EP3947504A1 - Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam block of a thermal insulation mass of a vessel, and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam block of a thermal insulation mass of a vessel, and preparation process thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP3947504A1 EP3947504A1 EP20723452.7A EP20723452A EP3947504A1 EP 3947504 A1 EP3947504 A1 EP 3947504A1 EP 20723452 A EP20723452 A EP 20723452A EP 3947504 A1 EP3947504 A1 EP 3947504A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- foam
- block
- polyurethane
- polyisocyanurate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 224
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 206
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ASLWPAWFJZFCKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,3-dichloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)OP(=O)(OC(CCl)CCl)OC(CCl)CCl ASLWPAWFJZFCKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)CBr)OCC(Br)CBr PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000413 arsenic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002594 arsenic trioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007973 cyanuric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)CCl)OC(C)CCl KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012796 inorganic flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diarsenic trioxide Chemical compound O1[As](O2)O[As]3O[As]1O[As]2O3 KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 4
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 aromatic isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CC(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AATNZNJRDOVKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethoxy(ethyl)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OCC AATNZNJRDOVKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKWTVSLWAPBBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N a1010_sial Chemical compound O=[As]O[As]=O IKWTVSLWAPBBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDWQLICBSFIDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound CCC(F)(F)F KDWQLICBSFIDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXRRAZIZHCWBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1(CN=C=O)CCCCC1 QXRRAZIZHCWBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFZJGFIKQCCLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1C[N+](C)(C)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 XFZJGFIKQCCLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VGHSXKTVMPXHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 VGHSXKTVMPXHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIAWCKFOFPPVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyladamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1C(CC)C2C3 LIAWCKFOFPPVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001279 adipic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001621 bismuth Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006452 multicomponent reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003022 phthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003330 sebacic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0085—Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/22—Catalysts containing metal compounds
- C08G18/24—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
- C08G18/244—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin tin salts of carboxylic acids
- C08G18/246—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin tin salts of carboxylic acids containing also tin-carbon bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Definitions
- the invention relates to blocks of polyurethane (PUR) and / or polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams mounted in a thermal insulation block which must have, given their specific applications,
- said blocks of foam being used within a tank, integrated in a membrane structure (also called an integrated tank) or self-supporting / semi-supporting type A, B or C, used to accommodate extremely cold fluids, called cryogenic, such as in particular Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
- cryogenic such as in particular Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
- the present invention also relates to a process for preparing these foam blocks from at least one polyisocyanate and at least one polyol.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a sealed and thermally insulating tank using such foams, a vessel equipped with at least one such tank, a method of loading / unloading such a vessel and a transfer system for a liquid product contained in such a vessel.
- PUR polyurethane foam is a cellular insulator, composed of fine cells which store a gas which may have low thermal conductivity. PUR foam is used in a large number of applications such as the automotive industry as flexible PUR foam or in thermal insulation as rigid PUR foam.
- the formation of polyurethane type foams is well known to those skilled in the art. Its formation involves a multi-component reaction between a polyol (compound carrying at least two hydroxy groups), a polyisocyanate (compound carrying at least two isocyanate â NCO functions) and an expanding agent, also designated by expression "blowing agentâ.
- This condensation reaction is in particular catalyzed by compounds with basic and / or nucleophilic characters such as tertiary amines or metal-carboxylate coordination complexes such as tin or bismuth salts.
- compounds with basic and / or nucleophilic characters such as tertiary amines or metal-carboxylate coordination complexes such as tin or bismuth salts.
- PUR foams are polyether polyols or polyester polyols. Thus, a large number of compounds are necessary for the formation of PUR foam.
- Polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane / polyisocyanurate (PUR-PIR) foams are also used in the building industry (construction / renovation) and have the advantage of providing better fire-resistant properties as well as a higher compressive strength than PUR.
- the process for forming these foams is similar to the process for forming PUR foams. In fact, obtaining PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foams depends on the ratio
- PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foams are well known to those skilled in the art, nevertheless the addition of fibers involves specific technical problems, such as the need for good impregnation of the fibers, so that at the present time, there are no such foams exhibiting at least locally a relatively substantial amount of fibers.
- thermal insulation of such a tank undergoes, during the loading of the extremely cold fluid, said cryogenic, a very significant temperature gradient in its thickness which causes heterogeneous contraction phenomena of the foam block.
- This heterogeneous contraction of the foam block induces a bimetal effect which leads to a flexing of the block along its longitudinal axis - the two ends having a tendency to rise significantly - due to the non-uniform contraction of the latter in the thickness.
- the foam block being conventionally fixed mechanically or by gluing, this deflection critically lowers the exploitable mechanical properties of the PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foam block, or even locally the thermal properties of the thermal insulation block (integrating the foam block according to l 'invention).
- the thickness E of the secondary thermal insulation layer has been reduced from 170 mm (millimeter) in a MARK III structure, to 300 mm in a MARK III Flex structure and then to 380 mm in a MARK III Flex + structure.
- PIR polyisocyanurate
- the present invention thus intends to remedy the shortcomings of the state of
- the present invention relates to a block of foam
- polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber from a thermal insulation block from a sealed and thermally insulating tank, the density of the block of fiber foam is between 30 and 300 kg / m 3 , the block of foam is
- fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate having an average fiber density Tf of between 1% and 60% by mass of fibers, preferably between 2% and 30%, and having a width L of at least ten centimeters, advantageously between 10 and 500 centimeters, and a thickness E, from the lower face of said block to its upper face, of at least ten centimeters, advantageously between 10 and 100 centimeters, the block of fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam being composed of cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity.
- the block of fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam consists, at least 95% by mass of said block, of cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, of the foam
- the foam block according to the invention consists (only) of polyurethane (PUR) and / or polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam, fibers, which are preferably of a single nature such as glass fibers , and gas trapped in the cells, and optionally a minimal portion, for example, of fillers or other functional adjuvants, or for the latter a maximum of 5% by mass, or even preferably a maximum of 2% or of 1% by mass of the foam block according to the invention (the foam block of
- PUR polyurethane
- PIR polyisocyanurate
- the foam block according to the invention is obtained:
- reaction ingredients optionally fillers / adjuvants, with the fibers), preferably in a double strip laminator (DBL);
- the aforesaid foam is characterized in that the fiber density increases according to the thickness E, from the lower face of said block to its upper face, by a lower density range of between 1% and 9.99 % by mass of fibers at a higher density range of between 10% and 35% by mass of fibers.
- the present invention is intended to apply in particular, but not
- the foam block is installed at the level of the secondary layer, conventionally referred to as the âsecondaryâ.
- the foam block has a thickness of at least twenty-five (25) centimeters (cm), even more preferably at least 30 or 35 cm.
- the terms âupperâ and âlowerâ are understood to mean a meaning or a direction given to the foam block once the latter is in position in the thermal insulation block of a tank.
- the part or the upper face of the foam block is that located near or on the side of the container of the tank, when the thermal insulation block is placed in the tank, while the lower part or face of the block of foam is that located towards or on the side of the outside of the tank, that is to say in particular towards the hull of a ship in the case where the tank is integrated or mounted in a cryogenic liquid transport and / or storage vessel.
- cells storing a gas is understood to mean the fact that the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam has closed cells enclosing a gas, preferably exhibiting low thermal conductivity, originating from a gas injected during a step of nucleation of the reaction mixture or originating, directly or indirectly, from the chemical or physical blowing agent.
- fiber (s) or the expression âfiber reinforcementâ is understood to mean the fact that the fibers can be in two distinct forms:
- fiber fabric in the form of at least one fabric of fibers, in which the fibers are perfectly aligned in at least one direction, in other words the fibers have at least one preferred direction of fibers.
- fiber mat per se refers to a clear technical definition known to those skilled in the art.
- hydrocarbons chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,
- hydrofluorocarbons hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and mixtures thereof, as well as the corresponding alkyl ethers.
- Physical blowing agents such as molecular nitrogen N2, oxygen O2 or CO2 are found in gas form. These gases are dispersed or dissolved in the liquid mass of copolymer, for example under high pressure, using a static mixer. By depressurizing the system, nucleation and growth of bubbles generates cellular structure.
- average density Tf in fibers is understood to mean the fiber density expressed as mass of fibers relative to the total mass of the block of fiber-reinforced foam, without considering the local percentages (within the block) which vary from these fibers.
- the fiber-reinforced foam block is compatible with use in tanks integrated into a supporting structure but also self-supporting / semi-supporting tanks of type A, B or C according to regulations (IMO)
- IGC that is to say as an external insulation associated with self-supporting tanks for the storage and / or transport of very cold liquids such as LNG or LPG.
- the thermal properties of the block of fiber foam are at least one of the thermal properties of the block of fiber foam.
- the block of foam has, in the thickness E, a thermal conductivity of less than 30 mW / mK (milliwatt per meter per Kelvin), i.e. 0 , 03 W / mK, preferably less than 25 mW / mK, even more preferably less than 23 mW / mK, measured at 20 ° C, and a thermal conductivity of less than 20 mW / mK when the top face of the block is found at -160 ° C, the foam block then being in operating condition, the tank in which it is housed containing LNG.
- mW / mK milliwatt per meter per Kelvin
- the density of the block of fiber-reinforced foam is between 50 and 250 kg / m 3 , preferably between 90 and 210 kg / m 3 .
- the density range of the fiber foam block is preferably between 30 and 90 kg / m 3 while in the case of a membrane, the even preferred density range is between 90 and 210 kg / m 3 .
- the increase in fiber density related to the
- total mass of the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam corresponds to an increase gradient of between 0.05% and 1.5% by mass of fibers per centimeter, preferably between 0.2% and 1.2% by mass fiber per centimeter. These density values are averaged over the entire block.
- At least 60%, preferably at least 80%, of the aforesaid cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, have an elongated or stretched shape along an axis parallel to the axis of a thickness E of the block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam.
- the fibers consist of glass fiber or of hemp fiber, preferably of glass fiber.
- the fibers are long to continuous fibers.
- the average density of Tf fibers is between 2% and
- the foam block according to the invention is in a
- parallelepipedal or cubic may have one or more protuberances local, for example in the form of the anchors presented below, or else conversely empty or hollow portions, while still being able to be qualified as parallelepiped or cubic.
- the fiber density in the lower region is between 2% and 6% by weight of fibers and the fiber density in the upper region is between 12% and 25. % by mass of fiber.
- the lower face and / or the upper face, preferably the upper face, of said block has (s) anchors able to engage with a means for engaging the thermal insulation block (not shown in the figures). appended figures) in order to fix or anchor the foam block to said solid, preferably said anchors being made of a material other than the foam or fibers.
- anchors can also be made of plastic / polymers or composites combining one or more polymers with ceramic and / or metallic materials), for example having a hooking tab, in the form of an L, so as to engage with an element or part of the thermal insulation block enclosing or housing the block of fiber foam.
- This part of the thermal insulation block may consist of a metallic membrane sealing the container, for example of stainless steel or manganese-based, in the case of a membrane tank or of a vapor barrier (having the function of technique of ensuring a seal to the surrounding environment outside the tank) in the case of self-supporting or semi-supporting tanks of type A, B or C.
- this element or this part of the mass of thermal insulation in a membrane tank
- these anchors can also have the function of anchoring the foam block to the hull, in the case of a membrane tank, to the self-supporting structure in the case of a self-supporting tank. of type A, B or C, it being understood that these anchors are then those present on the underside of the foam block.
- these anchors are inserted at least in part in the fiber reinforcements, those constituting the lower or upper layer of the fiber reinforcement stack, so as to allow their location on the faces once the block of foam has been prepared / finished, without however protruding from said face.
- these anchors are present only on the face
- the block of fiber-reinforced foam according to the invention comprises a flame retardant in a proportion of between 0.1% and 5% by mass, of the organophosphorus type, advantageously triethylphosphate (TEP), tris (2- chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris (1, 3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate or tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, or a mixture of these , or of the inorganic flame retardant type, advantageously red phosphorus, expandable graphite, an aluminum oxide hydrate, an antimony trioxide, an arsenic oxide, an ammonium polyphosphate, a calcium sulfate or cyanuric acid derivatives, a mixture thereof.
- the organophosphorus type advantageously triethylphosphate (TEP), tris (2- chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCPP
- the invention also relates to a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated into a supporting structure, said tank consisting of:
- a tank integrated into a supporting structure comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising at least one sealed metal membrane composed of a plurality of metal strakes or metal plates which may include corrugations and a thermally insulating mass comprising at least one adjacent thermally insulating barrier to said membrane, or
- thermoly insulating solid comprises a plurality of blocks of foam
- IRC code is understood to mean the "international collection of rules relating to the construction and equipment of ships transporting liquefied gases in bulk", well known to those skilled in the art, at l 'like the types B and C of tanks cited, or in English âInternational Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulkâ.
- membrane tank or tank
- integrated tank to designate the same category of tanks, fitted in particular to tankers transporting and / or storing at least partly liquefied gas.
- the âmembrane tanksâ are integrated in a supporting structure while the tanks of type A, B or C are said to be self-supporting or semi-supporting (type A specifically).
- This tank comprises a plurality of blocks of foam
- the invention also relates to a vessel for transporting a cold liquid product, the vessel comprising at least one hull and a sealed and thermally insulating tank as described briefly above, arranged in the hull or mounted on said vessel when said tank is of type A, B or C according to the definition given by the IGC code.
- such a vessel comprises at least one sealed and insulating tank as described above, said tank comprising two barriers of 'successive sealing, one primary in contact with a product contained in the tank and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and a supporting structure, preferably constituted by at least part of the walls of the vessel, these two barriers of sealing being alternated with two thermally insulating barriers or a single thermally insulating barrier arranged between the primary barrier and the supporting structure.
- Such tanks are classically designated as integrated tanks according to the code of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), such as for example tanks of the NO type, including types NO 96 Âź , NO 96L03 Âź , NO
- IMO International Maritime Organization
- the tank called membrane type or type A, B or C,
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- GL Liquefied Gas
- the invention also relates to a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a vessel as defined above, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a control unit. floating or terrestrial storage and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or terrestrial storage unit to or from the ship.
- the invention also relates to a method for loading or unloading a ship as defined above, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or terrestrial storage unit towards or from the ship.
- the present invention also relates to the process for preparing a block of polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam fiberized from a thermal insulation block of a sealed and thermally insulating tank as defined briefly above, said process characterized in that it comprises the stages:
- expansion of the fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam is said to be free, either without the constraint exerted by a volume of closed section, or in which the expansion of the fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam is physically constrained by walls of 'A double strip laminator, preferably is physically constrained by the walls of a double strip laminator forming a tunnel of rectangular section with a distance between the walls disposed laterally equal to L and a distance between the walls disposed horizontally equal to E, enclosing thus the expanding fiber foam so as to obtain the aforesaid block of foam
- cream time is understood to mean the time required, to
- the cream time is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the cream time is the time elapsed until the mixture turns white under the action of the nucleation of the bubbles (cells storing a gas) and the expansion of the foam after mixing the chemical components. at room temperature.
- the cream time can be determined visually or with the aid of an ultrasonic sensor detecting a variation in thickness indicating the formation of foam.
- the fiber reinforcements extend essentially in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the gravitational flow of the mixture of chemical components
- (a) is meant the fact that these fiber reinforcements are present in the form of a thin layer spreading, during impregnation step (b), along a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow of said mixture of components.
- the plurality of fiber reinforcements having a width L and arranged in superimposed layers, are driven in a longitudinal direction I while the mixture of chemical components is deposited on the fiber reinforcements. from a distributor allowing / allowing the gravitational flow of the mixture of chemical components.
- the mixture of chemical components possibly exiting under pressure from the dispenser, falls under the effect of at least its own weight on the stacked fiber layers, thus impregnating these fiber reinforcements from the upper layer to the lower layer. .
- the foam block according to the invention is prepared by a so-called free expansion
- the physical blowing agent is preferably mixed in liquid or supercritical form with the foamable (co) polymer composition and then converted to the gas phase during the PUR / PIR foam expansion step.
- polyols is meant any carbon structure bearing at least two
- Polyisocyanates suitable for the formation of PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foam are known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic polyisocyanates and their mixtures, advantageously aromatic polyisocyanates.
- polyisocyanates suitable in the context of the present invention include aromatic isocyanates such as the 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'- isomers of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), any compound resulting from of the MDI
- TDI toluene 2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanate
- m- and p-phenylene diisocyanate naphthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- H12MDI 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate
- CHDI 4-cyclohexane diisocyanate
- the polyisocyanates are the 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'- isomers of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).
- reaction catalyst which may for example be chosen from tertiary amines, such as N, Ndimethylcyclohexylamine or N, N-dimethylbenzylamine or from organometallic compounds based on bismuth, potassium or tin.
- fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate leads to a foam volume of polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber, at the outlet of the double-strip laminator, representing between 85 and 99%, preferably between 90% and 99%, of the expansion volume of this same polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam in the case of an expansion free, without the stress of the walls of such a double strip laminator.
- a foam is obtained, the cells of which, of ovoid shape, are preferably oriented along the axis E, leading to advantageous properties of resistance to crushing in this direction E (measured according to the ISO 844 standard), combined with properties already described in the plane normal to this axis E. Tests and experiments were carried out by the Applicant to determine the broad and preferred domains mentioned above but are not presented here for the sake of clarity and conciseness.
- a block of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam is obtained in which at least 60%, generally more than 80% or even more than 90%, cells storing a gas with low thermal conductivity extend longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis of the thickness E of the foam block and we contribute, in addition to the specific choices related to characteristics of the fiber reinforcements and the viscosity of the mixture of chemical components, perfect homogeneity of the block of fiber foam.
- the elongated or stretched shape can be defined by an extended shape in
- length that is to say it has one dimension: its length, greater than its other dimensions (width and thickness).
- Polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam is free, ie without the stress exerted by a closed section volume.
- the preparation of the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam is said to be "free expansion" insofar as the expansion of the fiber-reinforced foam is not constrained on at least one side or on at least one expansion face so that the swelling of the fiber-reinforced foam is free on this side or this face, unlike a mold defining a volume finished.
- polyurethane / fiber-reinforced polyisocyanurate said fiber-reinforced foam is cut to obtain the aforementioned block of polyurethane / fiber-based polyisocyanurate foam.
- the mixture of components and at least the blowing agent impregnating them is applied to the mixture.
- fibers a pressure application system (which may for example be a roller system, of the type designated "nip rollâ in English) intended to apply pressure to the upper face of the assembly consisting of the aforesaid mixture and of the fibers.
- This pressure system makes it possible, on the one hand, to level the upper face of this assembly and, by the pressure exerted on the assembly, helps to promote the impregnation of the fibers in the aforesaid mixture.
- This pressure system may consist of a single or a double roller, the relative positions of which, above the liquid assembly, and possibly below the foam support, are adjusted in such a way that the liquid assembly is forced to spread out in a perfectly uniform manner.
- an equivalent quantity of the liquid assembly is obtained at any point of the section defined by the spacing between the two rollers or of the upper roller and of the conveyor belt.
- the main object of this pressure system is to complete the liquid dispensing device in that it contributes to uniformity, in the thickness / width, the liquid assembly before most of its expansion.
- the dynamic viscosity h of the aforesaid mixture of components is between 30 mPa.s and 3000 mPa.s, preferably between 50 mPa.s and 1500 mPa.s;
- At least 60% of the aforesaid cells storing a gas advantageously of low thermal conductivity, have an elongated or stretched shape along an axis parallel to the axis of a thickness E of the block of polyurethane foam / fibered polyisocyanurate ;
- At least 80%, preferably at least 90%, of the aforesaid cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, have an elongated or stretched shape along an axis parallel to the axis of a thickness E of the foam block of
- this characteristic linked to the elongated shape of the cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, and their rate / proportion in the block according to the invention is more particularly directed in the context of the setting.
- implementation of the preparation process with a DBL but it is absolutely not limited to this case. Indeed, in the case of free expansion, more specifically when there is no
- the (reinforcements of) fibers are arranged over an entire width L and step b) of impregnation of the fibers with the mixture of components, to obtain a polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam, and a blowing agent operates via a controlled liquid distributor, simultaneously over the entire width L;
- the blowing agent consists of an expanding agent
- the physical expansion agent is chosen from alkanes and cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, fluoroalkanes, fluoroolefins having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms and tetraalkylsilanes having between 1 and 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular tetramethylsilane, or a mixture thereof.
- fluoroalkanes propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl formate, acetone and fluoroalkanes; the fluoroalkanes being chosen are those which do not degrade the ozone layer, for example
- fluoroolefins examples include 1 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (for example HFO FEA1100 sold by the company Dupont).
- the blowing agent is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer
- FIFC-227ea also internationally referred to as FIFC-227ea, e.g.
- the chemical expansion agent consists of water.
- nucleation gas is incorporated into at least one polyol compound, preferably using a static / dynamic mixer at a pressure between 20 and 250 bars, the nucleation gas representing between 0 and 50% by volume of polyol, preferably between 0.05 and 20% by volume of the volume of polyol;
- step a) of mixing the chemical components the temperature of each of the reagents for obtaining
- polyurethane / polyisocyanurate is between 10 ° C and 40 ° C, preferably between 15 ° C and 30 ° C;
- an organophosphorus flame retardant advantageously triethylphosphate (TEP), tris (2-chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris (1, 3- dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate or tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, or a mixture thereof, or a flame retardant inorganic, preferably red phosphorus, expandable graphite, aluminum oxide hydrate, antimony trioxide, arsenic oxide, ammonium polyphosphate, calcium sulfate or cyanuric acid derivatives, a mixture of these.
- DEEP diethyl ethane phosphonate
- TEP triethyl phosphate
- DMPP propyl phosphonate dimethyl
- DPC cresyl diphenyl phosphate
- This flame retardant when it is present in the composition according to the invention, is found in an amount of between 0.01% and 25% by weight of the PUR / PIR foam.
- FIG.1 is a schematic view illustrating the different steps of the process for preparing a block of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam according to the invention.
