EP3964649B1 - Construction machine for specialised civil engineering - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a construction machine for special civil engineering, with a leader on which a feed carriage is guided, which has a receptacle for a working device, in particular a drilling or piling device, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Rotary drilling rigs are used in special foundation engineering, for example for Kelly drilling, double-head drilling or continuous auger drilling. Kelly drilling is one of the most common drilling methods and is primarily used to produce bored piles for pile foundations. A characteristic feature of rotary drilling rigs is a mast, technically called a leader, on which the working equipment, here drilling drives, are moved. The tools are usually picked up by a feed slide that can be moved via a feed system and preloaded with great force. The feed is regularly carried out via ropes, an upper rope for pulling the drilling tool and a lower rope, over which the on-board tool is pulled down. The ropes used usually have a diameter of between 20 mm and 30 mm. Such a rotary drilling rig is, for example, in EP 2 378 001 A1 described.

A feed winch is usually used as the feed drive for the feed carriage, on which the upper and lower ropes are wound up and which, when its rope drum rotates, simultaneously unwinds one rope and winds up the other. Both ropes can be attached directly to the feed carriage. Alternatively, two deflection rollers are installed on the feed carriage, through which the upper and lower ropes are each deflected by 180° and guided to assigned fixed points on the leader.

In order to ensure that the feed carriage can move smoothly with the implement it has picked up, it is necessary for the feed cables, which lengthen under load, to be continuously tensioned. For the transport of the construction machine, the ropes have to be slackened again avoid damaging them when turning the mast onto the carrier. Since the cables tend to elongate over time due to constant load, at least one of the feed cables is usually attached to a cable tensioning cylinder. Since the travel of such a rope tensioning cylinder is limited by the available free space on the leader, the ropes must be re-lashed regularly, at the latest when the tensioning cylinder has reached its maximum travel. The lashing is done either at the connection to the cable tensioning cylinder or at the fixed point. It is therefore necessary for the rope ends to be re-lashed to be connected to the leader or the rope tensioning cylinder via a detachable rope end connection. A cable end connection that is detachable on the one hand and does not impair the strength of the cable on the other is not known to date. Wedge sockets are usually used as detachable rope end connections, but these reduce the rope strength by around 20%. Therefore, the cable diameters must be dimensioned correspondingly larger, which leads to increased mass and additional space required. In addition, thicker ropes require larger radii of the rope pulleys.

In addition, due to the small bending radius in the wedge socket, especially with larger rope diameters, both assembly and lashing down are problematic. Before assembly, rope clamps must be fitted to pull the pointed rope ends, which can lead to damage to the outer strands. In addition, an exact setting of the cable length, which is necessary in order to lose as little travel of the cable tensioning cylinder as possible, turns out to be difficult. Improper lashing, especially under construction site conditions, can lead to frictional contact in the area of the rope inlet and outlet and thus to damage to the outer strands.

The above problems exist analogously with piling equipment, in which feed winches are also used. In piling equipment, a hydraulic cylinder is often used to drive the feed, with different concepts to be distinguished. With telescopic leaders, at least two leader parts are moved against each other by hydraulic cylinders, with the change in length of the leader is passed on to the feed slide via a rope feed. With fixed leaders, both winches and hydraulic cylinders are used to drive the cable feed. The winch feed works on the same principle as with drilling rigs.

This is to be differentiated from telescopic leaders in terms of design, in which a first leader part is guided on a second leader part and is arranged to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction via a hydraulic cylinder. Two feed ropes run over the first leader part, an upper feed rope, which is guided at the upper end of the leader over an upper deflection roller to the feed carriage, and a lower feed rope, which is guided over the lower deflection roller to the feed carriage. The feed carriage is guided on the first leader part and can be moved in the longitudinal direction. One end of both ropes is attached to the feed carriage. With the respective other end, the ropes are attached to a fixed point on the second leader part. If the leader parts are shifted against each other, the feed carriage guided on the first leader part moves at double the speed. Since two ropes are often installed in parallel in telescopic leaders, these must be of comparable tension to ensure even carrying.

