EP3961602A1 - Système et procédé pour fournir des instructions et alertes progressives sur un affichage de poste de pilotage - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour fournir des instructions et alertes progressives sur un affichage de poste de pilotage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3961602A1
EP3961602A1 EP21192874.2A EP21192874A EP3961602A1 EP 3961602 A1 EP3961602 A1 EP 3961602A1 EP 21192874 A EP21192874 A EP 21192874A EP 3961602 A1 EP3961602 A1 EP 3961602A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
travel surface
aircraft
turn
taxi
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21192874.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ratan Khatwa
Mohammed Ibrahim Mohideen
Vineetha CHANDRAN
Dhivagar Palanisamy
Niranjan KALYANDURG
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Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/070,212 external-priority patent/US11749127B2/en
Application filed by Honeywell International Inc filed Critical Honeywell International Inc
Publication of EP3961602A1 publication Critical patent/EP3961602A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0017—Arrangements for implementing traffic-related aircraft activities, e.g. arrangements for generating, displaying, acquiring or managing traffic information
    • G08G5/0021—Arrangements for implementing traffic-related aircraft activities, e.g. arrangements for generating, displaying, acquiring or managing traffic information located in the aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/06—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC] for control when on the ground
    • G08G5/065—Navigation or guidance aids, e.g. for taxiing or rolling

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the subject matter described herein relate generally to flight deck systems. More particularly, embodiments of the subject matter relate to a taxi navigation system in an aerial vehicle.
  • a flight deck system in an aircraft for providing progressive taxiing guidance to a destination at an aerodrome per taxi clearance information includes a controller configured to: generate a graphical insert to overlay a small portion ( e.g. , less than a third) of an active navigation display provided on a display device (e.g.
  • the graphical insert configured to provide a progressive depiction of upcoming travel surfaces (e.g ., runways, taxiways, ramp) on a cleared taxi route using stick characters and alphanumeric characters, the graphical insert comprising a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft, the non-linear map including a first map section that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section that applies a second scaling factor that is smaller than the first scaling factor, a current travel surface alphanumeric indicator, and a current travel surface stick character that is representative of a current travel surface on which the aircraft travels.
  • upcoming travel surfaces e.g ., runways, taxiways, ramp
  • the graphical insert comprising a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft, the non-linear map including a first map section that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section that applies a second scaling factor that is smaller than the first scaling factor, a current travel surface alphanumeric indicator
  • the controller is further configured to position, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a crossing travel surface sign representing a crossing travel surface that intersects the current travel surface; position, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a first-turn travel surface stick character representing a first-turn travel surface that intersects the current travel surface, wherein the first-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the current travel surface on the cleared taxi route; position, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a second-turn travel surface stick character representing a second-turn travel surface that intersects the first-turn travel surface, wherein the second-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the first-turn travel surface on the cleared taxi route; update the position of the crossing travel surface sign, the first-turn travel surface stick character, and/or the second-turn travel surface stick character as the aircraft travels on travel surfaces; and cause the graphical insert to be displayed as an overlay over the small portion of the active navigation display provided on the display device while the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • a method in a flight deck system in an aircraft for providing progressive taxiing guidance to a destination at an aerodrome per taxi clearance information includes: generating a graphical insert to overlay a small portion ( e.g ., less than a third) of an active navigation display provided on a display device (e.g ., heads down display (HDD), heads up display (HUD), electronic flight bag (EFB), tablet computer) in a cockpit of the aircraft, the graphical insert configured to provide a progressive depiction of upcoming travel surfaces (e.g ., runways, taxiways, ramp) on a cleared taxi route using stick characters and alphanumeric characters, the graphical insert comprising a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft, the non-linear map including a first map section that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section that applies a second scaling factor that is smaller than the first scaling factor, a current travel surface alphanumeric indicator, and a current travel surface stick character that is
  • the method further includes positioning, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a crossing travel surface sign representing a crossing travel surface that intersects the current travel surface; positioning, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a first-turn travel surface stick character representing a first-turn travel surface that intersects the current travel surface, wherein the first-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the current travel surface on the cleared taxi route; positioning, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a second-turn travel surface stick character representing a second-turn travel surface that intersects the first-turn travel surface, wherein the second-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the first-turn travel surface on the cleared taxi route; updating the position of the crossing travel surface sign, the first-turn travel surface stick character, and/or the second-turn travel surface stick character as the aircraft travels on travel surfaces; and causing the graphical insert to be displayed as an overlay over the small portion of the active navigation display provided on the display device while the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure may be described herein in terms of functional and/or logical block components and various processing steps. It should be appreciated that such block components may be realized by any number of hardware, software, and/or firmware components configured to perform the specified functions. For example, an embodiment of the present disclosure may employ various integrated circuit components, e.g., memory elements, digital signal processing elements, logic elements, look-up tables, or the like, which may carry out a variety of functions under the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced in conjunction with any number of systems, and that the systems described herein is merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the subject matter described herein discloses apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles for providing progressive taxi instruction to flight crew by correlating taxi clearance message and airport layout information present in an Aerodrome Mapping Database (AMDB).
