EP3966403B1 - Uncoupling web - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a decoupling web with a carrier web and a plurality of knobs protruding from the plane of the carrier web, the carrier web having a, preferably thermoplastic, plastic as the material. The decoupling track is intended in particular for use for a surface covering structure that can be covered with covering elements, preferably for tile coverings.

The term “decoupling” is understood to mean the reduction of shear stresses or stress peaks between two layers arranged in a solid bond. Effective decoupling therefore prevents shear stresses or stress peaks present in one of the layers from being transferred to the other layer of the composite structure and causing damage there.

Decoupling membranes of the aforementioned type are used, for example, in construction when laying floor covering elements, such as ceramic tiles, in particular for decoupling, sealing and/or vapor pressure equalization. The decoupling strips are laid on a surface, in particular glued, and form the support surface for the floor covering elements. Tiles are laid using the thin-bed method, especially on young screed. If no decoupling path is laid between the tiled floor and the new screed, if the screed shrinks, the tiles could not follow the movement of the screed, especially due to their low expansion coefficient, so that shear stresses arise, which ultimately lead to the tiles detaching or even tearing being able to lead. Decoupling membranes are also required when laying coverings on particularly critical surfaces, such as old wooden floors. A decoupling path of the aforementioned type compensates for these shear stresses through deformation, which is why there is no risk of damage to the composite structure. Decoupling tracks are usually made of film-like plastic, i.e. a flexible plastic layer that deforms under the influence of external forces. The material is usually selected so that it has low emissions, especially in terms of pollutants.

On the side of the decoupling membrane facing away from the floor covering elements, a fleece is usually provided, which can be firmly connected to the carrier membrane. The fleece can be placed on a surface when laying the decoupling membrane arranged and glued to the substrate. An adhesive layer can therefore be provided between the underside of the decoupling membrane facing away from the covering elements and the substrate.

To fix the floor covering elements on the decoupling membrane, a thin layer of tile adhesive, also known as adhesive mortar or connecting layer, is then usually applied to the support level of the decoupling membrane. It goes without saying that instead of a tile adhesive, an equally suitable adhesive or fastening layer or a corresponding material can ultimately be provided. Tile adhesives are usually combed with a notched spatula or a serrated trowel and a different tile adhesive is used depending on the area of application and/or surface. For example, a reaction resin adhesive, a cementitious thin-bed mortar, a casein tile adhesive or a dispersion adhesive are used as tile adhesive.

After applying the tile adhesive to a decoupling membrane, the individual floor covering elements or tiles are laid on the tile adhesive. During application, the tile adhesive penetrates into the recesses of the decoupling membrane and hardens.

With such decoupling paths, the connected floor covering elements are separated from the subsurface and mechanically decoupled. Due to the arrangement of the knobs transversely to the longitudinal direction and in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate, channels arise that extend over the entire carrier plate. These channels work together with the knobs in such a way that they absorb and compensate for mechanical stress and in particular shear stress. This stress on the floor covering elements can be caused by the influences of temperature and moisture and/or by weight loading.

When producing such decoupling tracks, a mold is used which has projections corresponding to the depressions or knobs. However, demolding the mold and decoupling path is usually problematic. In addition, the decoupling web can easily be damaged during demoulding, particularly if the projections of the tool have sharp corners that cut into and/or tear open the decoupling web material, which is usually still soft. The latter problem becomes apparent in practice attempted to be solved by providing the corners of the tool projections with a radius.

The adhesive tensile strength of the dimpled membranes known in practice - without the use of additional layers - generally does not meet the requirements required for the use of the decoupling membrane.

Adhesive tensile strength, sometimes also referred to as tear-off strength, is understood to be a characteristic value that is used to evaluate the adhesion and/or adhesion of layers to surfaces, in particular of the tile adhesive to the decoupling membrane. The adhesive tensile strength can be determined using an adhesive tensile test.

The WO 2010/105857 A1 relates to a decoupling mat that has a plurality of knobs.

The KR 2016 0019141 A concerns a membrane that can be used for impact sound insulation.

The KR 2010 0068761 A concerns a railway that aims to dampen noise.

The KR 100 601 401 B1 concerns impact sound insulation.

The EP 1 712 695 A2 relates to a floor structure that is covered with ceramic tiles.

The object of the present invention is to provide a decoupling web which has improved adhesive tensile strength.

The aforementioned task is solved by a decoupling path according to claim 1. According to the invention it is provided that the carrier web has a copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate as a material. Very particularly preferably, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is formed as a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA, EVAC).

It goes without saying that special features, features, refinements and embodiments as well as advantages or the like, which are described below - too In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions - only be carried out in relation to one aspect of the invention, of course they apply accordingly in relation to the other aspects of the invention, without the need for an express mention.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that when specifying values, numbers and ranges below, the relevant values, numbers and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; Rather, it goes without saying for those skilled in the art that deviations from the specified ranges or information can be made on a case-by-case basis or application-related basis without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In addition, all values or parameter information or the like mentioned below can in principle be determined using standardized or explicitly stated determination methods or using determination methods that are familiar to those skilled in this field.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that all weight or quantity-related percentages are selected by the expert in such a way that the total results in 100%.

