EP3956915A1 - Appareil de commutation - Google Patents

Appareil de commutation

Info

Publication number
EP3956915A1
EP3956915A1 EP19739933.0A EP19739933A EP3956915A1 EP 3956915 A1 EP3956915 A1 EP 3956915A1 EP 19739933 A EP19739933 A EP 19739933A EP 3956915 A1 EP3956915 A1 EP 3956915A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
state
switching device
contact
movable element
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19739933.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Strobl
Andreas Eismann
Walter Felden
Zoltan FONO
Oliver Ibisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3956915A1 publication Critical patent/EP3956915A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/161—Variable impedances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/30—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device.
  • Switching arcs occur when AC or DC circuits are opened, closed or commutated. These switching arcs typically emit the energy released in appropriate extinguishing devices until the arc extinguishes. Conventional electrical switches try to control the switching arcs that occur. Especially with the increasing number of direct current applications in which there is no current zero crossing, this is associated with any amount of technical effort.
  • an electric current can be switched through a semiconductor switch without switching arcs, which requires complex control electronics and in which no reliable galvanic separation is usually guaranteed.
  • Low-voltage switching devices typically perform protective functions.
  • one of these protective functions is formed by an overcurrent release.
  • This overcurrent release ensures that the circuit is interrupted in the event of a fault.
  • the response time of the overcurrent release can be in the range of seconds.
  • tripping must happen very quickly.
  • the trigger threshold must typically be very finely adjustable.
  • ETUs ETUs
  • TMTUs TMTUs
  • MTUs Electro Trip Unit, Thermo Mechanical Trip Unit, Magnetic Trip Unit
  • the switching device with an ON state, an OFF state for opening, closing or commutating a circuit between a first contact and a second contact and further intermediate states between the ON and OFF state comprises a controllable resistance element, which is electrically arranged between the first contact and the second contact, wherein in the ON state the Wegge advises is closed and open in the OFF state, the state of the by means of a mechanical transit movement
  • Switching device is changed, the transit movement being carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop at any point in time is smaller than the ignition voltage of an arc and thereby the switching energy is dissipated in the controllable resistance element in the form of electrical power loss, and with overcurrents below one Overcurrent threshold value is transferred to an intermediate state by the transit movement, so that an electrical see attenuation is introduced into the circuit without interrupting it.
  • Such a switching device provides additional intermediate switching states in addition to the two switching states ON and OFF, namely switching states in which the circuit is damped in a defined manner.
  • the intermediate state is left and the ON state is assumed.
  • the circuit in the event of an overcurrent above the overcurrent threshold value, the circuit is forced to open (OFF state).
  • the transit movement is adjusted by a control.
  • coils are provided on the controllable resistance element for the electro-mechanical drive against a spring.
  • the controllable resistance element comprises a movable element and a fixed element, the movable element being essentially cylindrical in shape, the fixed element being essentially hollow-cylindrical, the movable element being designed to be immersed in the fixed element and can be moved against this, with a first contact system attached to the movable element and a second contact system attached to the fixed element, depending on the electrical contact between the movable element and the fixed element, and the linear transit movement of the distance between the first contact system and the second contact system is changed, whereby the division of the current path between the movable element and the fixed element changes.
  • a first coil is at the bottom of the hollow cylinder-shaped fixed element and a second, corresponding coil is arranged at the first end of the cylinder-shaped moving element, the two coils repelling each other when energized, with the opposite, second At the end of the cylinder-shaped movable element, a spring pushes the movable element in the direction of the first coil and thus in the direction of the ON state.
  • the switching device further comprises a sensor for measuring the temperature of the controllable resistance element or the main current path.
  • the switching device is for
  • FIG. 1 Electric switch with adjustable resistance element
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B electrical resistance of the electrical switch according to the invention
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C electrical switch with adjustable resistance element in the ON state, intermediate state and OFF state;
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G, 4H, 41, 4J transit movement of the electrical switch according to the invention between the ON state and the OFF state;
  • FIG. 1A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E, 5F switching device with controllable resistance element and coils and spring;