  • AMDB Aerodrome Mapping Database
  • An existing TAWS/EGPWS unit may be leveraged for hosting the database and the software that generates progressive taxi instructions.
  • the apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles provided herein can rely on using the existing hardware on fielded aircraft without major modifications thereby addressing a large number of in-service aircraft.
  • the apparatus, systems, techniques and articles provided herein can: allow for voice and visual assisted progressive navigation cues for taxiing per taxi clearance instructions; utilize the EGPWS terrain raster to create a visual display of taxiway related information (graphical and textual); provide a simplified visual method of depicting upcoming taxiways; provide a picture-in-picture insertion of a simplified depiction of taxiways on a display that uses a non-linear scale compared to the rest of the display in order to provide a means to zoom in at the appropriate scale (e.g ., most fielded Nav Displays will not zoom down to scales of a 1000 ft); provide aural and visual caution alerts when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route; provide aural and visual caution (or warning) level alerts when the aircraft taxis onto a surface where it exceeds limits such as weight, wingspan and closed surfaces; and/or provide advisory level visual alerts when approaching runway incursion hotspots or other locations of interest such as parking stands and/or when the aircraft taxi speed has not
  • the flight crew may be interested in having awareness of the current taxiway and runway identifier and the upcoming turns/intersections as per the issued taxi clearance.
  • the latter includes, the distance from current location to upcoming turn so as to prepare ( e.g. , speed reduction) for the turn at the right time, the direction of turn (left/right) and the required change in heading to complete the turn.
  • the apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles provided herein can extract taxi instructions by processing the taxi clearance and airport database in reference to aircraft current location. The combination of graphical and aural instruction can help the flight crew to adhere to the issued clearance.
  • the apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles provided herein can alert the flight crew when the aircraft deviates from an expected route or enters surfaces where limitations such as wingspan or weight are exceeded.
  • the apparatus, systems, techniques and articles provided herein may also be pre-configured to generate aural and/or visual annunciation upon the aircraft reaching specific locations of interest (e.g ., low visibility points for position reporting, hold short line before crossing runways, intersections, hotspots, etc.)
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting a high-level system architecture 100 for an example taxi navigation system 102 in an aerial vehicle (e.g ., aircraft).
  • the example system architecture 100 includes the example taxi navigation system 102, a cockpit display device 104 ( e.g. , heads down display (HDD), heads up display (HUD), electronic flight bag (EFB), tablet computer, etc.), an aural alert device 106 ( e.g ., a speaker or PA system), a visual alert device 108 (e.g ., warning light or button), and an aerodrome map database (AMDB) 110.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to provide flight crew in the aerial vehicle with progressive taxiing guidance to a destination at an aerodrome per taxi clearance information during ground operations for the aerial vehicle.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 includes a controller that is configured to implement taxi navigation software to provide flight crew in the aerial vehicle with progressive taxiing guidance to a destination at an aerodrome per taxi clearance information during ground operations for the aerial vehicle.
  • the controller includes at least one processor and a computer-readable storage device or media encoded with programming instructions (e.g ., the taxi navigation software) for configuring the controller.
  • the processor may be any custom-made or commercially available processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an auxiliary processor among several processors associated with the controller, a semiconductor-based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chip set), any combination thereof, or generally any device for executing instructions.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • auxiliary processor among several processors associated with the controller
  • semiconductor-based microprocessor in the form of a microchip or chip set
  • any combination thereof or generally any device for executing instructions.
  • the computer readable storage device or media may include volatile and nonvolatile storage in read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), and keep-alive memory (KAM), for example.
  • KAM is a persistent or non-volatile memory that may be used to store various operating variables while the processor is powered down.
  • the computer-readable storage device or media may be implemented using any of a number of known memory devices such as PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (electrically PROM), EEPROMs (electrically erasable PROM), flash memory, or any other electric, magnetic, optical, or combination memory devices capable of storing data, some of which represent executable programming instructions, used by the controller.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 may be incorporated in an existing flight deck system in the aircraft (e.g. , an EGPWS system, an EFB, a tablet computer, or other systems). Alternatively, the example taxi navigation system 102 may exist in dedicated hardware on the aircraft.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 via the controller, is configured to generate a graphical insert 112 to overlay a small portion ( e.g ., less than a third) of an active navigation display 114 provided on the display device 104 in a cockpit of the aircraft.
