therefore also be designed as an injection element that projects into the combustion chamber.
- a combustion chamber for a rocket engine comprises a combustion chamber section according to the first aspect or one of the embodiment variants described therefor.
- a rocket engine comprises a combustion chamber section according to the first aspect or one of the embodiment variants described therefor or comprises a combustion chamber according to the second aspect.
- a method for producing a combustion chamber section according to the first aspect or one of its design variants comprises a layer construction method, wherein the combustion chamber section is constructed using a layer construction method.
- no material can be joined together by the layer construction process at positions where the coolant channels of the combustion chamber body and the at least one coolant channel of the baffle are located.
- a computer readable medium includes instructions that, when executed on a processor, cause a machine to perform the layer building method according to the fourth aspect.
- Instructions may be CAD data or similar data that describes or defines the shape of the combustion chamber section according to the first aspect and/or the combustion chamber according to the second aspect, in particular such that a machine shapes the combustion chamber section and/or the combustion chamber in layers can.
- FIG 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a combustion chamber 100, which can be used, for example, in a rocket engine 10.
- the nozzle of rocket engine 10 is in Figure 1 only indicated with dashed lines.
- the combustion chamber 100 as shown in Figure 1 shown in simplified form, includes a combustion chamber section 110 in which much of the mixing and combustion of the fuel components takes place. Downstream (in the direction of flow of the combustion gases), the combustion chamber section 110 is adjoined by a subsonic nozzle section 112, in which the combustion gases are accelerated, followed by a supersonic nozzle segment 114.
- connection 131 for coolant which opens into a distribution ring 132 (also called a distributor manifold).
- the distribution ring 132 extends in the circumferential direction and forms a continuous annular volume. Coolant channels 130 open into this volume or viewed in the flow direction of the coolant (in Figure 1 shown by a dashed arrow), a plurality of coolant channels 130 begin in the distribution ring 132.
- the combustion chamber section 110 consists of a combustion chamber body 120 which encloses a combustion chamber volume and in which the coolant channels 130 are also arranged.
- the in Figure 1 Combustion chamber section 110 shown cylindrically, can assume any cross-sectional shape that serves to efficiently burn the fuel components.
- the combustion chamber section 110 further comprises at least one baffle 140 which is formed in one piece with the combustion chamber body 120 and projects from the combustion chamber body 120 into the interior of the combustion chamber.
- a flange 125 is provided at the end of the combustion chamber section 110 located upstream in the direction of flow of the combustion gases. This flange 125 is used to connect the injection head (not shown). As in the detailed view in the Figure 1 is shown, there are a plurality of coolant outlets 138 in the area of the flange 125, each coolant channel 130 in the combustion chamber body 120 having such a coolant outlet 138. The coolant outlets 138 are arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction along a cross section of the combustion chamber body 120. The coolant outlets 138 can open into a distribution ring or collecting ring, not shown, which is provided at the other end of the combustion chamber 100 corresponding to the distribution ring 132.
- At least one of the baffles 140 has a coolant channel 133 - 135 in order to cool the baffle 140.
- the coolant channel 133 - 135 is fluidly connected to at least one of the coolant channels 130 in the combustion chamber body 120.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically a section of a combustion chamber section 110, in particular the coolant channels 130 in the combustion chamber body 120 and the coolant channels 133 - 135 in the baffle 140 can be seen.
- the baffle 140 is shown as a trapezoidal shape only as an example, but can take any shape in order to dampen vibrations within the combustion chamber section 110.
- the baffle 140 divides the combustion chamber volume into different sections, whereby vibrations are suppressed or at least dampened.
- the vibrations can have different parameters, so that the guide plate 140 must be dimensioned accordingly in the longitudinal direction and/or circumferential direction of the combustion chamber section 110 in order to dampen or suppress the vibrations that would otherwise arise.
- Baffle 140 shown as an example has a coolant inlet 136 and a coolant outlet 137.
- the at least one coolant channel 133 - 135 of the guide plate 140 runs between the coolant inlet 136 and the coolant outlet 137.
- the coolant inlet 136 of the baffle 140 can be fluidly connected to at least one of the coolant channels 130 in the combustion chamber body 120.
- the baffle has a width in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber body 120 that is slightly larger than the width of a coolant channel 130 in the combustion chamber body 120.
- the coolant channels 133 - 135 in the baffle 140 can therefore have a width in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber body 120.
- the cross-sectional area of the coolant channel 130 in the combustion chamber body 120 can correspond to the cross-sectional area of the coolant channel 133 or the coolant inlet 136 in the baffle 140.
- the coolant inlet 136 of the baffle 140 can be fluidly connected to the at least one of the coolant channels 130 in the combustion chamber body 120.
- the coolant channel 130 in the combustion chamber body 120 ends in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber body 120 at the level of the coolant inlet 136 of the baffle 140, so that the coolant channel 130 in the combustion chamber body 120 opens into the coolant channel 133 in the baffle 140.
- the adjacent coolant channels 130 in the combustion chamber body 120 are longer.
- each coolant channel 130 in the combustion chamber body 120 lie next to one another in the circumferential direction of the coolant body 120.
- the coolant outlet 137 of the baffle 140 is arranged adjacent to a coolant outlet 138 in the combustion chamber body 120.
- Baffle 140 shown has a first coolant channel 133, which is a coolant supply channel.
- the coolant supply channel 133 is fluidly connected to the (shorter) coolant channel 130 in the combustion chamber body 120.
- a second coolant channel 134 in the baffle 140 forms a coolant discharge channel and opens into the coolant outlet 137 of the baffle 140.
- the coolant supply channel 133 and the coolant discharge channel 134 are fluidly connected to each other. For example, they can be connected to one another via at least a third coolant channel 135. The greater the number of at least one third coolant channel 135, the more evenly coolant can flow through the guide plate 140 and the more evenly it is cooled.
- the free tip of the baffle 140 which is furthest away from the combustion chamber body 120, projects furthest into the combustion chamber, this tip is also exposed to the highest heat load.
- the distance between two third coolant channels 135 can become smaller as the distance from the combustion chamber body 120 increases.
- the coolant supply channel 133 can run along a first side of the baffle 140 and the coolant discharge channel 134 can run along a second side of the baffle 140.
- the arrangement and course of the coolant channels 133 - 135 can be chosen differently from the courses shown so that the coolest possible coolant is guided past the expected hottest points of the baffle 140.
- FIG 3 shows schematically a section of a combustion chamber section 110 with an annular baffle 150.
- Both the combustion chamber section 110 and the annular baffle 150 are shown circular.