Having said this, the present invention will be described in more detail below.

In particular, it goes without saying that the carrier web can only contain the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, preferably EVAC, “partially”. The material of the carrier web can also have another, preferably thermoplastic, plastic.

Furthermore, it is particularly understood that a plurality, in particular at least two, of further, preferably thermoplastic, plastic materials can also be provided.

According to the invention, it has been found, completely surprisingly for the person skilled in the art, that the mechanical properties of the decoupling web can be significantly improved compared to decoupling webs known from the prior art by means of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. So you can a significantly better adhesion, preferably up to 60%, can be achieved compared to decoupling membranes known from practice. The adhesion is improved in particular to the fleece and/or to the tile adhesive. In addition, the decoupling path is not only significantly more flexible, but also shows better decoupling properties than the decoupling paths known from practice. Due to the flexibility, for example, packaging, especially in rolls, of the decoupling web can be made easier, which reduces the effort required to store the decoupling web.

In particular, the improved adhesion of tile adhesive to the decoupling membrane can also improve the adhesive tensile strength of the entire decoupling membrane.

The term “ethylene-vinyl acetate” (EVA, also called EVAC) ultimately refers to a group of copolymers that are formed by the polymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate. Despite the strong branching of the chain molecules, the structure of ethylene vinyl acetate is only crystalline in a few places. With a corresponding vinyl acetate content, the ethylene-vinyl acetate can be partially crystalline and thermoplastic. A translucent formation of ethylene vinyl acetate is also known. The density and other properties depend particularly on the vinyl acetate content (VAC). With a lower proportion of vinyl acetate (VAC), ethylene vinyl acetate is more translucent, tougher, more flexible and more dimensionally stable under heat compared to PE-LD. Higher vinyl acetate content reduces strength, stiffness and chemical resistance.

The copolymer according to the invention containing ethylene and vinyl acetate has a flexibility that is at least essentially similar to rubber and ultimately resembles soft polyvinyl chloride, particularly in terms of its property profile. At the same time, however, tear and impact resistance as well as light transmission and, in particular, gloss increase.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the properties of the decoupling membrane with regard to watertightness, vapor pressure equalization and good drying are further ensured. The decoupling membrane according to the invention is waterproof, enables good vapor pressure equalization and also good drying. The vapor pressure equalization and drying can also be improved by having the channels extending over the decoupling path run between the adjacent knobs, are connected to one another indirectly and/or directly for the entire knobbed web.

According to the invention, the decoupling effect is advantageously designed in such a way that, on the one hand, no cracks occur in the surface of the covering facing away from the decoupling membrane and, on the other hand, that possible cracks in the subsurface, which only occur in particular after the decoupling membrane has been laid, are not in the tile adhesive layer and/or the Mark the covering elements. By adding EVA according to the invention, improved load distribution can therefore be achieved.

Furthermore, the decoupling web according to the invention enables a high winding capability, so that the decoupling web can be easily rolled up, preferably for transport. In addition, the decoupling track according to the invention can have a high torsional rigidity or a high torsional rigidity, so that the decoupling track cannot be bent and/or twisted, in particular by 90°.

In addition, it was found in tests carried out that the decoupling membrane according to the invention, in addition to its excellent decoupling properties, also has very good impact sound insulation. This effect is also the result of the addition according to the invention of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

According to the invention, the carrier web has at least one thermoplastic polymer and/or elastomer as a further material. In particular, hard polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP) can be provided as the thermoplastic polymer and/or elastomer. As a result, the material of the carrier web can have a further thermoplastic material in addition to the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. In particular, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate can be mixed with the other material. According to the invention, it is provided that the further material has a mass fraction of the material of the carrier web of at least 20% by weight, preferably between 30% by weight to 99% by weight, more preferably between 40% by weight to 95% by weight. -%, more preferably between 50% by weight to 80% by weight.

In tests carried out, it was found that by adding the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate to thermoplastic materials known in practice for the carrier web, the essential properties of the decoupling web, in particular the decoupling properties and the adhesive tensile strength, are significantly improved, preferably up to 50%. can be improved.

According to the invention, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, in particular ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAC), has a mass fraction of the material of the carrier web of between 25% by weight to 55% by weight. Depending on the proportion of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate in the material of the carrier web, in particular in relation to the other thermoplastic material, the properties, in particular the adhesive tensile strength and/or the decoupling properties, of the decoupling web can be adjusted accordingly. An individual adaptation to the respective customer wishes and/or the properties intended for the respective use can then be easily possible.

