EP3956521B1 - Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne off shore. - Google Patents

Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne off shore. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3956521B1
EP3956521B1 EP20733338.6A EP20733338A EP3956521B1 EP 3956521 B1 EP3956521 B1 EP 3956521B1 EP 20733338 A EP20733338 A EP 20733338A EP 3956521 B1 EP3956521 B1 EP 3956521B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tower foundation
tower
wind turbine
sea
foundation
Prior art date
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Application number
EP20733338.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3956521A1 (fr
Inventor
Johnny Soerensen
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
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Publication of EP3956521A1 publication Critical patent/EP3956521A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/02—Restraining of open water
    • E02D19/04—Restraining of open water by coffer-dams, e.g. made of sheet piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/02—Caissons able to be floated on water and to be lowered into water in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E02D27/04—Flat foundations in water or on quicksand
    • E02D27/06—Floating caisson foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/10—Deep foundations
    • E02D27/22—Caisson foundations made by starting from fixed or floating artificial islands by using protective bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B63B21/502—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers by means of tension legs
    • B63B2021/504—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers by means of tension legs comprising suppressors for vortex induced vibrations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for assembling an offshore wind turbine, such as generally known from document GB 2 451 191 A .
  • the upper parts of an offshore wind turbine like a tower, a nacelle, several blades etc. are supported or held by a tower foundation of the wind turbine.
  • the tower foundation typically is typically situated at the ground of the sea and stands out above the sea level. So far, several tower foundation concepts have been developed. Which tower foundation concept is the best for a certain offshore wind turbine typically depends on the size and the weight of the wind turbine and on specific conditions of the location where the wind turbine will be installed, like the water depth and the state of the sea ground.
  • One of these concepts is the monopile foundation concept, wherein one central pile extends into the sea ground and supports the remaining parts of the wind turbine. This concept is typically used at locations with a medium water depth, a sand-clay seabed and for medium size wind turbines.
  • jacket structure concept Another concept is the jacket structure concept, wherein several smaller piles extend into the ground of the sea and a jacket structure which holds the tower is attached to and held by the piles.
  • the jacket structure concept is typically used for deep water depth up to several tenth of meters and larger wind turbines. It is suitable for different seabed conditions.
  • Another concept is the gravity base structure concept, wherein a heavy tower foot consisting of steel reinforced concrete rests on the seabed and is held in position mainly by its own gravitational force. This concept is suitable for all water depths which are typical for offshore wind turbines, and also for larger wind turbines.
  • the gravity base structure is typically capable to absorb relatively high load bearings.
  • the wind turbine inter alia comprises a tower foundation with at least one hollow ballast chamber, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
  • the ballast chamber is an empty section or room of the tower foundation adapted to be filled with ballast material.
  • the ballast material increases the total mass of the tower foundation without changing the total volume of the tower foundation. If the tower foundation is arranged in water, this causes a change in the buoyancy or lifting force of the tower foundation.
  • the target position is the location on the sea or ocean where the offshore wind turbine is supposed to be installed or built.
  • the target position or location can be in an area of an offshore wind park.
  • the construction site is preferably located at the coast close to the target position. Hence, fabricating the tower foundation can be done locally and such that no long transportation routes are required.
  • the barrier prevents water from flooding or streaming into the construction site during the fabrication process of the tower foundation. After the tower foundation has been fabricated, the barrier is opened or removed allowing water, in particular from the sea, to stream into the dry dock-like construction site. Since the at least one ballast chamber is in the unloaded state, the buoyancy of the tower foundation is large enough leading the tower foundation to swim or float on the surface of the sea water or, in other words, sea level.
  • the buoyancy of the tower foundation can either be large enough such that it floats on its own or with the additional help of buoyancy means like pontoons.
  • the buoyancy means increase the total buoyancy of the tower foundation which is the sum of the buoyancy of the tower foundation itself and the additional buoyancy provided by the buoyancy means.
  • the floating tower foundation is towed or dragged to the target position.
  • the sea can preferably be accessed directly from the flooded construction site.