  • the graphical insert 112 is configured to provide a progressive depiction of upcoming travel surfaces (e.g ., runways, taxiways, ramp) on a cleared taxi route using stick characters and alphanumeric characters.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is also configured to provide an aural alert 116 (e.g ., advisory, caution, or warning) via the aural alert device 106 and a visual alert 118 ( e.g ., advisory, caution, or warning) via the visual alert device 108 and/or display device 104.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is also configured to provide an aural alert 116 and/or visual alert 118 when the aircraft deviates from a cleared taxi route.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to provide an aural alert 116 and/or visual alert 118 when the aircraft travels onto a surface where the aircraft exceeds a surface limit.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to provide an aural alert 116 and/or visual alert 118 when the aircraft approaches a location of interest (such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location).
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to provide a predictive alert (e.g., an aural alert 116 and/or visual alert 118) of a potential alert condition (e.g., missed turn) that may occur based on aircraft travel characteristics (e.g., aircraft speed) derived from aircraft sensor inputs to allow a flight crew member to take appropriate action to avoid a potential alert condition.
  • a predictive alert e.g., an aural alert 116 and/or visual alert 118
  • a potential alert condition e.g., missed turn
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to provide a predictive alert (e.g., an aural alert 116 and/or visual alert 118) of a potential missed turn when the aircraft is determined to not be decelerating ahead of an upcoming turn as per the taxi clearance information to allow a flight crew member to take appropriate action before missing a turn.
  • a predictive alert e.g., an aural alert 116 and/or visual alert 118
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to receive the taxi clearance information 120 from air traffic control (via voice, digital, or manual entry), aircraft sensor inputs 122 (e.g., via GPS, IMU data) identifying a location of the aircraft on a travel surface, aerodrome mapping data 124 from the AMD 110, and digital ATIS (D-ATIS) and/or digital NOTAMS 126 containing the latest conditions at the aerodrome such as temporarily closed runways or taxiways.
  • air traffic control via voice, digital, or manual entry
  • aircraft sensor inputs 122 e.g., via GPS, IMU data
  • aerodrome mapping data 124 from the AMD 110
  • D-ATIS digital ATIS
  • digital NOTAMS 126 digital NOTAMS
  • the taxi clearance information could take a form of (a) clearance sent over datalink (CPDLC) or broadband and received in an avionics communication unit; (b) clearance entered by a pilot on an MCDU unit based on flight crew's radio communication with ATC; or (c) clearance text obtained by converting voice using any suitable speech transcription software.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is further configured to determine from the taxi clearance information 120 and the aerodrome mapping data 124 a cleared taxi route for the aircraft to follow to reach a cleared aerodrome destination.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is further configured to identify the cleared travel surfaces on the cleared taxi route.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to provide the progressive taxiing instructions using the cleared travel surfaces.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs, the taxi clearance information, and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route; and provide an aural and/or visual alert (e.g., advisory, caution, or warning) when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route.
  • an aural and/or visual alert e.g., advisory, caution, or warning
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs, the taxi clearance information, and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft travels onto a surface where the aircraft exceeds a surface limit (e.g. , one or more of weight, wingspan and the surface is closed to traffic ( e.g ., from the aerodrome map database, D-ATIS or NOTAMS)); and provide the aural and/or visual alert when the aircraft travels onto the surface where the aircraft exceeds the surface limit.
  • a surface limit e.g. , one or more of weight, wingspan and the surface is closed to traffic (e.g ., from the aerodrome map database, D-ATIS or NOTAMS)
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft approaches a location of interest (such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location); and provide the visual and/or aural alert when the aircraft approaches the location of interest (e.g. , provide a pilot with a distance to the position reporting location while approaching).
  • a location of interest such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location
  • a location of interest such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 has at least three modes of operation, namely an awareness mode, a navigation mode, and an alerting mode.
  • FIGS. 2-4 are diagrams depicting example navigation displays, each with a graphical insert for one of the three operating modes provided as a picture-in-picture insert by the example taxi navigation system 102.
  • a runway incursion hotspot may include areas not visible from a control tower and complex geometries at the intersection of surfaces such as crossing runways and taxiways, taxiway/taxiway intersections, taxiway intersection with runway in close proximity to another runway, and others.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting a graphical insert 202 for a navigation display 204 provided as a picture-in-picture insert by the example taxi navigation system 102 when the example taxi navigation system 102 operates in an awareness mode.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to cause the graphical insert 202 to be displayed as an overlay over a small portion ( e.g ., less than a third) of the active navigation display 204 provided on the display device while the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • the awareness mode is aimed at helping flight crew avoid spatial disorientation while taxiing.
  • provided graphical and/or aural instruction can help flight crew to know "where I am right now" and "what is ahead of me”.
  • the current taxiway 208 is depicted in a black square symbol consistent with real-world taxiway signage. This could aid flight crew in navigating against the clearance that was noted based on radio communication with ATC. As an alternate scheme of assisting flight crew, the current runway/taxiway identifier can be annunciated, for example, by press of a button in the flight deck.
  • the graphical insert 202 comprises a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft represented by an aircraft symbol 206.
  • the non-linear map includes a first map section 203 that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section 205 that applies a second scaling factor that is smaller than the first scaling factor, a current travel surface alphanumeric indicator 208, and a current travel surface stick character 210 that is representative of a current travel surface on which the aircraft travels.