- the annular baffle 150 can also take on a different shape, for example a polygonal shape. This annular baffle 150 also divides the combustion chamber volume, thereby dampening or avoiding vibrations.
- the annular baffle 150 can also include at least one coolant channel 151, wherein in Figure 3 For example, two coolant channels 151 are shown on opposite sides (viewed in the flow direction of the combustion gases) of the annular baffle 150.
- This at least one coolant channel 151 in the annular baffle 150 can be fluidically coupled to at least one coolant channel 133 - 135 in at least one of the baffles 140, so that coolant can flow from at least one of the baffles 140 into the annular baffle 150 in order to close the annular baffle 150 cool.
- At least one of the coolant channels 151 of the annular baffle 150 can include a coolant outlet 152, 153.
- a coolant outlet 152, 153 of the annular baffle 150 can either be on be arranged on a side facing away from the combustion chamber 100 or on a side facing the combustion chamber 100.
- the coolant outlet 152 facing away from the combustion chamber 100 can be used as a coolant connection to direct coolant into the injection head.
- a coolant outlet 153 arranged on the side of the guide plate 150 facing the combustion chamber 100 can be used as an injection element.
- an injection element can be installed or integrated in the coolant outlet 153, whereby coolant (here a fuel component) can be directed into the combustion chamber 100 in an area spaced from the injection plate (not shown).
- coolant outlets can also be arranged in the baffles 140. These coolant outlets can also be arranged on a side facing away from the combustion chamber 100 or on a side facing the combustion chamber 100 and fulfill the same functions as the coolant outlets 152, 153.
- the combustion chamber section 110 (or the entire combustion chamber 100) can be manufactured quite quickly and easily in a layered construction process (3D printing or ALM).
- the material forming the baffle 140 and/or annular baffle 150 can be applied in layers with the combustion chamber body 120 and the entire combustion chamber section 110 can be produced in layers. All coolant channels 130, 133, 134, 135, 151 can be produced by omitting a material application and thus creating a cavity.
- the layer construction process allows the different and possibly branched cavities that form the coolant channels 130, 133, 134, 135, 151 and coolant outlets 137, 138, 152, 153 to be produced in a simple manner.
- baffles 140, 150 that are easy to cool can be provided in a simple manufacturing process, and in particular good vibration damping can be achieved, regardless of a complicated course of the coolant channels 130, 133, 134, 135, 151.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brennkammerabschnitt mit integriertem Leitblech, eine Brennkammer sowie ein Raketentriebwerk mit solch einem Brennkammerabschnitt, und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Brennkammerabschnitts sowie einen Computer-lesbaren Datenträger mit Instruktionen zur Durchführung des Herstellverfahrens. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung einen Brennkammerabschnitt, mit einem Brennkammerkörper, der einstückig mit einem in das Innere der Brennkammer ragenden Leitblech gebildet ist. Ferner werden eine Brennkammer sowie ein Raketentriebwerk mit solch einem Brennkammerabschnitt und ein Schichtaufbauverfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Brennkammerabschnitts sowie ein Computer-lesbarer Datenträger mit Instruktionen zum Durchführen des Schichtaufbauverfahrens beschrieben.The invention relates to a combustion chamber section with an integrated baffle, a combustion chamber and a rocket engine with such a combustion chamber section, and a method for producing such a combustion chamber section, as well as a computer-readable data carrier with instructions for carrying out the manufacturing process. In particular, the invention relates to a combustion chamber section, with a combustion chamber body which is formed in one piece with a guide plate projecting into the interior of the combustion chamber. Furthermore, a combustion chamber and a rocket engine with such a combustion chamber section and a layer structure process for producing such a combustion chamber section as well as a computer-readable data carrier with instructions for carrying out the layer structure process are described.
Brennkammern von Flüssigraketentriebwerken dienen der effizienten Verbrennung der jeweiligen Treibstoffpaarung bestehend aus Oxidator und Brennstoff. Hierfür werden die Treibstoffkomponenten über ein spezielles Einspritzsystem der Kammer zugeführt. In der Kammer erfolgt dann, in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Betriebszuständen, die Verdampfung, Durchmischung sowie chemische Umsetzung und die beginnende Umwandlung in kinetische Energie, deren Hauptzuwachs im Bereich eines subsonischen und supersonischen Düsenbereichs liegt. Die Strömung im Bereich der Brennkammer ist von turbulenter Durchmischung gekennzeichnet. Für einen zuverlässigen Betrieb des Raketentriebwerks ist eine hohe Verbrennungsstabilität erstrebenswert.Combustion chambers of liquid rocket engines are used to efficiently burn the respective fuel pairing consisting of oxidizer and fuel. For this purpose, the fuel components are supplied to the chamber via a special injection system. Depending on the respective operating conditions, evaporation, mixing and chemical conversion and the beginning conversion into kinetic energy then take place in the chamber, the main increase of which lies in the area of a subsonic and supersonic nozzle area. The flow in the area of the combustion chamber is characterized by turbulent mixing. For reliable operation of the rocket engine, high combustion stability is desirable.
Ferner ist insbesondere im Bereich der Heißgaswände (Innenwände der Brennkammer und Schubdüse) eine Kühlung notwendig. So kann beispielsweise bei einer Regenerativkühlung die hohe Wärmeentwicklung über Kühlmittelkanäle in den Heißgaswänden, durch die mindestens eine Treibstoffkomponente strömt, abgedämpft werden.Furthermore, cooling is necessary, particularly in the area of the hot gas walls (inner walls of the combustion chamber and exhaust nozzle). For example, in the case of regenerative cooling, the high heat development can be dampened via coolant channels in the hot gas walls through which at least one fuel component flows.
Aus den verschiedenen Formen für Brennkammern, wie zum Beispiel kugelförmig, birnenförmig, konisch, zylindrisch oder auch in Form einer Ringbrennkammer, hat sich die zylindrische Brennraumkonfiguration durchgesetzt. Insbesondere in der Fertigung weist eine zylindrische Brennkammer Vorteile auf. Jedoch weisen Brennkammern mit rundem Querschnitt eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit hinsichtlich hochfrequenter Schwingungen, insbesondere transversale Schwingungsmoden auf, welche den Eigenfrequenzen dieser Bauformen entsprechen. Diese transversalen Schwingungen, also Schwingungsausbreitung in Radialrichtung der runden Brennkammer, führt zu einer zusätzlichen Energiefreisetzung in der Brennkammer mit einhergehender Überhitzung. Ferner ist eine starke Druckfluktuation zu verzeichnen.From the various shapes for combustion chambers, such as spherical, pear-shaped, conical, cylindrical or in the form of an annular combustion chamber, the cylindrical combustion chamber configuration has become established. A cylindrical combustion chamber has advantages, particularly in production. However, combustion chambers with a round cross-section have an increased susceptibility to high-frequency vibrations, especially transverse vibration modes, which correspond to the natural frequencies of these designs. These transverse vibrations, i.e. vibration propagation in the radial direction of the round combustion chamber, lead to an additional release of energy in the combustion chamber with associated overheating. There is also a strong pressure fluctuation.