According to the invention it is provided that the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate has a vinyl acetate content of between 16% to 30% and in particular at least essentially between 25% to 29%, in particular based on the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

Depending on the vinyl acetate content, the properties of the copolymer can be adjusted or varied accordingly, in particular depending on the respective customer wishes, usage specifications or the like. From a macroscopic point of view, the elastic modulus of the material, especially the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, should decrease as the proportion of vinyl acetate (VAC) increases. With a vinyl acetate of about 40 to 70% by weight, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is largely amorphous, while with a vinyl acetate of less than 30 to 40% by weight, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is partially crystalline and thermoplastic. It is preferably provided that the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is thermoplastic, so that in particular the vinyl acetate content is less than 40% by weight - based on the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

In tests carried out when the invention came about, it was found that with a vinyl acetate content of 28% +/- 2%, the properties of the entire decoupling path could be further improved compared to other vinyl acetate proportions. In addition, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate with a vinyl acetate content of 28% is not only inexpensive but also easily available, which significantly simplifies the production of the carrier web. The copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, in particular ethylene-vinyl acetate, with a vinyl acetate of about 28% is also referred to as "EVA28".

In addition, when the invention came about, it was found that the decoupling properties and/or the adhesion, in particular the adhesive tensile strength, can be significantly improved compared to the decoupling webs known from the prior art through a multi-layer structure of the carrier web. A multi-layer structure of the carrier web can have layers that differ from one another with regard to adhesion, adhesive tensile strength, elasticity and/or elongation at break. As a result, it is possible to specifically adjust the mechanical properties of the decoupling web through the layer structure of the carrier web, in particular depending on individual customer requirements.

According to the invention, the carrier web has an at least two-layer structure, with at least two layers (A, B) having a material composition that differs from one another. The different material composition has a particular impact with regard to differences in flexibility, elasticity, adhesion and/or adhesive tensile strength.

This aspect of the multilayer structure of the carrier web is therefore particularly advantageous in combination with the addition of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate to the material of the carrier web and/or as the material of the carrier web.

Accordingly, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate can be introduced both in the entire carrier web, in particular in each layer of the carrier web, or even in at least one layer of the carrier web. This enables the carrier web to be highly adaptable to different purposes or operating environments. For example, the outside of the carrier web facing the fleece and/or the tile adhesive can be connected to the Copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate can be provided or mixed, whereby the adhesion to the fleece and / or the tile adhesive can be significantly improved.

According to the invention, at least one layer - either layer A and/or layer B - of the carrier web has the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, in particular ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAC). Particularly preferably, at least one outer layer has the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, as mentioned above, and/or consists of it. A layer structure in the form A-B-A or A-B is preferably provided.

In a layer structure of the form A-B-A, the outer layers A, A can be at least essentially identical in construction - i.e. have the same material composition and/or the same layer thickness.

In principle, a layer structure in the form A-B-C would also be conceivable, with an outer layer C different from the outer layer A. The outer layer C can have a different proportion of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate or contain no copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate at all.

According to the invention, the aforementioned layer structures make it possible for the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate to ultimately be used in those layers - and contribute to improving the mechanical properties - where it is “needed”. For example, it is not immediately necessary to integrate the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate in the middle layer (layer B), although this is of course not excluded according to the invention.

The outsides or outer layers of the carrier web can have the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, although if necessary only one outside or one outer layer of the carrier web can comprise the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. By integrating the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate into the outer layers, in particular the adhesion of the carrier web to the fleece and/or the adhesion to the tile adhesive, in particular the tensile adhesive strength of the carrier web, can be significantly improved compared to the decoupling webs known in the prior art.

In a further preferred embodiment it is provided that only one outer layer (A) and/or the outer layers ((A, A) and/or (A, C)) has/have the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. Alternatively, according to the invention, it is possible for each layer ((A, B) and/or (A, B, C)) of the layer structure (for example A-B, A-B-A and/or A-B-C) of the carrier web to have the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate and/or consists of it. Ultimately, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate can be introduced or introduced precisely into the layers in which the properties, in particular the mechanical properties, are to be improved.

In experiments carried out, it was determined that the layer (A, B, C) containing the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate has a mass fraction of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate in the material of the layer (A, B, C) of at least 5 wt. -%, preferably between 10% by weight to 80% by weight, more preferably between 20% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably between 25% by weight to 55% by weight. According to the invention, it has been found that the aforementioned mass proportions of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate particularly improve the adhesion and decoupling properties of the entire decoupling web and in particular of the carrier web. In particular, at least one thermoplastic polymer and/or elastomer is provided as a further material in the layer (A, B, C), which has the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. HDPE, PE and/or PP are particularly preferred as thermoplastic materials.

Preferably, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is mixed with the further material of the layer (A, B, C) containing the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate with the further thermoplastic material. The further material can in turn have a mass fraction of the material of the carrier web and/or of the mass fraction of the material of the layer (A, B, C) of at least 20% by weight, preferably between 30% by weight to 99% by weight. , more preferably between 40% by weight to 95% by weight, more preferably between 50% by weight to 80% by weight.