Against this background, the object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine for special civil engineering of the aforementioned type, which allows both simple assembly and lashing of the feed cable without impairing the cable strength. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a construction machine having the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

With the invention, a construction machine for special foundation engineering of the above type is provided, which allows both simple assembly and lashing down of the feed cable without impairing the cable's strength. The fact that the rope tensioner comprises a tensioning drum on which an end section of a feed rope with a plurality of, preferably at least three, rope windings is fastened results in a detachable end attachment of the feed rope achieved without affecting the rope strength. The feed cable is re-tensioned by rotating the tensioning drum, with--in contrast to the tensioning cylinders used in the prior art--there are no space-related restrictions. The end of the feed cable received by the tension drum is preferably fastened to the tension drum of the cable tensioner via a clamping wedge.

In a further development of the invention, the first end of the feed cables is wound onto a drive winch. Alternatively, the feed cables can also be guided over cable pulleys of a drive carriage, which can be displaced via a drive cylinder, in particular a hydraulic cylinder, which is attached to the leader. This enables the feed carriage to be driven reliably in both longitudinal directions along the leader.

The rope tensioner according to the invention, which has a rope drum, is to be distinguished here from a (drive/feed) winch, which forms the drive for the feed ropes. Although this rope tensioner also allows a feed rope attached to it to be wound up or unwound, it is not used to drive the feed ropes; a drive winch or a drive hydraulic cylinder is also available for this purpose. In contrast to a drive winch, this cable tensioner is not able to cause the feed carriage to shift in both directions of movement.

In an embodiment of the invention, at least one of the feed cables is deflected via at least one deflection roller attached to the feed carriage and is fastened with its second end to a fixed point on the leader. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the leader is a telescopic leader, which comprises a first leader part and a second leader part guided on this, as well as a hydraulic cylinder, via which the second leader part (outer leader) can be displaced in the longitudinal direction along the first leader part (inner leader), wherein the first feed rope and the second feed rope are each attached at one end to a fixed point of the first leader and at the other end to a fixed point of the feed carriage. This is a reliable drive of the feed carriage in both longitudinal directions of the leader is achieved by means of the hydraulic cylinder.

In a development of the invention, the rope tensioner has means for locking the tensioning drum in at least one rotational position. This allows easy retensioning of the feed cable by rotating the tensioning drum and then locking it.

In an embodiment of the invention, the means for locking comprise a bolt which can be inserted through a first bore of a first bore pattern of a cable tensioner housing at least partially surrounding the tension drum into a second bore of a second bore pattern arranged in the tension drum. Depending on the design of the hole pattern, fine-tuned re-tightening is thereby made possible.

In a further development of the invention, the drilling pattern of the cable tensioner housing and the drilling pattern of the tensioning drum have different angular divisions. This achieves a large number of setting out positions.

In an embodiment of the invention, two locating bores are arranged in the cable tensioner housing at an angle of 150° to one another in relation to the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum, and there are six locating bores in the tensioning drum, which are arranged at an angle of 60° to one another in relation to the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum . This enables the cable drum to be locked in a grid of 30° increments. The increment can be further reduced with additional holes, for example by two additional holes in the housing to 10°.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the tensioning drum has a receptacle for attaching a chain hoist or other tensioning device. This enables manual retensioning of the pretensioning cables.

In a further development of the invention, the tensioning drum is connected to a motor over which it can be driven. This enables automatic re-tensioning of the pre-tensioning cables.

In an embodiment of the invention, the tensioning drum is connected to a gear. This achieves a reduction in the torque required for re-tightening. The gear is preferably a worm gear or an epicyclic gear or a cycloidal gear.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the gear is a self-locking gear that is designed in such a way that it cannot be driven via the tensioning drum. This allows for stepless re-tensioning of the lead rope. The self-locking gear is preferably a worm gear or a self-locking planetary gear. As an alternative to this, the tensioning drum can be provided with a brake which is only released when the tensioning drum is to be tightened or relaxed.