Um diesen Schwingungen entgegenzuwirken oder sie zu vermeiden, wurden an der Kopfplatte (oder Einspritzplatte) der Brennkammer Leitbleche (in der englischen Fachsprache auch als "baffle" bezeichnet) angeordnet. In der
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine baulich einfachere Möglichkeit zur Reduzierung von transversalen Schwingungen in der Brennkammer zu schaffen.Against this background, the present invention is based on the object of creating a structurally simpler option for reducing transverse vibrations in the combustion chamber.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Brennkammerabschnitt mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, eine Brennkammer mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10, ein Raketentriebwerk mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11 sowie ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 12 und einem entsprechenden Datenträger mit Instruktionen gemäß Anspruch 13 gelöst.This object is achieved by a combustion chamber section with the features of claim 1, a combustion chamber with the features of
Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt zum besseren Verständnis der vorliegenden Offenbarung umfasst ein Brennkammerabschnitt für eine Brennkammer eines Raketentriebwerks einen Brennkammerkörper, der ein Brennkammervolumen umschließt und in dem Kühlmittelkanäle angeordnet sind. Der Brennkammerkörper kann aus einer äußeren Hülle und einer inneren Hülle bestehen, zwischen der Stege oder ähnliche Trennelemente angeordnet sind, die einen Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Hüllen in Kühlmittelkanäle unterteilen. Durch die Kühlmittelkanäle kann beispielsweise Treibstoff strömen, der sich dabei für die spätere Verbrennung günstig erwärmt und gleichzeitig den Brennkammerkörper, insbesondere die innere Hülle, kühlt.According to a first aspect for better understanding of the present disclosure, a combustion chamber section for a combustion chamber of a rocket engine includes a combustion chamber body that encloses a combustion chamber volume and in which coolant channels are arranged. The combustion chamber body can consist of an outer shell and an inner shell, between which webs or similar separating elements are arranged, which divide a space between the two shells into coolant channels. For example, fuel can flow through the coolant channels, which heats up favorably for later combustion and at the same time cools the combustion chamber body, in particular the inner shell.
Es wird ein zylindrischer Brennkammerkörper verwendet. Alternativ weist der Brennkammerkörper einen polygonalen (3-eckig, 4-eckig, 5-eckig oder mit noch einer höheren Anzahl von Ecken und Seiten) oder elliptischen Querschnitt auf.It will a cylindrical combustion chamber body is used. Alternatively, the combustion chamber body has a polygonal (triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal or with an even higher number of corners and sides) or elliptical cross section.
Der Brennkammerabschnitt umfasst ferner mindestens ein Leitblech, das einstückig mit dem Brennkammerkörper gebildet ist und von dem Brennkammerkörper in das Innere der Brennkammer (den Brennraum) ragt. Durch die Anordnung des mindestens einen Leitblechs an der Innenseite des Brennkammerkörpers wird der Aufbau des Einspritzkopfes und insbesondere der Einspritzplatte für die Brennkammer deutlich vereinfacht. Da in der Einspritzplatte eine Vielzahl von Einspritzelementen vorgesehen ist, die mit mindestens zwei Treibstoffkomponenten versorgt werden müssen, ist deren Aufbau meist schon recht komplex und zeitintensiv. Die zusätzliche Anbringung von Leitblechen oder einer Teilanzahl besonders geformter Einspritzelemente wie bei herkömmlichen Einspritzplatten erhöht den Arbeitsaufwand und somit die einhergehenden Herstellkosten. Der hier beschriebene Brennkammerkörper hingegen ermöglicht eine insgesamt einfachere Herstellung von Einspritzkopf und Brennkammer.The combustion chamber section further comprises at least one baffle, which is formed in one piece with the combustion chamber body and projects from the combustion chamber body into the interior of the combustion chamber (the combustion chamber). By arranging the at least one guide plate on the inside of the combustion chamber body, the structure of the injection head and in particular the injection plate for the combustion chamber is significantly simplified. Since a large number of injection elements are provided in the injection plate, which must be supplied with at least two fuel components, their structure is usually quite complex and time-consuming. The additional attachment of baffles or a number of specially shaped injection elements, as with conventional injection plates, increases the amount of work and thus the associated manufacturing costs. The combustion chamber body described here, on the other hand, enables the injection head and combustion chamber to be manufactured more simply overall.
Einstückig gebildet bedeutet hier, dass das mindestens eine Leitblech und der Brennkammerkörper aus einem zusammenhängenden Material bestehen. Beispielsweise kann der Brennkammerabschnitt, also der Brennkammerkörper mit integriertem mindestens einen Leitblech, in einem Schichtbauverfahren (auch als 3D-Druck oder ALM - additive layer manufacturing - bezeichnet) hergestellt werden. Auch können nur Teile des Brennkammerkörpers und/oder Leitblechs mit einem Schichtbauverfahren hergestellt werden und auf einem anderweitig hergestellten Abschnitt des Brennkammerkörpers und/oder Leitblechs aufgebaut werden. Beim Schichtbauverfahren können auch verschiedene Werkstoffe verwendet werden. Beispielsweise kann an den radial innen liegenden Seiten und Enden des mindestens einen Leitblechs ein stärker hitzebeständiger Werkstoff verwendet werden, als an einer Außenseite des Brennkammerkörpers.Formed in one piece here means that the at least one baffle and the combustion chamber body consist of a coherent material. For example, the combustion chamber section, i.e. the combustion chamber body with integrated at least one baffle, can be manufactured in a layer construction process (also referred to as 3D printing or ALM - additive layer manufacturing). Also, only parts of the combustion chamber body and/or baffle can be manufactured using a layer construction process and built on a section of the combustion chamber body and/or baffle that has been manufactured in another way. Different materials can also be used in the layered construction process. For example, a more heat-resistant material can be used on the radially inner sides and ends of the at least one baffle than on an outside of the combustion chamber body.