  • the tower foundation can be connected with the vessel or tug boat or other suitable water vehicle, e.g. by ropes, right at the place where the tower foundation has been fabricated. Hence, the tower foundation can be transported from its fabrication location to the target position exclusively on a seaway. Countryside transportation means are not necessary at all.
  • the total buoyancy of the tower foundation is decreased by loading or filling the at least one ballast chamber with ballast material. Additionally, if provided, the buoyancy means are disconnected from the tower foundation. Once the force of gravity of the tower foundation exceeds the buoyancy force of the tower foundation, the tower foundation will start sinking down to the sea ground. After finishing the loading process of the ballast chamber, there is enough ballast material within the ballast chamber of the tower foundation so that the gravitational force of the tower foundation is large enough, such that it permanently or safely rests on the sea ground. Especially the expected sea current, in particular caused by tidal movements or storms, is not strong enough to remove the tower foundation from the target position or to overthrow the tower foundation or wind turbine, respectively.
  • a section of the tower foundation is located above the sea level if the tower foundation rests on the sea ground, wherein the tower or a tower section of the wind turbine with other components like a nacelle and several blades can be attached to the section of the tower foundation which is located above the sea level.
  • installing the tower or tower section can already be performed while the tower foundation is still located at the dry dock-like construction site, preferably before the dry dock-like construction site is flooded. Then, the tower foundation stabilizes the wind turbine when being transported or towed to the target position.
  • the present invention allows an offshore wind turbine, in particular the tower foundation, to be installed with comparably low effort and costs.
  • an offshore wind turbine in particular the tower foundation
  • the tower foundation has only to be towed to the target position and the ballast chamber has to be filled with ballast material.
  • a standard tug boat or vessel can be used for installing the tower foundation.
  • the hollow structure of the tower foundation allows the tower foundation to be designed without strict limitations.
  • the dimensions of the tower foundation can be selected from a wide range without making the tower foundation, since it swims or floats on the sea level, too heavy to be towed to the target position.
  • the area of the tower foundation, which is supposed to get in contact with the sea ground can be enlarged, allowing to install the respective tower foundation at target positions with non-optimal seabed conditions.
  • the sea ground comprises a flexible and soft structure
  • the dimensions of the tower foundation can be chosen large enough such that the tower foundation safely rests on the sea ground. Due to this wide range of possible sizes and geometries of the tower foundation, the tower foundation according to the present concept can even be installed on target positions with large water depths, i.e. up to 40 meters and more.
  • the assembling of the tower foundation can comprise the following steps:
  • the tower foundation consists of at least two parts.
  • One of these two parts namely the base section, preferably comprises the larger part of the mass of the tower foundation. Since the base section is in contact with the seabed, the centre of mass of the tower foundation is located in the lower part of the tower foundation causing it to safely rest on the sea ground.
  • the other part of the tower foundation namely the support section, acts as a transition piece between the base section and the tower of the wind turbine.
  • the support section partially extends above the sea level.
  • the tower can be attached to the support section without being in direct contact with or submerged into the seawater.
  • the assembling of the base section and/or the assembling of the support section may comprise the casting of, preferably steel reinforced, concrete components.
  • the tower foundation can be provided as a modular system consisting of base sections with different and support section with equal dimensions.
  • the base sections can comprise equally dimensioned attaching sections for being attached with the support section.
  • the base section can be adapted to the present conditions on the target position like water depth or sea ground conditions, wherein the transition piece provides a uniform interface between the base section and the tower.
  • the assembling of the base section may comprise the following steps:
  • the tower skirt is preferably a ring-like structure, whose outer circumference equals the outer circumference of the foot part of a base section.
  • the tower skirt is constructed to be pressed into the sea ground or sea bed, in particular by the gravitational force of the wind turbine.
  • the tower skirt causes the tower foundation and, hence, the wind turbine to safely stand on the sea ground.
  • the foot part preferably comprises a cylindrical and disc-like shape, but can be also conic or cubic or prismatic or the like.
  • the foot part preferably comprises at least one of the at least one ballast chambers.