  • the current travel surface stick character 210 include tick marks 207 and numeric indicators 209 indicative of a distance in front of the aircraft in both the first map section 203 and the second map section 205.
  • the graphical insert 202 further provides one or more travel surface signs 212 adjacent to the current travel surface stick character 210 for identifying potential upcoming turns (e.g., two travel surface signs for the next two potential upcoming turns wherein the placement (left or right) of a travel surface sign 212 relative to travel surface stick character 210 indicates the direction (left or right) of the taxiway/runway physical location relative to the travel surface), wherein each travel surface sign 212 identifies an upcoming travel surface onto which the aircraft may exit the current travel surface 210.
  • the graphical insert 202 is scaled differently to the rest of the navigation display 204 to allow depiction at current range selections on the navigation display 204. This mode may rely on a weight-on-wheels input to indicate ground operations and be provided at groundspeeds below 40 kts to prevent depiction during the take-off roll.
  • FIG. 2 depicted in FIG. 2 is an illustration of an aural alert that may be provided by the example taxi navigation system 102 when in the awareness mode.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 provides an aural alert 214 indicating that the aircraft is on the "Echo" travel surface.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to position, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, the crossing travel surface signs 212 representing crossing travel surfaces that intersects the current travel surface.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to update the position of the crossing travel surface signs 212 as the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • To position the crossing travel surface signs 212 the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to position, on the graphical insert 202, the crossing travel surface signs 212 to intersect the current travel surface stick character 210 at the position based on the tick marks and the applicable scaling factor that is proportional to an actual distance of the crossing travel surface to the front of the aircraft, when the crossing travel surface is within the area covered by the non-linear map.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting a graphical insert 302 for a navigation display 304 provided as a picture-in-picture insert by the example taxi navigation system 102 when the example taxi navigation system 102 operates in a navigation mode.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 correlates taxi clearance (e.g., received CPDLC messages or clearance messages manual keyed in by flight crew using an input device such as the MCDU) and airport layout information to generate progressive taxi instruction.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 determines if the taxi clearance data received from ATC is valid and if valid, determines the aircraft current position with respect to the aerodrome map database.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 also determines the next step to be performed to get to the desired location on the airport surface. The determined next step may be annunciated aurally and is also sent to the display unit, in a graphical insert 302, for example, as a "matchstick representation" using ASCII protocol on a terrain display.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to cause the graphical insert 302 to be displayed as an overlay over a small portion ( e.g. , a third or less) of the active navigation display 304 provided on the display device while the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • the graphical insert 302 comprises a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft represented by an aircraft symbol 306.
  • the non-linear map includes a first map section 303 that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section 305 that applies a second scaling factor that is smaller than the first scaling factor, a current travel surface alphanumeric indicator 308, and a current travel surface stick character 310 that is representative of a current travel surface on which the aircraft travels.
  • the current travel surface stick character 310 including tick marks 307 and numeric indicators 309 indicative of a distance in front of the aircraft in both the first map section 303 and the second map section 305.
  • the graphical insert 302 further provides travel surface stick characters 312, 313 for identifying a plurality of turns ( e.g. , the next two turns) in the cleared taxi route, and the destination 315 for the cleared taxi route.
  • depicted is an illustration of an aural alert that may be provided by the example taxi navigation system 102 when in the navigation mode.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 provides an aural alert 314 indicating that the aircraft is on the "Echo" travel surface and indicating the next turn for the aircraft of the cleared traffic route.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is further configured to provide a predictive alert (e.g. , an aural and/or visual alert) of a potential alert condition (e.g. , missed turn) that may occur based on aircraft travel characteristics (e.g. , aircraft speed) derived from aircraft sensor inputs to allow a flight crew member to take appropriate action to avoid the potential alert condition.
  • a predictive alert e.g. , an aural and/or visual alert
  • a potential missed turn when the aircraft is determined to not be decelerating ahead of an upcoming turn as per the taxi clearance information to allow a flight crew member to take appropriate action before missing the turn.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to position, on the graphical insert 302 based on an applicable scaling factor, the first-turn travel surface stick character 312 representing a first-turn travel surface that intersects the current travel surface, wherein the first-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the current travel surface on the cleared taxi route.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to position, on the graphical insert 302 based on an applicable scaling factor, a second-turn travel surface stick character 313 representing a second-turn travel surface that intersects the first-turn travel surface, wherein the second-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the first-turn travel surface on the cleared taxi route.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to update the position of the first-turn travel surface stick character 312, and the second-turn travel surface stick character 313 as the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to position, on the graphical insert 302, the first-turn travel surface stick character 312 to intersect the current travel surface stick character 310 at the position based on the tick marks and the applicable scaling factor that is proportional to an actual distance of the first-turn travel surface to the front of the aircraft, when the first-turn travel surface is within the area covered by the non-linear map.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to position, on the graphical insert, the second-turn travel surface stick character 313 to intersect the first-turn travel surface stick character 312 at the position based on the applicable scaling factor that is proportional to an actual distance of an intersecting point between the second-turn travel surface and the first-turn travel surface, when the second-turn travel surface is within the area covered by the non-linear map. Any hold short line that is present between aircraft current location and next intersection or between first intersection and second intersection can also be depicted.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting a graphical insert 402 for a navigation display 404 provided as a picture-in-picture insert by the example taxi navigation system 102 when the example taxi navigation system 102 operates in an alerting mode.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 is configured to cause the graphical insert 402 to be displayed as an overlay over a small portion ( e.g ., a third or less) of the active navigation display 404 provided on the display device while the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • the graphical insert 402 comprises a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft represented by an aircraft symbol 406.