Der Brennkammerkörper und das Leitblech können auch getrennt voneinander hergestellt werden, und anschließend aneinander befestigt werden. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Schweißen, Löten und/oder (schichtweises) Aufschmelzen erfolgen.The combustion chamber body and the baffle can also be manufactured separately from one another and then attached to one another. This can be done, for example, by welding, soldering and/or (layer-by-layer) melting.
Zudem kann das mindestens eine Leitblech mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal umfassen, der mit mindestens einem der Kühlmittelkanäle in dem Brennkammerkörper fluidisch verbunden ist. Durch die Anordnung eines Kühlmittelkanals in dem mindestens einen Leitblech kann dieses aktiv gekühlt werden, wodurch die Langlebigkeit des Leitblechs stark erhöht wird. Da in den meisten Brennkammern bereits Kühlmittelkanäle vorgesehen sind, um den Brennkammerkörper zu kühlen, ist die fluidische Verbindung mit dem Kühlmittelkanal des Leitblechs einfach herzustellen. Zum Beispiel kann mindestens ein in Längsrichtung der Brennkammer verlaufender Kühlmittelkanal an den mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal in dem Leitblech fluidisch verbunden werden.In addition, the at least one baffle can comprise at least one coolant channel, which is fluidly connected to at least one of the coolant channels in the combustion chamber body. By arranging a coolant channel in the at least one baffle, it can be actively cooled, thereby greatly increasing the longevity of the baffle. Since coolant channels are already provided in most combustion chambers To cool the combustion chamber body, the fluidic connection to the coolant channel of the baffle is easy to establish. For example, at least one coolant channel running in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber can be fluidly connected to the at least one coolant channel in the baffle.
In einer Ausgestaltungsvariante kann das Leitblech einen Kühlmitteleingang und einen Kühlmittelausgang aufweisen. Ein Kühlmitteleingang und Kühlmittelausgang bedeutet hier, dass der entsprechende Kühlmittelkanal an einer Schnittseite des Leitblechs eine Öffnung bildet. Da das Leitblech einstückig mit dem Brennkammerkörper hergestellt ist, ist unter einer Schnittseite des Leitblechs hier eine gedachte Schnittstelle des Leitblechs an der Grenze zu dem Brennkammerkörper gemeint, wenn das Leitblech beispielsweise von dem Brennkammerkörper getrennt würde.In one embodiment variant, the baffle can have a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet. A coolant inlet and coolant outlet here means that the corresponding coolant channel forms an opening on a cut side of the baffle. Since the baffle is made in one piece with the combustion chamber body, a cut side of the baffle here means an imaginary interface of the baffle at the border to the combustion chamber body if, for example, the baffle were separated from the combustion chamber body.
Ferner kann der mindestens eine Kühlmittelkanal des Leitblechs zwischen dem Kühlmitteleingang und dem Kühlmittelausgang verlaufen. Somit können der Kühlmitteleingang und der Kühlmittelausgang an verschiedenen Positionen des Leitblechs (und/oder des Brennkammerabschnitts) angeordnet sein, während der mindestens eine Kühlmittelkanal des Leitblechs im Inneren des Leitblechs verläuft.Furthermore, the at least one coolant channel of the baffle can run between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet. Thus, the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet can be arranged at different positions of the baffle (and/or the combustion chamber section), while the at least one coolant channel of the baffle runs inside the baffle.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsvariante kann der Kühlmitteleingang des Leitblechs mit dem mindestens einen der Kühlmittelkanäle in dem Brennkammerkörper fluidisch verbunden sein. So ist beispielsweise bei der Herstellung des Brennkammerabschnitts mittels Schichtbauverfahren keine tatsächliche Öffnung in dem Leitblech vorhanden. Vielmehr wird ein in dem Inneren des Leitblechs aufgebautes, den Kühlmittelkanal im Leitblech bildendes Volumen während des Schichtbauverfahrens in ein den Kühlmittelkanal im Brennkammerkörper bildendes Volumen übergehen. Mit anderen Worten kann der Kühlmittelkanal in dem Brennkammerkörper in den Kühlmittelkanal des Leitblechs übergehen, sodass Kühlmittel nach Durchströmen des Brennkammerkörpers durch das Innere des Leitblechs strömt und dieses aktiv kühlt.In a further embodiment variant, the coolant inlet of the baffle can be fluidly connected to the at least one of the coolant channels in the combustion chamber body. For example, when producing the combustion chamber section using a layer construction process, there is no actual opening in the baffle. Rather, a volume built up in the interior of the baffle and forming the coolant channel in the baffle will merge into a volume forming the coolant channel in the combustion chamber body during the layer construction process. In other words, the coolant channel in the combustion chamber body can merge into the coolant channel of the baffle, so that coolant flows through the interior of the baffle after flowing through the combustion chamber body and actively cools it.
In noch einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsvariante kann jeder der Kühlmittelkanäle in dem Brennkammerkörper einen Kühlmittelausgang aufweisen. Hierbei kann es sich bei Betrachtung des Brennkammerabschnitts um eine tatsächliche Öffnung handeln, aus der Kühlmittel nach Durchströmen des Brennkammerkörpers ausströmen kann.In yet another embodiment variant, each of the coolant channels in the combustion chamber body can have a coolant outlet. When looking at the combustion chamber section, this can be an actual opening from which coolant can flow out after flowing through the combustion chamber body.
Beispielsweise kann in Umfangsrichtung entlang eines Querschnitts des Brennkammerkörpers neben einem der Kühlmittelausgänge ein weiterer Kühlmittelausgang eines Kühlmittelkanals in dem Brennkammerkörper angeordnet sein.For example, a further coolant outlet of a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body can be arranged in the circumferential direction along a cross section of the combustion chamber body next to one of the coolant outlets.
An Orten, an denen ein Leitblech vorgesehen ist, kann neben einem der Kühlmittelausgänge eines Kühlmittelkanals im Brennkammerkörper der Kühlmittelausgang des Leitblechs angeordnet sein. Mit anderen Worten liegt der Kühlmittelausgang des Leitblechs in Umfangsrichtung an einer Position, die einem Kühlmittelausgang eines Kühlmittelkanals in dem Brennkammerkörper entspräche, wenn an dieser Position kein Leitblech mit eigenem Kühlmittelkanal vorgesehen wäre. Die Kühlmittelkanäle in dem Brennkammerkörper sowie das Leitblech können dabei in Umfangsrichtung so dimensioniert sein, dass eine ganzzahlige Anzahl von Kühlmittelkanälen in dem Brennkammerkörper der Breite des Leitblechs in Umfangsrichtung entspricht. Der Brennkammerabschnitt kann damit an seinem Ende mit den Kühlmittelausgängen so ausgestaltet sein, wie herkömmliche Brennkammern ohne integrierte Leitbleche. Dadurch lässt sich der Brennkammerabschnitt auch mit herkömmlichen Einspritzköpfen und Einspritzplatten verwenden.At locations where a baffle is provided, the coolant outlet of the baffle can be arranged next to one of the coolant outlets of a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body. In other words, the coolant outlet of the baffle is located in the circumferential direction at a position that would correspond to a coolant outlet of a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body if no baffle with its own coolant channel were provided at this position. The coolant channels in the combustion chamber body and the baffle can be dimensioned in the circumferential direction such that an integral number of coolant channels in the combustion chamber body corresponds to the width of the baffle in the circumferential direction. The combustion chamber section can therefore be designed at its end with the coolant outlets like conventional combustion chambers without integrated baffles. This means that the combustion chamber section can also be used with conventional injection heads and injection plates.