- FIG.2 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a controlled liquid dispenser according to the invention.
- FIG.3 is a schematic view of two sets of thermal insulation panels, fixed one on the other, respectively forming a primary space and a secondary insulation space for a tank, these panels being constituted by a plurality of blocks of polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam according to the invention.
- FIG.4 is a partial view of a block of foam according to the invention in which a plurality of anchors have been placed during its preparation so as to allow the fixing or anchoring of said block of foam .
- FIG.5 illustrates an embodiment of an anchor, visible in a schematic section (cut away), capable of being inserted into a block of foam according to the invention.
- FIG.6 is a cutaway schematic representation of an LNG tanker, in which are installed the two sets of thermal insulation panels of the type of those shown in Figure 3, and a terminal loading / unloading of this tank.
- the preparation of the fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR according to the invention is carried out in the presence of catalysts making it possible to promote the isocyanate-polyol reaction.
- catalysts making it possible to promote the isocyanate-polyol reaction.
- Such compounds are described, for example, in the prior art document entitled âKunststoffhandbuch, volume 7, Polyurethane", Imprimerie Cari Flanser, 3rd edition 1993, chapter 3.4.1. These compounds include amine based catalysts and organic compound catalysts.
- the invention is carried out in the presence of one or more stabilizers intended to promote the formation of regular cellular structures during the formation of the foam.
- stabilizers intended to promote the formation of regular cellular structures during the formation of the foam.
- foam stabilizers comprising silicones such as siloxane-oxyalkylene copolymers and other organopolysiloxanes.
- Those skilled in the art know the amounts of stabilizers, between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the PUR / PIR foam, to be used depending on the reagents envisaged.
- the mixture of chemical components can include plasticizers, for example polybasic esters, preferably dibasic, carboxylic acids with monohydric alcohols. , or consist of polymeric plasticizers such as polyesters of adipic, sebacic and / or phthalic acids.
- plasticizers for example polybasic esters, preferably dibasic, carboxylic acids with monohydric alcohols. , or consist of polymeric plasticizers such as polyesters of adipic, sebacic and / or phthalic acids.
- Organic and / or inorganic fillers in particular reinforcing fillers, can also be considered in the mixture of chemical components such as siliceous minerals, metal oxides (for example kaolin, oxides of titanium or of iron) and / or metal salts.
- characteristics of the fiber reinforcements in particular the density of fibers in the fiber reinforcement, and an equally specific choice of the foam for the impregnation of said reinforcements.
- the present invention is not primarily aimed at a new chemical preparation of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam but rather a new block of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam in which, thanks to a Specific fiber gradient depending on the thickness or height of the block, this fiber-reinforced foam block does not undergo any sag (or minimal sag) or deformation of its general parallelepipedal shape / structure other than a slight contraction of its dimensions.
- a plurality of fiber reinforcements 10 is unwound and brought in parallel alignment with one another on or above a conveyor belt 11 intended to lead these reinforcements 10.
- the impregnation of the fiber reinforcements 10 is carried out, within the framework of the present invention, by gravity, that is to say that one flows from a liquid distributor located above the reinforcements of fiber 10, the mixture 12 of chemical components, blowing agent (s) and any other functional agents used to obtain the PUR / PIR foam, directly on the fibers 10.
- the aforesaid mixture 12 must impregnate all of the fiber reinforcements 10, whether they are for the latter several mats or several fabrics, in a very homogeneous manner, over the time of cream t c so that the start of the expansion of the PUR / PIR foam takes place after or at the earliest just when the fiber reinforcements 10 are all impregnated with the mixture 12.
- the expansion of the PUR / PIR foam is carried out by maintaining a perfect specific distribution of the fibers 10 in the volume of the PUR / PIR foam block, so as to obtain the desired fiber density gradient.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by arranging fiber reinforcements parallel to each other, or in superimposed layers, each of these reinforcements making it possible to achieve a fiber density - weight of fibers relative to the weight of the fiber foam considering a given volume - more or less important compared to the others.
- the upper fiber reinforcements achieve a higher fiber density than those of the lower layers. More precisely, if we consider all of the fiber reinforcements, the upper fiber reinforcement has a fiber density at least equal to that of the lower fiber reinforcement and, if we consider all the fiber reinforcements , the upper fiber reinforcement - the one at the top of the layers
- the superimposed - has a fiber density at least twice as high, and preferably at least three times as high, than that of the lower fiber reinforcement (that at the very bottom of the superimposed layers).
- the local density of fibers in which the local density of fibers is expressed in the block of fiber-reinforced foam, this also amounts to defining that the density of fibers in the upper half of the block is between 10 % and 35% by mass of fibers, preferably between 10.01% and 25% by mass of fibers, and from 1% to 9.99% by mass of fibers, preferably between 6% and 9.9% by mass of fibers, in the lower half of the PUR / PIR foam block.
- the positive gradient in fiber density (by mass of the foam block) in the block, from its lower face to its upper face is established in the range of ( +) 0.1% to (+) 2% by mass of fibers per centimeter, preferably from 0.05% to 1.5% by mass of fibers per centimeter and more preferably between 0.2% and 1, 2% by mass of fibers per centimeter.
- this is an average gradient calculated on the height or thickness of the block of fiber foam.
- the cream time of the components of the mixture 12 to form the PUR / PIR foam is known to those skilled in the art and chosen in such a way that the transport belt 11 brings the assembly together. formed from the mixture 12 of components, the blowing agent and the fibers 10 for example up to a double strip laminator, not shown in the accompanying figures, while the expansion of the foam has just started, in other words the PUR / PIR foam expansion then ends in the dual belt laminator.
- a pressure system using one or two rollers, is optionally arranged before the double strip laminator, or between the zone of impregnation of the mixture on the fibers and the double strip laminator.
- the expansion of the volume of the foam is carried out in the laminator when the expansion volume of this foam reaches between 30% and 60% of the expansion volume of this same foam when the expansion is left free, or without any constraint.
- the double belt laminator will be able to constrain the expansion of the PUR / PIR foam in its second expansion phase, when this is close or relatively close to its maximum expansion, that is to say when its expansion brings the foam close to all the walls, forming a tunnel of rectangular or square section, of the double strip laminator.
- the freezing point of the mixture of components that is to say the moment when at least 60% of the polymerization of the mixture of components is reached, in other words 70% to 80% of the maximum volume expansion of the mixture, imperatively takes place in the double strip laminator, possibly in the second half of the length of the double strip laminator (i.e. closer to the exit of the laminator than to the entry of the latter).
- a controlled liquid distributor 15 comprises a supply channel 16 of the assembly formed of the mixture 12 of chemical components and at least of the swelling agent from the tank forming a reagent mixer, not shown in the appended figures, in which on the one hand all the chemical components and the swelling agent are mixed and d on the other hand, the nucleation, or even the heating, of such a mixture is carried out.
- This liquid assembly formed of the mixture 12 of chemical components and of the blowing agent is then distributed, under pressure, in two channels 17 extending transversely to respectively end in two identical distribution plates 18, extending along the width L ( each having a length substantially equal to L / 2), comprising a plurality of nozzles 19 for the flow of said mixture 12 over the fiber reinforcements 10.
- These flow nozzles 19 consist of orifices of calibrated section having a determined length. The length of these flow nozzles 19 is thus determined so that the liquid leaves with an identical flow rate between all the nozzles 19 so that the impregnation of the fiber reinforcements 10 takes place at the same time, or simultaneously, on the section of width L of the fiber reinforcements 10, and that the surface mass of liquid deposited in line with each nozzle is equal. In doing so, if we consider a section of width L of fibers 10, the latter are impregnated
- the controlled liquid distributor 15 shown in this FIG. 2 is a
- fiber reinforcements 10 just before the cream time t c of the PUR / PIR foam lies in the choice of a specific viscosity of the liquid (consisting of the mixture 12 of chemical components and the blowing agent) to be bonded with the specific characteristics of the different fiber reinforcements, variable depending on the fiber density.
- the permeability characteristics of the fiber reinforcements must allow good penetration of the liquid into the first layers of fibers 10, to reach the following ones up to the last layer (the lower layer of fibers 10, that is to say the one located lowest in the stack fiber reinforcements), so that the impregnation time ti of the fibers 10 is achieved within the time period given by the chemical components corresponding substantially, but always less, to the cream time t c.
- the viscosity of the mixture 12 of components is chosen, for example by heating, adding plasticizers and / or by a greater or lesser nucleation, such that the impregnation of all the fibers 10 by the mixture 12 of chemicals and of the swelling agent, over a section of width L, is obtained just before the cream time, that is to say before or just before the beginning of the expansion of the foam of
- the block of fiber-reinforced foam is intended for use in a very specific environment, and must therefore guarantee specific mechanical and thermal properties.
- the fiber-reinforced foam block obtained by the preparation according to the present invention thus conventionally forms part of a thermal insulation block 30, either in the example used in FIG. 3, in a top or primary panel 31 and / or a panel lower or secondary 32 of such an insulation block 30 of a tank 71 intended to receive an extremely cold liquid, such as LNG or LPG.
- Such a tank 71 can for example equip a ground tank, a floating barge or the like (such as an FSRU âFloating Storage Regasification Unitâ or a FLNG âFloating Liquefied Natural Gasâ) or even a ship, such as an LNG carrier. , transporting this energetic liquid between two ports.
- a floating barge or the like such as an FSRU âFloating Storage Regasification Unitâ or a FLNG âFloating Liquefied Natural Gasâ
- a ship such as an LNG carrier.
- the foam block according to the invention shown in FIG. 4 comprises a plurality of anchors 40, distributed over its various faces, upper 41, and lateral 42, 43. These anchors 40 are placed so as to be flush with the surface of said faces 41, 42, 43 of the foam block, without having a foam thickness (or not significant) covering it and / or protecting it from the outside.
- FIG. 5 shows, in cut-away view, an embodiment of such an insert 40.
- This insert 40 has a plate 44 extending in a plane.
- This plate 44 comprises a plurality of orifices 45 which consist of a mechanical anchoring means, in other words one of the two elements making it possible to fix, when engaged with an element of the thermal insulation block (not shown in the accompanying figures), the foam block in or in the thermal insulation block of the tank.
- the plate 44 also comprises a plurality of identical fixing studs 46 as well as a central fixing stud 47 having larger dimensions than that of the fixing studs 46. The function of these studs 46, 47 is to fix the best possible. 'insert 40 in the block of fiber foam according to the invention.
- the fixing studs 46 are ideally placed
- one of these orifices 45 of the anchor 40 can as such be used to form the female part of the anchor, but it is also possible to provide that the anchor requires the use of a plurality of orifices 45.
- these orifices 45 consist of an anchoring solution but the invention is in no way limited to this embodiment and one or more anchors 40 of shape and mechanical characteristics can be considered. different.
- a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulating tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the vessel.
- the wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary waterproof barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary waterproof barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the vessel. primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double shell 72.
- the loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring an LNG cargo from or to the tank. 71.
- FIG. 6 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation. comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
- the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the pipes of
- the movable swivel arm 74 adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers.
- a connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77.
- the latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
- the underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station are used. 75.
- the object of the present invention namely in this case the block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam, is not intended to be reduced to a tank integrated into a supporting structure but it is also intended for tanks of type B and C of the IGC code in force on the date of filing of the present application, but also for future versions of this code except that these very substantial modifications apply to these tanks of type B and C, it being understood moreover that other types of tanks could, in this hypothesis of a modification of the IGC code, become applications
- a polyurethane foam composition integrating fibers in the form of mats, is used to demonstrate the invention, these fibers always appearing as long to continuous, more precisely the lengths of these fibers are exactly the same in the compositions according to the invention and those according to the state of the art.
- the Applicant has in particular tested the subject of the invention with so-called short fibers (as opposed to the definition given above for long to continuous fibers) or which are in the form of a fabric and the results obtained are equivalent or almost similar to those obtained with a mat of long to continuous fibers, as presented below.
- the characteristics of the fiber reinforcements and of the PUR foam are as follows:
- the characteristics of the fiber reinforcements and of the PUR foam are as follows:
- the first composition (with 8 layers of U809 or U801 for a block 180 mm thick) in Table 3 consists of a composition in accordance with document FR 2882756.
- the results for such a composition according to this document are very significantly lower than those obtained with a composition according to the present invention (last composition of Table 3).
- the fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foams according to the invention do not exhibit any significant degradation of their property relating to (very low) thermal conductivity.
- a fiber-reinforced foam according to the invention having a fiber density gradient of 1% by mass per centimeter (from the lower face towards the upper face of the block of fiber-reinforced foam), the following are obtained. following values of thermal conductivity:
Abstract
The invention relates to a fibrous polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam block in which the fiber density increases along its thickness from the lower face of the block to its upper face, from a lower density range of 1% to 9.99% by weight of fibers (10) to an upper density range of 10% to 35% by weight of fibers (10).
Description
Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate dâun massif dâisolation thermique dâune cuve et son procĂ©dĂ© de prĂ©paration Title of the invention: Polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam block of a thermal insulation block of a tank and its preparation process
[0001 ] [Lâinvention a pour objet les blocs de mousses de polyurĂ©thane (PUR) et/ou polyisocyanurate (PIR) fibrĂ©es montĂ©s dans un massif dâisolation thermique qui doivent prĂ©senter, compte tenu de leurs applications spĂ©cifiques, des [0001] [The invention relates to blocks of polyurethane (PUR) and / or polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams mounted in a thermal insulation block which must have, given their specific applications,
caractĂ©ristiques mĂ©caniques et thermiques trĂšs particuliĂšres, tout en Ă©tant le plus Ă©conomique possible Ă produire, lesdits blocs de mousses Ă©tant utilisĂ©s au sein dâune cuve, intĂ©grĂ©e dans une structure Ă membranes (Ă©galement dĂ©nommĂ©e cuve intĂ©grĂ©e) ou autoporteuse/semi-porteuse de type A, B ou C, servant Ă accueillir des fluides extrĂȘmement froids, dits cryogĂ©niques, tels que notamment du Gaz Naturel LiquĂ©fiĂ© (GNL) ou du Gaz de PĂ©trole LiquĂ©fiĂ© (GPL). very particular mechanical and thermal characteristics, while being as economical as possible to produce, said blocks of foam being used within a tank, integrated in a membrane structure (also called an integrated tank) or self-supporting / semi-supporting type A, B or C, used to accommodate extremely cold fluids, called cryogenic, such as in particular Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
[0002] La prĂ©sente invention concerne Ă©galement un procĂ©dĂ© de prĂ©paration de ces blocs de mousses Ă partir d'au moins un polyisocyanate et dâau moins un polyol. [0002] The present invention also relates to a process for preparing these foam blocks from at least one polyisocyanate and at least one polyol.
[0003] La prĂ©sente invention concerne enfin plus particuliĂšrement une cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante utilisant de telles mousses, un navire Ă©quipĂ© dâau moins une telle cuve, un procĂ©dĂ© de chargement/dĂ©chargement dâun tel navire et un systĂšme de transfert pour un produit liquide contenu dans un tel navire. Finally, the present invention relates more particularly to a sealed and thermally insulating tank using such foams, a vessel equipped with at least one such tank, a method of loading / unloading such a vessel and a transfer system for a liquid product contained in such a vessel.
[0004] La mousse de polyurĂ©thane PUR est un isolant alvĂ©olaire, composĂ© de fines cellules emmagasinant un gaz pouvant ĂȘtre Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique. La mousse PUR est utilisĂ©e dans de trĂšs nombreuses applications telles que l'industrie automobile en tant que mousse PUR souple ou dans l'isolation thermique en tant que mousse PUR rigide. La formation des mousses de type polyurĂ©thane est bien connue de l'homme du mĂ©tier. Sa formation implique une rĂ©action multi-composants entre un polyol (composĂ© porteur d'au moins deux groupements hydroxy), un polyisocyanate (composĂ© porteur d'au moins deux fonctions isocyanateâ NCO) et un agent d'expansion, Ă©galement dĂ©signĂ© par lâexpression « agent gonflant ». Cette rĂ©action de condensation est notamment catalysĂ©e par des composĂ©s Ă caractĂšres basiques et/ou nuclĂ©ophiles tels que les amines tertiaires ou les complexes de coordination mĂ©tal-carboxylate tels que
les sels dâĂ©tain ou de bismuth. Les polyols couramment utilisĂ©s dans la [0004] PUR polyurethane foam is a cellular insulator, composed of fine cells which store a gas which may have low thermal conductivity. PUR foam is used in a large number of applications such as the automotive industry as flexible PUR foam or in thermal insulation as rigid PUR foam. The formation of polyurethane type foams is well known to those skilled in the art. Its formation involves a multi-component reaction between a polyol (compound carrying at least two hydroxy groups), a polyisocyanate (compound carrying at least two isocyanate â NCO functions) and an expanding agent, also designated by expression "blowing agent". This condensation reaction is in particular catalyzed by compounds with basic and / or nucleophilic characters such as tertiary amines or metal-carboxylate coordination complexes such as tin or bismuth salts. Polyols commonly used in
fabrication des mousses PUR sont des polyols polyéther ou des polyols polyester. Ainsi, un grand nombre de composés sont nécessaires à la formation de mousse PUR. Manufacturing PUR foams are polyether polyols or polyester polyols. Thus, a large number of compounds are necessary for the formation of PUR foam.
[0005] Les mousses de polyisocyanurate (PIR) et de polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate (PUR-PIR) sont également utilisées dans le bùtiment (la construction/rénovation) et présentent l'avantage d'apporter de meilleures propriétés anti-feu ainsi qu'une résistance à la compression plus élevée que les PUR. Le procédé de formation de ces mousses est similaire au procédé de formation des mousses PUR. En effet, l'obtention des mousses PUR, PIR et PUR-PIR dépend du ratio [0005] Polyisocyanurate (PIR) and polyurethane / polyisocyanurate (PUR-PIR) foams are also used in the building industry (construction / renovation) and have the advantage of providing better fire-resistant properties as well as a higher compressive strength than PUR. The process for forming these foams is similar to the process for forming PUR foams. In fact, obtaining PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foams depends on the ratio
isocyanate/polyol. isocyanate / polyol.
[0006] Les mousses PUR, PIR et PUR-PIR sont bien connues de lâhomme du mĂ©tier, nĂ©anmoins lâajout de fibres implique des problĂšmes techniques spĂ©cifiques, tels que la nĂ©cessitĂ© dâune bonne imprĂ©gnation des fibres, de sorte quâil nâexiste pas Ă lâheure actuelle de telles mousses prĂ©sentant au moins localement un taux relativement consĂ©quent de fibres. [0006] PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foams are well known to those skilled in the art, nevertheless the addition of fibers involves specific technical problems, such as the need for good impregnation of the fibers, so that at the present time, there are no such foams exhibiting at least locally a relatively substantial amount of fibers.
[0007] Or, dans le domaine technique propre Ă lâutilisation de telles mousses pour un massif dâisolation thermique dâune cuve, le massif est soumis Ă des tempĂ©ratures trĂšs froides sur sa face exposĂ©e Ă lâespace interne de la cuve, par exemple de lâordre de -160°C dans le cas du GNL, alors que lâespace externe de la cuve, classiquement la coque dâun navire, prĂ©sente souvent une tempĂ©rature [0007] Now, in the technical field specific to the use of such foams for a thermal insulation block of a tank, the block is subjected to very cold temperatures on its face exposed to the internal space of the tank , for example of the order of -160 ° C in the case of LNG, while the external space of the vessel, typically the hull of a ship, often has a temperature
dâenvironnement trĂšs supĂ©rieure, au moins Ă©gale, voire trĂšs largement of environment much higher, at least equal, even very largely
supĂ©rieure, Ă celle de lâair ambiant ou de la mer, considĂ©rĂ©e aux alentours de 20°C. higher than that of ambient air or the sea, considered to be around 20 ° C.
[0008] Ainsi, le bloc de mousse PUR, PIR et PUR-PIR utilisé dans le massif [0008] Thus, the block of PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foam used in the solid
dâisolation thermique dâune telle cuve subit, lors du chargement du fluide extrĂȘmement froid, dit cryogĂ©nique, un gradient de tempĂ©rature trĂšs significatif dans son Ă©paisseur ce qui provoque des phĂ©nomĂšnes de contraction hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne du bloc de mousse. Cette contraction hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne du bloc de mousse induit un effet bilame qui conduit Ă un flĂ©chissement du bloc suivant son axe longitudinal - les deux extrĂ©mitĂ©s ayant tendance Ă se relever significativement - en raison de la contraction non uniforme de ce dernier dans lâĂ©paisseur. Le bloc de mousse
Ă©tant classiquement fixĂ© mĂ©caniquement ou par collage, ce flĂ©chissement abaisse de façon critique les propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques exploitables du bloc de mousse PUR, PIR et PUR-PIR, voire mĂȘme localement les propriĂ©tĂ©s thermiques du massif dâisolation thermique (intĂ©grant le bloc de mousse selon lâinvention). thermal insulation of such a tank undergoes, during the loading of the extremely cold fluid, said cryogenic, a very significant temperature gradient in its thickness which causes heterogeneous contraction phenomena of the foam block. This heterogeneous contraction of the foam block induces a bimetal effect which leads to a flexing of the block along its longitudinal axis - the two ends having a tendency to rise significantly - due to the non-uniform contraction of the latter in the thickness. The foam block being conventionally fixed mechanically or by gluing, this deflection critically lowers the exploitable mechanical properties of the PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foam block, or even locally the thermal properties of the thermal insulation block (integrating the foam block according to l 'invention).