It is particularly preferred that the mass proportions of the further thermoplastic material correspond to the mass proportions of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate in the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate layer (A, B, C) added to give 100% by weight. This means that the layer (A, B, C) containing the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate only has another thermoplastic material in addition to the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

Furthermore, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the outer layer (A) and/or the outer layers (A, A) and/or the outer layers (A, C) are at least 10%, preferably between 10% and 90% %, more preferably between 40% to 60% and in particular at least substantially 50%, of the layer thickness of a further, in particular central, layer (in particular layer B). The advantage of the above-mentioned conditions is that the outer layers (layer A or layer C) can have a smaller layer thickness and thus a lower material proportion - measured in relation to the total material proportion of the carrier web - compared to the "main layer" or central layer B. When the invention came about, it was found that for the improvement of the adhesion and the decoupling properties according to the invention through the addition of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, an addition in the outer layers of the layer structure area is sufficient.

A multi-layer structure of the carrier web can easily be produced by extrusion molding. A coextrusion die and/or a multilayer die can be used to apply or produce the carrier web. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the carrier web can be produced by deep-drawing thermoplastic material.

In particular, a multi-layer die can be used as the extrusion nozzle, which enables a layer structure in the form A-B-A or A-B-C or A-B.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided according to the invention that a multi-layer blown film is produced, which is shaped in a deep-drawing process in particular after its production.

In addition, the aforementioned preferred ratios of the layer thicknesses of the layer structure of the carrier web can ensure the lowest possible material consumption of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, while at the same time the materials associated with the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate Improvements according to the invention compared to the prior art can be guaranteed.

Preferably, the carrier web, in particular the decoupling web, has an adhesive tensile strength of greater than 0.1 N/mm ² , preferably greater than 0.2 N/mm ² , more preferably between 0.2 N/mm ² and 5 N/mm ² , on.

The adhesive tensile strength is determined using a special test, which is also called the adhesive tensile test and/or tear test. DIN EN 12004:2017-05 has a requirement for determining the adhesive tensile strength under defined conditions.

Adhesive tensile strengths of the aforementioned magnitude enable, in particular, good adhesion to the substrate and also ensure good adhesion to the tile adhesive. According to the invention, the adhesive tensile strength of the carrier web can be increased by adding the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention it is provided that the carrier web, in particular the decoupling web, has a modulus of elasticity of less than 100 GPa, preferably less than 10 GPa, more preferably between 0.01 to 5 GPa and preferably between 0.05 to 2 .5 GPa. The modulus of elasticity is a material parameter from materials engineering that ultimately describes the proportional relationship between stress and strain during the deformation of a solid body in the case of linear-elastic behavior. The elastic modulus is the proportional elastic constant in Hooke's law. The higher the modulus of elasticity, the less elastic or flexible the solid body is.

In particular, the modulus of elasticity can be determined according to EN ISO 527-1 (as of May 2019). The aforementioned standard is a European standard for plastic to determine the tensile properties, which can be determined by a tensile test with a tensile testing machine.

Furthermore, the decoupling web can have a fabric and/or nonwoven layer, in particular on the side opposite the carrier web plane. The fabric and/or non-woven layer can be firmly connected to the carrier web, in particular, the fabric and/or nonwoven layer being laminated onto the carrier web. The adhesion to the nonwoven layer can be improved compared to the prior art, preferably by up to 30%, in particular by using the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. A spunbond can be used as the nonwoven, in particular a spunbond containing thermoplastic material is provided, preferably a polypropylene spunbond.

The fleece can ultimately correspond to the fleeces already known in practice, which are arranged on a carrier web.

In addition, in a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the knobs are arranged at a distance from one another and, preferably, transversely to the longitudinal direction and in the longitudinal direction of the decoupling path. The knobs can form a distance from the carrier web plane and from a lower knob plane formed by the knob end face. Ultimately, the knobs represent so-called “recesses” in the carrier web, so that an upper carrier web level ultimately results, which has a plurality of depressions formed by the knobs, so that the knob end faces form the lower knob level. According to the invention, the aforementioned design of the knobs makes it possible to create “channels” that contribute to decoupling.

According to the invention, different shapes of the knobs are conceivable. For example, an at least essentially cuboid-shaped nub can be used. A knob with an at least essentially three-legged shape - seen in cross section - is also conceivable.

In particular, elliptical, preferably round and/or oval shapes - seen in cross section - of the knobs are also conceivable.

The knobs designed as depressions ultimately form side walls of the knobs, which connect the knob end faces to the carrier web plane.

It is particularly preferred that the knobs and/or at least one knob have an undercut at least in sections, preferably on at least one side wall of the knob. The undercut serves to improve the adhesion or grip of the tile adhesive.

According to the invention, it is understood that the decoupling web is filled after being placed on a substrate, in particular where the outside of the carrier web having the fleece or fabric layer is arranged on the substrate. Filling can be done in particular with tile adhesive. A surface covering, in particular tiles, can then be arranged on the tile adhesive. The tile adhesive can preferably be introduced into the knobs or into the depressions formed by the knobs and spread over the decoupling membrane.