In einer Ausgestaltungsvariante kann ein Kühlmittelkanal in dem Brennkammerkörper in Längsrichtung des Brennkammerkörpers auf Höhe des Kühlmitteleingangs des Leitblechs enden und in den mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal des Leitblechs münden. Mit anderen Worten kann ein Kühlmittelkanal in dem Brennkammerkörper an Positionen, an denen ein Leitblech integriert ist, in Längsrichtung des Brennkammerkörpers kürzer ausgestaltet sein als die übrigen Kühlmittelkanäle im Brennkammerkörper, die sich nicht mit einem Leitblech überlappen. Dadurch kann am Brennkammerkörper zusätzliches Material zur Befestigung/Integration des Leitblechs bereitgestellt werden. Eine Kühlung des Brennkammerkörpers an der Position, an der das Leitblech angeordnet ist, ist nicht notwendig, da das Leitblech selbst aktiv gekühlt wird.In one embodiment variant, a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body can end in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber body at the level of the coolant inlet of the baffle and open into the at least one coolant channel of the baffle. In other words, a coolant channel in the combustion chamber body at positions where a baffle is integrated can be designed to be shorter in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber body than the remaining coolant channels in the combustion chamber body, which do not overlap with a baffle. This allows additional material to be provided on the combustion chamber body for fastening/integrating the baffle. Cooling of the combustion chamber body at the position at which the baffle is arranged is not necessary since the baffle itself is actively cooled.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsvariante kann ein erster Kühlmittelkanal in dem Leitblech ein Kühlmittelzuleitungskanal sein, der mit dem mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal in dem Brennkammerkörper fluidisch verbunden ist. Ferner kann der erste Kühlmittelkanal in dem Leitblech auf einer ersten Seite des Leitblechs verlaufen. Zudem kann ein zweiter Kühlmittelkanal in dem Leitblech ein Kühlmittelableitungskanal sein, der auf einer zweiten Seite des Leitblechs verläuft. Die erste und die zweite Seite des Leitblechs können gegenüberliegende Seiten des Leitblechs sein. Beispielsweise können sie im Wesentlichen gegenüberliegende Seiten des Leitblechs in Längsrichtung des Brennkammerabschnitts betrachtet sein. Alternativ können sie auch im Wesentlichen gegenüberliegende Seiten des Leitblechs in Umfangsrichtung des Brennkammerabschnitts betrachtet sein.In a further embodiment variant, a first coolant channel in the guide plate can be a coolant supply channel which is fluidly connected to the at least one coolant channel in the combustion chamber body. Furthermore, the first coolant channel in the baffle can run on a first side of the baffle. In addition, a second coolant channel in the baffle can be a coolant discharge channel that runs on a second side of the baffle. The first and second sides of the baffle may be opposite sides of the baffle. For example, they can be viewed as essentially opposite sides of the baffle in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber section. Alternatively, they can also be viewed as essentially opposite sides of the baffle in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber section.
Dabei kann der erste Kühlmittelkanal in den zweiten Kühlmittelkanal münden oder übergehen, sodass der erste und zweite Kühlmittelkanal ein durchgehendes Volumen bilden, und die erste und zweite Seite des Leitblechs gekühlt wird.The first coolant channel can open into or merge into the second coolant channel, so that the first and second coolant channels form a continuous volume and the first and second sides of the baffle are cooled.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann mindestens ein dritter Kühlmittelkanal den Kühlmittelzuleitungskanal mit dem Kühlmittelableitungskanal fluidisch verbinden. Dabei kann der dritte Kühlmittelkanal an einer dritten Seite des Leitblechs angeordnet sein, sodass auch die dritte Seite gekühlt wird. Bei der dritten Seite kann es sich um eine zwischen der ersten und zweiten Seite des Leitblechs liegenden Seite des Leitblechs handeln. Selbstverständlich kann der dritte Kühlmittelkanal an jeder beliebigen Position innerhalb des Leitblechs, beispielsweise in der Mitte des Leitblechs, angeordnet sein. Bei einer Vielzahl von dritten Kühlmittelkanälen können diese an jeder beliebigen Position innerhalb des Leitblechs verlaufen, einschließlich einem Kühlmittelkanal entlang der dritten Seite des Leitblechs.Alternatively or additionally, at least one third coolant channel can fluidly connect the coolant supply channel to the coolant discharge channel. The third coolant channel can be arranged on a third side of the baffle, so that the third side is also cooled. The third side can be a side of the baffle lying between the first and second sides of the baffle. Of course, the third coolant channel can be arranged at any position within the baffle, for example in the middle of the baffle. A plurality of third coolant channels may extend at any location within the baffle, including a coolant channel along the third side of the baffle.
Bei der hier vorliegenden Beschreibung eines Kühlmittelkanals entlang einer Seite des Leitblechs ist die Anordnung des Kühlmittelkanals im Randbereich des Leitblechs gemeint. Mit anderen Worten liegt der Kühlmittelkanal relativ knapp unter einer äußeren Oberfläche des Leitblechs, sodass diese Oberfläche ausreichend gekühlt wird. Das Material des Leitblechs, das eine Innenseite des Kühlmittelkanals begrenzt, dient der Stabilität des Leitblechs. "Relativ knapp unter einer äußeren Oberfläche" bedeutet hier eine Wandstärke des Leitblechs zwischen äußerer Oberfläche und Kühlmittelkanal, die ausreichend stabil und hitzebeständig ist, um im Inneren der Brennkammer angeordnet zu sein.In the present description of a coolant channel along one side of the baffle, what is meant is the arrangement of the coolant channel in the edge region of the baffle. In other words, the coolant channel is located relatively just below an outer surface of the baffle, so that this surface is sufficiently cooled. The material of the baffle, which delimits an inside of the coolant channel, serves to ensure the stability of the baffle. "Relatively just below an external surface" here means a wall thickness of the baffle between the external surface and the coolant channel that is sufficiently stable and heat-resistant to be arranged inside the combustion chamber.