  • the non-linear map includes a first map section 403 that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section 405 that applies a second scaling factor that is smaller than the first scaling factor, a current travel surface alphanumeric indicator 408, a current travel surface stick character 410 that is representative of a current travel surface on which the aircraft travels, and the aerodrome destination 313 for the cleared taxi route.
  • the current travel surface stick character 410 including tick marks 407 and numeric indicators 409 indicative of a distance in front of the aircraft in both the first map section 403 and the second map section 405.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 also monitors the speed of the aircraft and alerts if there is a probability of missing an upcoming turn. This will aid in the flight crew correcting the path in a timely manner rather than getting too far to correct the path.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 also generates aural and visual alerts when the pilot deviates from cleared route, violates weight and wingspan limitations, or enters a closed surface (taxiway or runway).
  • depicted is an illustration of an aural alert that may be provided by the example taxi navigation system 102 when in the alerting mode.
  • the example taxi navigation system 102 provides an aural alert 414 indicating that the aircraft is on the "Wrong Taxiway".
  • the current travel surface alphanumeric indicator 408 may be visually displayed in a manner to indicate that the aircraft is traveling on the wrong travel surface (e.g ., displayed in a different color, such as red, to indicate travel surface disagreement).
  • the graphical insert 402 may cease to display travel surface stick characters for upcoming turns.
  • a visual indication 411 such as CHK CLR (for check clearance), may also be presented
  • FIG. 5 is a process flow chart depicting an example process 500 in an example taxi navigation system 102 for providing progressive taxiing guidance.
  • the order of operation within the process 500 is not limited to the sequential execution as illustrated in the figure, but may be performed in one or more varying orders as applicable and in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the example process 500 includes determining the aircraft intent (e.g ., position, heading) (operation 502) and monitoring the current aircraft position with respect to the airport map (operation 504), which can be retrieved from an airport map database 505.
  • determining the aircraft intent e.g ., position, heading
  • monitoring the current aircraft position with respect to the airport map operation 504
  • the example process 500 includes determining whether a CPDLC message (or other source such as broadband) has been received from a communication management unit (CMU) (decision 506), and if yes at operation 506, parsing the CPDLC message based on the standard representation and inferring the designated route for the destination (operation 508).
  • CMU communication management unit
  • the example process 500 includes determining if the pilot entered a designated route (e.g ., through a controller) for the destination received (decision 510). If yes at decision 510, the example process 500 includes parsing the pilot entered message and inferring the designated route for the destination (operation 512).
  • the example taxi navigation system is in a navigation mode and the example process 500 includes determining the current position of the aircraft with respect to the airport using the aircraft position and airport map; and from the route information through the CMU feed, mapping the aircraft position to the route; and generating aural and visual annunciations for navigation guidance (operation 516).
  • a voice database 515 may be accessed for voice vocabulary.
  • the example taxi navigation system is in an awareness mode and the example process 500 includes determining the current position of the aircraft with respect to the airport using the aircraft position and the airport map and performing the following: generating aural annunciation of the taxiway that the current aircraft is ON, if it is on a taxiway; generating a textual annunciation of the taxiway; and generating textual annunciation of the upcoming left/right turns to taxiway/runway (operation 514).
  • the voice database 515 may be accessed for voice vocabulary.
  • the example process 500 includes continuously monitoring the aircraft position with respect to the airport map and continuing navigation/situational awareness processing (operation 518) and monitoring the current aircraft position with respect to the airport map (operation 504).
  • the example process 500 includes determining if the current taxiway the aircraft is ON is different than the intended taxiway (decision 520). If yes at decision 520, the example process 500 includes annunciating an aural message such as 'Taxiway Disagree' and highlighting the current taxiway on the display in red (operation 522). If no at decision 520, the example process 500 includes determining if the aircraft is close to an upcoming taxi turn and not decelerating adequately (decision 524). If yes at decision 524, then the example process 500 includes annunciating an aural message 'Turn Left/Right' 'Turn Left/Right' and highlight the upcoming taxiway on the display in yellow (operation 526). If no at decision 524, then the example process 500 includes continuously monitoring the aircraft position with respect to the airport map and continuing navigation/situational awareness processing (operation 518) and monitoring the current aircraft position with respect to the airport map (operation 504).