  • the pedestal preferably comprises a conic and hollow structure.
  • the pedestal may comprise a circular hole or opening at its uppermost position.
  • the geometrical shape of the pedestal can be a truncated and hollow cone.
  • the support section is preferably also a conical or cylindrical body. The lower end of the support section can be received by the hole of the pedestal and preferably stands on the foot part.
  • the remaining empty or hollow space within the pedestal forms at least one of the at least one ballast chambers of the tower foundation.
  • the assembling of the support section comprises inserting components, in particular electrical and/or mechanical components, preferably a transformer and/or a converter and/or a cable and/or a control devices and/or a switch gear, of the wind turbine into the support section.
  • the equipment is typically positioned in the tower or in a separate transition piece between the tower foundation and the tower. Having these components inside the tower foundation reduces the complexity of the tower and provides a simplified way to protect these components from the environment, in particular during the transportation of the respective components to the target position.
  • the whole electrical equipment of the wind turbine that was installed in the tower previously may in this manner be pre-installed into the support section.
  • the tower foundation can comprise at least one waterproof storage chamber to house the components of the wind turbine. Since, in this embodiment, the tower foundation comprises a hollow space acting as the ballast chamber and another hollow space to house the components of the wind turbine, the tower foundation can also be called “hybrid tower foundation” or “hybrid gravity foundation”.
  • an embankment-like structure in particular a dam, or a floodgate can be used as the barrier. If the embankment-like structure is provided, the construction site or dry dock can be excavated before the tower foundation is fabricated there. To flood the construction site, an excavator can be used to at least partially remove the embankment-like structure allowing water to flood the dry dock, thus lifting the tower foundation.
  • the dry dock can be used several times to fabricate a plurality of tower foundations for several wind turbines, in particular for an offshore wind park.
  • the floodgate can be opened to allow water to flood the dry dock and to lift the tower foundation.
  • the floodgate can be closed and the water can be pumped from the construction site back into the sea. After this, another tower foundation can be fabricated at the construction site.
  • seabed material is used as the ballast material.
  • heavy and dense concrete objects or rocks or the like have been used to secure the tower foundation.
  • a heavy tower foundation has to be transported from the countryside to the target position.
  • the seabed material can be pumped from the sea ground to the vessel and from the vessel to the tower foundation.
  • a pumping apparatus can be provided which comprises a suction unit which can be remotely controlled from the vessel, a pump which is located on the vessel, a first conduit or hose to transfer the seabed material from the sea ground to the vessel, and a second conduit or hose to transfer the seabed material from the vessel to the tower foundation.
  • the second conduit can be connected with the ballast chamber by a loading inlet of the tower foundation.
  • seabed material from the vicinity of the target position is pumped into the tower foundation.
  • the seabed material does not or not completely originate from the vicinity of the target position, but can be transported to the tower foundation from a position which is, e.g. between several hundred metres and several kilometres, away from the target position.
  • the seabed material can be pumped from the sea ground to the vessel using further ship.
  • the seabed material is transferred from the sea ground to the further ship by the first conduit.
  • the seabed material can be pumped from the further ship to the vessel via a pipeline.
  • the seabed material is transferred from the vessel to the tower foundation via the second conduit.
  • Respective pumps can be located on the further ship and/or on the vessel.
  • a seabed material from the target position of an adjacent tower foundation is used.
  • the seabed material can already have been removed from a previously prepared target position of the adjacent tower foundation, which is supposed to be the tower foundation of an adjacent wind turbine.
  • the target position of the adjacent tower foundation is prepared for positioning the adjacent tower foundation by removing the seabed material from this position and creating a pit in the sea ground adapted to receive the adjacent tower foundation.
  • the process of removing seabed material from the adjacent target position to the tower foundation synergistically provides ballast material for the tower foundation and prepares the target position of the adjacent tower foundation. This further obviates the need to transport seabed material from tower foundation target positions for larger distances.