The tile adhesive penetrates into the undercut during filling, resulting in improved clawing. This in turn leads to a fixation and/or positive fixing of the tile sheet or the covering elements to be applied to the decoupling sheet.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, the shape for forming the undercut on the inside of the knob is sickle-shaped or arcuate and/or arcuate-shaped and/or crescent-shaped. This arch section-shaped design in particular results in improved demolding being made possible during the production of the decoupling path. In contrast to angular undercuts, a rounded or sickle-like shape of the undercut advantageously ensures a slight separation between the mold and the decoupling path. This means that the decoupling track cannot be damaged in particular during demolding. Furthermore, the rounded undercuts preferably serve to reduce the stress peaks of the shear stress of the covering elements and/or distribute them evenly on the decoupling path.

It is particularly preferably provided that the knobs, in particular all knobs, are at least essentially identical in construction.

In a further preferred embodiment, the height of the knobs is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably 2 mm to 4 mm, more preferably 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm. This comparatively low stud height enables a low overall layer structure and implies a reduced amount of tile adhesive required for the connection between the decoupling membrane and the covering elements. Nevertheless, due to the inventive addition of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, a firm connection is created between the tile adhesive and the Decoupling path achieved while achieving an excellent decoupling effect.

In another preferred embodiment, the clear distance between adjacent knobs has a width of greater than 2 mm, in particular between 3 mm to 9 mm, preferably between 4 mm to 8 mm, more preferably between 5 mm to 6 mm. This clear distance also determines the width of the channel section and defines the free space to the neighboring knobs.

In addition, in a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the ratio of the area of the knob bottoms or knob end faces of all knobs to the carrier web plane is preferably between 40% to 70%, more preferably between 45% to 55% and in particular at least substantially 50%. During tests carried out, it was found that by adhering to the above-mentioned conditions, particularly good decoupling values can be achieved while at the same time particularly firmly fixing the tile adhesive to the decoupling membrane. The aforementioned ratios, together with the stud height, also determine, among other things, the required amount of tile adhesive that is used to bond the decoupling membrane and the covering element. On the carrier plate, in particular, a load distribution of the tensile stress that occurs is made possible through the channels because the tension that occurs is preferably compensated for. In tests it was ultimately found that the ratio of 40% to 60%, preferably 45% to 55%, is particularly advantageous and has good decoupling properties and good adhesive tensile strength.

Furthermore, it is understood that any intermediate intervals and individual values are contained in the aforementioned intervals and range boundaries and are to be regarded as disclosed as being essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals and individual values are not specifically stated.

Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments based on the drawing and the drawing itself. All described and/or illustrated features, individually or in any combination, form the subject of the present invention, regardless of their Summary in the claims and their relationship.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbaus der Trägerbahn,

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbaus der Trägerbahn,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbaus der Trägerbahn,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbaus der Trägerbahn,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn zur Verwendung für einen Fliesenbelag,

Fig. 6

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 7

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn und

Fig. 8

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a layer structure of the carrier web according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a layer structure of the carrier web according to the invention,

Fig. 3

a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a layer structure of the carrier web according to the invention,

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a layer structure of the carrier web according to the invention,

Fig. 5

a schematic cross-sectional representation of a decoupling membrane according to the invention for use for a tile covering,

Fig. 6

a schematic perspective representation of a decoupling path according to the invention,

Fig. 7

a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a decoupling path according to the invention and

Fig. 8

a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a decoupling path according to the invention.

Fig. 6 shows a decoupling web 1. The decoupling web 1 has a carrier web 3 and a plurality of knobs 5 protruding from the carrier web plane 4. The carrier web 3 has a plastic as a material and/or consists of a plastic. In particular, the carrier web 3 can have a thermoplastic material as the material.

Fig. 5 shows that the decoupling track 1 is intended for use for a surface covering structure 2 that can be covered with covering elements, in the exemplary embodiment shown with tiles 14. Fig. 5 shows that a tile covering is provided as surface covering structure 2.

The carrier web 3 shown in the exemplary embodiments has and/or consists of a copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate as a material. In particular, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is formed as a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, preferably as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA, EVAC).

The carrier web 3 can have at least one thermoplastic polymer and/or elastomer as a further material. In particular, HDPE, PE and/or PP can be provided as a thermoplastic and thus as a further material. The copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate can be mixed with the other thermoplastic material. In addition, the further thermoplastic material of the carrier web 3 can have a mass fraction of the material of the carrier web 3 between 40 and 95% by weight. The proportion of the material of the carrier web 3 of the further thermoplastic material, in particular in relation to the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, can be selected depending on the operating environment or the intended use.

What is not shown is that the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate can have a mass fraction of the material of the carrier web 3 of at least 5% by weight and in further embodiments between 25% by weight to 55% by weight.

Furthermore, it is not shown that the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate has a vinyl acetate content of at least 5% and in further embodiments between 16% to 30% - based on the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. In particular, the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is thermoplastic.

In Fig. 1 It is shown that the carrier web 3 has a single-layer structure and is therefore formed by the material layer A. In this context, it is understood that this layer structure can also be produced using a multi-layer extrusion die, whereby layer A can therefore be applied in several layers of the same material composition. Ultimately, the material layer A has an at least essentially homogeneous material distribution.