  • aural message such as 'Taxiway Disagree'
  • Described herein are apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles for providing progressive taxi instruction to the crew by correlating taxi clearance message and airport layout information present in an Aerodrome Mapping Database (AMDB).
  • AMDB Aerodrome Mapping Database
  • a flight deck system in an aircraft for providing progressive taxiing guidance to a destination at an aerodrome per taxi clearance information comprises a controller configured to: generate a graphical insert to overlay a small portion (e.g ., less than a third) of an active navigation display provided on a display device (e.g ., heads down display (HDD), heads up display (HUD), electronic flight bag (EFB), tablet computer) in a cockpit of the aircraft, the graphical insert configured to provide a progressive depiction of upcoming travel surfaces (e.g ., runways, taxiways, ramp) on a cleared taxi route using stick characters and alphanumeric characters, the graphical insert comprising a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft, the non-linear map including a first map section that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section that applies a second scaling factor that is smaller than the first scaling factor, a current travel surface alphanumeric indicator, and a
  • the controller is further configured to position, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a crossing travel surface sign representing a crossing travel surface that intersects the current travel surface; position, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a first-turn travel surface stick character representing a first-turn travel surface that intersects the current travel surface, wherein the first-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the current travel surface on the cleared taxi route; position, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a second-turn travel surface stick character representing a second-turn travel surface that intersects the first-turn travel surface, wherein the second-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the first-turn travel surface on the cleared taxi route; update the position of the crossing travel surface sign, the first-turn travel surface stick character, and/or the second-turn travel surface stick character as the aircraft travels on travel surfaces; and cause the graphical insert to be displayed as an overlay over the small portion of the active navigation display provided on the display device while the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • the controller may be further configured to: receive the taxi clearance information from air traffic control (e.g., via voice, digital, or manual entry), aircraft sensor inputs identifying a location of the aircraft on a travel surface, and aerodrome mapping data; determine from the taxi clearance information and the aerodrome mapping data the cleared taxi route; travel surface current status (e.g ., closed runway, closed taxiway) from sources such as the aerodrome mapping data, Digital ATIS or Digital NOTAMS; and identify a plurality of cleared travel surfaces on the cleared taxi route including the first-turn travel surface and the second-turn travel surface.
  • air traffic control e.g., via voice, digital, or manual entry
  • aircraft sensor inputs identifying a location of the aircraft on a travel surface
  • aerodrome mapping data e.g., via voice, digital, or manual entry
  • travel surface current status e.g ., closed runway, closed taxiway
  • sources e.g ., Digital ATIS or
  • the controller may be further configured to: determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs, the taxi clearance information, and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route; and provide an aural and/or visual alert (e.g ., advisory, caution, or warning) when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route.
  • an aural and/or visual alert e.g ., advisory, caution, or warning
  • the controller may be further configured to: determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs, the taxi clearance information, and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft travels onto a surface where the aircraft exceeds a surface limit (e.g., one or more of weight, wingspan and the surface is closed to traffic); and provide the aural and/or visual alert when the aircraft travels onto the surface where the aircraft exceeds the surface limit.
  • a surface limit e.g., one or more of weight, wingspan and the surface is closed to traffic
  • the controller may be further configured to: determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft approaches a location of interest (such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location); and provide the visual alert when the aircraft approaches the location of interest.
  • a location of interest such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location
  • the controller may be configured to position, on the graphical insert, the crossing travel surface sign to intersect the current travel surface stick character at the position based on the applicable scaling factor that is proportional to an actual distance of the crossing travel surface to the front of the aircraft, when the crossing travel surface is within the area covered by the non-linear map.
  • the controller may be configured to position, on the graphical insert, the first-turn travel surface stick character to intersect the current travel surface stick character at the position based on the applicable scaling factor that is proportional to an actual distance of the first-turn travel surface to the front of the aircraft, when the first-turn travel surface is within the area covered by the non-linear map.
  • the controller may be configured to position, on the graphical insert, the second-turn travel surface stick character to intersect the first-turn travel surface stick character at the position based on the applicable scaling factor that is proportional to an actual distance of an intersecting point between the second-turn travel surface and the first-turn travel surface, when the second-turn travel surface is within the area covered by the non-linear map.
  • the graphical insert may comprise a plurality of display modes wherein in a first mode (an awareness mode), the graphical insert provides a current travel surface indicator and one or more travel surface signs adjacent to the current travel surface stick character for identifying upcoming turns ( e.g. , two travel surface signs for the next two upcoming turns), wherein each travel surface sign identifies an upcoming travel surface onto which the aircraft may exit the current travel surface.