  • Figure 6A and 6B damping of a circuit with fiction, contemporary switching device and switching states of the switching device
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B Another embodiment of a controllable resistance element.
  • the electrical switch 100 comprises an ON state and an OFF state for opening, closing or commutating a circuit.
  • a first contact 110 and a second contact 120 are provided, between which the circuit is switched ge.
  • the electrical switch 100 comprises a controllable resistance element 200, which is electrically arranged between the first contact 110 and the second contact 120.
  • the electrical switch 100 is in the ON state closed and open in the OFF state. The switching process, the transition from the ON state to the OFF state and vice versa, takes place by means of a mechanical transit movement T of the controllable resistance element 200.
  • the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is increased by means of the transit movement T and the transit movement T is carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop at any point in time is less than the ignition voltage of an arc and thereby the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 comprises a movable element 210 and a stationary element 220, the movable element 210 being essentially cylindrical and the stationary element being essentially hollow cylinder-shaped.
  • the movable element 210 can dip into the stationary element 220 and be moved against it.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 comprises a first contact system 310 on the fixed element 220 and a second contact system 320 on the movable element 210, in each case for electrical contacting between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220.
  • a linear transit movement T changes the distance between the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320, as a result of which the distribution of the current path between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220 changes.
  • the fixed element 220 can include galvanic isolation 230, so that in the OFF state the first contact 110 is galvanically separated from the second contact 120.
  • the galvanic separation can also take place via the doping of the controllable resistance element 200 itself.
  • Figure 2A the chain of electrical resistances of the electrical switch 100 is shown. It is a series connection of electrical resistors, starting from the electrical resistance at the second contact 120 R_Cu2 via the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 R_SiC and the electrical resistance of the galvanic insulation 230 R_Iso to the first contact 110 with the resistance R_Cul.
  • the electrical resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is shown plotted against the deflection of the mechanical transit movement T.
  • the first contact 110 is galvanically isolated from the second contact 120 with an electrical resistance for small positions greater than 1MQ (Mega Ohm).
  • 1MQ Mega Ohm
  • the electrical switch 100 is in the OFF state.
  • the resistance decreases after crossing the isolation zone 230, until the adjustable resistance element has an electrical resistance of less than 100 mW (micro ohms). In this position, the electrical switch is in the ON state.
  • the electrical switch 100 shown from the ON state to the OFF state.
  • the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is increased by means of a linear transit movement T of the movable element 210, the transit movement T being carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop at any point in time is less than the ignition voltage of an arc and thus the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss.
  • the electrical switch 100 is in the ON state.
  • the electrical current flows from the first contact 110 via the first contact system 310 to the movable element 210 and further via the second contact system 320 to the second contact 120.
  • the movable element 210 is made of copper, for example, the total resistance of the electrical switch is in the ON position in the range of less than IOOmW (micro ohms).
  • the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 are formed by contact springs, for example canted coil springs from Bai Seal Engineering.
  • the movable element 210 is now moved to the left as shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
  • FIG 3C the electrical switch 100 is shown in the OFF state.
  • the movable element 210 was moved further to the left as shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
  • the second contact system 320 was moved beyond the galvanic isolation 230, so that the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 are both in the zone of the first contact 110.
  • a current flow occurs only due to a leakage current galvanic isolation, since the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is greater than 1MQ (Mega Ohm).
  • the controllable resistance element 200 has a first zone 221 which is made, for example, of copper and has a high conductivity.
  • the stationary element 220 is immersed in this first zone 221, so that the current flows through the face of the movable element 210 and the zone 221 with low conductivity of the controllable resistance element 200 due to the slightest resistance.
  • the movable element 210 has a termination 211 which can also be made of copper and thus has a low conductivity. The current therefore flows from the first contact 110 via the termination 211 and the movable element 210.