[0009] Ce phĂ©nomĂšne dâeffet bilame ou de flĂ©chissement du bloc de mousse sâest accentuĂ© ces derniĂšres annĂ©es du fait que lâon a augmentĂ©, parfois de façon trĂšs significative, lâĂ©paisseur des blocs de mousse formant lâisolation thermique pour de telles cuves logeant un liquide cryogĂ©nique. En particulier, lorsque ces cuves comportent une double couches dâisolation thermique, classiquement dĂ©signĂ©e couche « primaire » et « secondaire » (celle dite secondaire Ă©tant situĂ©e la plus Ă©loignĂ©e du liquide cryogĂ©nique), lâĂ©paisseur E de lâisolation thermique This bimetallic effect or bending effect phenomenon of the foam block has been accentuated in recent years due to the fact that the thickness of the foam blocks forming the thermal insulation has been increased, sometimes very significantly. for such tanks housing a cryogenic liquid. In particular, when these tanks have a double thermal insulation layer, conventionally referred to as a "primary" and "secondary" layer (the so-called secondary layer being located furthest from the cryogenic liquid), the thickness E of the thermal insulation
secondaire a augmentĂ© trĂšs sensiblement dans les structures rĂ©centes, par exemple du type MARK. Ainsi, lâĂ©paisseur E de la couche dâisolation thermique secondaire est passĂ©e de 170 mm (millimĂštre) dans une structure MARK III, Ă 300 mm dans une structure MARK III Flex puis Ă 380 mm dans une structure MARK III Flex+. secondary has increased very significantly in recent structures, for example of the MARK type. Thus, the thickness E of the secondary thermal insulation layer has been reduced from 170 mm (millimeter) in a MARK III structure, to 300 mm in a MARK III Flex structure and then to 380 mm in a MARK III Flex + structure.
[0010] Cet effet bilame ou ce flĂ©chissement de la couche dâisolation thermique [0010] This bimetallic effect or this sagging of the thermal insulation layer
secondaire a des consĂ©quences structurelles particuliĂšrement nĂ©fastes sur le massif dâisolation thermique, dâune cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante, lorsque lâĂ©paisseur de cette couche secondaire augmente sensiblement relativement Ă lâĂ©paisseur de la couche dâisolation thermique primaire. secondary has particularly harmful structural consequences on the thermal insulation block, of a sealed and thermally insulating tank, when the thickness of this secondary layer increases significantly relative to the thickness of the primary thermal insulation layer.
[0011 ] On connaßt des structures telles que celles décrites dans les documents Structures such as those described in the documents are known
FR 2882756, WO 2017/202667 et JP 2005225945 mais aucune nâapporte une solution satisfaisante aux problĂšmes techniques particuliers exposĂ©s ci-dessus. FR 2882756, WO 2017/202667 and JP 2005225945 but none provides a satisfactory solution to the particular technical problems set out above.
[0012] Il nâexiste pas, Ă lâheure actuelle, de bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane et/ou polyisocyanurate, fibrĂ©e ou non fibrĂ©e, permettant de rĂ©pondre efficacement Ă ce problĂšme, autrement dit un bloc mousse PUR, PIR et PUR-PIR prĂ©sentant une stabilitĂ© thermomĂ©canique entre son Ă©tat initial (dans un environnement thermique homogĂšne) et son Ă©tat de service, Ă savoir lorsquâil est utilisĂ© dans une cuve contenant un liquide cryogĂ©nique.
[0013] Pour pallier Ă ce problĂšme de distorsions ou dâinstabilitĂ© gĂ©omĂ©trique entre ces deux Ă©tats du bloc de mousse, on rĂ©alise Ă lâheure actuelle des blocs de mousse de forme spĂ©ciale, notamment intĂ©grant des entailles, ou de dimensions rĂ©duites, de maniĂšre Ă limiter la distorsion thermique de chacun des (petits) Ă©lĂ©ments de volume ou (petits) blocs de mousse dans une plage acceptable. La nĂ©cessitĂ© de rĂ©aliser ces petits blocs de mousse entraĂźne de trĂšs nombreuses opĂ©rations de dĂ©coupe, de mise en place et de jointement de ces derniers les uns aux autres, ce qui reprĂ©sente des coĂ»ts consĂ©quents. Par ailleurs, la prĂ©sence de nombreux joints de dilatation dĂ©grade trĂšs significativement les performances thermiques de la cuve. [0012] At the present time, there is no block of polyurethane and / or polyisocyanurate foam, fiber-reinforced or non-fiber, making it possible to respond effectively to this problem, in other words a PUR, PIR and PUR foam block. PIR exhibiting thermomechanical stability between its initial state (in a homogeneous thermal environment) and its operating state, namely when it is used in a vessel containing a cryogenic liquid. To overcome this problem of distortions or geometric instability between these two states of the foam block, is currently produced specially shaped foam blocks, including incorporating notches, or reduced dimensions, of so as to limit the thermal distortion of each of the (small) volume elements or (small) foam blocks within an acceptable range. The need to produce these small foam blocks entails a great number of operations for cutting, placing and joining them to one another, which represents substantial costs. Moreover, the presence of numerous expansion joints very significantly degrades the thermal performance of the tank.
[0014] C'est dans ce contexte que la demanderesse est parvenue à mettre au point un procédé de production de mousses de polyuréthane (PUR) et/ou It is in this context that the applicant has succeeded in developing a process for the production of polyurethane (PUR) foams and / or
polyisocyanurate (PIR) contenant des fibres en quantitĂ© significative permettant Ă la fois lâobtention dâune mousse fibrĂ©e prĂ©sentant dâexcellentes propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques et thermiques, tout en conservant, sur lâensemble du bloc de mousse, en particulier ses propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques ainsi que sa forme/structure, lorsque le bloc est en condition dâutilisation, câest-Ă -dire dans un environnement thermique trĂšs diffĂ©rent entre ses deux faces, supĂ©rieure et infĂ©rieure. polyisocyanurate (PIR) containing fibers in significant quantity allowing both obtaining a fiber foam having excellent mechanical and thermal properties, while retaining, over the entire block of foam, in particular its mechanical properties as well than its shape / structure, when the block is in use, that is to say in a very different thermal environment between its two faces, upper and lower.
[0015] La prĂ©sente invention entend ainsi remĂ©dier aux lacunes de lâĂ©tat de la The present invention thus intends to remedy the shortcomings of the state of
technique en proposant une solution particuliĂšrement efficace pour obtenir industriellement une mousse de PUR/PIR fibrĂ©e, possiblement de (trĂšs) grandes dimensions, dont les propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques/thermiques sont optimales et au moins sensiblement similaires entre son Ă©tat initial - au repos, le bloc de mousse se trouvant dans un environnement thermique sensiblement homogĂšne - et son Ă©tat dâutilisation dans lequel le bloc de mousse se trouve dans un environnement thermique trĂšs hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne, la diffĂ©rence de tempĂ©rature entre sa face supĂ©rieure et sa face infĂ©rieure, considĂ©rĂ©es suivant lâĂ©paisseur E du bloc, Ă©tant au moins Ă©gale Ă 80°C, voire au moins Ă©gale Ă 100°C. technique by proposing a particularly effective solution for industrially obtaining a fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam, possibly of (very) large dimensions, whose mechanical / thermal properties are optimal and at least substantially similar between its initial state - at rest, the block of foam in a substantially homogeneous thermal environment - and its state of use in which the foam block is in a very heterogeneous thermal environment, the temperature difference between its upper face and its lower face, considered according to the thickness E of the block, being at least equal to 80 ° C, or even at least equal to 100 ° C.
[0016] Il a été découvert par la demanderesse, aprÚs diverses études et analyses, un bloc de mousse de polyuréthane (PUR) et/ou polyisocyanurate (PIR) fibrée, et sa préparation en vue de sa fabrication/conception, apte à résoudre les
problĂšmes techniques liĂ©s Ă la modification trĂšs significative de lâenvironnement thermique du bloc de mousse de PUR/PIR lors de son utilisation. It was discovered by the Applicant, after various studies and analyzes, a block of polyurethane foam (PUR) and / or polyisocyanurate (PIR) fiber, and its preparation for its manufacture / design, capable of solving the technical problems related to the very significant modification of the thermal environment of the PUR / PIR foam block during its use.
[0017] De façon avantageuse, il est Ă©galement possible, selon un mode dâexĂ©cution prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©, de diminuer trĂšs significativement le coĂ»t de production dâune telle mousse fibrĂ©e en rĂ©duisant trĂšs significativement la perte de matiĂšre du bloc de mousse, classiquement nĂ©cessaire selon lâart antĂ©rieur lors de la dĂ©coupe du bloc de mousse. [0017] Advantageously, it is also possible, according to a preferred embodiment, to very significantly reduce the cost of producing such a fiber-reinforced foam by very significantly reducing the loss of material from the foam block, conventionally necessary according to prior art when cutting the foam block.
[0018] Ainsi, la présente invention concerne un bloc de mousse de Thus, the present invention relates to a block of foam
polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e dâun massif dâisolation thermique dâune cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante, la masse volumique du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e est comprise entre 30 et 300 kg/m3, le bloc de mousse de polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber from a thermal insulation block from a sealed and thermally insulating tank, the density of the block of fiber foam is between 30 and 300 kg / m 3 , the block of foam is
polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e prĂ©sentant une densitĂ© moyenne en fibres Tf comprise entre 1 % et 60% en masse de fibres, de prĂ©fĂ©rence entre 2% et 30%, et prĂ©sentant une largeur L dâau moins dix centimĂštres, avantageusement comprise entre 10 et 500 centimĂštres, et une Ă©paisseur E, depuis la face infĂ©rieure dudit bloc jusquâĂ sa face supĂ©rieure, dâau moins dix centimĂštres, avantageusement comprise entre 10 et 100 centimĂštres, le bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e Ă©tant composĂ© de cellules emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique. fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate having an average fiber density Tf of between 1% and 60% by mass of fibers, preferably between 2% and 30%, and having a width L of at least ten centimeters, advantageously between 10 and 500 centimeters, and a thickness E, from the lower face of said block to its upper face, of at least ten centimeters, advantageously between 10 and 100 centimeters, the block of fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam being composed of cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity.
[0019] Le bloc de mousse de polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée est constitué, à au moins 95% en masse dudit bloc, de cellules emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement à faible conductivité thermique, de la mousse The block of fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam consists, at least 95% by mass of said block, of cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, of the foam
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate et des fibres. polyurethane / polyisocyanurate and fibers.
[0020] Le bloc de mousse selon lâinvention est constituĂ© (uniquement) de la mousse de polyurĂ©thane (PUR) et/ou polyisocyanurate (PIR), des fibres, qui sont de prĂ©fĂ©rence dâune seule nature telles que des fibres de verre, et du gaz pris au piĂšge dans les cellules, et Ă©ventuellement dâune part minime par exemple de charges ou dâautres adjuvants fonctionnels, soit pour ces derniers un maximum de 5% en masse, voire de prĂ©fĂ©rence un maximum de 2% ou de 1 % en masse du bloc de mousse selon lâinvention (le bloc de mousse de The foam block according to the invention consists (only) of polyurethane (PUR) and / or polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam, fibers, which are preferably of a single nature such as glass fibers , and gas trapped in the cells, and optionally a minimal portion, for example, of fillers or other functional adjuvants, or for the latter a maximum of 5% by mass, or even preferably a maximum of 2% or of 1% by mass of the foam block according to the invention (the foam block of
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée est alors constitué, à au moins 98% ou 99% en masse dudit bloc, de cellules emmagasinant un gaz, de la mousse
polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate et des fibres). En effet, le bloc de mousse selon lâinvention est obtenu : at least 98% or 99% by mass of said block, at least 98% or 99% by mass of said block, of cells storing a gas, foam polyurethane / polyisocyanurate and fibers). Indeed, the foam block according to the invention is obtained:
- en une seule opération de préparation de la mousse (mélange des - in a single foam preparation operation (mixing of
ingrédients réactionnels, éventuellement des charges/adjuvants, avec les fibres), de préférence dans un laminateur double bande (DBL) ; reaction ingredients, optionally fillers / adjuvants, with the fibers), preferably in a double strip laminator (DBL);
- en lâopĂ©ration ci-dessus complĂ©tĂ©e par une opĂ©ration de dĂ©coupe, - in the above operation completed by a cutting operation,
classiquement de la face supĂ©rieure du bloc qui sâest expansĂ© librement sur cette face. typically from the upper face of the block which has expanded freely on this face.
[0021 ] La susdite mousse se caractĂ©rise en ce que la densitĂ© de fibres augmente suivant lâĂ©paisseur E, depuis la face infĂ©rieure dudit bloc jusquâĂ sa face supĂ©rieure, dâun domaine infĂ©rieur de densitĂ© compris entre 1 % et 9,99% en masse de fibres Ă un domaine supĂ©rieur de densitĂ© compris entre 10% et 35% en masse de fibres. The aforesaid foam is characterized in that the fiber density increases according to the thickness E, from the lower face of said block to its upper face, by a lower density range of between 1% and 9.99 % by mass of fibers at a higher density range of between 10% and 35% by mass of fibers.
[0022] La prĂ©sente invention entend sâappliquer en particulier, mais non The present invention is intended to apply in particular, but not
exclusivement, au cas oĂč le bloc de mousse est installĂ© au niveau de la couche secondaire, classiquement dĂ©signĂ© le « secondaire ». Dans cette application, de prĂ©fĂ©rence, le bloc de mousse prĂ©sente une Ă©paisseur dâau moins vingt-cinq (25) centimĂštres (cm), voire de façon encore privilĂ©giĂ©e dâau moins 30 ou 35 cm. exclusively, in the case where the foam block is installed at the level of the secondary layer, conventionally referred to as the âsecondaryâ. In this application, preferably, the foam block has a thickness of at least twenty-five (25) centimeters (cm), even more preferably at least 30 or 35 cm.
[0023] On entend par lâexpression de « domaine infĂ©rieur » et de « domaine [0023] The expression "lower domain" and "domain
supĂ©rieur » deux parties identiques du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e coupĂ©e suivant un plan mĂ©dian dudit bloc passant par les milieux du bloc selon lâĂ©paisseur E (ou encore la hauteur du bloc lorsque celui-ci est positionnĂ© dans le massif dâisolation thermique). upper "two identical parts of the block of fiber-reinforced foam cut along a median plane of said block passing through the middle of the block according to thickness E (or the height of the block when it is positioned in the thermal insulation block).
[0024] On entend par les termes de « supĂ©rieur » et « infĂ©rieur » un sens ou une direction donnĂ© au bloc de mousse une fois ce dernier en position dans le massif dâisolation thermique dâune cuve. Ainsi, la partie ou la face supĂ©rieure du bloc de mousse est celle situĂ©e Ă proximitĂ© ou du cĂŽtĂ© du contenant de la cuve, lorsque le massif dâisolation thermique est disposĂ© dans la cuve, tandis que la partie ou la face infĂ©rieure du bloc de mousse est celle situĂ©e vers ou du cĂŽtĂ© de lâextĂ©rieur de la cuve, câest-Ă -dire notamment vers la coque dâun navire dans le cas oĂč la
cuve est intégrée ou montée dans un navire de transport et/ou de stockage de liquide cryogénique. The terms "upper" and "lower" are understood to mean a meaning or a direction given to the foam block once the latter is in position in the thermal insulation block of a tank. Thus, the part or the upper face of the foam block is that located near or on the side of the container of the tank, when the thermal insulation block is placed in the tank, while the lower part or face of the block of foam is that located towards or on the side of the outside of the tank, that is to say in particular towards the hull of a ship in the case where the tank is integrated or mounted in a cryogenic liquid transport and / or storage vessel.
[0025] On comprend ainsi que, lors de la fabrication ou de la prĂ©paration du bloc de mousse, ces notions ou termes de « supĂ©rieur » ou « infĂ©rieur » nâont pas encore de sens puisque le bloc de mousse nâest pas encore installĂ© dans le massif dâisolation thermique dâune cuve. Autrement dit, on pourra parfaitement prĂ©parer les blocs de mousse selon lâinvention de telle sorte quâils soient obtenus, en sortie de leur ligne de prĂ©paration/fabrication, avec une position inverse Ă celle de leur montage/assemblage final dans le massif dâisolation thermique dâune cuve. It is thus understood that, during the manufacture or preparation of the foam block, these concepts or terms of "upper" or "lower" do not yet have any meaning since the foam block is not yet installed in the thermal insulation block of a tank. In other words, we can perfectly prepare the foam blocks according to the invention so that they are obtained, at the outlet of their preparation / production line, with a position opposite to that of their final assembly / assembly in the solid mass thermal insulation of a tank.
[0026] On entend par lâexpression « cellules emmagasinant un gaz » le fait que la mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate prĂ©sente des cellules fermĂ©es enfermant un gaz, de prĂ©fĂ©rence prĂ©sentant une faible conductivitĂ© thermique, provenant dâun gaz injectĂ© lors dâune Ă©tape de nuclĂ©ation du mĂ©lange rĂ©actionnel ou provenant, directement ou indirectement, de lâagent dâexpansion chimique ou physique. The expression "cells storing a gas" is understood to mean the fact that the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam has closed cells enclosing a gas, preferably exhibiting low thermal conductivity, originating from a gas injected during a step of nucleation of the reaction mixture or originating, directly or indirectly, from the chemical or physical blowing agent.
[0027] On entend par le terme de « fibre(s) » ou lâexpression « renfort de fibre(s) » le fait que les fibres peuvent se prĂ©senter sous deux formes distinctes : The term "fiber (s)" or the expression "fiber reinforcement" is understood to mean the fact that the fibers can be in two distinct forms:
[0028] - soit sous la forme dâau moins un tissu de fibres, dans lequel les fibres sont parfaitement alignĂ©es selon au moins une direction, autrement dit les fibres prĂ©sentent au moins une direction privilĂ©giĂ©e de fibres. Lâexpression de « tissu de fibres » renvoie per se Ă une dĂ©finition technique claire et connue pour lâhomme du mĂ©tier, [0028] - or in the form of at least one fabric of fibers, in which the fibers are perfectly aligned in at least one direction, in other words the fibers have at least one preferred direction of fibers. The expression "fiber fabric" per se refers to a clear technical definition known to those skilled in the art,
[0029] - soit sous la forme dâau moins un mat de fibres, dans lequel les fibres ne [0029] - or in the form of at least one fiber mat, in which the fibers do not
prĂ©sentent pas dâorientation dĂ©finie, autrement dit ces fibres sont orientĂ©es de façon isotrope essentiellement suivant le plan principal de la couche du mat. A nouveau, lâexpression de « mat de fibres » renvoie per se Ă une dĂ©finition technique claire et connue pour lâhomme du mĂ©tier. have no defined orientation, in other words these fibers are oriented isotropically essentially along the main plane of the mat layer. Again, the expression "fiber mat" per se refers to a clear technical definition known to those skilled in the art.
[0030] Selon un mode dâexĂ©cution, on entend par lâexpression un « gaz [0030] According to one embodiment, the expression "gas
(avantageusement) Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique » le gaz provenant de lâagent gonflant, soit par rĂ©action chimique de celui-ci lorsque cet agent est dit «
chimique », classiquement du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) lorsque lâagent gonflant chimique consiste en de lâeau, soit par un agent gonflant physique tels que par exemple le diazote (N2), le dioxygĂšne (O2), le dioxyde de carbone, les (advantageously) with low thermal conductivity "the gas coming from the blowing agent, or by chemical reaction of the latter when this agent is said" chemical â, conventionally carbon dioxide (CO2) when the chemical swelling agent consists of water, or by a physical swelling agent such as for example dinitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide , the
hydrocarbures, les chlorofluorocarbures, les hydrochlorocarbures, les hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,
hydrofluorocarbures, les hydrochlorofluorocarbures, et leurs mĂ©langes, ainsi que les Ă©thers dâalkyle correspondants. Les agents gonflants physiques tels que l'azote molĂ©culaire N2, le dioxygĂšne O2 ou le CO2 se trouvent sous forme de gaz. Ces gaz sont dispersĂ©s ou solubilisĂ©s dans la masse liquide de copolymĂšre par exemple sous haute pression Ă lâaide dâun mĂ©langeur statique. En dĂ©pressurisant le systĂšme, la nuclĂ©ation et la croissance des bulles gĂ©nĂšrent une structure cellulaire. hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and mixtures thereof, as well as the corresponding alkyl ethers. Physical blowing agents such as molecular nitrogen N2, oxygen O2 or CO2 are found in gas form. These gases are dispersed or dissolved in the liquid mass of copolymer, for example under high pressure, using a static mixer. By depressurizing the system, nucleation and growth of bubbles generates cellular structure.
[0031 ] On entend par lâexpression « densitĂ© moyenne Tf en fibres » la densitĂ© en fibres exprimĂ©e en masse de fibres par rapport Ă la masse totale du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e, sans considĂ©ration des pourcentages locaux (au sein du bloc) variables de ces fibres. The expression "average density Tf in fibers" is understood to mean the fiber density expressed as mass of fibers relative to the total mass of the block of fiber-reinforced foam, without considering the local percentages (within the block) which vary from these fibers.
[0032] Ainsi, le bloc de mousse fibrée est compatible avec une utilisation dans les cuves intégrées dans une structure porteuse mais également les cuves autoporteuse/semi-porteuse de type A, B ou C selon la réglementation (IMO) [0032] Thus, the fiber-reinforced foam block is compatible with use in tanks integrated into a supporting structure but also self-supporting / semi-supporting tanks of type A, B or C according to regulations (IMO)
IGC, câest-Ă -dire en tant quâisolant externe associĂ© aux cuves autoporteuses pour le stockage et/ou le transport de liquide trĂšs froid tels que le GNL ou le GPL. IGC, that is to say as an external insulation associated with self-supporting tanks for the storage and / or transport of very cold liquids such as LNG or LPG.