  • the disclosure relates to a tower foundation for an offshore wind turbine, wherein the tower foundation comprises at least one ballast chamber adapted to be loaded with ballast material, wherein, if the at least one ballast chamber is unloaded, a buoyancy of the tower foundation caused by the empty, in particular air-filled ballast chamber is large enough to allow the tower foundation to float, wherein, if the at least one ballast chamber is loaded, the buoyancy of the tower foundation is small enough to allow the tower foundation to permanently rest on the sea ground and to be connected to a tower of the wind turbine to support components of the wind turbine located above the sea level. All features of the method according to the present invention and the explained advantages also apply to the tower foundation as disclosed hereinafter.
  • the tower foundation or the ballast chamber, respectively, can be of a closed design, where the hollow ballast chamber is sealed and waterproof to protect water from flooding or entering into the ballast chamber, especially during towing the tower foundation to its target position.
  • the tower foundation or ballast chamber can comprise a top open design.
  • the lateral side walls of the ballast chamber are high enough to prevent water from flowing into the tower foundation or ballast chamber, respectively, when the tower foundation is floating or swimming.
  • the tower foundation floats like a ship or nutshell on the surface of the sea.
  • the interior of the tower foundation in particular the or a base section and/or the or a support section, comprises at least one storage chamber adapted to house components of the wind turbine.
  • At least one of the at least storage chamber or storage section can be waterproof, hence, independent of whether the tower foundation is floating or resting on the sea ground, no water can enter into the respective storage chamber.
  • at least one of the at least storage chambers can be located above the sea level when the tower foundation rests on the sea ground.
  • the storage chamber can, in particular, house electrical components of the wind turbine, for example transformers, converters, cables and/or control devices. Additionally or alternatively, switch gears and/or cooling components of the wind turbine and/or components of an elevator of the wind turbine can be housed in the storage chamber. Since these components are located in the tower foundation, in particular in the support section, the structure of the tower, which previously housed these components, is simplified. In particular, the tower can be transported to the target position and stored with very limited or even no special requirements with respect to electrical components.
  • the components of the wind turbine can be placed inside the storage chamber even before the tower foundation has been towed to and installed at the target position.
  • the principles to provide a modulated storing structure as described in WO 2018/133965 and DE 10 2016 219 413 A1 can be applied in this example.
  • the tower foundation according to the present teaching can comprise several compartments, wherein at least one of the compartments is the at least one ballast chamber and/or at least one of the compartments forms the or a storage chamber.
  • the foot part can comprise several compartments, optionally interconnected with each other allowing the ballast material to flow from one compartment to the other.
  • the foot part can be hollow, i.e. it can comprise only one large ballast chamber being the empty space inside of the hollow foot part.
  • the tower foundation comprises at least one loading inlet to insert the ballast material into the tower foundation.
  • the loading inlet can be connected to the second conduit.
  • the loading inlet and/or the respective conduit can comprise adapters which are adapted to be connected with each other.
  • the at least one loading inlet is connected with the at least one ballast chamber by one or a system of pipes.
  • the pipes guide the ballast material into the at least one ballast chamber.
  • filling the ballast material into the ballast chamber can be done in the scope of only one work step, i.e. no re-plugging is needed to load several ballast chambers of the tower foundation.
  • the at least one loading inlet is preferably provided on the support section of the tower foundation. In this illustrative example, the loading inlet is still located above the sea level even if the tower foundation has already sunk down to the sea ground, and can be unplugged without much effort.
  • the tower foundation can comprise an entrance, preferably comprising a door. This reduces the complexity of the design of tower of the wind turbine even more.
  • a service deck around the tower can be provided allowing staff to enter the wind turbine via the entrance.
  • the service deck and/or the entrance can be directly accessed by the vessel.
  • the service deck can comprise a boat landing station for the vessel.
  • Fig. 1 shows an offshore wind turbine 1.
  • the offshore wind turbine 1 comprises a tower foundation 2, wherein a tower 3 of the wind turbine 1 is attached to the tower foundation 2.
  • a nacelle 4 with rotor blades 5 is provided on top of the tower 2 .
  • Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of the assembling process of the offshore wind turbine 1 according to the method according to the present invention.