In noch einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsvariante kann eine Vielzahl von Leitblechen an dem Brennkammerkörper einstückig gebildet sein und in das Innere der Brennkammer ragen. Ferner können alle der Vielzahl von Leitblechen an ihrem inneren Ende durch ein ringförmiges Leitblech (oder auch als inneres Leitblech bezeichnet) verbunden sein. Unter ringförmigem Leitblech ist hier nicht ausschließlich eine runde Form zu verstehen. Vielmehr kann die Form des ringförmigen Leitblechs der Querschnittsform des Brennkammerkörpers im Bereich der Leitbleche entsprechen. Ein solches im Inneren des Querschnitts des Brennkammerkörpers angeordnetes Leitblech dient ebenfalls der Verringerung oder Vermeidung von transversalen Schwingungen.In yet another embodiment variant, a plurality of baffles can be formed in one piece on the combustion chamber body and protrude into the interior of the combustion chamber. Furthermore, all of the plurality of baffles may be connected at their inner end by an annular baffle (also referred to as an inner baffle). Here, annular baffle does not only mean a round shape. Rather, the shape of the annular baffle can correspond to the cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber body in the area of the baffles. Such a baffle arranged inside the cross section of the combustion chamber body also serves to reduce or avoid transverse vibrations.
In einer Ausgestaltungsvariante kann das ringförmige Leitblech mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal umfassen, der mit dem mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal der Vielzahl von Leitblechen fluidisch gekoppelt ist. Alternativ kann der Kühlmittelkanal des ringförmigen Leitblechs mit einem oder mehreren Kühlmittelkanälen eines oder mehrerer der Vielzahl von Leitblechen fluidisch gekoppelt sein. Dadurch lässt sich das innere, ringförmige Leitblech aktiv kühlen.In one embodiment variant, the annular baffle can comprise at least one coolant channel which is fluidically coupled to the at least one coolant channel of the plurality of baffles. Alternatively, the coolant channel of the annular baffle can have one or more coolant channels of one or more several of the plurality of baffles can be fluidically coupled. This allows the inner, ring-shaped baffle to be actively cooled.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsvariante kann der mindestens eine Kühlmittelkanal des ringförmigen Leitblechs einen Kühlmittelausgang umfassen, der entweder auf einer der Brennkammer abgewandten Seite oder auf einer der Brennkammer zugewandten Seite angeordnet ist. Alternativ kann auch jeweils ein Kühlmittelausgang auf der der Brennkammer abgewandten und zugewandten Seite vorgesehen sein. Im Fall eines Kühlmittelausgangs auf der der Brennkammer abgewandten Seite kann das innere Leitblech so ausgestaltet sein, dass es an der Einspritzplatte des Einspritzkopfes anliegt. Dadurch lässt sich der Kühlmittelausgang des inneren Leitblechs als Zuleitung für Treibstoff (der üblicherweise das Kühlmittel darstellt) in den Brennkammerkopf verwenden. Im Fall eines Kühlmittelausgangs auf der der Brennkammer zugewandten Seite kann der Kühlmittelausgang als Einspritzelement ausgestaltet sein oder dazu eingerichtet sein, ein Einspritzelement darin anzuordnen. Somit lässt sich das innere Leitblech auch als in die Brennkammer ragendes Einspritzelement ausbilden.In a further embodiment variant, the at least one coolant channel of the annular guide plate can comprise a coolant outlet which is arranged either on a side facing away from the combustion chamber or on a side facing the combustion chamber. Alternatively, a coolant outlet can also be provided on the side facing away from and facing the combustion chamber. In the case of a coolant outlet on the side facing away from the combustion chamber, the inner baffle can be designed so that it rests on the injection plate of the injection head. This allows the coolant outlet of the inner baffle to be used as a supply line for fuel (which usually represents the coolant) into the combustion chamber head. In the case of a coolant outlet on the side facing the combustion chamber, the coolant outlet can be designed as an injection element or can be set up to arrange an injection element therein. The inner baffle can therefore also be designed as an injection element that projects into the combustion chamber.
Gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt zum besseren Verständnis der vorliegenden Offenbarung umfasst eine Brennkammer für ein Raketentriebwerk einen Brennkammerabschnitt gemäß dem ersten Aspekt oder einer der dazu beschriebenen Ausgestaltungsvarianten.According to a second aspect for better understanding of the present disclosure, a combustion chamber for a rocket engine comprises a combustion chamber section according to the first aspect or one of the embodiment variants described therefor.
Gemäß einem dritten Aspekt zum besseren Verständnis der vorliegenden Offenbarung umfasst ein Raketentriebwerk einen Brennkammerabschnitt gemäß dem ersten Aspekt oder einer der dazu beschriebenen Ausgestaltungsvarianten oder umfasst eine Brennkammer gemäß dem zweiten Aspekt.According to a third aspect for better understanding of the present disclosure, a rocket engine comprises a combustion chamber section according to the first aspect or one of the embodiment variants described therefor or comprises a combustion chamber according to the second aspect.
Gemäß einem vierten Aspekt zum besseren Verständnis der vorliegenden Offenbarung umfasst ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Brennkammerabschnitts gemäß dem ersten Aspekt oder einer seiner Ausgestaltungsvarianten ein Schichtbauverfahren, wobei der Brennkammerabschnitt im Schichtbauverfahren aufgebaut wird. Insbesondere kann dabei an Positionen, an denen die Kühlmittelkanäle des Brennkammerkörpers und der mindestens eine Kühlmittelkanal des Leitblechs liegen, kein Material durch das Schichtbauverfahren zusammengefügt werden.According to a fourth aspect for better understanding of the present disclosure, a method for producing a combustion chamber section according to the first aspect or one of its design variants comprises a layer construction method, wherein the combustion chamber section is constructed using a layer construction method. In particular, no material can be joined together by the layer construction process at positions where the coolant channels of the combustion chamber body and the at least one coolant channel of the baffle are located.