[0033] Enfin, les propriétés thermiques du bloc de mousse fibrée sont au moins Finally, the thermal properties of the block of fiber foam are at least
Ă©gales Ă celles des blocs de mousse non fibrĂ©e de lâĂ©tat de la technique, plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment le bloc de mousse prĂ©sente, dans lâĂ©paisseur E, une conductivitĂ© thermique infĂ©rieure Ă 30 mW/m.K (milliwatt par mĂštre par Kelvin), soit 0,03 W/m.K, de prĂ©fĂ©rence infĂ©rieure Ă 25 mW/m.K, de maniĂšre encore plus prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©e infĂ©rieure Ă 23 mW/m.K, mesurĂ©e Ă 20°C, et une conductivitĂ© thermique infĂ©rieure Ă 20 mW/m.K lorsque la face supĂ©rieure du bloc se trouve Ă -160°C, le bloc de mousse Ă©tant alors en condition dâutilisation, la cuve dans laquelle il est logĂ© contenant du GNL. equal to those of the blocks of non-fiber foam of the state of the art, more precisely the block of foam has, in the thickness E, a thermal conductivity of less than 30 mW / mK (milliwatt per meter per Kelvin), i.e. 0 , 03 W / mK, preferably less than 25 mW / mK, even more preferably less than 23 mW / mK, measured at 20 ° C, and a thermal conductivity of less than 20 mW / mK when the top face of the block is found at -160 ° C, the foam block then being in operating condition, the tank in which it is housed containing LNG.
[0034] Dâautres caractĂ©ristiques avantageuses de lâinvention sont prĂ©sentĂ©es [0034] Other advantageous features of the invention are presented
succinctement ci-dessous :
[0035] De prĂ©fĂ©rence, la masse volumique du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e est comprise entre 50 et 250 kg/m3, de prĂ©fĂ©rence entre 90 et 210 kg/m3. Il faut noter ici que pour les blocs de mousse utilisĂ©s dans une cuve de type autoporteuse (types B, C) ou semi-porteuses (type A), la gamme de masse volumique du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e est situĂ©e de prĂ©fĂ©rence entre 30 et 90 kg/m3 tandis que dans le cas dâune membrane, la gamme de masse volumique encore prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©e se situe entre 90 et 210 kg/m3. succinctly below: Preferably, the density of the block of fiber-reinforced foam is between 50 and 250 kg / m 3 , preferably between 90 and 210 kg / m 3 . It should be noted here that for the foam blocks used in a self-supporting tank (types B, C) or semi-supporting (type A), the density range of the fiber foam block is preferably between 30 and 90 kg / m 3 while in the case of a membrane, the even preferred density range is between 90 and 210 kg / m 3 .
[0036] Avantageusement, lâaugmentation de la densitĂ© en fibres, rapportĂ©e Ă la Advantageously, the increase in fiber density, related to the
masse totale de la mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e, correspond Ă un gradient dâaugmentation compris entre 0,05% et 1 ,5% en masse de fibres par centimĂštre, de prĂ©fĂ©rence compris entre 0,2% et 1 ,2 % en masse de fibres par centimĂštre. Ces valeurs de densitĂ© sâentendent en moyenne sur le bloc complet. total mass of the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam, corresponds to an increase gradient of between 0.05% and 1.5% by mass of fibers per centimeter, preferably between 0.2% and 1.2% by mass fiber per centimeter. These density values are averaged over the entire block.
[0037] Avantageusement, au moins 60%, de prĂ©fĂ©rence au moins 80%, des susdites cellules emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique, prĂ©sentent une forme allongĂ©e ou Ă©tirĂ©e suivant un axe parallĂšle Ă lâaxe dâune Ă©paisseur E du bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e. Advantageously, at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, of the aforesaid cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, have an elongated or stretched shape along an axis parallel to the axis of a thickness E of the block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam.
[0038] De préférence, les fibres consistent en de la fibre de verre ou en de la fibre de chanvre, de préférence en de la fibre de verre. [0038] Preferably, the fibers consist of glass fiber or of hemp fiber, preferably of glass fiber.
[0039] De préférence, les fibres sont des fibres longues à continues. [0039] Preferably, the fibers are long to continuous fibers.
[0040] On entend par lâexpression « les fibres Ă©tant longues Ă continues » (ou « The expression "the fibers being long to continuous" (or "
fibres longues Ă continues ») le fait que les fibres, ou le cas Ă©chĂ©ant une agglomĂ©ration dâun ensemble de fibres (fibres collĂ©es ou fixĂ©es les unes autres), prĂ©sentent toutes - soit au moins 90% des fibres, considĂ©rĂ©es seule ou agglomĂ©rĂ©es formant lâĂ©quivalent dâune unique fibre, en masse totale desdites fibres - une longueur dâau moins cinq (5) centimĂštres (cm). long to continuous fibers') the fact that the fibers, or where appropriate an agglomeration of a set of fibers (fibers bonded or fixed to each other), all have - either at least 90% of the fibers, considered alone or agglomerated forming the equivalent of a single fiber, in total mass of said fibers - a length of at least five (5) centimeters (cm).
[0041 ] De préférence, la densité moyenne en fibres Tf est comprise entre 2% et Preferably, the average density of Tf fibers is between 2% and
25%, de préférence 4% et 15%. 25%, preferably 4% and 15%.
[0042] De prĂ©fĂ©rence, le bloc de mousse selon lâinvention se prĂ©sente sous une [0042] Preferably, the foam block according to the invention is in a
forme parallélépipédique ou cubique. parallelepiped or cubic shape.
[0043] Il est bien entendu ici que ce bloc de mousse, présentant une telle forme It is of course here that this foam block, having such a shape
parallélépipédique ou cubique, pourra présenter une ou plusieurs protubérances
locales, par exemple sous la forme des ancrages prĂ©sentĂ©s dans la suite, ou encore Ă lâinverse des portions vides ou creuses, tout en pouvant toujours ĂȘtre qualifiĂ© de forme parallĂ©lĂ©pipĂ©dique ou cubique. parallelepipedal or cubic, may have one or more protuberances local, for example in the form of the anchors presented below, or else conversely empty or hollow portions, while still being able to be qualified as parallelepiped or cubic.
[0044] Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation prĂ©fĂ©rĂ© de lâinvention, la densitĂ© en fibres dans le domaine infĂ©rieur est comprise entre 2% et 6% en masse de fibres et la densitĂ© en fibres dans le domaine supĂ©rieur est comprise entre 12% et 25% en masse de fibres. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fiber density in the lower region is between 2% and 6% by weight of fibers and the fiber density in the upper region is between 12% and 25. % by mass of fiber.
[0045] Avantageusement, la face infĂ©rieure et/ou la face supĂ©rieure, de prĂ©fĂ©rence la face supĂ©rieure, dudit bloc prĂ©sente(nt) des ancrages aptes Ă venir en prise avec un moyen de prise du massif dâisolation thermique (non reprĂ©sentĂ© sur les figures annexĂ©es) afin de fixer ou dâancrer le bloc de mousse audit massif, de prĂ©fĂ©rence lesdits ancrages Ă©tant constituĂ©s en une matiĂšre diffĂ©rente de la mousse ou des fibres. Advantageously, the lower face and / or the upper face, preferably the upper face, of said block has (s) anchors able to engage with a means for engaging the thermal insulation block (not shown in the figures). appended figures) in order to fix or anchor the foam block to said solid, preferably said anchors being made of a material other than the foam or fibers.
[0046] Ces ancrages sont avantageusement des éléments métalliques (ces These anchors are advantageously metallic elements (these
ancrages peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©s en plastique/polymĂšres ou composites alliant un ou plusieurs polymĂšres avec des matĂ©riaux cĂ©ramiques et/ou mĂ©talliques), par exemple prĂ©sentant une patte dâaccrochage, en forme de L, de maniĂšre Ă venir en prise avec un Ă©lĂ©ment ou une partie du massif dâisolation thermique enfermant ou logeant le bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e. Cette partie du massif dâisolation thermique pourra consister en une membrane mĂ©tallique dâĂ©tanchĂ©itĂ© au contenant, par exemple en acier inoxydable ou Ă base de manganĂšse, dans le cas dâune cuve Ă membranes ou en un pare-vapeur (ayant pour fonction technique dâassurer une Ă©tanchĂ©itĂ© au milieu environnant extĂ©rieur Ă la cuve) dans le cas des cuves autoporteuse ou semi-porteuse du type A, B ou C. Dans une possibilitĂ© offerte par lâinvention, cet Ă©lĂ©ment ou cette partie du massif dâisolation thermique (dans une cuve Ă membranes) prĂ©sente une encoche ou analogue destinĂ©e Ă autoriser la prise avec une portion dâun ancrage pour le maintien ou la retenue mĂ©canique du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e aux autres Ă©lĂ©ments de massif dâisolation thermique. Bien entendu, ces ancrages pourront Ă©galement avoir pour fonction dâancrer le bloc de mousse Ă la coque, dans le cas dâune cuve Ă membranes, Ă la structure autoporteuse dans le cas dâune cuve autoporteuse
du type A, B ou C, étant entendu que ces ancrages sont alors ceux présents sur la face inférieure du bloc de mousse. anchors can also be made of plastic / polymers or composites combining one or more polymers with ceramic and / or metallic materials), for example having a hooking tab, in the form of an L, so as to engage with an element or part of the thermal insulation block enclosing or housing the block of fiber foam. This part of the thermal insulation block may consist of a metallic membrane sealing the container, for example of stainless steel or manganese-based, in the case of a membrane tank or of a vapor barrier (having the function of technique of ensuring a seal to the surrounding environment outside the tank) in the case of self-supporting or semi-supporting tanks of type A, B or C. In a possibility offered by the invention, this element or this part of the mass of thermal insulation (in a membrane tank) has a notch or the like intended to allow engagement with a portion of an anchor for the maintenance or mechanical retention of the block of fiber-reinforced foam to the other thermal insulation block elements. Of course, these anchors can also have the function of anchoring the foam block to the hull, in the case of a membrane tank, to the self-supporting structure in the case of a self-supporting tank. of type A, B or C, it being understood that these anchors are then those present on the underside of the foam block.
[0047] Dans le cadre de la prĂ©sente invention, ces ancrages sont insĂ©rĂ©s au moins en partie dans les renforts de fibres, ceux constituant la couche infĂ©rieure ou supĂ©rieure de lâempilement de renfort de fibres, de sorte Ă permettre leur localisation sur les faces une fois le bloc de mousse prĂ©parĂ©/fini, sans toutefois ĂȘtre protubĂ©rant de ladite face. In the context of the present invention, these anchors are inserted at least in part in the fiber reinforcements, those constituting the lower or upper layer of the fiber reinforcement stack, so as to allow their location on the faces once the block of foam has been prepared / finished, without however protruding from said face.
[0048] Avantageusement, ces ancrages sont présents uniquement sur la face [0048] Advantageously, these anchors are present only on the face
supérieure du bloc de mousse fibrée car la densité en fibres est importante, dans le cadre de la présente invention, de sorte que les ancrages sont solidement fixés au bloc de mousse fibrée. upper part of the block of fiber-reinforced foam because the fiber density is important, in the context of the present invention, so that the anchors are firmly fixed to the block of fiber-reinforced foam.
[0049] Avantageusement, le bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e selon lâinvention comporte un retardateur de flamme dans une proportion comprise entre 0,1 % et 5% en masse, du type organophosphorĂ©, avantageusement le triĂ©thylphosphate (TEP), le tris(2-chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), du tris(1 ,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCP), du tris(2-chloroĂ©thyl) phosphate ou du tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, ou un mĂ©lange de ceux-ci, ou du type retardateur de flamme inorganique, avantageusement du phosphore rouge, du graphite expansible, un hydrate dâoxyde dâaluminium, un trioxyde dâantimoine, un oxyde dâarsenic, un polyphosphate dâammonium, un sulfate de calcium ou des dĂ©rivĂ©s dâacide cyanurique, un mĂ©lange de ceux-ci. Advantageously, the block of fiber-reinforced foam according to the invention comprises a flame retardant in a proportion of between 0.1% and 5% by mass, of the organophosphorus type, advantageously triethylphosphate (TEP), tris (2- chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris (1, 3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate or tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, or a mixture of these , or of the inorganic flame retardant type, advantageously red phosphorus, expandable graphite, an aluminum oxide hydrate, an antimony trioxide, an arsenic oxide, an ammonium polyphosphate, a calcium sulfate or cyanuric acid derivatives, a mixture thereof.
[0050] Lâinvention concerne Ă©galement une cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante intĂ©grĂ©e dans une structure porteuse, ladite cuve consistant en : The invention also relates to a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated into a supporting structure, said tank consisting of:
- une cuve intĂ©grĂ©e dans une structure porteuse comportant une cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante comprenant au moins une membrane mĂ©tallique Ă©tanche composĂ©e dâune pluralitĂ© de virures mĂ©talliques ou plaques mĂ©talliques pouvant comporter des ondulations et un massif thermiquement isolant comportant au moins une barriĂšre thermiquement isolante adjacente Ă ladite membrane, ou - a tank integrated into a supporting structure comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising at least one sealed metal membrane composed of a plurality of metal strakes or metal plates which may include corrugations and a thermally insulating mass comprising at least one adjacent thermally insulating barrier to said membrane, or
- une cuve de type A, B ou C selon la définition donnée par le code IGC comportant au moins un massif thermiquement isolant.
[0051 ] La cuve selon lâinvention se caractĂ©rise en ce que le massif thermiquement isolant comporte une pluralitĂ© de blocs de mousse de - a type A, B or C tank according to the definition given by the IGC code comprising at least one thermally insulating block. The tank according to the invention is characterized in that the thermally insulating solid comprises a plurality of blocks of foam
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée décrit succinctement ci-dessus. fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate described briefly above.
[0052] On entend par lâexpression « code IGC », le « recueil international de rĂšgles relatives Ă la construction et Ă lâĂ©quipement des navires transportant des gaz liquĂ©fiĂ©s en vrac », bien connu de lâhomme du mĂ©tier, Ă lâinstar des types B et C de cuves citĂ©es, ou en anglais « International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk ». The expression "IGC code" is understood to mean the "international collection of rules relating to the construction and equipment of ships transporting liquefied gases in bulk", well known to those skilled in the art, at l 'like the types B and C of tanks cited, or in English âInternational Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulkâ.
[0053] On notera que lâon peut utiliser, notamment dans le code IGC, lâexpression « cuve (ou citerne) Ă membrane » en lieu et place de lâexpression « cuve intĂ©grĂ©e » pour dĂ©signer une mĂȘme catĂ©gorie de cuves, Ă©quipant notamment des bateaux- citernes transportant et/ou stockant du gaz au moins en partie liquĂ©fiĂ©. Les « cuves Ă membrane » sont intĂ©grĂ©e dans une structure porteuse tandis que les cuves de type A, B ou C sont dites autoporteuses ou semi-porteuses (type A spĂ©cifiquement). It will be noted that one can use, in particular in the IGC code, the expression "membrane tank (or tank)" instead of the expression "integrated tank" to designate the same category of tanks, fitted in particular to tankers transporting and / or storing at least partly liquefied gas. The âmembrane tanksâ are integrated in a supporting structure while the tanks of type A, B or C are said to be self-supporting or semi-supporting (type A specifically).
[0054] Cette cuve comporte une pluralité de blocs de mousse de This tank comprises a plurality of blocks of foam
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée directement obtenu par le procédé de préparation susmentionné. fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate obtained directly by the aforementioned preparation process.
[0055] Enfin, lâinvention se rapporte Ă©galement Ă un navire pour le transport dâun produit liquide froid, le navire comportant au moins une coque et une cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante telle que dĂ©crite succinctement ci-dessus, disposĂ©e dans la coque ou montĂ©e sur ledit navire lorsque ladite cuve est du type A, B ou C selon la dĂ©finition donnĂ©e par le code IGC. Finally, the invention also relates to a vessel for transporting a cold liquid product, the vessel comprising at least one hull and a sealed and thermally insulating tank as described briefly above, arranged in the hull or mounted on said vessel when said tank is of type A, B or C according to the definition given by the IGC code.
[0056] Avantageusement, dans le cas oĂč la cuve consiste en une cuve intĂ©grĂ©e Ă une structure porteuse (cuve Ă membrane), un tel navire comprend au moins une cuve Ă©tanche et isolante telle que dĂ©crite ci-dessus, ladite cuve comportant deux barriĂšres d'Ă©tanchĂ©itĂ© successives, l'une primaire au contact avec un produit contenu dans la cuve et l'autre secondaire disposĂ©e entre la barriĂšre primaire et une structure porteuse, de prĂ©fĂ©rence constituĂ©e par au moins une partie des parois du navire, ces deux barriĂšres d'Ă©tanchĂ©itĂ© Ă©tant alternĂ©es avec deux
barriÚres thermiquement isolantes ou une unique barriÚre thermiquement isolante disposée entre la barriÚre primaire et la structure porteuse. Advantageously, in the case where the tank consists of a tank integrated into a supporting structure (membrane tank), such a vessel comprises at least one sealed and insulating tank as described above, said tank comprising two barriers of 'successive sealing, one primary in contact with a product contained in the tank and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and a supporting structure, preferably constituted by at least part of the walls of the vessel, these two barriers of sealing being alternated with two thermally insulating barriers or a single thermally insulating barrier arranged between the primary barrier and the supporting structure.
[0057] De telles cuves sont dĂ©signĂ©es classiquement en tant que cuves intĂ©grĂ©es suivant le code de lâOrganisation Maritime Internationale (IMO), telles que par exemple des cuves de type NO, dont des types NO 96Âź, NO 96L03Âź, NO Such tanks are classically designated as integrated tanks according to the code of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), such as for example tanks of the NO type, including types NO 96 Âź , NO 96L03 Âź , NO
96L03+Ÿ ou NO 96 MAXŸ, ou MARK IIIŸ, MARK IIIŸ Flex ou FLEX+, de préférence des cuves de type NO. 96L03 + Ÿ or NO 96 MAX Ÿ , or MARK III Ÿ , MARK III Ÿ Flex or FLEX +, preferably NO type tanks.
[0058] De préférence, la cuve, dite de type à membrane ou de type A, B ou C, Preferably, the tank, called membrane type or type A, B or C,
contient un Gaz Naturel Liquéfié (GNL) ou un Gaz Liquéfié (GL). contains Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or Liquefied Gas (GL).
[0059] Lâinvention concerne aussi un systĂšme de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le systĂšme comportant un navire tel que dĂ©fini ci-dessus, des canalisations isolĂ©es agencĂ©es de maniĂšre Ă relier la cuve installĂ©e dans la coque du navire Ă une unitĂ© de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraĂźner un flux de produit liquide froid Ă travers les canalisations isolĂ©es depuis ou vers lâunitĂ© de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis le navire. The invention also relates to a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a vessel as defined above, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a control unit. floating or terrestrial storage and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or terrestrial storage unit to or from the ship.
[0060] Lâinvention porte Ă©galement sur un procĂ©dĂ© de chargement ou dĂ©chargement dâun navire tel que dĂ©fini ci-dessus, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid Ă travers des canalisations isolĂ©es depuis ou vers une unitĂ© de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis le navire. The invention also relates to a method for loading or unloading a ship as defined above, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or terrestrial storage unit towards or from the ship.
[0061 ] La prĂ©sente invention se rapporte Ă©galement au procĂ©dĂ© de prĂ©paration dâun bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e dâun massif dâisolation thermique dâune cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante tel que dĂ©fini succinctement ci-dessus, ledit procĂ©dĂ© se caractĂ©risant en ce quâil comprend les Ă©tapes: The present invention also relates to the process for preparing a block of polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam fiberized from a thermal insulation block of a sealed and thermally insulating tank as defined briefly above, said process characterized in that it comprises the stages:
a) de mĂ©lange de composants chimiques nĂ©cessaires Ă lâobtention dâune mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate, lesdits composants comportant des rĂ©actifs pour lâobtention de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate, Ă©ventuellement au moins un catalyseur de rĂ©action, Ă©ventuellement au moins un Ă©mulsifiant, et au moins un agent gonflant, a) a mixture of chemical components necessary for obtaining a polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam, said components comprising reagents for obtaining polyurethane / polyisocyanurate, optionally at least one reaction catalyst, optionally at least one emulsifier, and at least one blowing agent,
b) dâimprĂ©gnation, par Ă©coulement gravitationnel du susdit mĂ©lange de b) impregnation, by gravitational flow of the aforesaid mixture of
composants chimiques, dâune pluralitĂ© de renforts de fibres, lesdits renforts de
fibres Ă©tant disposĂ©s en couches superposĂ©es et prĂ©sentant des densitĂ©s variables, une couche supĂ©rieure de renfort ayant une densitĂ© en fibres au moins Ă©gale Ă celle de la couche infĂ©rieure de renfort, dans lesquels les renforts de fibres sâĂ©tendent essentiellement suivant une direction perpendiculaire Ă la direction dudit Ă©coulement gravitationnel, chemical components, of a plurality of fiber reinforcements, said fiber reinforcements fibers being arranged in superimposed layers and having varying densities, an upper reinforcing layer having a fiber density at least equal to that of the lower reinforcing layer, in which the fiber reinforcements extend essentially in a direction perpendicular to the direction of said gravitational flow,
c) de formation et dâexpansion de la mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e, c) formation and expansion of the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam,
dans lequel lâexpansion de la mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e est dite libre, soit sans la contrainte exercĂ©e par un volume de section fermĂ©e, ou dans lequel lâexpansion de la mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e est physiquement contrainte par des parois dâun laminateur double bande, de prĂ©fĂ©rence est physiquement contrainte par les parois dâun laminateur double bande formant un tunnel de section rectangulaire avec une distance entre les parois disposĂ©es latĂ©ralement Ă©gale Ă L et une distance entre les parois disposĂ©es horizontalement Ă©gale Ă E, enfermant ainsi la mousse fibrĂ©e en expansion de maniĂšre Ă obtenir le susdit bloc de mousse de wherein the expansion of the fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam is said to be free, either without the constraint exerted by a volume of closed section, or in which the expansion of the fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam is physically constrained by walls of 'A double strip laminator, preferably is physically constrained by the walls of a double strip laminator forming a tunnel of rectangular section with a distance between the walls disposed laterally equal to L and a distance between the walls disposed horizontally equal to E, enclosing thus the expanding fiber foam so as to obtain the aforesaid block of foam
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée. polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber.