In a development of the invention, the rope tensioner comprises at least one sensor for detecting the rope tension that is present. In this case, the sensor is preferably connected to an evaluation and display module for displaying the current cable tension. Alternatively or additionally, the sensor can be connected to a control and regulation device, via which a motor connected to the cable drum can be controlled and which is set up based on a comparison of the actual cable tension values determined by the sensor with a stored setpoint cable tension value or a stored one Automatically correct the cable tension in the target cable tension range by controlling the motor. As a result, a largely constant rope tension can be achieved.

In an embodiment of the invention, the at least one sensor for detecting the applied cable tension is a force measuring bolt, which is arranged in the tensioning drum. Alternatively or additionally, a sensor for detecting the bearing forces of the cable tensioner can be arranged.

Figur 1

die schematische Darstellung einer Baumaschine für den Spezialtiefbau;

Figur 2

die Detaildarstellung des Ausschnitts T der Baumaschine aus Figur 1;

Figur 3

die Detaildarstellung des Ausschnitts S der Baumaschine aus Figur 1;

Figur 4

die Darstellung des Mäklers der Baumaschine aus Figur 1;

Figur 5

die Detaildarstellung des Abschnitts Z des Mäklers aus Figur 4;

Figur 6

die Darstellung des Abschnitts Z des Mäklers aus Figur 4 in räumlicher Darstellung;

Figur 7

die vergrößerte Detaildarstellung der Spannvorrichtung des Mäklers aus Figur 4;

Figur 8

die vergrößerte Detaildarstellung der Seilbefestigung an der Spanntrommel der Spannvorrichtung aus Figur 7;

Figur 9

die schematische Darstellung des Mäklers einer Baumaschine für den Spezialtiefbau in einer weiteren Ausführungsform und

Figur 10

die schematische Darstellung des Mäklers einer Baumaschine für den Spezialtiefbau in einer dritten Ausführungsform.

Other developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining dependent claims. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in detail below. Show it:

figure 1

the schematic representation of a construction machine for special civil engineering;

figure 2

the detailed representation of section T of the construction machine from FIG. 1;

figure 3

the detailed representation of section S of the construction machine from FIG. 1;

figure 4

the representation of the leader of the construction machine figure 1 ;

figure 5

the detail view of section Z of the leader figure 4 ;

figure 6

the representation of section Z of the leader figure 4 in spatial representation;

figure 7

the enlarged detail of the tensioning device of the leader figure 4 ;

figure 8

the enlarged detail view of the cable attachment on the tensioning drum of the tensioning device figure 7 ;

figure 9

the schematic representation of the leader of a construction machine for special civil engineering in a further embodiment and

figure 10

the schematic representation of the leader of a construction machine for special civil engineering in a third embodiment.

The selected as an exemplary construction machine is designed as a rotary drilling rig and consists essentially of a carrier device 1, which is connected via a rocker arm 2 with a leader 3, on which a feed carriage 4 for receiving a - drilling rig - not shown - is movably arranged. A feed winch 31 is attached to the leader 3, via which the feed carriage 4 can be displaced along the leader 3 in both directions. For this purpose, an upper rope 32 and a lower rope 33 are wound on the drive winch 31 in such a way that when one of these two ropes is wound up, the other is unwound and vice versa.

The rocker 2 comprises two substantially triangular rocker plates 21 arranged parallel to one another, the corners of which are rounded. The rocker plates 21 of the rocker 2 are pivotally connected opposite each other to a corner with a part 22 of the parallel kinematics, which is pivotally mounted on the carrier device 1 . The rocker plates 21 are pivotally connected to the leader 3 opposite one another at a second corner. The third corner of each swing arm plate 21 is connected to a boom cylinder 23 mounted on the carrier 1 . At a distance from the boom cylinder 23 , in the region of the third corner of the rocker plates 21 , a support strut cylinder 24 is pivotally attached, the cylinder piston of which is pivotally attached to the leader 3 .