Gemäß einem fünften Aspekt zum besseren Verständnis der vorliegenden Offenbarung umfasst ein Computer-lesbarer Datenträger Instruktionen, die, wenn sie auf einem Prozessor ausgeführt werden, eine Maschine dazu veranlassen, das Schichtbauverfahren gemäß dem vierten Aspekt durchzuführen. Bei diesen Instruktionen kann es sich um CAD-Daten handeln oder ähnliche Daten, die die Form des Brennkammerabschnitts gemäß dem ersten Aspekt und/oder der Brennkammer gemäß dem zweiten Aspekt beschreibt oder definiert, insbesondere so, dass eine Maschine den Brennkammerabschnitt und/oder die Brennkammer schichtweise formen kann.According to a fifth aspect for better understanding the present disclosure, a computer readable medium includes instructions that, when executed on a processor, cause a machine to perform the layer building method according to the fourth aspect. With these Instructions may be CAD data or similar data that describes or defines the shape of the combustion chamber section according to the first aspect and/or the combustion chamber according to the second aspect, in particular such that a machine shapes the combustion chamber section and/or the combustion chamber in layers can.
Die oben beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen und Varianten können selbstverständlich kombiniert werden, ohne dass dies explizit beschrieben ist. Die vorliegende Offenbarung ist somit nicht auf die einzelnen Ausgestaltungen und Varianten in der beschriebenen Reihenfolge oder einer bestimmten Kombination der Aspekte und Ausgestaltungsvarianten beschränkt.The configurations and variants described above can of course be combined without this being explicitly described. The present disclosure is therefore not limited to the individual embodiments and variants in the order described or to a specific combination of the aspects and embodiment variants.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nun anhand der beigefügten schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert, wobei
- Figur 1
- schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Brennkammer zeigt;
- Figur 2
- schematisch einen Ausschnitt eines Brennkammerabschnitts zeigt; und
- Figur 3
- schematisch einen Ausschnitt eines Brennkammerabschnitts mit ringförmigem Leitblech zeigt.
- Figure 1
- schematically shows a perspective view of a combustion chamber;
- Figure 2
- schematically shows a section of a combustion chamber section; and
- Figure 3
- schematically shows a section of a combustion chamber section with an annular baffle.
Im Bereich des Düsenüberschallsegments 114 befindet sich ein Anschluss 131 für Kühlmittel, der in einen Verteilring 132 (auch Verteilermanifold genannt) mündet. Der Verteilring 132 erstreckt sich in Umfangsrichtung und bildet ein durchgehendes ringförmiges Volumen. In dieses Volumen münden Kühlmittelkanäle 130 bzw. in Strömungsrichtung des Kühlmittels betrachtet (in
Der Brennkammerabschnitt 110 besteht aus einem Brennkammerkörper 120 der ein Brennkammervolumen umschließt und in dem ebenfalls die Kühlmittelkanäle 130 angeordnet sind. Der in
Am in Blickrichtung der Strömungsrichtung der Verbrennungsgase stromaufwärts gelegenen Ende des Brennkammerabschnitts 110 ist ein Flansch 125 vorgesehen. Dieser Flansch 125 dient dem Anschluss des Einspritzkopfes (nicht dargestellt). Wie in der Detailansicht in der
Wie insbesondere der Detailansicht in
Das in
Der Kühlmitteleingang 136 des Leitblechs 140 kann mit dem mindestens einen der Kühlmittelkanäle 130 in dem Brennkammerkörper 120 fluidisch verbunden sein. Wie in
Die Kühlmittelausgänge 138 jedes Kühlmittelkanals 130 in dem Brennkammerkörper 120 liegen in Umfangsrichtung des Kühlmittelkörpers 120 nebeneinander. Im Bereich des Leitblechs 140, wo der Kühlmittelkanal 130 in dem Brennkammerkörper 120 kürzer ist, ist einem Kühlmittelausgang 138 in dem Brennkammerkörper 120 der Kühlmittelausgang 137 des Leitblechs 140 benachbart angeordnet. Dadurch münden sämtliche Kühlmittelkanäle 130 in dem Brennkammerkörper 120 und auch die Kühlmittelkanäle 133 - 135 in dem Leitblech 140 in den Sammelring (nicht dargestellt), wie dies auch bei einer Vielzahl von Kühlmittelkanälen 130 in dem Brennkammerkörper 120 ohne Leitblech 140 der Fall wäre. Der Sammelring und die daran anschließenden Komponenten müssen daher nicht verändert werden.The
Um eine ausreichende Kühlung des Leitblechs 140 zu erzielen, sieht das in
Da die freie Spitze des Leitblechs 140, die am weitesten von dem Brennkammerkörper 120 beabstandet ist, am weitesten in die Brennkammer ragt, ist diese Spitze auch der höchsten Wärmebelastung ausgesetzt. Um weiterhin eine gleichmäßige Kühlung erzielen zu können, kann der Abstand zwischen zwei dritten Kühlmittelkanälen 135 mit zunehmendem Abstand vom Brennkammerkörper 120 kleiner werden.Since the free tip of the
Um auch die Außenseiten des Leitblechs 140 (in Strömungsrichtung der Verbrennungsgase betrachtet) zu kühlen, kann der Kühlmittelzuleitungskanal 133 entlang einer ersten Seite des Leitblechs 140 verlaufen und der Kühlmittelableitungskanal 134 entlang einer zweiten Seite des Leitblechs 140 verlaufen. Selbstverständlich können die Anordnung und der Verlauf der Kühlmittelkanäle 133 - 135 abweichend von den dargestellten Verläufen so gewählt werden, dass möglichst kühles Kühlmittel an den zu erwartenden heißesten Stellen des Leitblechs 140 vorbeigeführt wird.In order to also cool the outer sides of the baffle 140 (viewed in the flow direction of the combustion gases), the
Das ringförmige Leitblech 150 kann ebenfalls mindestens einen Kühlmittelkanal 151 umfassen, wobei in
Optional hierzu kann mindestens einer der Kühlmittelkanäle 151 des ringförmigen Leitblechs 150 einen Kühlmittelausgang 152, 153 umfassen. So ein Kühlmittelausgang 152, 153 des ringförmigen Leitblechs 150 kann entweder auf einer der Brennkammer 100 abgewandten Seite oder auf einer der Brennkammer 100 zugewandten Seite angeordnet sein. Der der Brennkammer 100 abgewandte Kühlmittelausgang 152 lässt sich als Kühlmittelanschluss verwenden, um Kühlmittel in den Einspritzkopf zu leiten. Ein auf der Brennkammer 100 zugewandten Seite des Leitblechs 150 angeordneter Kühlmittelausgang 153 hingegen lässt sich als Einspritzelement verwenden. Beispielsweise kann in dem Kühlmittelausgang 153 ein Einspritzelement eingebaut oder integriert werden, wodurch Kühlmittel (hier eine Treibstoffkomponente) in einem von der Einspritzplatte (nicht dargestellt) beabstandeten Bereich in die Brennkammer 100 geleitet werden kann.Optionally, at least one of the
Ebenfalls optional können Kühlmittelausgänge (nicht dargestellt) auch in den Leitblechen 140 angeordnet werden. Dabei können diese Kühlmittelausgänge auch auf einer der Brennkammer 100 abgewandten Seite oder auf einer der Brennkammer 100 zugewandten Seite angeordnet sein und die gleichen Funktionen wie die Kühlmittelausgänge 152, 153 erfüllen.Also optionally, coolant outlets (not shown) can also be arranged in the
Aus
Claims (13)
- A combustion chamber section (110) for a combustion chamber (100) for a rocket engine (10), wherein the combustion chamber section (110) comprising:- a combustion chamber body (120) which encloses a combustion chamber volume and in which coolant channels (130) are arranged, wherein the combustion chamber body (120) is cylindrical or has a polygonal or elliptical cross-section, and wherein the combustion chamber body (120) is adapted to be connected to an injection head,
characterised by- at least one baffle (140), which is formed integrally with the combustion chamber body (120), arranged on an inner side of the combustion chamber body (120) and projects from the combustion chamber body (120) into the interior of the combustion chamber,wherein the at least one baffle (140) comprises at least one coolant channel (133 - 135) which is fluidically connected to at least one of the coolant channels (130) in the combustion chamber body (120). - The combustion chamber section (110) according to claim 1, wherein the baffle (140) has a coolant inlet (136) and a coolant outlet (137), and wherein the at least one coolant channel (133 - 135) of the baffle (140) extends between the coolant inlet (136) and the coolant outlet (137).