[0062] On entend par lâexpression « temps de crĂšme » le temps nĂ©cessaire, Ă The expression "cream time" is understood to mean the time required, to
compter du mĂ©lange des composants chimiques (a), pour que ces derniers commencent les rĂ©actions de polymĂ©risation et quâen consĂ©quence le mĂ©lange de composants dĂ©marre lâĂ©tape (c) dâexpansion et de rĂ©ticulation (= formation de la mousse PUR/PIR fibrĂ©e). Ce temps de crĂšme est une donnĂ©e bien connue de lâhomme du mĂ©tier. En dâautres termes, le temps de crĂšme est le temps Ă©coulĂ© jusquâĂ ce que le mĂ©lange blanchisse sous lâaction de la nuclĂ©ation des bulles (cellules emmagasinant un gaz) et de lâexpansion de la mousse aprĂšs mĂ©lange des composants chimiques Ă tempĂ©rature ambiante. Le temps de crĂšme peut ĂȘtre dĂ©terminĂ© visuellement ou Ă lâaide de capteur ultrason dĂ©tectant une variation dâĂ©paisseur traduisant la formation de mousse. counting from the mixture of chemical components (a), so that they start the polymerization reactions and that consequently the mixture of components starts the stage (c) of expansion and crosslinking (= formation of the PUR / PIR foam fibered). This cream time is well known to those skilled in the art. In other words, the cream time is the time elapsed until the mixture turns white under the action of the nucleation of the bubbles (cells storing a gas) and the expansion of the foam after mixing the chemical components. at room temperature. The cream time can be determined visually or with the aid of an ultrasonic sensor detecting a variation in thickness indicating the formation of foam.
[0063] On entend par lâexpression « les renforts de fibres sâĂ©tendent essentiellement suivant une direction perpendiculaire Ă la direction de lâĂ©coulement gravitationnel du mĂ©lange de composants chimiques » (a) le fait que ces renforts de fibres se
prĂ©sentent sous la forme dâune couche de faible Ă©paisseur sâĂ©talant, lors de lâĂ©tape (b) dâimprĂ©gnation, suivant un plan perpendiculaire Ă la direction dâĂ©coulement dudit mĂ©lange de composants. Ainsi, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1 , la pluralitĂ© de renforts de fibres, prĂ©sentant une largeur L et disposĂ©s en couches superposĂ©es, est entraĂźnĂ© dans une direction longitudinale I tandis que le mĂ©lange de composants chimiques est dĂ©posĂ© sur les renforts de fibres depuis un distributeur autorisant/permettant lâĂ©coulement gravitationnel du mĂ©lange de composants chimiques. Autrement dit, le mĂ©lange de composants chimiques, sortant Ă©ventuellement sous pression du distributeur, tombe sous lâeffet au moins de son propre poids sur les couches de fibres empilĂ©es, imprĂ©gnant ainsi ces renforts de fibres depuis la couche supĂ©rieure jusquâĂ la couche infĂ©rieure. By the expression "the fiber reinforcements extend essentially in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the gravitational flow of the mixture of chemical components" (a) is meant the fact that these fiber reinforcements are present in the form of a thin layer spreading, during impregnation step (b), along a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow of said mixture of components. Thus, as can be seen in Fig. 1, the plurality of fiber reinforcements, having a width L and arranged in superimposed layers, are driven in a longitudinal direction I while the mixture of chemical components is deposited on the fiber reinforcements. from a distributor allowing / allowing the gravitational flow of the mixture of chemical components. In other words, the mixture of chemical components, possibly exiting under pressure from the dispenser, falls under the effect of at least its own weight on the stacked fiber layers, thus impregnating these fiber reinforcements from the upper layer to the lower layer. .
[0064] Bien entendu, dans le cas oĂč le bloc de mousse selon lâinvention est prĂ©parĂ© par une expansion dite libre, on procĂšde ensuite Ă une dĂ©coupe du bloc au moins au niveau de la face ouverte permettant ladite expansion libre, classiquement la face supĂ©rieure, de maniĂšre Ă obtenir in fine un bloc de mousse dont les dimensions et la forme, classiquement parallĂ©lĂ©pipĂ©dique, sont conformes Ă lâinvention. Of course, in the case where the foam block according to the invention is prepared by a so-called free expansion, one then proceeds to a cutting of the block at least at the level of the open face allowing said free expansion, conventionally the face. upper, so as to ultimately obtain a foam block whose dimensions and shape, conventionally parallelepiped, are in accordance with the invention.
[0065] L'utilisation, dans la composition selon l'invention, d'un agent gonflant The use, in the composition according to the invention, of a swelling agent
chimique, peut ĂȘtre couplĂ©e Ă celle d'un agent d'expansion physique. Dans ce cas, l'agent d'expansion physique est de prĂ©fĂ©rence mĂ©langĂ© sous forme liquide ou supercritique avec la composition de (co)polymĂšre moussable puis converti en phase gazeuse lors de l'Ă©tape dâexpansion de la mousse de PUR/PIR. chemical, can be coupled with that of a physical blowing agent. In this case, the physical blowing agent is preferably mixed in liquid or supercritical form with the foamable (co) polymer composition and then converted to the gas phase during the PUR / PIR foam expansion step.
[0066] Les agents gonflants chimiques et physiques sont bien connus de lâhomme du mĂ©tier qui choisit les uns et les autres, dans les quantitĂ©s appropriĂ©es, en fonction de la mousse de PUR/PIR quâil dĂ©sire obtenir. Chemical and physical blowing agents are well known to those skilled in the art who selects both, in the appropriate amounts, depending on the PUR / PIR foam he wishes to obtain.
[0067] Par polyols on entend toute structure carbonée portant au moins deux By polyols is meant any carbon structure bearing at least two
groupements OH. OH groups.
[0068] L'obtention des mousses PUR, PIR et PUR-PIR dépendant du ratio Obtaining PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foams depending on the ratio
isocyanate/polyol, on obtiendra une mousse PUR, PIR ou PUR-PIR selon ce
ratio. Lorsque le ratio entre un composant polyol et un composant isocyanate est : isocyanate / polyol, a PUR, PIR or PUR-PIR foam will be obtained according to this ratio. When the ratio between a polyol component and an isocyanate component is:
- compris entre 1 :1 et 1 :1 ,3 on obtiendra une mousse polyuréthane PUR, - between 1: 1 and 1: 1, 3 a PUR polyurethane foam will be obtained,
- compris entre 1 :1 ,3 et 1 :1 ,8 on obtiendra une mousse polyuréthane PUR-PIR, - between 1: 1, 3 and 1: 1, 8 we will obtain a PUR-PIR polyurethane foam,
- compris entre 1 :1 ,8 et 1 :2,8 on obtiendra une mousse polyuréthane PIR. - between 1: 1, 8 and 1: 2.8, a PIR polyurethane foam will be obtained.
[0069] Les polyisocyanates appropriés pour la formation de mousse PUR, PIR et PUR-PIR sont connus de l'homme du métier et comprennent par exemple les polyisocyanates aromatiques, aliphatiques, cycloaliphatiques, arylaliphatiques et leurs mélanges, avantageusement les polyisocyanates aromatiques. Polyisocyanates suitable for the formation of PUR, PIR and PUR-PIR foam are known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic polyisocyanates and their mixtures, advantageously aromatic polyisocyanates.
[0070] Des exemples de polyisocyanates appropriés dans le cadre de la présente invention incluent les isocyanates aromatiques tels que les isomÚres 4,4'-, 2,4'- et 2,2'- du diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), tout composé issu de la Examples of polyisocyanates suitable in the context of the present invention include aromatic isocyanates such as the 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'- isomers of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), any compound resulting from of the
polymérisation de ces isomÚres, le toluÚne 2,4- et 2,6-diisocyanate (TDI), le m- et p- phenylÚne diisocyanate, le naphtalÚne-1 ,5-diisocyanate; les isocyanates aliphatiques, cycloaliphatiques, arylaliphatiques tels que le 1 ,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), l'isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), le 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), le 1 ,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI), le polymerization of these isomers, toluene 2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanate (TDI), m- and p-phenylene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate; aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic isocyanates such as 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), 1, 4-cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI) , the
bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclo-hexane (H6XDI,DDI) et le tetramethyxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI). Il est également possible d'utiliser des mélanges quelconques de ces diisocyanates. De maniÚre avantageuse les polyisocyanates sont les isomÚres 4,4'-, 2,4'- et 2,2'- du diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclo-hexane (H6XDI, DDI) and tetramethyxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI). It is also possible to use any mixtures of these diisocyanates. Advantageously, the polyisocyanates are the 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'- isomers of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).
[0071 ] De maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, il est connu d'ajouter lors de la formation des mousses PUR, PIR ou PUR-PIR, au mĂ©lange comprenant le polyol, le polyisocyanate et de l'agent gonflant, un catalyseur de rĂ©action qui pourra par exemple ĂȘtre choisi parmi les amines tertiaires, telles que la N,NdimĂ©thylcyclohexylamine ou la N,N- dimĂ©thylbenzylamine ou parmi les composĂ©s organo-mĂ©talliques Ă base de bismuth, de potassium ou d'Ă©tain. In general, it is known to add, during the formation of PUR, PIR or PUR-PIR foams, to the mixture comprising the polyol, the polyisocyanate and the blowing agent, a reaction catalyst which may for example be chosen from tertiary amines, such as N, Ndimethylcyclohexylamine or N, N-dimethylbenzylamine or from organometallic compounds based on bismuth, potassium or tin.
[0072] Selon un mode prĂ©fĂ©rĂ© dâexĂ©cution de lâinvention, avantageusement, le [0072] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, advantageously, the
positionnement des parois du tunnel du laminateur double bande (DBL) est dĂ©fini de tel sorte que la contrainte Ă lâexpansion de la mousse de positioning of the tunnel walls of the double strip laminator (DBL) is defined so that the expansion stress of the foam
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée conduit à un volume de mousse de
polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e, en sortie du laminateur Ă double bande, reprĂ©sentant entre 85 et 99%, de prĂ©fĂ©rence entre 90% et 99%, du volume dâexpansion de cette mĂȘme mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e dans le cas dâune expansion libre, sans la contrainte des parois dâun tel laminateur Ă double bande. On obtient dans ce cas une mousse dont les cellules, de forme ovoĂŻde, sont prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement orientĂ©es suivant lâaxe E, conduisant Ă des propriĂ©tĂ©s avantageuse de rĂ©sistance Ă lâĂ©crasement selon cette direction E (mesurĂ©e selon la norme ISO 844), cumulĂ©es aux propriĂ©tĂ©s dĂ©jĂ dĂ©crites dans le plan normal Ă cet axe E. Des tests et expĂ©rimentations ont Ă©tĂ© conduits par la demanderesse pour dĂ©terminer les domaines, larges et prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s, mentionnĂ©s ci- dessus mais ne sont pas prĂ©sentĂ©s ici par souci de clartĂ© et de concision. fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate leads to a foam volume of polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber, at the outlet of the double-strip laminator, representing between 85 and 99%, preferably between 90% and 99%, of the expansion volume of this same polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam in the case of an expansion free, without the stress of the walls of such a double strip laminator. In this case, a foam is obtained, the cells of which, of ovoid shape, are preferably oriented along the axis E, leading to advantageous properties of resistance to crushing in this direction E (measured according to the ISO 844 standard), combined with properties already described in the plane normal to this axis E. Tests and experiments were carried out by the Applicant to determine the broad and preferred domains mentioned above but are not presented here for the sake of clarity and conciseness.
[0073] GrĂące au susdit paramĂ©trage spĂ©cifique de la contrainte Ă lâexpansion de la mousse de PUR/PIR fibrĂ©e dans un DBL, on obtient dâune part un bloc de mousse de PUR/PIR fibrĂ©e dans lequel au moins 60%, gĂ©nĂ©ralement plus de 80% voire plus de 90%, des cellules emmagasinant un gaz Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique sâĂ©tendent longitudinalement suivant un axe parallĂšle Ă lâaxe de lâĂ©paisseur E du bloc de mousse et on contribue, outre les choix spĂ©cifiques liĂ©s aux caractĂ©ristiques des renforts de fibres et Ă la viscositĂ© du mĂ©lange de composants chimiques, Ă une parfaite homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e. Ces deux caractĂ©ristiques - orientation des cellules & homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© du taux Tf de fibres dans le bloc Ă un niveau considĂ©rĂ© de lâĂ©paisseur du bloc - permettent dâobtenir un bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e prĂ©sentant dâexcellentes propriĂ©tĂ©s Thanks to the aforesaid specific parameterization of the stress on expansion of the fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam in a DBL, on the one hand, a block of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam is obtained in which at least 60%, generally more than 80% or even more than 90%, cells storing a gas with low thermal conductivity extend longitudinally along an axis parallel to the axis of the thickness E of the foam block and we contribute, in addition to the specific choices related to characteristics of the fiber reinforcements and the viscosity of the mixture of chemical components, perfect homogeneity of the block of fiber foam. These two characteristics - orientation of the cells & homogeneity of the Tf rate of fibers in the block at a considered level of the thickness of the block - make it possible to obtain a block of fiber foam with excellent properties
mĂ©caniques suivant lâĂ©paisseur E (rĂ©sistance en compression) et dans un plan normal Ă la direction de lâĂ©paisseur (rĂ©sistance Ă la traction et faible coefficient de contraction thermique). mechanical according to the thickness E (compressive strength) and in a plane normal to the direction of the thickness (tensile strength and low coefficient of thermal contraction).
[0074] La forme allongĂ©e ou Ă©tirĂ©e peut ĂȘtre dĂ©finie par une forme Ă©tendue en [0074] The elongated or stretched shape can be defined by an extended shape in
longueur câest-Ă -dire quâelle comporte une dimension : sa longueur, plus grande que ses autres dimensions (largeur et Ă©paisseur). length, that is to say it has one dimension: its length, greater than its other dimensions (width and thickness).
[0075] Selon un autre mode dâexĂ©cution offert par lâinvention, lâexpansion de la [0075] According to another embodiment offered by the invention, the expansion of the
mousse de polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée est libre, soit sans la contrainte exercée par un volume de section fermée.
[0076] Ici, Ă la diffĂ©rence du mode dâexĂ©cution de la prĂ©paration selon lâinvention utilisant un DBL, la prĂ©paration de la mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e est dite par « expansion libre » dans la mesure oĂč lâexpansion de la mousse fibrĂ©e nâest pas contrainte sur au moins un cĂŽtĂ© ou sur au moins une face dâexpansion de sorte que le gonflement de la mousse fibrĂ©e est libre sur ce cĂŽtĂ© ou cette face, Ă lâinverse dâun moule dĂ©finissant un volume fini. Polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam is free, ie without the stress exerted by a closed section volume. Here, unlike the embodiment of the preparation according to the invention using a DBL, the preparation of the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam is said to be "free expansion" insofar as the expansion of the fiber-reinforced foam is not constrained on at least one side or on at least one expansion face so that the swelling of the fiber-reinforced foam is free on this side or this face, unlike a mold defining a volume finished.
Classiquement, une expansion libre est réalisée en omettant le couvercle Conventionally, free expansion is achieved by omitting the cover
(supĂ©rieur) tandis que les parois latĂ©rales empĂȘchent un dĂ©bordement de la mousse sur les cĂŽtĂ©s et la mousse gonfle naturellement vers le haut, (upper) while the side walls prevent foam overflow to the sides and the foam naturally swells upwards,
éventuellement au-delà des extrémités supérieures de ces parois latérales. possibly beyond the upper ends of these side walls.
[0077] Avantageusement, suite Ă lâĂ©tape dâexpansion libre de la mousse de [0077] Advantageously, following the step of free expansion of the foam of
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée, on réalise une découpe de ladite mousse fibrée pour obtenir le susdit bloc de mousse de polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée. polyurethane / fiber-reinforced polyisocyanurate, said fiber-reinforced foam is cut to obtain the aforementioned block of polyurethane / fiber-based polyisocyanurate foam.
[0078] Selon une possibilitĂ© offerte par lâinvention, non reprĂ©sentĂ©e sur les figures annexĂ©es, juste aprĂšs lâĂ©tape dâimprĂ©gnation des renforts de fibres, on applique sur le mĂ©lange de composants et dâau moins lâagent gonflant imprĂ©gnant les fibres un systĂšme dâapplication de pression (pouvant ĂȘtre par exemple un systĂšme de rouleaux, de type dĂ©signĂ© « nip roll » en anglais) destinĂ© Ă appliquer une pression sur la face supĂ©rieure de lâensemble constituĂ© du susdit mĂ©lange et des fibres. Ce systĂšme de pression permet dâune part de planer la face supĂ©rieure de cet ensemble et, par la pression exercĂ©e sur lâensemble, contribue Ă favoriser lâimprĂ©gnation des fibres dans le susdit mĂ©lange. Ce systĂšme de pression peut consister en un simple ou un double rouleau, dont les positions relatives, au-dessus de lâensemble liquide, et Ă©ventuellement en dessous du support de mousse, sont rĂ©glĂ©es de telle maniĂšre que lâensemble liquide est contraint de sâĂ©taler de maniĂšre parfaitement uniforme. Ainsi, ce faisant, on obtient, en tout point de la section dĂ©finie par lâespacement entre les deux rouleaux ou du rouleau supĂ©rieur et de la bande de transport, une quantitĂ© Ă©quivalente de lâensemble liquide. Autrement dit, ce systĂšme de pression a pour principal objet de complĂ©ter le dispositif de dispense de liquide en ce quâil
contribue Ă uniformiser, dans lâĂ©paisseur/largeur, lâensemble liquide avant lâessentiel de son expansion. According to one possibility offered by the invention, not shown in the appended figures, just after the step of impregnating the fiber reinforcements, the mixture of components and at least the blowing agent impregnating them is applied to the mixture. fibers a pressure application system (which may for example be a roller system, of the type designated "nip roll" in English) intended to apply pressure to the upper face of the assembly consisting of the aforesaid mixture and of the fibers. This pressure system makes it possible, on the one hand, to level the upper face of this assembly and, by the pressure exerted on the assembly, helps to promote the impregnation of the fibers in the aforesaid mixture. This pressure system may consist of a single or a double roller, the relative positions of which, above the liquid assembly, and possibly below the foam support, are adjusted in such a way that the liquid assembly is forced to spread out in a perfectly uniform manner. Thus, in doing so, an equivalent quantity of the liquid assembly is obtained at any point of the section defined by the spacing between the two rollers or of the upper roller and of the conveyor belt. In other words, the main object of this pressure system is to complete the liquid dispensing device in that it contributes to uniformity, in the thickness / width, the liquid assembly before most of its expansion.
[0079] De préférence, la viscosité dynamique h du susdit mélange de composants est comprise entre 30 mPa.s et 3000 mPa.s, de préférence entre 50 mPa.s et 1500 mPa.s ; Preferably, the dynamic viscosity h of the aforesaid mixture of components is between 30 mPa.s and 3000 mPa.s, preferably between 50 mPa.s and 1500 mPa.s;
[0080] Avantageusement, au moins 60% des susdites cellules emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique, prĂ©sentent une forme allongĂ©e ou Ă©tirĂ©e suivant un axe parallĂšle Ă lâaxe dâune Ă©paisseur E du bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e ; Advantageously, at least 60% of the aforesaid cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, have an elongated or stretched shape along an axis parallel to the axis of a thickness E of the block of polyurethane foam / fibered polyisocyanurate ;
[0081 ] De façon encore plus avantageuse, au moins 80%, de prĂ©fĂ©rence au moins 90%, des susdites cellules emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique, prĂ©sentent une forme allongĂ©e ou Ă©tirĂ©e suivant un axe parallĂšle Ă lâaxe dâune Ă©paisseur E du bloc de mousse de Even more advantageously, at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, of the aforesaid cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, have an elongated or stretched shape along an axis parallel to the axis of a thickness E of the foam block of
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée ; polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber;
[0082] Il est bien entendu ici que cette caractĂ©ristique liĂ©e Ă la forme allongĂ©e des cellules emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique, et leur taux/proportion dans le bloc selon lâinvention est plus particuliĂšrement dirigĂ©e dans le cadre de la mise en Ćuvre du procĂ©dĂ© de prĂ©paration avec un DBL, mais elle nâest absolument pas limitĂ©e Ă ce cas de figure. En effet, dans le cas dâune expansion libre, plus spĂ©cifiquement lorsquâil nây a pas de It is understood here that this characteristic linked to the elongated shape of the cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, and their rate / proportion in the block according to the invention is more particularly directed in the context of the setting. implementation of the preparation process with a DBL, but it is absolutely not limited to this case. Indeed, in the case of free expansion, more specifically when there is no
paroi/couvercle supĂ©rieur contraignant lâexpansion de la mousse fibrĂ©e, on obtient Ă©galement une telle orientation prĂ©fĂ©rentielle des cellules emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique. upper wall / cover constraining the expansion of the fiber-reinforced foam, such a preferential orientation of the cells storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, is also obtained.
[0083] De prĂ©fĂ©rence, les (renforts de) fibres sont disposĂ©s sur toute une largeur L et lâĂ©tape b) dâimprĂ©gnation des fibres par le mĂ©lange de composants, pour obtenir une mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e, et dâun agent gonflant sâopĂšre via un distributeur de liquide contrĂŽlĂ©, simultanĂ©ment sur toute la largeur L ; Preferably, the (reinforcements of) fibers are arranged over an entire width L and step b) of impregnation of the fibers with the mixture of components, to obtain a polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam, and a blowing agent operates via a controlled liquid distributor, simultaneously over the entire width L;
[0084] On entend par le terme « simultanément » le fait que le mélange liquide The term "simultaneously" is understood to mean the fact that the liquid mixture
(rĂ©actifs et au moins lâagent gonflant) atteint les fibres, sur une section de largeur L, au mĂȘme moment tout le long de cette section de sorte que lâimprĂ©gnation des
diffĂ©rents renforts de fibres commence ou sâopĂšre, suivant lâĂ©paisseur (ou la hauteur) du bloc de mousse et pour une mĂȘme section de largeur, au mĂȘme instant ou Ă la mĂȘme vitesse. (reagents and at least the swelling agent) reaches the fibers, over a section of width L, at the same time all along this section so that the impregnation of the different fiber reinforcements begin or take place, depending on the thickness (or height) of the foam block and for the same section of width, at the same time or at the same speed.