  • a first mode an awareness mode
  • the graphical insert provides a current travel surface indicator and one or more travel surface signs adjacent to the current travel surface stick character for identifying upcoming turns (e.g. , two travel surface signs for the next two upcoming turns), wherein each travel surface sign identifies an upcoming travel surface onto which the aircraft may exit the current travel surface.
  • the graphical insert may provide the current travel surface alphanumeric indicator, travel surface stick characters for identifying a plurality of turns (e.g., the next two turns) in the cleared taxi route, and the destination for the cleared taxi route.
  • the controller may provide a predictive alert (e.g ., an aural and/or visual alert) of a potential alert condition (e.g. , missed turn) that may occur based on aircraft travel characteristics (e.g ., aircraft speed) derived from aircraft sensor inputs to allow a flight crew member to take appropriate action to avoid the potential alert condition.
  • a predictive alert e.g ., an aural and/or visual alert
  • aircraft travel characteristics e.g ., aircraft speed
  • the controller may provide a predictive alert (e.g. , an aural and/or visual alert) of a potential missed turn when the aircraft is determined to not be decelerating ahead of an upcoming turn as per the taxi clearance information to allow a flight crew member to take appropriate action before missing a turn.
  • a predictive alert e.g. , an aural and/or visual alert
  • the graphical insert visually may display the current travel surface alphanumeric indicator in a manner to indicate travel surface disagreement and, to gain flight crew attention, ceases to display the travel surface stick characters for upcoming turns.
  • a method in a flight deck system in an aircraft for providing progressive taxiing guidance to a destination at an aerodrome per taxi clearance information comprises: generating a graphical insert to overlay a small portion (less than a third) of an active navigation display provided on a display device (e.g ., heads down display (HDD), heads up display (HUD), electronic flight bag (EFB), tablet computer) in a cockpit of the aircraft, the graphical insert configured to provide a progressive depiction of upcoming travel surfaces (e.g ., runways, taxiways, ramp) on a cleared taxi route using stick characters and alphanumeric characters, the graphical insert comprising a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft, the non-linear map including a first map section that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section that applies a second scaling factor that is smaller than the first scaling factor, a current travel surface alphanumeric indicator, and a current travel surface stick character that is representative of
  • the method may further comprise: receiving the taxi clearance information from air traffic control (e.g., via voice, digital, or manual entry), aircraft sensor inputs identifying a location of the aircraft on a travel surface, and aerodrome mapping data; determining from the taxi clearance information and the aerodrome mapping data the cleared taxi route; determining travel surface current status (e.g ., closed runway, closed taxiway) from sources such as the aerodrome mapping data, Digital ATIS or Digital NOTAMS; and identifying a plurality of cleared travel surfaces on the cleared taxi route including the first-turn travel surface and the second-turn travel surface.
  • air traffic control e.g., via voice, digital, or manual entry
  • aircraft sensor inputs identifying a location of the aircraft on a travel surface
  • aerodrome mapping data e.g., via voice, digital, or manual entry
  • determining from the taxi clearance information and the aerodrome mapping data the cleared taxi route e.g., closed runway, closed taxiway
  • travel surface current status e.g ., closed runway, closed taxi
  • the method may further comprise: determining, using the aircraft sensor inputs, the taxi clearance information, and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route; providing an aural and/or visual alert (e.g. , advisory, caution, or warning) when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route; determining, using the aircraft sensor inputs, the taxi clearance information, and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft travels onto a surface where the aircraft exceeds a surface limit (e.g ., one or more of weight, wingspan and the surface is closed to traffic); providing the aural and/or visual alert when the aircraft travels onto the surface where the aircraft exceeds the surface limit; determining, using the aircraft sensor inputs and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft approaches a location of interest (such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location); and providing the visual alert when the aircraft approaches the location of interest.
  • a location of interest such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand
  • the graphical insert may comprise a plurality of display modes wherein in a first mode, the graphical insert provides a current travel surface indicator and one or more travel surface signs adjacent to the current travel surface stick character for identifying upcoming turns, wherein each travel surface sign identifies an upcoming travel surface onto which the aircraft may exit the current travel surface.
  • a second mode e.g., a navigation mode
  • the graphical insert may provide the current travel surface alphanumeric indicator, travel surface stick characters for identifying a plurality of turns (e.g., the next two turns) in the cleared taxi route, and the destination for the cleared taxi route.
  • the graphical insert may visually display the current travel surface alphanumeric indicator in a manner to indicate travel surface disagreement and, to gain flight crew attention, ceases to display the travel surface stick characters for upcoming turns and/or displays a visual indication that indicates possible travel surface disagreement.
  • the graphical insert may provide a predictive alert (e.g. , an aural and/or visual alert) of a potential alert condition (e.g ., missed turn) that may occur based on aircraft travel characteristics (e.g ., aircraft speed) derived from aircraft sensor inputs to allow a flight crew member to take appropriate action to avoid the potential alert condition.
  • the graphical insert may provide a predictive alert (e.g ., an aural and/or visual alert) of a potential missed turn when the aircraft is determined to not be decelerating ahead of an upcoming turn as per the taxi clearance information to allow a flight crew member to take appropriate action before missing a turn.