As in figures 1 and 4 shown, the lower cable 33 is guided along the leader 3 around two deflection rollers 34 attached to it to the feed carriage 4, where it is guided around a first deflection roller 41 attached to it via another deflection roller 34 attached to the leader 3 to a fixed point on the base of the leader 3 is. The fixed point is formed by a cable tensioning cylinder 5, which is connected to the end of the lower cable via a clamping wedge 35.

The upper rope 32 is guided along the leader via two deflection rollers 34 attached to this to the feed carriage 4, where it is guided around a second deflection roller 42 attached to this to a fixed point of the leader 3 at the head. The cable routing of the upper cable 32 and lower cable 33 around the deflection rollers 41, 42 attached to the feed carriage 4 is in figure 3 shown. As can be seen there, the two deflection rollers 41, 42 are connected to the feed carriage via spring assemblies 43.

The fixed point at the head is formed by a cable tensioner 6 . The cable tensioner 6 is in figure 2 shown. It comprises a tensioning drum 61 which is rotatably mounted in a tensioning housing 62 . The upper cable 32 is attached to the tension drum 61 by means of three cable turns, the cable end of the upper cable 32 being connected to the tension drum via a clamping wedge 611 and a clamping bolt 616 61 is connected. The width of the tensioning drum 61 is selected in such a way that there is at least one free winding to accommodate rope during a retensioning process.

The tensioning drum 61 can be locked in different rotational positions by a locking bolt 63 . The locking bolt penetrates both the tensioning housing 62 and the tensioning drum 61 mounted in it. For this purpose, a first bore pattern is introduced in the tensioning housing 62, which comprises two locking bores 621, which are offset at an angle of 150° around the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum 62 to one another are arranged. In addition, there is a second hole pattern in the tensioning drum 61, which comprises six locating holes 612, which are each arranged offset from one another by 60° around the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum 62. The two bore patterns of the tensioning drum 61 and the tensioning housing 62 allow the tensioning drum to be locked in a grid of 30°. By arranging additional locking holes 612, 621, it is possible to reduce the increment, for example by arranging two additional locking holes 621 in the clamping housing to 10°.

For the connection of tensioning elements, for example a chain hoist 8 , threaded bores 613 are also made circumferentially in the tensioning drum 61 . In figure 7 For example, a clamping eyelet screw 614 is screwed into a threaded hole 613. Furthermore, a hexagon 615 is arranged centrally in the tensioning drum shaft of the tensioning drum 61, via which the tensioning drum 61 can be rotated manually with a hexagonal key—not shown. Instead of the hexagon 615, any other suitable tool holder can also be arranged. The tension drum shaft is firmly connected to the tension drum 61.

To re-tension the feed cables 32, 33, a tensioning element, for example a chain hoist 8, is first connected and pretensioned via a tension eyelet screw 614, which is screwed into a threaded bore 613 in the tensioning drum 61. The locking pin 63 is then pulled. Above the tensioning element is now rotated the tension drum, whereby the top cable 32 is wound onto the cable drum. After the desired rope tension has been reached, the locking bolt is guided through a locking bore 621 in the tensioning housing 62 and a locking bore 612 in the tensioning drum 61 aligned with this, as a result of which the latter is locked. The clamping element can then be dismantled.

For retensioning, a gear can also be connected to the tensioning drum shaft as a tensioning element, via which retensioning by hand is possible. It is also possible to connect the tensioning drum shaft to a motor which is attached to the leader or the tensioning housing and which is used for retensioning. Automatic retensioning would also be possible via such a motor, with the motor being controlled via a control and regulating device whose input variable is the actual cable tension present and whose setpoint value is a predetermined setpoint cable tension. A sensor for detecting the cable tension can be installed to detect the actual cable tension, for example in the form of a force measuring bolt in the tension drum 61 or a sensor for detecting the bearing forces of the feed cable. Based on the measured forces, the applied cable tension can be calculated using a calculation module. Alternatively, a memory unit can also be arranged, in which cable tensions determined by individual measurements are stored and assigned to the forces determined for this purpose.