  • Figures 3 to 15 show details concerning the assembling process of fig. 2 .
  • step S1 a construction site 6, which is close to the sea 7, is provided to fabricate the tower foundation 2.
  • the construction site 6 is located in a coastal area which is not far away from a target position 26 where the offshore wind turbine 1 is supposed to be installed.
  • the target position 26 can be positioned within the area of an already existing or planned offshore wind park.
  • step S2 the construction site 6 is excavated leading to a dry dock-like construction site 6, which is located below the sea level 8 and separated from the sea 7 by a barrier 9.
  • the barrier 9 is an embankment-like structure 10, especially a dam.
  • a floodgate can be used as the barrier 9.
  • step S3 a ring-like tower skirt 11 of the tower foundation 2 is casted.
  • step S4 a cylindrical and disk-like foot part 12 of the tower foundation 2 is casted on top of the tower skirt 11.
  • step S5 a conic and hollow pedestal 13 is casted on top of the foot part 12.
  • the tower skirt 11, the foot part 12 and the pedestal 13 form a base section 14 of the tower foundation 2.
  • the base section 14, in particular its components 11, 12, 13, consists of steel reinforced concrete.
  • the tower foundation 2 furthermore comprises a cylindrical support section 15.
  • the support section 15 is assembled and stands on top of the base section 14.
  • the pedestal 13 comprises a circular opening at its uppermost end, where the lower part of the support section 15 is arranged.
  • the support section 15 consists of casted and steel reinforced concrete.
  • step S7 components 16 of the wind turbine 1 are inserted into the support section 15. Details regarding the components 16 are displayed in fig. 16 , where the tower foundation 2 is displayed together with an enlarged view of the components 16. A cross section along the line XVII-XVII through the tower foundation 2 of fig. 16 is shown in fig. 17 .
  • the cylindrical support section 15 is hollow and comprises a storage chamber 17 to house the components 16.
  • the components 16 are stored in the storage chamber 17 on several platforms 18.
  • the components 16 are components 19 of an elevator of the wind turbine 1, control devices 20 of the wind turbine 1, switchgear components 21 of the wind turbine 1 and cables 22.
  • the components 16 are typically housed within the tower 3, which makes it complicated to transport and to install the tower 3 on the tower foundation 2. Already inserting the components 16 into the tower foundation 2 on the construction site 6 simplifies the design of the tower 3 and the installation process of the wind turbine 1.
  • step S8 the embankment-like structure 10 or barrier 9, respectively, is at least partially removed or opened to allow water 23 from the sea 7 to flood the construction site 6.
  • an excavator or other suitable means can be used.
  • the construction site 6 can be flooded by opening the floodgate.
  • the tower foundation 2 comprises ballast chambers 24, 25 which are empty or filled with air, respectively, while the construction site 6 is flooded with water 23.
  • the ballast chamber 24 is the empty space defined by the inside surface of the pedestal 13 and the outer surface of the lower part of the support section 15.
  • the ballast chamber 25 is the hollow space inside the foot part 12 of the base section 14. Since the ballast chambers 24, 25 are waterproof, no water can enter the ballast chambers 24, 25 during step S8. This ensures that the tower foundation 2 is floating on the sea 7 instead if sinking down.
  • step S9 the floating tower foundation 2 is towed to the target position 26 on the sea 7 by a vessel 27.
  • the tower foundation 2 can be attached with the vessel 27 by a rope 28 or another suitable towing means.
  • ballast chambers 24, 25 of the tower foundation 2 are loaded or filled with ballast material 29.
  • the ballast material 29 in the ballast chambers 24, 25 is indicated by a shaded area.
  • Fig. 12 and 13 show alternative ways to load the ballast chambers 24, 25 with the ballast material 29.
  • the ballast material 29 is seabed material 30 originating from the sea ground 31.
  • the seabed material 30, which consists typically of sand, gravel, mud or the like, is pumped into the ballast chambers 24, 25 by a pumping apparatus 32.