  • a predictive alert e.g ., an aural and/or visual alert
  • non-transitory computer readable media encoded with programming instructions configurable to cause a processor in a flight deck system in an aircraft to perform a method for providing progressive taxiing guidance to a destination at an aerodrome per taxi clearance information.
  • the method comprises: generating a graphical insert to overlay a small portion (e.g ., less than a third) of an active navigation display provided on a display device (e.g ., heads down display (HDD), heads up display (HUD), electronic flight bag (EFB), tablet computer) in a cockpit of the aircraft, the graphical insert configured to provide a progressive depiction of upcoming travel surfaces (e.g ., runways, taxiways, ramp) on a cleared taxi route using stick characters and alphanumeric characters, the graphical insert comprising a non-linear map with non-linear scaling of an area in front of the aircraft, the non-linear map including a first map section that applies a first scaling factor, a second map section that applies a second scaling factor that is
  • the method further comprises positioning, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a crossing travel surface sign representing a crossing travel surface that intersects the current travel surface; positioning, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a first-turn travel surface stick character representing a first-turn travel surface that intersects the current travel surface, wherein the first-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the current travel surface on the cleared taxi route; positioning, on the graphical insert based on an applicable scaling factor, a second-turn travel surface stick character representing a second-turn travel surface that intersects the first-turn travel surface, wherein the second-turn travel surface is the next travel surface after the first-turn travel surface on the cleared taxi route; updating the position of the crossing travel surface sign, the first-turn travel surface stick character, and/or the second-turn travel surface stick character as the aircraft travels on travel surfaces; and causing the graphical insert to be displayed as an overlay over the small portion of the active navigation display provided on the display device while the aircraft travels on travel surfaces.
  • a flight deck system in an aircraft for providing a flight crew with ground path guidance to a destination at an aerodrome (e.g., progressive taxiing instruction per taxi clearance information via a graphical insert on a navigation display HDD that provides a simplified depiction of upcoming taxiways).
  • an aerodrome e.g., progressive taxiing instruction per taxi clearance information via a graphical insert on a navigation display HDD that provides a simplified depiction of upcoming taxiways.
  • the flight deck system comprises a controller configured to: receive the taxi clearance information from ATC (via voice, digital, or manual entry), aircraft sensor inputs identifying a location of the aircraft on a taxiway, and aerodrome mapping data; determine from the taxi clearance information and the aerodrome mapping data a cleared taxi route; identify a plurality of cleared taxiways on the cleared taxi route; and generate a graphical display for insertion ( e.g ., picture in picture insertion) on a navigational display, wherein the graphical display depicts a current taxiway on which the aircraft is traveling and a non-linear scale in a direction of aircraft travel.
  • the graphical display provides a current taxiway indicator and a plurality of taxiway signs adjacent to the non-linear scale for identifying upcoming turns (e.g. , two taxiway signs for the next two upcoming turns), wherein each taxiway sign identifies an upcoming taxiway onto which the aircraft may exit the current taxiway.
  • the graphical display provides the current taxiway indicator, taxiway signs for identifying a plurality of turns (e.g., the next two turns) in the cleared taxi route, and the destination for the cleared taxi route.
  • the graphical display provides the current taxiway indicator displayed visually in a manner to indicate taxiway disagreement and, to gain flight crew attention, ceases to display the taxiway signs for an upcoming turn.
  • the controller is further configured to determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs, the taxi clearance information, and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route; provide an aural and/or visual caution alert when the aircraft deviates from the cleared taxi route; determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs, the taxi clearance information, and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft travels onto a surface where the aircraft exceeds a surface limit including one or more of weight, wingspan and the surface is closed to traffic; provide an aural and/or visual caution or warning alert when the aircraft travels onto the surface where the aircraft exceeds the surface limit; determine, using the aircraft sensor inputs and the aerodrome mapping data, when the aircraft approaches a location of interest (such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location); and provide an advisory level visual alert when the aircraft approaches the location of interest.
  • a location of interest such as a runway incursion hotspot, a parking stand, or a position reporting location
  • Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of a system or a component may employ various integrated circuit components, e.g ., memory elements, digital signal processing elements, logic elements, look-up tables, or the like, which may carry out a variety of functions under the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices.
  • integrated circuit components e.g ., memory elements, digital signal processing elements, logic elements, look-up tables, or the like, which may carry out a variety of functions under the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g ., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • a software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC may reside in a user terminal.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
EP21192874.2A 2020-08-31 2021-08-24 Système et procédé pour fournir des instructions et alertes progressives sur un affichage de poste de pilotage Pending EP3961602A1 (fr)

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IN202011037451 2020-08-31
US17/070,212 US11749127B2 (en) 2020-08-31 2020-10-14 System and method to provide progressive taxi instructions and alerts on cockpit display

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