[0085] Avantageusement, lâagent gonflant consiste en un agent dâexpansion [0085] Advantageously, the blowing agent consists of an expanding agent
physique et/ou chimique, de préférence une combinaison des deux types. physical and / or chemical, preferably a combination of the two types.
[0086] De façon prĂ©fĂ©rentielle, lâagent dâexpansion physique est choisi parmi les alcanes et les cycloalcanes ayant au moins 4 atomes de carbone, les Ă©thers dialkyls, les esters, les cĂ©tones, les acĂ©tals, les fluoroalcanes, les fluoro-olĂ©fines ayant entre 1 et 8 atomes de carbone et les tĂ©traalkylsilanes ayant entre 1 et 3 atomes de carbone dans la chaĂźne alkyle, en particulier le tĂ©tramĂ©thylsilane, ou un mĂ©lange de ceux-ci. Preferably, the physical expansion agent is chosen from alkanes and cycloalkanes having at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, fluoroalkanes, fluoroolefins having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms and tetraalkylsilanes having between 1 and 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular tetramethylsilane, or a mixture thereof.
[0087] Dans cette hypothĂšse, Ă titre dâexemple de composĂ©s, il pourra sâagir de In this hypothesis, by way of example of compounds, it could be
propane, n-butane, dâisobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, dâisopentane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimĂ©thyle Ă©ther, mĂ©thyle Ă©thyle Ă©ther, mĂ©thyle butyle Ă©ther, mĂ©thyle formate, dâacĂ©tone et des fluoroalcanes ; les fluoroalcanes Ă©tant choisis sont ceux ne dĂ©gradant pas la couche dâozone, par exemple le propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl formate, acetone and fluoroalkanes; the fluoroalkanes being chosen are those which do not degrade the ozone layer, for example
trifluoropropane, le 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tétrafluoroéthane, le difluoroéthane et trifluoropropane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane and
lâheptafluoropropane. Des exemples de fluoro-olĂ©fines incluent le 1 -chloro-3,3,3- trifluoropropĂšne, le 1 ,1 ,1 ,4,4,4-hexafluorobutĂšne (par exemple le HFO FEA1100 commercialisĂ© par la sociĂ©tĂ© Dupont). heptafluoropropane. Examples of fluoroolefins include 1 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (for example HFO FEA1100 sold by the company Dupont).
[0088] Selon un mode dâexĂ©cution prĂ©fĂ©rĂ© de lâinvention, lâagent dâexpansion [0088] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the blowing agent
physique choisi est le 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3-pentafluoropropane , ou FIFC-245fa, physical chosen is 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluoropropane, or FIFC-245fa,
(commercialisé par la société Floneywell), le 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3-pentafluorobutane, ou 365mfc, (par exemple le solkaneŸ 365mfc commercialisé par la société Solvay), le 2,3,3, 3-tétrafluoroprop-1-ene, le 1 ,1 ,1 ,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (également désigné internationalement en tant que le FIFC-227ea, par exemple (marketed by the company Floneywell), 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluorobutane, or 365mfc, (for example solkaneŸ 365mfc marketed by the company Solvay), 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoroprop-1 -ene, 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (also internationally referred to as FIFC-227ea, e.g.
commercialisé par la société Dupont), le 1 ,1 ,1 ,4,4,4-hexafluorobutÚne (par exemple le FIFO FEA1100 commercialisé par la société Dupont), le trans- 1 - chloro-3,3,3- trifluoropropene (solstice LBA - société Honeywell) ou un mélange de ceux-ci. marketed by the company Dupont), 1, 1, 1, 4,4,4-hexafluorobutene (for example FIFO FEA1100 marketed by the company Dupont), trans- 1 - chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (solstice LBA - Honeywell Company) or a mixture of these.
[0089] Avantageusement, lâagent dâexpansion chimique consiste en de lâeau.
[0090] Avantageusement, lors de lâĂ©tape a) de mĂ©lange de composants chimiques, du gaz de nuclĂ©ation est incorporĂ© Ă au moins un composĂ© polyol, de prĂ©fĂ©rence Ă lâaide dâun mĂ©langeur statique/dynamique sous une pression entre 20 et 250 bars, le gaz de nuclĂ©ation reprĂ©sentant entre 0 et 50% en volume de polyol, de prĂ©fĂ©rence entre 0,05 et 20% en volume du volume de polyol ; Advantageously, the chemical expansion agent consists of water. Advantageously, during step a) of mixing chemical components, nucleation gas is incorporated into at least one polyol compound, preferably using a static / dynamic mixer at a pressure between 20 and 250 bars, the nucleation gas representing between 0 and 50% by volume of polyol, preferably between 0.05 and 20% by volume of the volume of polyol;
[0091 ] De prĂ©fĂ©rence, lors de lâĂ©tape a) de mĂ©lange des composants chimiques, la tempĂ©rature de chacun des rĂ©actifs pour lâobtention de [0091] Preferably, during step a) of mixing the chemical components, the temperature of each of the reagents for obtaining
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate est comprise entre 10°C et 40°C, de préférence entre 15°C et 30°C ; polyurethane / polyisocyanurate is between 10 ° C and 40 ° C, preferably between 15 ° C and 30 ° C;
[0092] De prĂ©fĂ©rence, selon un mode de rĂ©alisation prĂ©fĂ©rĂ© de lâinvention, le Preferably, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the
mĂ©lange final des flux de polyols, isocyanate et/ou agent gonflant a lieu dans une tĂȘte de mĂ©lange Ă basse pression (< 20 bars) ou haute pression (> 50 bars) Ă lâaide dâun mĂ©langeur dynamique ou statique. final mixing of the streams of polyols, isocyanate and / or blowing agent takes place in a mixing head at low pressure (<20 bar) or high pressure (> 50 bar) using a dynamic or static mixer.
[0093] Selon une possibilitĂ© offerte par lâinvention, on ajoute en outre au mĂ©lange, Ă l'Ă©tape a), un retardateur de flamme organophosphorĂ©, avantageusement le triĂ©thylphosphate (TEP), le tris(2-chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), du tris(1 ,3- dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCP), du tris(2-chloroĂ©thyl) phosphate ou du tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, ou un mĂ©lange de ceux-ci, ou un retardateur de flamme inorganique, avantageusement du phosphore rouge, du graphite expansible, un hydrate dâoxyde dâaluminium, un trioxyde dâantimoine, un oxyde dâarsenic, un polyphosphate dâammonium, un sulfate de calcium ou des dĂ©rivĂ©s dâacide cyanurique, un mĂ©lange de ceux-ci. According to one possibility offered by the invention, is further added to the mixture, in step a), an organophosphorus flame retardant, advantageously triethylphosphate (TEP), tris (2-chloroiso-propyl) phosphate ( TCPP), tris (1, 3- dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate or tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, or a mixture thereof, or a flame retardant inorganic, preferably red phosphorus, expandable graphite, aluminum oxide hydrate, antimony trioxide, arsenic oxide, ammonium polyphosphate, calcium sulfate or cyanuric acid derivatives, a mixture of these.
[0094] On pourra Ă©galement envisager que le retardateur de flamme utilise de It is also possible to envisage that the flame retardant uses
lâĂ©thane phosphonate diĂ©thyle (DEEP), du phosphate triĂ©thyle (TEP), du propyle phosphonate dimĂ©thyle (DMPP) ou du phosphate crĂ©syl diphĂ©nyle (DPC). diethyl ethane phosphonate (DEEP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), propyl phosphonate dimethyl (DMPP) or cresyl diphenyl phosphate (DPC).
[0095] Ce retardateur de flamme, lorsquâil est prĂ©sent dans la composition selon lâinvention, se trouve dans une quantitĂ© comprise entre 0,01 % et 25% en poids de la mousse de PUR/PIR. This flame retardant, when it is present in the composition according to the invention, is found in an amount of between 0.01% and 25% by weight of the PUR / PIR foam.
[0096] La description qui va suivre est donnée uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif en référence aux figures annexées, dans lesquelles :
[0097] [Fig.1 ] est une vue schĂ©matique illustrant les diffĂ©rentes Ă©tapes du procĂ©dĂ© de prĂ©paration dâun bloc de mousse PUR/PIR fibrĂ©e selon lâinvention. The description which follows is given purely by way of illustration and not by way of limitation with reference to the appended figures, in which: [0097] [Fig.1] is a schematic view illustrating the different steps of the process for preparing a block of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam according to the invention.
[0098] [Fig.2] est une reprĂ©sentation schĂ©matique dâun mode de rĂ©alisation dâun distributeur de liquide contrĂŽlĂ© selon lâinvention. [0098] [Fig.2] is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a controlled liquid dispenser according to the invention.
[0099] [Fig.3] est une vue schĂ©matique de deux ensembles de panneaux dâisolation thermique, fixĂ©s lâun sur lâautre, formant respectivement un espace primaire et un espace secondaire dâisolation pour une cuve, ces panneaux Ă©tant constituĂ©s par une pluralitĂ© de blocs de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâinvention. [0099] [Fig.3] is a schematic view of two sets of thermal insulation panels, fixed one on the other, respectively forming a primary space and a secondary insulation space for a tank, these panels being constituted by a plurality of blocks of polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam according to the invention.
[0100] [Fig.4] est une vue partielle dâun bloc de mousse selon lâinvention dans lequel une pluralitĂ© dâancrages ont Ă©tĂ© placĂ©e lors de sa prĂ©paration de maniĂšre Ă autoriser la fixation ou lâancrage dudit bloc de mousse. [0100] [Fig.4] is a partial view of a block of foam according to the invention in which a plurality of anchors have been placed during its preparation so as to allow the fixing or anchoring of said block of foam .
[0101 ] [Fig.5] illustre un mode dâexĂ©cution dâun ancrage, visible suivant une coupe schĂ©matique (en Ă©corchĂ©e), susceptible dâĂȘtre insĂ©rĂ© dans un bloc de mousse selon lâinvention. [0101] [Fig.5] illustrates an embodiment of an anchor, visible in a schematic section (cut away), capable of being inserted into a block of foam according to the invention.
[0102] [Fig.6] est une reprĂ©sentation schĂ©matique Ă©corchĂ©e dâune cuve de navire mĂ©thanier, dans laquelle sont installĂ©s les deux ensembles de panneaux dâisolation thermique du type de ceux reprĂ©sentĂ©s sur la figure 3, et dâun terminal de chargement/dĂ©chargement de cette cuve. [0102] [Fig.6] is a cutaway schematic representation of an LNG tanker, in which are installed the two sets of thermal insulation panels of the type of those shown in Figure 3, and a terminal loading / unloading of this tank.
[0103] De prĂ©fĂ©rence, la prĂ©paration du PUR/PIR fibrĂ© selon lâinvention est rĂ©alisĂ©e en prĂ©sence de catalyseurs permettant de promouvoir la rĂ©action isocyanate- polyol. De tels composĂ©s sont dĂ©crits par exemple dans le document de lâĂ©tat de la technique intitulĂ© « Kunststoffhandbuch, volume 7, PolyurĂ©thane », Imprimerie Cari Flanser, 3Ăšme Ă©dition 1993, chapitre 3.4.1. Ces composĂ©s comprennent des catalyseurs Ă base amine et des catalyseurs Ă base de composĂ©s organiques. [0103] Preferably, the preparation of the fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR according to the invention is carried out in the presence of catalysts making it possible to promote the isocyanate-polyol reaction. Such compounds are described, for example, in the prior art document entitled "Kunststoffhandbuch, volume 7, Polyurethane", Imprimerie Cari Flanser, 3rd edition 1993, chapter 3.4.1. These compounds include amine based catalysts and organic compound catalysts.
[0104] De préférence, la préparation du bloc de mousse PUR/PIR fibrée selon [0104] Preferably, the preparation of the block of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam according to
lâinvention est rĂ©alisĂ©e en prĂ©sence dâun ou plusieurs stabilisants destinĂ©s Ă promouvoir la formation de structures cellulaires rĂ©guliĂšres pendant la formation de la mousse. Ces composĂ©s sont bien connus de lâhomme du mĂ©tier et, Ă titre dâexemple, on peut citer les stabilisants de mousse comprenant des silicones tels que les copolymĂšres siloxane-oxyalkylĂšne et les autres organopolysiloxanes.
[0105] Lâhomme du mĂ©tier connaĂźt les quantitĂ©s de stabilisants, entre 0,5% et 4% en poids de la mousse de PUR/PIR, Ă utiliser en fonction des rĂ©actifs envisagĂ©s. the invention is carried out in the presence of one or more stabilizers intended to promote the formation of regular cellular structures during the formation of the foam. These compounds are well known to those skilled in the art and, by way of example, mention may be made of foam stabilizers comprising silicones such as siloxane-oxyalkylene copolymers and other organopolysiloxanes. [0105] Those skilled in the art know the amounts of stabilizers, between 0.5% and 4% by weight of the PUR / PIR foam, to be used depending on the reagents envisaged.
[0106] Selon une possibilitĂ© offerte par lâinvention, lors de lâĂ©tape a) du procĂ©dĂ© de prĂ©paration, le mĂ©lange de composants chimiques peut inclure des plastifiants, par exemple des esters polybasique, prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement dibasique, des acides carboxyliques avec des alcools monohydriques, ou consister en des plastifiants polymĂ©riques tels que des polyesters dâacides adipique, sĂ©bacique et/ou phtalique. Lâhomme du mĂ©tier, en fonction des rĂ©actifs utilisĂ©s, sait quelle quantitĂ© de plastifiants envisager, classiquement de 0,05% Ă 7,5% en poids de la mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate. [0106] According to one possibility offered by the invention, during step a) of the preparation process, the mixture of chemical components can include plasticizers, for example polybasic esters, preferably dibasic, carboxylic acids with monohydric alcohols. , or consist of polymeric plasticizers such as polyesters of adipic, sebacic and / or phthalic acids. Those skilled in the art, depending on the reagents used, know what amount of plasticizers to consider, typically from 0.05% to 7.5% by weight of the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam.
[0107] Des charges organiques et/ou inorganiques, en particulier des charges de renforcement, peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre envisagĂ©es dans le mĂ©lange de composants chimiques telles que des minĂ©raux siliceux, des oxydes mĂ©talliques (par exemple kaolin, oxydes de titane ou de fer) et/ou des sels mĂ©talliques. La quantitĂ© de ces charges, si elles sont prĂ©sentes dans le mĂ©lange, est [0107] Organic and / or inorganic fillers, in particular reinforcing fillers, can also be considered in the mixture of chemical components such as siliceous minerals, metal oxides (for example kaolin, oxides of titanium or of iron) and / or metal salts. The amount of these fillers, if present in the mixture, is
classiquement comprise entre 0,5% et 15% en poids de la mousse de PUR/PIR. conventionally between 0.5% and 15% by weight of the PUR / PIR foam.
[0108] Il doit ĂȘtre notĂ© que la prĂ©sente invention nâentend pas ici ajouter un [0108] It should be noted that the present invention does not intend here to add a
enseignement technique Ă la formation dâune mousse de PUR/PIR, tant au niveau de la nature des composants chimiques essentiels et des agents fonctionnels optionnels que de leurs quantitĂ©s respectives. Lâhomme du mĂ©tier sait comment obtenir diffĂ©rents types de mousse de PUR/PIR fibrĂ©e et la prĂ©sente prĂ©paration se rapporte, Ă partir dâun choix spĂ©cifique des technical education in the formation of a PUR / PIR foam, both in terms of the nature of the essential chemical components and optional functional agents and their respective amounts. The person skilled in the art knows how to obtain different types of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam and the present preparation relates, from a specific choice of
caractĂ©ristiques des renforts de fibres, en particulier la densitĂ© de fibres dans le renfort de fibres, et dâun choix tout aussi spĂ©cifique de la mousse pour lâimprĂ©gnation desdits renforts. characteristics of the fiber reinforcements, in particular the density of fibers in the fiber reinforcement, and an equally specific choice of the foam for the impregnation of said reinforcements.
[0109] Ainsi, la prĂ©sente invention, telle quâexposĂ©e ici, ne vise pas en premier lieu une nouvelle prĂ©paration chimique de mousse de PUR/PIR fibrĂ©e mais bien un nouveau bloc de mousse de PUR/PIR fibrĂ©e dans lequel, grĂące Ă un gradient de fibres spĂ©cifique suivant lâĂ©paisseur ou la hauteur du bloc, ce bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e ne subit aucun flĂ©chissement (ou un flĂ©chissement minime) ou aucune dĂ©formation de sa forme/structure parallĂ©lĂ©pipĂ©dique gĂ©nĂ©rale autre quâune lĂ©gĂšre contraction de ses dimensions.
[0110] Ainsi, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1 , une pluralitĂ© de renforts de fibres 10 est dĂ©roulĂ©e et amenĂ©e suivant un alignement parallĂšle entre eux sur ou au- dessus dâune bande de transport 11 destinĂ©e Ă conduire ces renforts 10 et les composants formant la mousse de PUR/PIR. En effet, lâimprĂ©gnation des renforts de fibres 10 se fait, dans le cadre de la prĂ©sente invention, par gravitĂ©, câest-Ă - dire que lâon coule, depuis un distributeur de liquide situĂ© au-dessus des renforts de fibre 10, le mĂ©lange 12 de composants chimiques, dâagent(s) gonflant(s) et dâĂ©ventuels autres agents fonctionnels utilisĂ©s pour lâobtention de la mousse de PUR/PIR, directement sur les fibres 10. [0109] Thus, the present invention, as explained here, is not primarily aimed at a new chemical preparation of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam but rather a new block of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam in which, thanks to a Specific fiber gradient depending on the thickness or height of the block, this fiber-reinforced foam block does not undergo any sag (or minimal sag) or deformation of its general parallelepipedal shape / structure other than a slight contraction of its dimensions. [0110] Thus, as can be seen in FIG. 1, a plurality of fiber reinforcements 10 is unwound and brought in parallel alignment with one another on or above a conveyor belt 11 intended to lead these reinforcements 10. and the PUR / PIR foam-forming components. In fact, the impregnation of the fiber reinforcements 10 is carried out, within the framework of the present invention, by gravity, that is to say that one flows from a liquid distributor located above the reinforcements of fiber 10, the mixture 12 of chemical components, blowing agent (s) and any other functional agents used to obtain the PUR / PIR foam, directly on the fibers 10.
[0111 ] Ainsi, le susdit mĂ©lange 12 doit imprĂ©gner lâintĂ©gralitĂ© des renforts de fibres 10, quâils sâagissent pour ces derniers de plusieurs mats ou de plusieurs tissus, de façon bien homogĂšne, au cours du temps de crĂšme tc de sorte que le dĂ©marrage de lâexpansion de la mousse de PUR/PIR ait lieu aprĂšs ou au plus tĂŽt juste au moment oĂč les renforts de fibres 10 sont bien tous imprĂ©gnĂ©s par le mĂ©lange 12. Ce faisant, grĂące au respect des caractĂ©ristiques pour les renforts de fibres et la mousse PUR/PIR dĂ©finies selon lâinvention, lâexpansion de la mousse PUR/PIR est rĂ©alisĂ©e en conservant une distribution spĂ©cifique parfaite des fibres 10 dans le volume du bloc de mousse PUR/PIR, de maniĂšre Ă obtenir le gradient de densitĂ© en fibres souhaitĂ©. [0111] Thus, the aforesaid mixture 12 must impregnate all of the fiber reinforcements 10, whether they are for the latter several mats or several fabrics, in a very homogeneous manner, over the time of cream t c so that the start of the expansion of the PUR / PIR foam takes place after or at the earliest just when the fiber reinforcements 10 are all impregnated with the mixture 12. In doing so, by respecting the characteristics for the fiber reinforcements and the PUR / PIR foam defined according to the invention, the expansion of the PUR / PIR foam is carried out by maintaining a perfect specific distribution of the fibers 10 in the volume of the PUR / PIR foam block, so as to obtain the desired fiber density gradient.
[0112] Lâobjet de la prĂ©sente invention est atteint en disposant des renforts de fibres parallĂšlement les uns aux autres, soit en couches superposĂ©es, chacun de ces renforts permettant dâatteindre une densitĂ© en fibres - poids de fibres rapportĂ©s au poids de la mousse fibrĂ©e considĂ©rant un volume donnĂ© - plus ou moins importante par rapport aux autres. Ainsi, les renforts supĂ©rieurs de fibres permettent dâatteindre une densitĂ© en fibres supĂ©rieure Ă ceux des couches infĂ©rieures. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, si lâon considĂšre lâensemble des renforts de fibres, le renfort supĂ©rieur de fibres prĂ©sente une densitĂ© en fibres au moins Ă©gale Ă celle du renfort infĂ©rieur de fibres et, si lâon considĂšre lâensemble des renforts de fibres, le renfort supĂ©rieur de fibres - celui tout en haut des couches The object of the present invention is achieved by arranging fiber reinforcements parallel to each other, or in superimposed layers, each of these reinforcements making it possible to achieve a fiber density - weight of fibers relative to the weight of the fiber foam considering a given volume - more or less important compared to the others. Thus, the upper fiber reinforcements achieve a higher fiber density than those of the lower layers. More precisely, if we consider all of the fiber reinforcements, the upper fiber reinforcement has a fiber density at least equal to that of the lower fiber reinforcement and, if we consider all the fiber reinforcements , the upper fiber reinforcement - the one at the top of the layers
superposées - présente une densité en fibres au moins deux fois supérieure, voire de préférence au moins trois fois supérieure, à celle du renfort inférieur de fibres (celui tout en bas des couches superposées).