  • the movable element 210 is now moved further to the left, the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 are moved towards each other and the current flows through the controllable resistance element 200 itself. As the movement continues, the division of the current path between the movable one changes Element 210 and the stationary element 220.
  • the second contact system 320 reaches the zone of galvanic isolation 230. If the second contact system 320 is now completely in the zone of galvanic isolation 230, the switch is open and a current flow is no longer possible. In the end position of the movable element 210 In the illustration of FIG. 4J, the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 are in the zone of the first contact 110.
  • the electrical switch 100 can have at least one third contact, a potential being commutated between these at least three contacts.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 in particular its stationary element 220, can be produced from a conventional materi al or from a dopable semiconductor material.
  • Silicon carbide SiC
  • SiC Silicon carbide
  • silicon carbide can be doped and its electrical properties can therefore be set from 0.1 to 109 ⁇ cm (ohm centimeters).
  • Silicon carbide is also resistant to high temperatures, it is resistant to oxidation up to 1600 ° C and the decomposition temperature is over 2700 ° C.
  • Silicium carbide is also a very good conductor of heat.
  • the increase in the resistance of the controllable resistance elements 200 can be done by changing the active length, shape, arrangement or doping.
  • the current path within the controllable resistance element 200, or the division of the current path between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220, is changed by the transit movement T.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5D show the switching device 1000 according to the invention in its various intermediate states.
  • the switching device 1000 can not only have an ON state and an OFF state for opening, closing or commutating a circuit between a first contact 110 and a second contact 120 Assume state, special other intermediate states, whereby in the ON state the switching device and thus the circuit is closed and in the OFF state open.
  • the switching device 1000 has a controllable resistance element 200, which is electrically arranged between the first contact 110 and the second contact 120.
  • the status of the switching device 1000 is changed by means of a mechanical transit movement T.
  • the transit movement T is carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop at any point in time is smaller than the ignition voltage of an arc and, as a result, the switching energy is dissipated in the controllable resistance element 200 in the form of electrical power loss.
  • controllable resistance element 200 In the event of overcurrents below an overcurrent threshold value, the controllable resistance element 200 is transferred to an intermediate state by the transit movement T, so that electrical damping is introduced into the circuit without interrupting it.
  • the switching device 1000 is initially in the ON state.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 comprises a movable element 210 and a stationary element 220, the movable element 210 being essentially cylindrical and the stationary element 220 being essentially hollow-cylindrical.
  • the movable element 210 is designed to be immersible in the fixed element 220 and can be moved against it.
  • a first contact system 310 is provided on the movable element 210 and a second contact system 320 on the stationary element 220 on the controllable resistance element 200.
  • These contact systems 310; 320 are provided for electrical contact between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220 existing.
  • the linear transit movement T changes the distance between the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320, whereby the division of the current path between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220 changes. This is shown in the sequence of FIGS. 5A to 5F.
  • the second contact system 320 is moved towards the first contact system 310 and the current path changes in such a way that an ever larger proportion flows over the fixed element 220 of the controllable resistance element 200.
  • the set intermediate state can be exited and the switching device 1000 can return to the ON state.
  • the electrical switching device 1000 would not be triggered, but would only be temporarily transferred to an intermediate state.
  • the switching device 1000 can open the circuit, i.e. switch it to OFF. State to be forced.
  • the transit movement T can take place by means of an electromechanical drive.
  • a first coil 520 is provided on the bottom of the hollow cylindrical fixed element 220 and at the first end of the cylindrical movable element 210 a second, corresponding coil 510, which repel each other when energized.
  • a spring 600 is arranged at the second end of the cylinder-shaped movable element 210, which presses the movable element 210 in the direction of the first coil 520 and thus in the direction of the ON state.
  • the energization of the first and second coil 520; 510 can be carried out by means of a regulation which thus regulates the transit movement T and sets the desired intermediate state or also the ON state or OFF state of the controllable resistance element 200.
  • no sensor for measuring the tempera ture of the controllable resistance element 200 or the tempera ture of the main current path can be provided on the switching device 1000 .