Fig. 2 shows that the carrier web 3 has an at least two-layer layer structure 6. In Fig. 2 Layers A and B are provided, with both Layer A and layer B are designed as outer layers, i.e. form an outside of the carrier web 3. Layers A and B have a material composition that differs from one another. The layer A, which is in Fig. 2 shown can face the tile adhesive.

Furthermore, at least one layer A and/or B of the carrier web 3 can have the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. In particular, the outer layer A has the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. In Fig. 2 a layer structure in the form AB is shown. Layer B may or may not contain the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

The Fig. 3 shows a layer structure in the form ABA, whereby the outer layers A can be designed to be the same or identical with regard to their layer thickness 7 and/or their material composition. The layers A, which are in Fig. 3 shown may have a material composition that differs from layer B.

In Fig. 4 A layer structure 6 with the layer sequence ABC is shown. The layer C can have a material composition and/or layer thickness 7 that differs from the outer layer A and/or from layer B. In particular, the outer layer C has a modified proportion of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate or no proportion of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate at all.

In further embodiments it can be provided that only one outer layer A and/or the outer layers A, A or A, C have and/or have the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. In this context, the further layer B provided between the outer layers (A or A, A or A, C), in particular the centrally bordered layer B, may not contain any proportion of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

Furthermore, in further embodiments it can be provided that each layer A, B or A, B, C of the layer structure 6 of the carrier web 3 can have the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, the individual layers being different in terms of their material composition, their properties and/or their layer thicknesses 7 can be different. In principle, it is of course also possible for a plurality of further layers to be provided in addition to layers A, B, C differ with regard to or compared to the layers A, B or A, B, C by their material composition, their properties and / or layer thickness 7.

The layer A, B and/or C containing the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate can have a mass fraction of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate in the material of the respective layer A, B and/or C of at least 5% by weight. In particular, the mass fraction of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate in the outer layer A and/or in the outer layer C is between 30 and 50% by weight. In the aforementioned layers A, B, C, at least one thermoplastic material (in particular a polymer and/or elastomer) can be provided as a further material - in addition to the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. HDPE, PE and/or PP can be used as plastic material. The copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate can be mixed with the other plastic material. The further plastic material can have a mass proportion of between 50 to 90% by weight of the material of the carrier web 3 and/or of the material of the layer A, B and/or C containing the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. It is particularly preferred that the mass fraction of the further plastic layer in layer B is greater than the mass fraction of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

Furthermore, in further embodiments it can be provided that the mass fraction of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate in the outer layers A and / or C is greater, preferably by at least 50%, than the mass fraction of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate in the middle or further layer Are.

In the Fig. 2 to 4 It is shown that the outer layer A and/or the outer layers A, A and/or A, C has at least 10%, in the exemplary embodiment shown at least essentially 50%, of the layer thickness 7 of a further, in particular central, layer B. As a result, the material of layer B can have a significantly higher proportion of the total material of the carrier web 3 or the layer structure 6 of the carrier web 3, in particular up to 80% and/or at least 40%.

What is not shown is that the carrier web 3, in particular the decoupling web 1, has an adhesive tensile strength of greater than 0.1 N/mm ² , in further embodiments between 0.2 N/mm ² to 5 N/mm ² .

Furthermore, it is not shown that the carrier web 3, in particular the decoupling web 1, has a modulus of elasticity of less than 100 GPa, in further embodiments between 0.05 to 2.5 GPa.

Fig. 5 shows that the decoupling web 1 has a fabric and/or non-woven layer 8. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a fleece layer 8 is provided. The fleece layer 8 is firmly connected to the carrier web 3. The fleece layer 8 can be laminated onto the carrier web 3. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fleece layer 8 is arranged on the knob end faces 10 or on the knob plane 11.

The fleece layer 8 is on a substrate 17, as shown in the Fig. 5 can be seen, arranged. The fleece layer 8 can be glued to the substrate 17 via an adhesive layer. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fleece layer 8 is glued to the substrate 17 using the tile adhesive 13.

At the in Fig. 5 Illustrated embodiment can be provided that the tile 14 has a height of approximately 5 mm +/- 3 mm. The height of the knob 5 can be approximately 4 mm. The tile adhesive 13 applied to the top of the carrier sheet level 4 can, for example, have a height of between 2 to 10 mm, in particular between 3 to 6 mm. The thickness of the carrier web 3 and/or the fleece layer 8 can be approximately 0.5 mm. On the underside of the fleece layer 8, the tile adhesive layer can have a height of 3 to 6 mm.

The Fig. 6 to 8 show that the knobs 5 are arranged at a distance from one another. The knobs 5 run both in the longitudinal direction L and transversely to the longitudinal direction L. In the present case, the knobs 5 have an orderly arrangement. But this does not have to be the case. Random arrangements of the knobs 5 are also possible. The knobs 5 are at a distance 9 from the upper carrier web level 5 and a lower knob plane 11 formed by the outer knob end faces 10. The knob level 11 is formed by the knob end faces 10.