The cable tensioner 6 according to the invention can alternatively or additionally be attached as a lower cable fixed point (instead of the cable tensioning cylinder 5). The cable tensioner 6 designed in this way also makes it possible to correct the position of the feed carriage 4 on the leader 3 and, for example, to set the end position. In addition, there is the possibility of dimensioning the tensioning drum 61 in such a way that a cable store is formed. This is particularly advantageous when the leader of the construction machine is made up of segments and is adjusted depending on the work task. For example, it may be necessary to dismantle a leader segment when working under bridges. While in prior art construction machinery If a different feed rope has to be used during such a conversion, a correspondingly dimensioned tension drum 61 offers the possibility of taking up several meters of feed rope and releasing it again when the leader is reduced to a greater length.

In figure 9 a leader 3' of a further embodiment of a construction machine according to the invention is shown schematically. In this case, a drive carriage 7 is mounted in the leader 3' in a longitudinally displaceable manner, which is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 36 via which it can be displaced. The drive carriage 7 has two vertically spaced deflection rollers, a first, upper deflection roller 71 and a second, lower deflection roller 72. In this embodiment, the upper rope 32 is firmly connected to the feed carriage 4 and via a deflection roller 34 arranged at the head end of the leader and the first deflection roller 71 of the drive carriage 7 out, after which it is attached to a first fixed point 37 of the leader. The lower rope 33 is firmly connected to the feed carriage 4 opposite the upper rope 32 and is guided over a deflection roller 34 arranged at the head end of the leader and around the second deflection roller 72 of the drive carriage 7, after which it is attached to a second fixed point formed by a rope tensioner 6 is. The rope tensioner 6, which in figure 8 is only indicated symbolically, corresponds to the above with reference to figure 2 described cable tensioner 6.

The feed is initiated by the hydraulic cylinder 36, which moves the drive carriage 7 guided in the leader 3'. About the deflection rollers 71, 72, the movement of the drive carriage 7 is effected in a movement of the feed carriage 4 in the opposite direction at twice the speed. Upper cable 32 and lower cable 33 can be tightened via cable tensioner 6, which forms a fixed point.

In figure 10 a leader 3" of a third embodiment of a construction machine according to the invention is shown schematically. The leader 3" is designed as a telescopic leader with an outer leader 38 which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction on an inner leader 39 via a hydraulic cylinder 36. outside broker 38 and inner leader 39 are connected to one another via the hydraulic cylinder 36 . In this embodiment, the upper rope 32 is firmly connected to the feed carriage 4 and guided over a deflection roller 34 arranged at the head end of the outer leader 38 , after which it is attached to a first fixed point 37 of the inner leader 39 . The lower rope 33 is firmly connected to the feed carriage 4 opposite the upper rope 32 and is guided over a deflection roller 34 arranged at the base of the outer leader 38 , after which it is attached to a second fixed point which is formed by a rope tensioner 6 . The rope tensioner 6, which in figure 9 is also only symbolically indicated, in turn corresponds to the above with reference to figure 2 described cable tensioner 6.

If the inner leader 39 and the outer leader 38 are moved relative to one another via the hydraulic cylinder 36, the feed carriage 4 guided on the outer leader 38 moves at double the speed. Tensioning of the upper cable 32 and lower cable 33 is again carried out via the cable tensioner 6, which forms a fixed point.