  • the pumping apparatus 32 consists of a suction unit 33 located on the sea ground 31 to collect the seabed material 30 at the sea ground 31.
  • the pumping apparatus 32 furthermore consists of a pump 34 which is located on the vessel 27.
  • a pump 34 which is located on the vessel 27.
  • seabed material 30 from the vicinity of the target position 26 can be used. However, in some cases it can be useful to use seabed material 30 originating from another location of the sea ground 31. For example, if a plurality of wind turbines are to be in-talled, e.g. in ranges between 50 meters to 10 kilometers from each other, seabed material 30 from a target position 42 of an adjacent tower foundation of an adjacent wind turbine can be used as ballast material 29 for the tower foundation 2.
  • a pumping apparatus 37 as shown in fig. 13 allows to transport seabed material 30 to the target position 26 of the tower foundation 2, even over a distance of several kilometres. Like the pumping apparatus 32 shown in fig.
  • the pumping apparatus 37 in fig. 13 comprises a suction unit 33 on the sea ground 31 to collect seabed material 30 from the sea ground 31.
  • the seabed material is transferred to a further ship 38 via a first conduit 35.
  • the further ship 38 is, like the target position 42 of the adjacent tower foundation where the seabed material 30 is collected, at a distance to the target position 26 of, for example, 50 metres to 10 kilometres.
  • the seabed material 30 is sucked in by the suction unit 33 via a first pump 39 located on the further ship 38.
  • a second pump 41 of the pumping apparatus 37 is provided on the vessel 27 to transport the seabed material 30 from the further ship 38 to the vessel 27 via a pipeline 40.
  • the seabed material 30 is transferred from the vessel 27 to the tower foundation 2 by the second pump 41 via a second conduit 36.
  • the seabed material 30, which is collected at the target position 42 of the adjacent tower foundation, is used as the ballast material 29 leading the tower foundation 2 to sink down, as will be described later on in more detail.
  • the removal of the seabed material 30 from the target position 42 of the adjacent tower foundation prepares this target position 42 for the process of installing the adjacent tower foundation.
  • the tower foundation 2 comprises a loading inlet 43 to load the ballast material 29 into the ballast chambers 24, 25.
  • the loading inlet 43 is a connector, socket or adapter adapted to be connected with the second conduit 36.
  • An end section of the second conduit 36 and the loading inlet 43 can be attached to each other by clamping or screwing or the like.
  • the ballast material 29 is transferred from the loading inlet 43 to the ballast chambers 24, 25 via a system 44 of pipes 45.
  • these ballast chambers 24, 25 can be loaded with ballast material only by connecting the second conduit 36 with the loading inlet 43 and pumping the seabed material 30 into the system 44 of pipes 45. No re-plugging or the like is necessary for this working step.
  • fig. 14 corresponds to the step 511.
  • the buoyancy of the tower foundation 2 is reduced causing the tower foundation 2 to finally sink down into the sea 7 until it permanently rests on the sea ground 31 at its target position 26.
  • these ballast chambers 24, 25 are mainly empty or filled only with air.
  • the buoyancy of the tower foundation 2 is large enough leading the tower foundation 2 to float on the sea level 8 or the surface of the sea 7.
  • Buoyancy means like pontoons or the like also be used to support the floating of the tower foundation 2.
  • ballast material 29 is pumped into the ballast chambers 24, 25 leading the tower foundation 2 to permanently rest on the sea ground 31.
  • expected tidal forces or sea current are not able to relocate or overthrow the tower foundation 2 or wind turbine 1.
  • the seabed material 30 may have a lower density compared to rocks or the like, which in previous systems have been used stabilize tower foundations, the ballast chambers 24, 25 can be dimensioned large enough such that the additional gravitational force of the ballast material 29 is sufficiently strong to ensure a permanent resting of the tower foundation 2 in the target position 26.
  • ballast material like rocks or the like do not have to be transported from the shore to the offshore wind turbine 1.
  • advantageously already present seabed material 30 is used.