Fig. 6 shows that the knobs 5 form an at least essentially cuboid-shaped depression. In the Fig. 7 and 8th it is shown that the knobs 5 have an at least essentially three-legged cross-sectional shape. In principle, other forms are also possible.

The distance 9 to the upper carrier web level 5 is ultimately determined by the height of the side walls 16 of the knob 5, the side walls 16 connecting the carrier web level 4 with the knob level 11. The knob interior 15 is ultimately limited by the side walls 16.

The Fig. 5 shows that the knobs 5 and/or at least one knob 5 has an undercut 12 at least in sections. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the undercut 12 is crescent-shaped or curved. An undercut 12 having at least a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape is also possible in principle.

In Fig. 8 It is shown that 11 projections 18 are provided on the knob end faces. Ultimately, the projections 18 can have any shape and ultimately serve to structure the dimpled bottom.

Example embodiment

A number of exemplary embodiments according to the invention are given below, which are compared with a comparative example 0 (not according to the invention).

The embodiments according to the invention to be compared with one another and the comparative example 0 not according to the invention have an at least essentially identical design of the shape of the decoupling path, with the knob shapes of the examples corresponding in geometric form. Ultimately, the exemplary embodiments only differ in terms of their material composition.

The carrier webs of the decoupling web are manufactured by extrusion of thermoplastic and subsequent shaping on a vacuum deep roller. To form a decoupling web, a polypropylene spunbond is laminated onto the support web on the knob level. The extrusion is carried out with a multi-layer die, whereby the "single-layer structure" is also obtained through the multi-layer extrusion die, but ultimately the same material composition is present in the applied layers, so that the multi-layer extrusion die can then produce a single-layer structure.

The exemplary embodiments to be compared also have at least essentially the same total layer thickness of the carrier web, with the ratio of the layers being given in the following table in the case of a multi-layer structure. The knob shape of the exemplary embodiments corresponds at least essentially to that in Fig. 6 square nub shown.

Furthermore, the materials EVA28, EVA18 and HDPE correspond to the exemplary embodiments.

The exemplary embodiments have the following material composition: Example Layer A Layer B Ratio A : B : A Comparative example 0 100% HDPE / / example 1 70% HDPE / / 30% EVA28 Example 2 60% HDPE / / 40% EVA28 Example 3 50% HDPE / / 50% EVA28 Example 4 70% HDPE 100% HDPE 0.25: 0.5: 0.25 30% EVA28 Example 5 60% HDPE 100% HDPE 0.25: 0.5: 0.25 40% EVA28 Example 6 50% HDPE 100% HDPE 0.25: 0.5: 0.25 50% EVA28 Example 7 70% HDPE 90% HDPE 0.25: 0.5: 0.25 30% EVA28 10% EVA28 Example 8 60% HDPE 95% HDPE 0.25: 0.5: 0.25 40% EVA28 5% EVA28 Example 9 70% HDPE / / 30% EVA18 Example 10 60% HDPE / / 40% EVA18 Example 11 60% HDPE 100% HDPE 0.15:0.7:0.15 40% EVA28 Example 12 30% HDPE 100% HDPE 0.15: 0.7: 0.15 70% EVA18 Example 13 30% HDPE 100% HDPE 0.3:0.7:0 70% EVA18 Example 14 30% HDPE 100% HDPE 0.2:0.8:0 70% EVA18

In Examples 12 and 13, a two-layer structure is provided, namely a layer structure of form AB. A spunbond layer containing polypropylene is arranged on layer B, in particular laminated.

HDPE is intended as a further thermoplastic plastic material and also as a material for the comparative examples not according to the invention. The copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is designed as ethylene-vinyl acetate and has a vinyl acetate content of at least essentially 28% based on the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. This material is referred to as "EVA28". Another copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is designed as ethylene-vinyl acetate and has a vinyl acetate content of at least essentially 18% based on the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. This material is referred to as "EVA18". When adding the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate to the thermoplastic material, it is provided that it is mixed with the thermoplastic material before extrusion of the carrier web. Extrusion takes place both with the thermoplastic material and with the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.

The aforementioned exemplary embodiments have been examined with regard to different criteria. The tensile adhesive strength was determined according to DIN EN 12004-02:2017-05. Furthermore, the modulus of elasticity was determined to determine flexibility. In addition, the decoupling properties when using the decoupling membrane as a decoupling base for a tile covering have been examined. Furthermore, the adhesion to the tile adhesive of the decoupling membrane was determined. The water resistance has also been determined.