[0113] Dans le cadre de la dĂ©finition de lâinvention, dans laquelle la densitĂ© locale en fibres est exprimĂ©e dans le bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e, ceci revient Ă©galement Ă dĂ©finir que la densitĂ© en fibres dans la moitiĂ© supĂ©rieure du bloc est comprise entre 10% et 35% en masse de fibres, prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement entre 10,01 % et 25% en masse de fibres, et de 1 % Ă 9,99% en masse de fibres, de prĂ©fĂ©rence entre 6% et 9,9% en masse de fibres, dans la moitiĂ© infĂ©rieure du bloc de mousse PUR/PIR. superimposed - has a fiber density at least twice as high, and preferably at least three times as high, than that of the lower fiber reinforcement (that at the very bottom of the superimposed layers). In the context of the definition of the invention, in which the local density of fibers is expressed in the block of fiber-reinforced foam, this also amounts to defining that the density of fibers in the upper half of the block is between 10 % and 35% by mass of fibers, preferably between 10.01% and 25% by mass of fibers, and from 1% to 9.99% by mass of fibers, preferably between 6% and 9.9% by mass of fibers, in the lower half of the PUR / PIR foam block.
[0114] Selon une autre maniĂšre dâexprimer lâinvention, le gradient positif de densitĂ© en fibres (en masse du bloc de mousse) dans le bloc, depuis sa face infĂ©rieure vers sa face supĂ©rieure, sâĂ©tablit dans la gamme de (+)0, 1 % Ă (+)2% en masse de fibres par centimĂštre, de prĂ©fĂ©rence de 0,05% Ă 1 ,5% en masse de fibres par centimĂštre et de façon encore prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©e entre 0,2% et 1 ,2% en masse de fibres par centimĂštre. Bien entendu, il sâagit ici dâun gradient moyen calculĂ© sur la hauteur ou lâĂ©paisseur du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e. According to another way of expressing the invention, the positive gradient in fiber density (by mass of the foam block) in the block, from its lower face to its upper face, is established in the range of ( +) 0.1% to (+) 2% by mass of fibers per centimeter, preferably from 0.05% to 1.5% by mass of fibers per centimeter and more preferably between 0.2% and 1, 2% by mass of fibers per centimeter. Of course, this is an average gradient calculated on the height or thickness of the block of fiber foam.
[0115] Dans le cadre de lâinvention, le temps de crĂšme des composants du mĂ©lange 12 pour former la mousse PUR/PIR est connu de lâhomme du mĂ©tier et choisi de telle maniĂšre que la bande de transport 11 amĂšne lâensemble formĂ© du mĂ©lange 12 de composants, de lâagent gonflant et des fibres 10 par exemple jusquâĂ un laminateur double bande, non reprĂ©sentĂ© sur les figures annexĂ©es, alors que lâexpansion de la mousse vient juste de commencer, autrement dit lâexpansion de la mousse PUR/PIR se termine alors dans le laminateur Ă double bande. In the context of the invention, the cream time of the components of the mixture 12 to form the PUR / PIR foam is known to those skilled in the art and chosen in such a way that the transport belt 11 brings the assembly together. formed from the mixture 12 of components, the blowing agent and the fibers 10 for example up to a double strip laminator, not shown in the accompanying figures, while the expansion of the foam has just started, in other words the PUR / PIR foam expansion then ends in the dual belt laminator.
[0116] Dans un tel mode de rĂ©alisation avec un laminateur double bande (DBL), un systĂšme de pression, Ă lâaide dâun ou de deux rouleaux, est Ă©ventuellement disposĂ© avant le laminateur double bande, soit entre la zone dâimprĂ©gnation du mĂ©lange sur les fibres et le laminateur double bande. Dans le cas de lâutilisation dâun DBL, lâexpansion du volume de la mousse est rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le laminateur lorsque le volume dâexpansion de cette mousse atteint entre 30% et 60% du volume dâexpansion de cette mĂȘme mousse lorsque lâexpansion est laissĂ©e libre, soit sans aucune contrainte. Ce faisant, le laminateur Ă double bande pourra contraindre lâexpansion de la mousse de PUR/PIR dans sa deuxiĂšme phase dâexpansion, lorsque celle-ci est proche ou relativement proche de son expansion maximale, câest-Ă -dire lorsque son expansion amĂšne la mousse Ă proximitĂ© de
lâensemble des parois, formant un tunnel de section rectangulaire ou carrĂ©e, du laminateur double bande. Selon une maniĂšre diffĂ©rente de prĂ©senter les choix spĂ©cifiques de la prĂ©paration selon lâinvention, le point de gel du mĂ©lange de composants, câest-Ă -dire le moment oĂč au moins 60% de la polymĂ©risation du mĂ©lange de composants est atteint, autrement dit 70% Ă 80% de lâexpansion volumique maximale du mĂ©lange, a lieu impĂ©rativement dans le laminateur double bande, Ă©ventuellement dans la deuxiĂšme moitiĂ© de la longueur du laminateur double bande (soit plus proche de la sortie du laminateur que de lâentrĂ©e de ce dernier). In such an embodiment with a double strip laminator (DBL), a pressure system, using one or two rollers, is optionally arranged before the double strip laminator, or between the zone of impregnation of the mixture on the fibers and the double strip laminator. In the case of the use of a DBL, the expansion of the volume of the foam is carried out in the laminator when the expansion volume of this foam reaches between 30% and 60% of the expansion volume of this same foam when the expansion is left free, or without any constraint. In doing so, the double belt laminator will be able to constrain the expansion of the PUR / PIR foam in its second expansion phase, when this is close or relatively close to its maximum expansion, that is to say when its expansion brings the foam close to all the walls, forming a tunnel of rectangular or square section, of the double strip laminator. According to a different way of presenting the specific choices of the preparation according to the invention, the freezing point of the mixture of components, that is to say the moment when at least 60% of the polymerization of the mixture of components is reached, in other words 70% to 80% of the maximum volume expansion of the mixture, imperatively takes place in the double strip laminator, possibly in the second half of the length of the double strip laminator (i.e. closer to the exit of the laminator than to the entry of the latter).
[0117] Concernant la fonction de distribution simultanée du mélange 12 de [0117] Regarding the function of simultaneous distribution of the mixture 12 of
composants chimiques et dâagent gonflant sur toute la largeur L des renforts de fibres 10, elle est ici assurĂ©e par un distributeur de liquide contrĂŽlĂ© 15, visible sur la figure 2. Un tel distributeur 15 comporte un canal dâamenĂ©e 16 de lâensemble formĂ© du mĂ©lange 12 de composants chimiques et au moins de lâagent gonflant depuis le rĂ©servoir formant mĂ©langeur Ă rĂ©actifs, non reprĂ©sentĂ© sur les figures annexĂ©es, dans lequel dâune part sont mĂ©langĂ©s tous les composants chimiques et lâagent gonflant et dâautre part est opĂ©rĂ©e notamment la nuclĂ©ation, voire le chauffage, dâun tel mĂ©lange. Cet ensemble liquide formĂ© du mĂ©lange 12 de composants chimiques et de lâagent gonflant est ensuite rĂ©parti, sous pression, dans deux canaux 17 sâĂ©tendant transversalement pour aboutir respectivement Ă deux plaques de distribution 18 identiques, sâĂ©tendant suivant la largeur L (chacune prĂ©sentant une longueur sensiblement Ă©gale Ă L/2), comportant une pluralitĂ© de buses 19 pour lâĂ©coulement dudit mĂ©lange 12 sur les renforts de fibres 10. Ces buses dâĂ©coulement 19 consistent en des orifices de section calibrĂ©e prĂ©sentant une longueur dĂ©terminĂ©e. La longueur de ces buses dâĂ©coulement 19 est ainsi dĂ©terminĂ©e de telle sorte que le liquide sorte avec un dĂ©bit identique entre toutes les buses 19 afin que lâimprĂ©gnation des renforts de fibres 10 sâeffectue au mĂȘme moment, ou simultanĂ©ment, sur la section de largeur L des renforts de fibres 10, et que la masse surfacique de liquide dĂ©posĂ©e au droit de chaque buse soit Ă©gale. Ce faisant, si lâon considĂšre une section de largeur L des fibres 10, ces derniĂšres sont imprĂ©gnĂ©es chemical components and swelling agent over the entire width L of the fiber reinforcements 10, it is here provided by a controlled liquid distributor 15, visible in FIG. 2. Such a distributor 15 comprises a supply channel 16 of the assembly formed of the mixture 12 of chemical components and at least of the swelling agent from the tank forming a reagent mixer, not shown in the appended figures, in which on the one hand all the chemical components and the swelling agent are mixed and d on the other hand, the nucleation, or even the heating, of such a mixture is carried out. This liquid assembly formed of the mixture 12 of chemical components and of the blowing agent is then distributed, under pressure, in two channels 17 extending transversely to respectively end in two identical distribution plates 18, extending along the width L ( each having a length substantially equal to L / 2), comprising a plurality of nozzles 19 for the flow of said mixture 12 over the fiber reinforcements 10. These flow nozzles 19 consist of orifices of calibrated section having a determined length. The length of these flow nozzles 19 is thus determined so that the liquid leaves with an identical flow rate between all the nozzles 19 so that the impregnation of the fiber reinforcements 10 takes place at the same time, or simultaneously, on the section of width L of the fiber reinforcements 10, and that the surface mass of liquid deposited in line with each nozzle is equal. In doing so, if we consider a section of width L of fibers 10, the latter are impregnated
concurremment de sorte que lâimprĂ©gnation des couches de fibres 10 par le mĂ©lange 12 se rĂ©alise, en tous points de cette section, de façon identique, ce qui
contribue à obtenir en sortie du laminateur double bande un bloc de mousse fibrée dans lequel la densité locale en fibres correspond précisément à la densité en fibres de chacune des couches superposées des renforts de fibres, au moment de la coulée gravitationnelle du mélange 12. concurrently so that the impregnation of the layers of fibers 10 by the mixture 12 is carried out, at all points of this section, in an identical manner, which contributes to obtaining at the output of the double strip laminator a block of fiber foam in which the local fiber density corresponds precisely to the fiber density of each of the superimposed layers of the fiber reinforcements, at the moment of gravitational casting of the mixture 12.
[0118] Le distributeur de liquide contrÎlé 15 représenté sur cette figure 2 est un The controlled liquid distributor 15 shown in this FIG. 2 is a
exemple de rĂ©alisation dans lequel deux plaques de distribution 18 identiques sont utilisĂ©es mais on pourra envisager une conception diffĂ©rente, dans la mesure oĂč la fonction de distribution de liquide simultanĂ©e sur la section en largeur des fibres 10 est atteinte. Bien entendu, la caractĂ©ristique technique principale utilisĂ©e ici rĂ©side dans les diffĂ©rentes longueurs des buses exemplary embodiment in which two identical distribution plates 18 are used but a different design could be envisaged, insofar as the function of simultaneous liquid distribution over the cross section of the fibers 10 is achieved. Of course, the main technical feature used here lies in the different lengths of the nozzles.
dâĂ©coulement 19, plus ou moins longue en fonction du parcours, ou trajet, du mĂ©lange 12 liquide depuis le conduit dâamenĂ©e 16 du distributeur 15 jusquâĂ la buse dâĂ©coulement 19 considĂ©rĂ©e. flow 19, more or less long depending on the path, or path, of the liquid mixture 12 from the supply conduit 16 of the distributor 15 to the flow nozzle 19 in question.
[0119] Un des aspects dâimportance pour rĂ©aliser une bonne imprĂ©gnation des [0119] One of the important aspects for achieving good impregnation of
renforts de fibres 10 juste avant le temps de crĂšme tc de la mousse de PUR/PIR rĂ©side dans le choix dâune viscositĂ© spĂ©cifique du liquide (consistant en le mĂ©lange 12 de composants chimiques et de lâagent gonflant) Ă relier avec les caractĂ©ristiques spĂ©cifiques des diffĂ©rents renforts de fibres, variables en fonction de la densitĂ© en fibres. Le domaine de viscositĂ© choisi ainsi que les fiber reinforcements 10 just before the cream time t c of the PUR / PIR foam lies in the choice of a specific viscosity of the liquid (consisting of the mixture 12 of chemical components and the blowing agent) to be bonded with the specific characteristics of the different fiber reinforcements, variable depending on the fiber density. The chosen viscosity range as well as the
caractĂ©ristiques de permĂ©abilitĂ© des renforts de fibres doivent permettre une bonne pĂ©nĂ©tration du liquide dans les premiĂšres couches de fibres 10, pour atteindre les suivantes jusquâĂ la derniĂšre couche (la couche infĂ©rieure de fibres 10, soit celle situĂ©e le plus bas dans lâempilement des renforts de fibres), de sorte que le temps dâimprĂ©gnation ti des fibres 10 est rĂ©alisĂ© dans le laps de temps donnĂ© par les composants chimiques correspondant sensiblement, mais toujours infĂ©rieur, au temps de crĂšme tc. On choisit la viscositĂ© du mĂ©lange 12 de composants, par exemple par chauffage, ajouts de plastifiants et/ou par une nuclĂ©ation plus ou moins importante, de telle sorte que lâimprĂ©gnation de lâensemble des fibres 10 par le mĂ©lange 12 chimiques et de lâagent gonflant, sur une section de largeur L, est obtenue juste avant le temps de crĂšme, câest-Ă -dire avant ou juste avant le commencement de lâexpansion de la mousse de permeability characteristics of the fiber reinforcements must allow good penetration of the liquid into the first layers of fibers 10, to reach the following ones up to the last layer (the lower layer of fibers 10, that is to say the one located lowest in the stack fiber reinforcements), so that the impregnation time ti of the fibers 10 is achieved within the time period given by the chemical components corresponding substantially, but always less, to the cream time t c. The viscosity of the mixture 12 of components is chosen, for example by heating, adding plasticizers and / or by a greater or lesser nucleation, such that the impregnation of all the fibers 10 by the mixture 12 of chemicals and of the swelling agent, over a section of width L, is obtained just before the cream time, that is to say before or just before the beginning of the expansion of the foam of
PUR/PIR.
[0120] Le bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e est destinĂ© Ă ĂȘtre utilisĂ© dans un environnement trĂšs particulier, et doit donc garantir des propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques et thermiques spĂ©cifiques. Le bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e obtenu par la prĂ©paration selon la prĂ©sente invention fait ainsi classiquement parti dâun massif dâisolation thermique 30, soit dans lâexemple utilisĂ© sur la figure 3, dans un panneau supĂ©rieur ou primaire 31 et/ou un panneau infĂ©rieur ou secondaire 32 dâun tel massif dâisolation 30 dâune cuve 71 destinĂ©e Ă recevoir un liquide extrĂȘmement froid, tels quâun GNL ou un GPL. Une telle cuve 71 peut Ă©quiper par exemple un rĂ©servoir au sol, une barge flottante ou analogue (tels quâun FSRU « Floating Storage Regasification Unit » ou un FLNG « Floating Liquefied Natural Gas ») ou encore un navire, tel quâun mĂ©thanier, transportant ce liquide Ă©nergĂ©tique entre deux ports. PUR / PIR. [0120] The block of fiber-reinforced foam is intended for use in a very specific environment, and must therefore guarantee specific mechanical and thermal properties. The fiber-reinforced foam block obtained by the preparation according to the present invention thus conventionally forms part of a thermal insulation block 30, either in the example used in FIG. 3, in a top or primary panel 31 and / or a panel lower or secondary 32 of such an insulation block 30 of a tank 71 intended to receive an extremely cold liquid, such as LNG or LPG. Such a tank 71 can for example equip a ground tank, a floating barge or the like (such as an FSRU âFloating Storage Regasification Unitâ or a FLNG âFloating Liquefied Natural Gasâ) or even a ship, such as an LNG carrier. , transporting this energetic liquid between two ports.
[0121 ] Le bloc de mousse selon lâinvention prĂ©sentĂ© sur la figure 4 comporte une pluralitĂ© dâancrages 40, rĂ©partis sur ses diffĂ©rentes faces, supĂ©rieure 41 , et latĂ©rales 42, 43. Ces ancrages 40 sont placĂ©s de telle maniĂšre Ă affleurer la surface desdites faces 41 , 42, 43 du bloc de mousse, sans prĂ©senter une Ă©paisseur de mousse (ou non significative) le recouvrant et/ou le protĂ©geant de lâextĂ©rieur. [0121] The foam block according to the invention shown in FIG. 4 comprises a plurality of anchors 40, distributed over its various faces, upper 41, and lateral 42, 43. These anchors 40 are placed so as to be flush with the surface of said faces 41, 42, 43 of the foam block, without having a foam thickness (or not significant) covering it and / or protecting it from the outside.
[0122] La figure 5 prĂ©sente, en vue Ă©corchĂ©e, un mode de rĂ©alisation dâun tel insert 40. Cet insert 40 prĂ©sente un plateau 44 sâĂ©tendant suivant un plan. Ce plateau 44 comporte une pluralitĂ© dâorifices 45 qui consistent en un moyen mĂ©canique dâancrage, autrement dit lâun des deux Ă©lĂ©ments permettant de fixer, lorsquâen prise avec un Ă©lĂ©ment du massif dâisolation thermique (non reprĂ©sentĂ© sur les figures annexĂ©es), le bloc de mousse dans ou au massif dâisolation thermique de la cuve. Le plateau 44 comporte Ă©galement une pluralitĂ© de plots de fixation 46 identiques ainsi quâun plot central de fixation 47 prĂ©sentant des dimensions plus importante que celle des plots de fixation 46. La fonction de ces plots 46, 47 consiste Ă fixer le mieux possible lâinsert 40 dans le bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e selon lâinvention. Les plots de fixation 46 sont idĂ©alement disposĂ©s [0122] Figure 5 shows, in cut-away view, an embodiment of such an insert 40. This insert 40 has a plate 44 extending in a plane. This plate 44 comprises a plurality of orifices 45 which consist of a mechanical anchoring means, in other words one of the two elements making it possible to fix, when engaged with an element of the thermal insulation block (not shown in the accompanying figures), the foam block in or in the thermal insulation block of the tank. The plate 44 also comprises a plurality of identical fixing studs 46 as well as a central fixing stud 47 having larger dimensions than that of the fixing studs 46. The function of these studs 46, 47 is to fix the best possible. 'insert 40 in the block of fiber foam according to the invention. The fixing studs 46 are ideally placed
circonfĂ©rentiellement pour former un cercle Ă proximitĂ© du pourtour ou de la pĂ©riphĂ©rie de lâinsert 40.
[0123] Lâinsert 40 reprĂ©sentĂ© sur la figure 7 est avantageusement placĂ© sur la bande de transport 11 , les plots 45, 46 Ă©tant alors dirigĂ©s vers le haut et le plateau 44 reposant sur ladite bande 11. circumferentially to form a circle near the periphery or the periphery of the insert 40. [0123] The insert 40 shown in FIG. 7 is advantageously placed on the transport belt 11, the pads 45, 46 then being directed upwards and the plate 44 resting on said strip 11.
[0124] NĂ©anmoins, on pourra Ă©galement envisager de placer ces inserts 40 sur la face supĂ©rieure 41 du bloc, voire sur les faces latĂ©rales 42, 43 comme cela est visible sur le bloc reprĂ©sentĂ© sur la figure 4. Dans ce dernier cas, on pourra avantageusement prĂ©voir dâenfoncer au moins lĂ©gĂšrement les plots 45, 46 dans un mat de fibres adjacent/contigĂŒe, avant son imprĂ©gnation par la mousse polymĂšre. [0124] Nevertheless, it is also possible to envisage placing these inserts 40 on the upper face 41 of the block, or even on the side faces 42, 43 as can be seen on the block shown in FIG. 4. In the latter case, we can advantageously provide for at least slightly pushing the pads 45, 46 into an adjacent / contiguous mat of fibers, before it is impregnated with the polymer foam.
[0125] Bien entendu, lâun de ces orifices 45 de lâancrage 40 peut en tant que tel ĂȘtre utilisĂ© pour former la partie femelle de lâancrage mais on peut Ă©galement prĂ©voir que lâancrage nĂ©cessite lâutilisation dâune pluralitĂ© dâorifices 45. Par ailleurs, ces orifices 45 consistent en une solution dâancrage mais lâinvention ne se limite en aucun cas Ă ce mode dâexĂ©cution et on pourra envisager un ou des ancrages 40 de forme et de caractĂ©ristiques mĂ©caniques diffĂ©rentes. [0125] Of course, one of these orifices 45 of the anchor 40 can as such be used to form the female part of the anchor, but it is also possible to provide that the anchor requires the use of a plurality of orifices 45. Furthermore, these orifices 45 consist of an anchoring solution but the invention is in no way limited to this embodiment and one or more anchors 40 of shape and mechanical characteristics can be considered. different.
[0126] En rĂ©fĂ©rence Ă la figure 6, une vue Ă©corchĂ©e d'un navire mĂ©thanier 70 montre une cuve Ă©tanche et isolante 71 de forme gĂ©nĂ©rale prismatique montĂ©e dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une barriĂšre Ă©tanche primaire destinĂ©e Ă ĂȘtre en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une barriĂšre Ă©tanche secondaire agencĂ©e entre la barriĂšre Ă©tanche primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barriĂšres isolante agencĂ©es respectivement entre la barriĂšre Ă©tanche primaire et la barriĂšre Ă©tanche secondaire et entre la barriĂšre Ă©tanche secondaire et la double coque 72. [0126] With reference to FIG. 6, a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulating tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the vessel. The wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary waterproof barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the vessel, a secondary waterproof barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the vessel. primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double shell 72.