  • the tower foundation 2 is further stabilized at its target position 26 by the geometrical shape of the tower foundation. Because of the conical base section 14, the centre of mass of the tower foundation 2 is located at a low position. In addition, the tower skirt 11 is pressed into the sea ground 31 by the gravitational force of the tower foundation 2. The tower foundation 2 is further stabilized by the fact that the area of the base section 14 which is in contact with the sea ground 31 can be dimensioned large enough that, even in the case that the composition and structure of the sea ground 31 is not stable, the tower foundation 2 safely stands at its target position 26.
  • step S12 the tower 3 of the wind turbine 1 is installed on the tower foundation 2 or the support section 15, respectively, and the wind turbine 1 is finished by mounting the remaining components like the nacelle 4 and the blades 5 etc.
  • installing the remaining parts of the wind turbine 1 on the tower foundation 2 can be performed even before the tower foundation is towed to the target position 26 and still located at the construction site 6.
  • This step can be performed before step 9 or, preferably, before step 8.
  • the tower foundation 2 stabilizes the wind turbine 1 when being transported or towed to the target position 26.
  • the tower foundation 2 namely the upper part of the support section 15, where the components 16 are located, is positioned above the sea level.
  • the support section 15 of the tower foundation 2 comprises an entrance 46 with a door 47 allowing staff to access the wind turbine 1 at the level of the components 16.
  • entrances are typically provided at the towers of wind turbines, which typically consist of steel or the like. Providing the entrance on the casted concrete tower foundation 2 leads to a reduction of the complexity of the tower 3.
  • Fig. 18 shows a tower foundation 2 of a second embodiment of a wind turbine 1.
  • the tower foundation 2 also comprises a base section 14 and a support section 15, however, the tower foundation 2, namely the support section 15, comprises several compartments 48, wherein the compartments 48 are open at the top.
  • This causes the tower foundation 2 to float on the sea level 8 like a boat or nutshell, wherein, when the compartments 48, which act as the ballast chambers 24, 25, are filled with ballast material 29, the tower foundation 2 will sink down into the sea 7 causing the compartments 48 to be flooded with water 23.
  • compartments 48 can also be waterproof or, in other words, closed at the top, wherein some of the compartments 48 can be used as ballast chambers 24, 25 and other compartments 48 can be used as storage chambers 17.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne offshore (1),
    dans lequel l'éolienne (1) comprend une fondation de tour (2) comprenant au moins une chambre de ballast creuse (24, 25), dans lequel le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :
    - assemblage de la fondation de tour (2) sur un site de construction sec de type quai (6), dans lequel le site de construction (6) est situé sous le niveau de la mer (8) et est séparé de la mer (7) par une barrière (9),
    - lancement de la fondation de tour (2) à la mer (7) en enlevant ou en ouvrant, au moins partiellement, la barrière (9) et/ou en déversant de l'eau dans le site de construction (6), ce qui amène l'inondation du site de construction (6)
    - installation d'une tour (3) de l'éolienne (1) sur la fondation de tour (2), tant que la fondation de tour est située dans le site de construction sec de type quai (6) ou sur la position visée (26),
    - remorquage de la fondation de tour (2) flottante à une position visée (26) en mer (7) par un navire (27), caractérisé par les étapes de
    - chargement de la au moins une chambre de ballast (24, 25) de la fondation de tour (2) avec de la matière de ballast (29) faisant que la fondation de tour (2) plonge jusqu'à reposer en permanence sur le fond marin (31),
    dans lequel on utilise la matière constituant le plancher sous-marin (30) en tant que matière de ballast (29).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage de la fondation de tour (2) comprend les étapes suivantes :
    - assemblage d'une section de base (14) de la fondation de tour (2), et
    - assemblage d'une section de support (15) de la fondation de tour (2) au sommet de la section de base (14),
    dans lequel, si la fondation de tour (2) a été remorquée à la position visée (26) et que la chambre de ballast (24, 25) est chargée, la section de base (2) est prête à reposer sur le fond marin (31) et la section de support (15) est prête à pouvoir se positionner au sommet de la section de base (14) et à être raccordée à la tour (3) de l'éolienne (1).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage de la section de base (14) comprend les étapes suivantes :
    - descente d'une embase de tour (11),
    - descente d'une partie formant pied (12) au sommet de l'embase de tour (11), et
    - descente d'un piédestal (13) au sommet de la partie formant pied (12) apte à stabiliser la section de support (15) au sommet de la section de base (14).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que l'assemblage de la section de support (15) comprend l'insertion des composants (16) de l'éolienne (1), en particulier des composants électriques et/ou mécaniques, de préférence d'un transformateur et/ou d'un variateur et/ou d'un câble et/ou de dispositifs de commande et/ou d'un appareillage de connexion, dans la section de support (15).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise en tant que barrière (9) une structure de type embarcadère (10), en particulier un barrage, ou une porte de décharge.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la matière constituant le plancher sous-marin (30) est pompée du fond marin (31) au navire (27) et du navire (27) à la fondation de tour (2).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la matière constituant le plancher sous-marin (30) est pompée du fond marin (31) au navire (27) via un autre bâtiment (38).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que c'est la matière constituant le plancher sous-marin (30) venant de la position visée (42) d'une fondation de tour adjacente qu'on utilise.