The results table shown below relates the test results relative to each other. The following results can be achieved: • - : insufficient result • - : poor result • o: satisfactory result • + : good result • ++ : very good result

The table shown below illustrates the results: Example Adhesive tensile strength flexibility Adhesion to tile adhesive Water resistance Decoupling Comparative example 0 ○ ○ - ++ ○ example 1 ○ + +/++ ++ +/++ Example 2 + ++ ++ ++ ++ Example 3 ++ ++ ++ ++ + Example 4 + ○/+ + ++ + Example 5 ++ + ++ ++ ++ Example 6 ++ + ++ ++ ++ Example 7 + + +/++ ++ +/++ Example 8 ++ +/++ ++ ++ ++ Example 9 ○ ○ ○ ++ + Example 10 ○ + + ++ +/++ Example 11 ++ +/++ ++ ++ +/++ Example 12 ++ +/++ ++ ++ ++ Example 13 ++ + ++ ++ +/++ Example 14 ++ +/++ ++ ++ ++

The aforementioned results make it clear that by adding the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate according to the invention to the material of the carrier web, both the adhesive tensile strength and the flexibility (by reducing the modulus of elasticity) can be improved. Even with increasing amounts of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA28) only in the outer layers (layer A), very good adhesive tensile strengths can be achieved. The outer layer A can even contain up to 50% of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA28) or up to 70% of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA18) can be added without the decoupling path becoming too soft.

Furthermore, even better results in terms of flexibility are obtained if the central layer B enclosed between the outer layers A also contains the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

Alternatively, very good results can also be achieved if, in a two-layer structure (AB), only the outer layer A contains the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

The waterproofness ultimately remains almost unaffected by the addition of the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.

In addition to the tensile adhesive strength, the adhesion to the tile adhesive and the decoupling properties can also be improved by adding the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate. This results in improved use and use of the decoupling track according to the invention.

List of reference symbols:

1

Decoupling trajectory

2

Surface covering structure

3

Carrier track

4

Carrier track level

5

nubs

6

Layer structure

7

Layer thickness

8th

fleece layer

9

Distance

10

knobbed faces

11

knob level

12

Undercut

13

tile glue

14

tile

15

Dimpled interior

16

Side wall

17

underground

18

head Start

A

layer

b

layer

C

layer

L

Longitudinal direction

Claims (12)

1. Decoupling sheet (1), in particular intended for use for a surface covering structure (2) which can be covered with covering elements, preferably tile coverings, having a carrier sheet (3) and a multiplicity of nubs (5) projecting from the carrier sheet plane (4), which form depressions in the carrier sheet (3), the carrier sheet (3) having as material a copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate, in particular a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA),

   characterized in that the carrier sheet (3) has as a further material at least one thermoplastic polymer and/or elastomer, in particular hard polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP), and

   that the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate has a mass fraction of the material of the carrier web of between 25 % by weight and 55 % by weight,

   that the further material has a mass fraction of at least 20% by weight of the material of the carrier sheet (3),

   that the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate has a vinyl acetate content of between 16% and 30%,

   in that the carrier sheet (3) has an at least two-layer layer structure (6), at least two layers (A, B) having a material composition which differs from one another, and

   in that at least one layer (A, B) of the carrier web (3) comprises the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.
2. Decoupling sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate is mixed with the other material.
3. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate has a vinyl acetate content of 25% to 29%, in particular based on the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.
4. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one outer layer (A) of the carrier sheet (3) comprises the copolymer comprising ethylene and vinyl acetate and, preferably, wherein a layer structure A-B-A or A-B is provided.
5. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only one outer layer (A) and/or the outer layers (A, A) has/have the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate or in that each layer (A, B) of the layer structure (6) of the carrier sheet (3) has the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate.
6. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the further material has a mass fraction of the material of the carrier sheet (3) and/or of the material of the layer (A, B) comprising the copolymer containing ethylene and vinyl acetate of between 30% by weight and 99% by weight, more preferably between 40% by weight and 95% by weight, more preferably further between 50% by weight and 80% by weight.
7. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (A) and/or the outer layers (A, A) of the carrier sheet (3) has/have at least 10%, preferably between 10% and 90%, more preferably between 40% and 60% and in particular at least substantially 50%, of the layer thickness (7) of a further, in particular central, layer (B).
8. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier sheet (3), in particular the decoupling sheet (1), has an adhesive tensile strength of greater than 0.1 N/mm² , preferably greater than 0.2 N/mm² , more preferably between 0.2 N/mm² and 5 N/mm.²
9. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier sheet (3), in particular the decoupling sheet (1), has a modulus of elasticity of less than 100 GPa, preferably less than 10 GPa, more preferably between 0.01 to 5 GPa and preferably between 0.05 to 2.5 GPa.
10. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the decoupling sheet (1) has a woven and/or non-woven layer (8), in particular on the side opposite the carrier sheet plane (4), in particular the non-woven layer (8) being firmly connected to the carrier sheet (3), in particular being laminated onto the carrier sheet (3).
11. Decoupling web according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nubs (6) are arranged at a distance from one another and, preferably, transversely to the longitudinal direction (L) and in the longitudinal direction (L) of the decoupling web (1), in particular the nubs (5) forming a distance (9) from the upper carrier sheet plane (4) and a lower nub plane (11) formed by the outer nub end faces (10).
12. Decoupling sheet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one dimple (5) has an undercut (12) at least in sections.

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