  • the control can adjust the controllable resistance element 200 according to the measured temperature and, if necessary, transfer the switching device 1000 to the OFF state, so that no more current can flow.
  • the switching device 1000 is provided for switching an alternating or direct current.
  • the switching device 1000 is Darge presents with four different intermediate states with the resistors RI, R2, R3 and R4.
  • the resistor R4 is very much larger than the resistor R3, this is much larger than the resistor R2 and this is greater than the resistor RI.
  • the adjustable resistance element 200 will dampen the circuit by means of the set resistance.
  • FIG. 6B clearly explains the sequence of the electrical resistances of the controllable resistance element 200: starting from the ON state with low resistance, discrete electrical resistances RI, R2, R3, R4, ..., RN can be set.
  • the electrical resistance of the OFF state is above the maximum resistance RN.
  • the resistance values in this embodiment are designed continuously and can be controlled continuously.
  • the detection of the overcurrent and the deflection of the regulatable resistance element 200 can also take place by a corresponding arrangement of the main contacts without additional coil bodies, or by additional measuring devices. This fulfills the function of a thermal release.
  • the temperature can also be measured at certain points in the controllable resistance element 200 or on the main current path for smaller currents. If the temperature exceeds a certain threshold, the moving contact system changes its position via a corresponding deflection mechanism, for example a bimetal, and the resistance is further increased. This reduces the current.
  • a corresponding deflection mechanism for example a bimetal
  • Such a system can represent both a function of Druckgerä tes 1000 that protects the equipment connected in the circuit, or it can also be a kind of self-protection of the device to ensure that the controllable resistance element 200 or parts of the current path are overloaded.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B A further embodiment of a controllable resistance element 200 is shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B.
  • uniform resistance elements 701 are connected in series with first connection area 702 and second connection area 703.
  • Isolation elements 705 are arranged between the resistance elements 701, so that the series connection takes place via the electrical contacting of adjacent connection surfaces 702, 703.
  • Resistance elements 701 are designed as broken hollow disks with a first connection surface 702 and a second connection surface 703.
  • the movable element 210 with the second contact system 320 runs inside the resistance elements 701, the movable element 210 with the second contact system 320 runs.
  • the opening and closing are analogous to the first or second opening guidance by means of a transit movement T, the transit movement T being carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop at any point in time is less than the ignition voltage of an arc and thereby the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de commutation (1000) présentant un état MARCHE, un état ARRÊT pour ouvrir, fermer ou commuter un circuit électrique entre un premier contact (110) et un deuxième contact (120) et des états intermédiaires supplémentaires entre l'état MARCHE et l'état ARRÊT, et comprenant un élément résistance (200) réglable, qui est monté électriquement entre le premier contact (110) et le deuxième contact (120). À l'état MARCHE l'appareil de commutation (1000) est fermé et à l'état ARRÊT cet appareil de commutation est ouvert, l'état de l'appareil de commutation (1000) étant modifié au moyen d'un mouvement de transition (T) mécanique, ce mouvement de transition (T) étant réalisé de manière que la chute de tension effective à chaque instant soit inférieure à la tension d'allumage d'un arc électrique, l'énergie de commutation dans l'élément résistance (200) réglable étant dissipée sous la forme de pertes en puissance électrique. En présence de surintensités sous une valeur seuil de surintensité lors du mouvement de transition (T), l'élément résistance (200) réglable passe à un état intermédiaire, de manière qu'une atténuation électrique soit introduite dans le circuit électrique sans engendrer d'interruption.
EP19739933.0A 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Appareil de commutation Pending EP3956915A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2019/067628 WO2021001017A1 (fr) 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Appareil de commutation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3956915A1 true EP3956915A1 (fr) 2022-02-23

Family

ID=67297134

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19739933.0A Pending EP3956915A1 (fr) 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Appareil de commutation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3956915A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021001017A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021200648B4 (de) 2021-01-26 2024-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Schalter mit einem regelbaren Widerstandselement

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8890019B2 (en) * 2011-02-05 2014-11-18 Roger Webster Faulkner Commutating circuit breaker
EP3031062B1 (fr) * 2013-08-05 2018-12-12 Innolith Assets AG Commutateur de commutation doté d'un semi-conducteur bloquant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2021001017A1 (fr) 2021-01-07

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