EP20733338.6A 2019-07-18 2020-04-30 Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne off shore. Active EP3956521B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19187004.7A EP3767035A1 (fr) 2019-07-18 2019-07-18 Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne en mer, fondation d'une tour d'une éolienne en mer et éolienne en mer
PCT/EP2020/062118 WO2021008748A1 (fr) 2019-07-18 2020-04-30 Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne en mer, fondation de tour pour une éolienne en mer, et éolienne en mer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3956521A1 EP3956521A1 (fr) 2022-02-23
EP3956521B1 true EP3956521B1 (fr) 2023-10-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19187004.7A Withdrawn EP3767035A1 (fr) 2019-07-18 2019-07-18 Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne en mer, fondation d'une tour d'une éolienne en mer et éolienne en mer
EP20733338.6A Active EP3956521B1 (fr) 2019-07-18 2020-04-30 Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne off shore.

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EP19187004.7A Withdrawn EP3767035A1 (fr) 2019-07-18 2019-07-18 Procédé d'assemblage d'une éolienne en mer, fondation d'une tour d'une éolienne en mer et éolienne en mer

Country Status (4)

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EP (2) EP3767035A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3956521T3 (fr)
TW (1) TWI807197B (fr)
WO (1) WO2021008748A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113775478B (zh) * 2021-09-06 2023-03-10 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 施工沉槽结构、海上风机及基础制造方法
KR20220058860A (ko) * 2021-10-28 2022-05-10 박규리 풍력발전용 선박

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0713990D0 (en) * 2007-07-18 2007-08-29 Chambers Peter R Mountings
NO328838B1 (no) * 2008-06-20 2010-05-25 Seatower As Anordning og fremgangsmate ved vindgenerator
NO329946B2 (no) * 2008-08-14 2011-01-31 Olav Olsen As Dr Techn Fundament for en vindturbingenerator til havs samt fremgangsmåte for bygging og installasjon av fundamentet
US8647017B2 (en) * 2011-02-09 2014-02-11 Ausenco Canada Inc. Gravity base structure
US9611837B2 (en) * 2011-03-17 2017-04-04 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Apparatus for accessing the nacelle of a wind turbine and associated methods
GB2493720A (en) * 2011-08-15 2013-02-20 Ove Arup & Partners Internat Ltd Gravity foundation for an offshore structure
DE102016219413A1 (de) 2016-10-06 2018-04-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Baueinheit für eine Windenergieanlage
WO2018133965A1 (fr) 2017-01-18 2018-07-26 Siemens Wind Power A/S Unité électrique pour éolienne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK3956521T3 (da) 2023-11-27
EP3956521A1 (fr) 2022-02-23
TWI807197B (zh) 2023-07-01
WO2021008748A1 (fr) 2021-01-21
TW202111206A (zh) 2021-03-16
EP3767035A1 (fr) 2021-01-20

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