Claims (15)

1. Construction machine for specialised civil engineering, with a leader (3), on which a feed carriage (4) is guided, which has a receptacle for an implement, in particular a drilling or pile-driving implement and which is movable along the leader (3) via a first feed cable - the upper cable - (32) and a second feed cable - the lower cable - (33) by means of a drive winch (31) or a drive cylinder (36), wherein the feed carriage (4) is connected to the feed cables (32, 33) and wherein at least one of the feed cables (32, 33) is fastened to a fixed point on the leader (3) and/or the feed carriage (4), wherein at least one fixed point is formed by a cable tensioner (6) attached to the leader (3) or the feed carriage (4), characterised in that at least one cable tensioner (6) comprises a tensioning drum (61), on which an end section of a feed cable (32, 33) with a plurality of cable windings is fastened, so that re-tensioning of the feed cable can be effected by rotation of the cable drum.
2. Construction machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the end section of the feed cable is fastened to the tensioning drum (61) with at least three cable windings.
3. Construction machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the end of the feed cable (32, 33) received by the tensioning drum (61) is fastened to the tensioning drum (61) of the cable tensioner (6) via a clamping wedge (611).
4. Construction machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the feed cables (32, 33) are wound with a first end onto a drive winch (31) or are guided via deflection rollers (71, 72) of a drive carriage (7), which is displaceable via drive cylinders, in particular a hydraulic cylinder (36), which is attached to the leader (3).
5. Construction machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least one of the feed cables (32, 33) is deflected via at least one deflection roller (41, 42) mounted on the feed carriage (4) and is fastened with its second end to a fixed point on the leader.
6. Construction machine according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the leader (3) is a telescopic leader, which comprises a first leader part - the inner leader - (39) and a second leader part - the outer leader - (38) guided thereon, as well as a hydraulic cylinder (36), via which the second leader part (38) can be displaced in the longitudinal direction along the first leader part (39), wherein the first feed cable (32) and the second feed cable (33) are each attached at one end to a fixed point of the first leader part (39) and at the other end to a fixed point of the feed carriage (4).
7. Construction machine according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the cable tensioner (6) has means for locking the tensioning drum (61) in at least one rotational position.
8. Construction machine according to claim 7, characterised in that the means for locking comprise a locking bolt (63), which can be inserted through a first positioning bore (621) of a first bore pattern of a cable tensioner housing (62) at least partially surrounding the tensioning drum (61) into a second positioning bore (612) of a second bore pattern arranged in the tensioning drum (61) and/or that the means for locking comprise a brake.
9. Construction machine according to claim 8, characterised in that the bore pattern of the cable tensioner housing and the bore pattern of the tensioning drum have different angle scales.
10. Construction machine according to claim 9, characterised in that in the cable tensioner housing (62) two positioning bores (621) are arranged at an angle of 150° to one another in relation to the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum (61) and in the tensioning drum (61) six positioning bores (612) are provided, which are arranged at an angle of 60° to one another in each case in relation to the axis of rotation of the tensioning drum (61).
11. Construction machine according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the tensioning drum (61) is connected to a motor, via which it can be driven and/or that the tensioning drum (61) is connected to a gear mechanism and/or that the tensioning drum has receptacles for mounting a chain hoist (8) or other tensioning device.
12. Construction machine according to claim 11, characterised in that the gear mechanism is a worm gear mechanism or an epicyclic gear mechanism or a cycloidal gear mechanism.
13. Construction machine according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the gear mechanism is a self-locking gear mechanism, which is designed in such a manner that it cannot be driven via the tensioning drum (6).
14. Construction machine according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the cable tensioner (6) comprises at least one sensor for detecting the applied cable tension.
15. Construction machine according to claim 14, characterised in that the sensor is connected to an evaluation and display module for displaying the current cable tension and/or to a control and regulating device, via which a motor connected to the tensioning drum (61) can be controlled and which is set up to automatically correct the cable tension by means of controlling the motor, based on a comparison of the actual cable tension values determined by the sensor with a stored target cable tension value or a stored target cable tension range and/or in that the at least one sensor for detecting the applied cable tension is a force measuring pin in the tensioning drum (61) and/or a sensor for detecting the bearing forces of the cable tensioner.

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