- The combustion chamber section (110) according to claim 2, wherein the coolant inlet (136) of the baffle (140) is fluidically connected to the at least one of the coolant channels (130) in the combustion chamber body (120).
- The combustion chamber section (110) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein each of the coolant channels (130) in the combustion chamber body (120) has a coolant outlet (138), and wherein a further coolant outlet (138) of a coolant channel (130) in the combustion chamber body (120) or the coolant outlet (137) of the baffle (140) is arranged in the circumferential direction along a cross-section of the combustion chamber body (120) next to one of the coolant outlets (138).
- The combustion chamber section (110) according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a coolant channel (130) in the combustion chamber body (120) ends in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber body (120) at the level of the coolant inlet (136) of the baffle (140) and opens into the at least one coolant channel (133 - 135) of the baffle (140).
- The combustion chamber section (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a first coolant channel (133) in the baffle (140) is a coolant supply channel that is fluidically connected to the at least one coolant channel (130) in the combustion chamber body (120) and extends on a first side of the baffle (140), and wherein a second coolant channel (134) in the baffle plate (140) is a coolant discharge channel which extends on a second side of the baffle plate (140), and wherein preferably at least one third coolant channel (135) fluidically connects the coolant supply channel (133) to the coolant discharge channel (134).
- The combustion chamber section (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of baffles (140) protrude into the interior of the combustion chamber, and wherein all of the plurality of baffles (140) are connected at their inner end by an annular baffle (150).
- The combustion chamber section (110) according to claim 7, wherein the annular baffle (150) comprises at least one coolant channel (151) which is fluidically coupled to the at least one coolant channel (133-135) of the plurality of baffles (140).
- The combustion chamber section (110) according to claim 8, wherein the at least one coolant channel (151) of the annular baffle (150) comprises a coolant outlet (152, 153), which is preferably arranged either on a side facing away from the combustion chamber or on a side facing the combustion chamber.
- A combustion chamber (100) for a rocket engine (10) with a combustion chamber section (110) according to one of claims 1 to 9.
- A rocket engine (10) with a combustion chamber section (110) according to one of claims 1 to 9 or with a combustion chamber (100) according to claim 10.
- A method of manufacturing a combustion chamber section (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the combustion chamber section (110) is built up by an additive layer manufacturing technique, wherein at positions where the coolant channels (130) of the combustion chamber body (120) and the at least one coolant channel (133-135) of the baffle (140) are located, no material is joined by the additive layer manufacturing technique.
- A computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed on a processor, cause a machine to perform the additive layer manufacturing process according to claim 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102020124530.0A DE102020124530A1 (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Combustor section with integrated baffle and method of manufacturing a combustor section |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3971406A1 EP3971406A1 (en) | 2022-03-23 |
EP3971406B1 true EP3971406B1 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP21191880.0A Active EP3971406B1 (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2021-08-18 | Combustion chamber section with integrated baffle and method for manufacturing a combustion chamber section |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11846255B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3971406B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7339986B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102020124530A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2558484A (en) * | 1947-06-25 | 1951-06-26 | Daniel And Florence Guggenheim | Cooling jacket and heat-resistant cap for combustion chambers |
US3242668A (en) * | 1961-06-05 | 1966-03-29 | Aerojet General Co | Means for reducing rocket motor combustion chamber instability |
US3200589A (en) * | 1961-11-03 | 1965-08-17 | North American Aviation Inc | Two stage baffled injector |
US3242670A (en) | 1962-08-27 | 1966-03-29 | United Aircraft Corp | Segmented baffle injector design |
DE1257489B (en) * | 1965-05-15 | 1967-12-28 | Boelkow Gmbh | Rocket engine for liquid fuels with a main combustion chamber and a pre-combustion chamber |
GB1102138A (en) * | 1969-05-26 | 1968-02-07 | Boelkow Gmbh | Injection device for jet propulsion units |
DE2356572C3 (en) * | 1973-11-13 | 1979-03-29 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Liquid-cooled rocket combustion chamber with thrust nozzle |
DE19901422C2 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2000-11-16 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Combustion chamber cooling structure for a rocket engine |
CN105841193B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2018-07-20 | 葛明龙 | Two kinds of aerospace fanjets |
DE102016209650B4 (en) | 2016-06-02 | 2019-03-14 | Arianegroup Gmbh | INJECTION DEVICE FOR A ROCKET ACTUATOR |
SG11201901765PA (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2019-03-28 | Additive Rocket Corp | Additive manufactured combustion engine |
DE102017129321A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-13 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Combustion chamber device, vehicle |
-
2020
- 2020-09-21 DE DE102020124530.0A patent/DE102020124530A1/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-08-18 EP EP21191880.0A patent/EP3971406B1/en active Active
- 2021-09-01 US US17/463,602 patent/US11846255B2/en active Active
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JP2022051696A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
US11846255B2 (en) | 2023-12-19 |
US20220090562A1 (en) | 2022-03-24 |
EP3971406A1 (en) | 2022-03-23 |
JP7339986B2 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
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