[0127] De maniĂšre connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/dĂ©chargement 73 disposĂ©es sur le pont supĂ©rieur du navire peuvent ĂȘtre raccordĂ©es, au moyen de connecteurs appropriĂ©es, Ă un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transfĂ©rer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71. [0127] In a manner known per se, the loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring an LNG cargo from or to the tank. 71.
[0128] La figure 6 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui
supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de [0128] FIG. 6 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation. comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the pipes of
chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de méthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du méthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire méthanier 70 à grande distance de la cÎte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement. loading / unloading 73. The movable swivel arm 74 adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers. A connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77. The latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the underwater pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
[0129] Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en oeuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75. In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station are used. 75.
[0130] Comme cela a Ă©tĂ© Ă©noncĂ© prĂ©cĂ©demment, lâutilisation ou lâapplication de [0130] As stated above, the use or application of
lâobjet de la prĂ©sente invention, Ă savoir en lâespĂšce le bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e, nâentend pas ĂȘtre rĂ©duite Ă une cuve intĂ©grĂ©e dans une structure porteuse mais elle est Ă©galement prĂ©vue pour les cuves de type B et C du code IGC en vigueur Ă la date du dĂ©pĂŽt de la prĂ©sente demande, mais Ă©galement pour les versions futures de ce code sauf Ă ce que ces modifications trĂšs substantielles sây appliquent pour ces cuves de type B et C, Ă©tant entendu par ailleurs que dâautres types de cuves pourraient, dans cette hypothĂšse dâune modification du code IGC, devenir des applications the object of the present invention, namely in this case the block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam, is not intended to be reduced to a tank integrated into a supporting structure but it is also intended for tanks of type B and C of the IGC code in force on the date of filing of the present application, but also for future versions of this code except that these very substantial modifications apply to these tanks of type B and C, it being understood moreover that other types of tanks could, in this hypothesis of a modification of the IGC code, become applications
envisageables pour le bloc de mousse PUR/PIR fibrée selon la présente invention. that can be envisaged for the block of fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foam according to the present invention.
[0131 ] Dans la suite, une partie des expérimentations et tests réalisés par la [0131] In the following, part of the experiments and tests carried out by the
demanderesse pour lui permettre dâapprĂ©cier lâobjet de lâinvention et son Ă©tendue sont prĂ©sentĂ©s, Ă©tant considĂ©rĂ© que dâautres tests/expĂ©rimentations ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s et seront susceptibles dâĂȘtre fournis ultĂ©rieurement, si nĂ©cessaire/requis.
[0132] Une composition de mousse de polyurĂ©thane, intĂ©grant des fibres sous la forme de mats, est utilisĂ©e pour dĂ©montrer lâinvention, ces fibres se prĂ©sentant toujours comme longues Ă continues, plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment les longueurs de ces fibres sont exactement les mĂȘmes dans les compositions selon lâinvention et celles selon lâĂ©tat de la technique. La demanderesse a notamment testĂ© lâobjet de lâinvention avec des fibres dites courtes (par opposition Ă la dĂ©finition donnĂ©e prĂ©cĂ©demment aux fibres longues Ă continues) ou se prĂ©sentant sous la forme de tissu et les rĂ©sultats obtenus sont Ă©quivalents ou quasi-similaires Ă ceux obtenus avec un mat de fibres longues Ă continues, tels que prĂ©sentĂ©s ci- dessous. Applicant to enable it to appreciate the object of the invention and its scope are presented, it being considered that other tests / experiments have been carried out and will be likely to be provided subsequently, if necessary / required. A polyurethane foam composition, integrating fibers in the form of mats, is used to demonstrate the invention, these fibers always appearing as long to continuous, more precisely the lengths of these fibers are exactly the same in the compositions according to the invention and those according to the state of the art. The Applicant has in particular tested the subject of the invention with so-called short fibers (as opposed to the definition given above for long to continuous fibers) or which are in the form of a fabric and the results obtained are equivalent or almost similar to those obtained with a mat of long to continuous fibers, as presented below.
[0133] Ainsi, afin de bien sâassurer que seule la combinaison de caractĂ©ristiques particuliĂšres de densitĂ© en fibres des renforts de fibres avec le choix dâune mousse de PUR prĂ©sentant notamment un temps de crĂšme particulier, ou adaptĂ© aux caractĂ©ristiques desdits renforts de fibres, aucun autre paramĂštre de la prĂ©paration dâun bloc de mousse de P IR nâest modifiĂ© ou diffĂ©rent, entre les prĂ©parations conformes Ă lâinvention et celles conformes Ă lâĂ©tat de la technique. A titre dâexemples non exhaustif, on peut mentionner le fait que la nuclĂ©ation, les quantitĂ©s dâagents gonflants, les tempĂ©ratures de rĂ©action, nature et quantitĂ©s du mĂ©lange de composants chimiques, procĂ©dĂ© de coulage, distance entre le coulage du mĂ©lange de composants chimiques et le DBL ou le dispositif permettant lâexpansion libre, le cas Ă©chĂ©ant, sont rigoureusement identiques dans les cas selon lâinvention et les cas selon lâĂ©tat de la technique. [0133] Thus, in order to ensure that only the combination of particular characteristics of fiber density of the fiber reinforcements with the choice of a PUR foam having in particular a particular cream time, or adapted to the characteristics of said reinforcements of fibers, no other parameter of the preparation of a P IR foam block is modified or different, between the preparations in accordance with the invention and those in accordance with the state of the art. By way of non-exhaustive examples, mention may be made of the fact that the nucleation, the amounts of blowing agents, the reaction temperatures, nature and amounts of the mixture of chemical components, casting process, distance between the casting of the mixture of components chemicals and the DBL or the device allowing free expansion, where appropriate, are strictly identical in the cases according to the invention and in the cases according to the state of the art.
[0134] Bien entendu, on a choisi ici dâillustrer lâinvention Ă lâaide dâune mousse de PUR par souci de clartĂ© et de concision mais des rĂ©sultats Ă©quivalents ou quasi- similaires ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus avec des mousses de PIR ainsi que des mĂ©langes de PUR/PIR. Of course, it has been chosen here to illustrate the invention using a PUR foam for the sake of clarity and conciseness, but equivalent or almost similar results have been obtained with PIR foams as well. as mixtures of PUR / PIR.
[0135] De la mĂȘme maniĂšre, les prĂ©parations de mousse fibrĂ©e dont les rĂ©sultats sont prĂ©sentĂ©s ci-dessous utilisent la technique de lâexpansion libre mais la demanderesse a montrĂ© que des rĂ©sultats Ă©quivalents ou quasi-similaires, au regard de mousses fibrĂ©es selon lâinvention et de mousses fibrĂ©es selon lâĂ©tat de la technique, ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus en utilisant un DBL.
[0136] Il est entendu par ailleurs que toutes les compositions testĂ©es dans la suite sont considĂ©rĂ©es Ă iso-densitĂ©, Ă©tant entendu que ce paramĂštre de la densitĂ© intervient dans lâapprĂ©ciation des performances en rĂ©sistance Ă la compression. Likewise, the fiber foam preparations whose results are presented below use the free expansion technique, but the Applicant has shown that equivalent or almost similar results, with regard to fiber foams according to The invention and fiber foams according to the state of the art were obtained using a DBL. It is also understood that all the compositions tested below are considered to be isodensity, it being understood that this density parameter is involved in the assessment of performance in compressive strength.
[0137] Pour les compositions selon lâĂ©tat de la technique, les caractĂ©ristiques des renforts de fibres et de la mousse PUR sont les suivants : [0137] For the compositions according to the state of the art, the characteristics of the fiber reinforcements and of the PUR foam are as follows:
[0138] [Tableaux 1 ] [0138] [Tables 1]
[0139] Pour les compositions selon lâinvention, les caractĂ©ristiques des renforts de fibres et de la mousse PUR sont les suivants : For the compositions according to the invention, the characteristics of the fiber reinforcements and of the PUR foam are as follows:
[0140] [Tableaux 2] [0140] [Tables 2]
[0141 ] On note que le temps de crÚme pour les mousses PUR utilisées et [0141] It is noted that the cream time for the PUR foams used and
prĂ©sentĂ©es ci-dessus est logiquement le mĂȘme pour les compositions selon lâĂ©tat
de la technique et selon lâinvention, car la mousse utilisĂ©e est identique, quelque soit le cas considĂ©rĂ©. presented above is logically the same for the compositions according to the state of the technique and according to the invention, because the foam used is identical, whatever the case considered.
[0142] Suite Ă la rĂ©alisation des essais, certains rĂ©sultats sont prĂ©sentĂ©s, de maniĂšre simplifiĂ©e, ci-dessous pour illustrer les dĂ©couvertes de la demanderesse, dans le cas oĂč les renforts de fibres se prĂ©sentent sous la forme dâau moins un mat de fibres de verre. [0142] Following the performance of the tests, certain results are presented, in a simplified manner, below to illustrate the discoveries of the applicant, in the case where the fiber reinforcements are in the form of at least one mat. fiberglass.
[0143] [Tableaux 3] [0143] [Tables 3]
[0144] On notera que la premiĂšre composition (avec 8 couches de U809 ou U801 pour un bloc de 180 mm dâĂ©paisseur) du tableau 3 consiste en une composition conforme au document FR 2882756. Les rĂ©sultats pour une telle composition selon ce document sont trĂšs significativement infĂ©rieurs Ă ceux obtenus avec une composition selon la prĂ©sente invention (derniĂšre composition du tableau 3). It will be noted that the first composition (with 8 layers of U809 or U801 for a block 180 mm thick) in Table 3 consists of a composition in accordance with document FR 2882756. The results for such a composition according to this document are very significantly lower than those obtained with a composition according to the present invention (last composition of Table 3).
[0145] Comme on le voit avec les rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans le tableau ci-dessus, sur les trois critĂšres considĂ©rĂ©s pour comparer les mousses fibrĂ©es obtenues, celle conforme Ă lâinvention prĂ©sente des rĂ©sultats trĂšs significativement meilleurs que ceux des mousses fibrĂ©es selon lâĂ©tat de la technique. As can be seen with the results presented in the table above, on the three criteria considered to compare the fiber foams obtained, that in accordance with the invention exhibits very significantly better results than those of the fiber foams according to state of the art.
[0146] Par ailleurs, il faut noter que les mousses PUR/PIR fibrĂ©es selon lâinvention ne prĂ©sentent aucune dĂ©gradation significative de leur propriĂ©tĂ© relative Ă la (trĂšs faible) conductivitĂ© thermique. Ainsi, Ă titre dâexemple, pour une mousse fibrĂ©e selon lâinvention, prĂ©sentant un gradient de densitĂ© en fibres de 1 % en masse par centimĂštre (depuis la face infĂ©rieure vers la face supĂ©rieure du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e), on obtient les valeurs suivantes de conductivitĂ© thermique : [0146] Furthermore, it should be noted that the fiber-reinforced PUR / PIR foams according to the invention do not exhibit any significant degradation of their property relating to (very low) thermal conductivity. Thus, by way of example, for a fiber-reinforced foam according to the invention, having a fiber density gradient of 1% by mass per centimeter (from the lower face towards the upper face of the block of fiber-reinforced foam), the following are obtained. following values of thermal conductivity:
[0147] [Tableaux 4] [0147] [Tables 4]
[0148] Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de [0148] Although the invention has been described in connection with several modes of
réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention. particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention.
[0149] L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those stated in a claim.
[0150] Dans les revendications, tout signe de rĂ©fĂ©rence entre parenthĂšses ne saurait ĂȘtre interprĂ©tĂ© comme une limitation de la revendication.
[0150] In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
Claims
[Revendication 1] iBIoc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e dâun massif dâisolation thermique (30) dâune cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante, la masse volumique du bloc de mousse fibrĂ©e est comprise entre 30 et 300 kg/m3, le bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e prĂ©sentant une densitĂ© moyenne en fibres Tf comprise entre 1 % et 60% en masse de fibres (10), de prĂ©fĂ©rence entre 2% et 30%, et prĂ©sentant une largeur L dâau moins dix centimĂštres, avantageusement comprise entre 10 et 500 centimĂštres, et une Ă©paisseur (E), depuis la face infĂ©rieure dudit bloc jusquâĂ sa face supĂ©rieure, dâau moins dix centimĂštres, avantageusement comprise entre 10 et 100 centimĂštres, le bloc de mousse de [Claim 1] iBIoc of polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam fiberized from a thermal insulation block (30) from a sealed and thermally insulating tank, the density of the block of fiber foam is between 30 and 300 kg / m 3 , the block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam having an average fiber density Tf of between 1% and 60% by mass of fibers (10), preferably between 2% and 30%, and having a width L of at least ten centimeters, advantageously between 10 and 500 centimeters, and a thickness (E), from the lower face of said block to its upper face, of at least ten centimeters, advantageously between 10 and 100 centimeters, the foam block of
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée étant composé de cellules fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate being composed of cells
emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement Ă faible conductivitĂ© thermique, caractĂ©risĂ© en ce que la densitĂ© de fibres augmente suivant lâĂ©paisseur E, depuis la face infĂ©rieure dudit bloc jusquâĂ sa face supĂ©rieure (41 ), dâun domaine infĂ©rieur de densitĂ© compris entre 1 % et 9,99% en masse de fibres (10) Ă une domaine supĂ©rieur de densitĂ© compris entre 10% et 35% en masse de fibres (10). storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, characterized in that the fiber density increases according to the thickness E, from the lower face of said block to its upper face (41), by a lower density range between 1% and 9.99% by mass of fibers (10) at a higher density range of between 10% and 35% by mass of fibers (10).
[Revendication 2] Bloc de mousse de polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel la masse volumique du bloc de mousse fibrée est comprise entre 50 et 250 kg/m3, de préférence entre 90 et 210 kg/m3. [Claim 2] A block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam according to claim 1, wherein the density of the block of fiber-reinforced foam is between 50 and 250 kg / m 3 , preferably between 90 and 210 kg / m 3 .
[Revendication 3] Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel lâaugmentation de la densitĂ© en fibres, rapportĂ©e Ă la masse totale de la mousse [Claim 3] A fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the increase in fiber density, relative to the total mass of the foam
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée, correspond à un gradient polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber, corresponds to a gradient
dâaugmentation compris entre 0,05% et 1 ,5% en masse de fibres par centimĂštre, de prĂ©fĂ©rence compris entre 0,2% et 1 ,2% en masse de fibres par centimĂštre. increase of between 0.05% and 1.5% by weight of fibers per centimeter, preferably between 0.2% and 1.2% by weight of fibers per centimeter.
[Revendication 4] Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâune quelconque des revendications prĂ©cĂ©dentes, dans lequel au moins 60%, de prĂ©fĂ©rence au moins 80%, des susdites cellules [Claim 4] A block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, of said cells
emmagasinant un gaz, avantageusement à faible conductivité thermique,
prĂ©sentent une forme allongĂ©e ou Ă©tirĂ©e suivant un axe parallĂšle Ă lâaxe dâune Ă©paisseur E du bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e.storing a gas, advantageously of low thermal conductivity, have an elongated or stretched shape along an axis parallel to the axis of a thickness E of the block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam.
[Revendication 5] Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâune quelconque des revendications prĂ©cĂ©dentes, dans lequel les fibres consistent en de la fibre de verre ou de la fibre de chanvre, de prĂ©fĂ©rence en de la fibre de verre. [Claim 5] A polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam block according to any preceding claim, wherein the fibers consist of glass fiber or hemp fiber, preferably glass fiber.
[Revendication 6] Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâune quelconque des revendications prĂ©cĂ©dentes, dans lequel les fibres sont des fibres longues Ă continues. [Claim 6] A fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam block according to any preceding claim, wherein the fibers are long to continuous fibers.
[Revendication 7] Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâune quelconque des revendications prĂ©cĂ©dentes, dans lequel la densitĂ© moyenne en fibres Tf est comprise entre 2% et 25%, de prĂ©fĂ©rence 4% et 15%. [Claim 7] A fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam block according to any preceding claim, in which the average fiber density Tf is between 2% and 25%, preferably 4% and 15%.
[Revendication 8] Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâune quelconque des revendications prĂ©cĂ©dentes, dans lequel la densitĂ© en fibres dans le domaine infĂ©rieur est comprise entre 2% et 6% en masse de fibres (10) et la densitĂ© en fibres dans le domaine supĂ©rieur est comprise entre 12% et 25% en masse de fibres (10). [Claim 8] A fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam block according to any preceding claim, wherein the fiber density in the lower region is between 2% and 6% by weight of fibers (10) and the density of fibers. in the upper range is between 12% and 25% by weight of fibers (10).
[Revendication 9] Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâune quelconque des revendications prĂ©cĂ©dentes, dans lequel la face infĂ©rieure et/ou la face supĂ©rieure (41 ), de prĂ©fĂ©rence la face supĂ©rieure (41 ), dudit bloc prĂ©sente(nt) des ancrages (40) aptes Ă venir en prise avec un moyen de prise du massif dâisolation thermique (30) afin dâancrer le bloc de mousse audit massif (30), de prĂ©fĂ©rence lesdits ancrages (40) Ă©tant constituĂ©s en une matiĂšre diffĂ©rente de la mousse ou des fibres. [Claim 9] A block of fibered polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the lower face and / or the upper face (41), preferably the upper face (41), of said block has (s) anchors (40) adapted to engage with a means for engaging the thermal insulation block (30) in order to anchor the block of foam to said block (30), preferably said anchors (40) being made of a material different from foam or fibers.
[Revendication 10] Bloc de mousse polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâune quelconque des revendications prĂ©cĂ©dentes, comportant un retardateur de flamme dans une proportion comprise entre 0,1 % et 5% en masse, du type organophosphorĂ©, avantageusement le triĂ©thylphosphate (TEP), le tris(2-chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), du tris(1 ,3- dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCP), du tris(2-chloroĂ©thyl) phosphate ou du tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, ou un mĂ©lange de ceux-ci, ou du type retardateur de flamme inorganique, avantageusement du phosphore rouge, du graphite expansible, un hydrate dâoxyde dâaluminium, un trioxyde
dâantimoine, un oxyde dâarsenic, un polyphosphate dâammonium, un sulfate de calcium ou des dĂ©rivĂ©s dâacide cyanurique, un mĂ©lange de ceux-ci. [Claim 10] Polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam block according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a flame retardant in a proportion of between 0.1% and 5% by mass, of the organophosphorus type, advantageously triethylphosphate (TEP) , tris (2-chloroiso-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris (1, 3- dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate or tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, or a mixture of these, or of the inorganic flame retardant type, advantageously red phosphorus, expandable graphite, an aluminum oxide hydrate, a trioxide antimony, arsenic oxide, ammonium polyphosphate, calcium sulphate or cyanuric acid derivatives, a mixture thereof.
[Revendication 11 ] Cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante, ladite cuve consistant en : [Claim 11] Tight and thermally insulating tank, said tank consisting of:
- une cuve intĂ©grĂ©e dans une structure porteuse comportant une cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante comprenant au moins une membrane mĂ©tallique Ă©tanche composĂ©e dâune pluralitĂ© de virures mĂ©talliques ou plaques mĂ©talliques pouvant comporter des ondulations et un massif thermiquement isolant (30) comportant au moins une barriĂšre thermiquement isolante adjacente Ă ladite membrane, ou - a tank integrated into a supporting structure comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising at least one sealed metal membrane composed of a plurality of metal strakes or metal plates which may include corrugations and a thermally insulating solid (30) comprising at least one barrier thermally insulating adjacent to said membrane, or
- une cuve de type A, B ou C selon la définition donnée par le code IGC comportant au moins un massif thermiquement isolant (30), - a type A, B or C tank according to the definition given by the IGC code comprising at least one thermally insulating block (30),
caractĂ©risĂ©e en ce que le massif thermiquement isolant (30) comporte une pluralitĂ© de blocs de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e selon lâune quelconque des revendications prĂ©cĂ©dentes. characterized in that the thermally insulating mass (30) comprises a plurality of blocks of fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam according to any one of the preceding claims.
[Revendication 12] Navire (70) pour le transport dâun produit liquide froid, le navire comportant au moins une coque (72) et une cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante (71 ) selon la revendication 11 disposĂ©e dans la coque ou montĂ©e sur ledit navire (70) lorsque ladite cuve est du type A, B ou C selon la dĂ©finition donnĂ©e par le code IGC. [Claim 12] A vessel (70) for the transport of a cold liquid product, the vessel comprising at least one hull (72) and a sealed and thermally insulating tank (71) according to claim 11 disposed in the hull or mounted on said hull. ship (70) when said tank is of type A, B or C according to the definition given by the IGC code.
[Revendication 13] SystĂšme de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le [Claim 13] A transfer system for a cold liquid product, the
systĂšme comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication prĂ©cĂ©dente, des canalisations isolĂ©es (73, 76, 79, 81 ) agencĂ©es de maniĂšre Ă relier la cuve (71 ) installĂ©e dans la coque du navire Ă une unitĂ© de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entraĂźner un flux de produit liquide froid Ă travers les canalisations isolĂ©es depuis ou vers lâunitĂ© de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis le navire (70). system comprising a ship (70) according to the preceding claim, insulated pipes (73, 76, 79, 81) arranged so as to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the ship to a floating or terrestrial storage unit (77 ) and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or onshore storage unit to or from the vessel (70).
[Revendication 14] ProcĂ©dĂ© de chargement ou dĂ©chargement dâun navire (70) selon la revendication 12, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid Ă travers des canalisations isolĂ©es (73, 76, 79, 81 ) depuis ou vers une unitĂ© de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers ou depuis le navire (71 ). [Claim 14] A method of loading or unloading a ship (70) according to claim 12, wherein a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipelines (73, 76, 79, 81) from or to a storage unit. floating or land (77) to or from the ship (71).
[Revendication 15] ProcĂ©dĂ© de prĂ©paration dâun bloc de mousse de [Claim 15] Process for preparing a block of foam
polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e dâun massif dâisolation thermique dâune
cuve Ă©tanche et thermiquement isolante selon lâune des revendications 1 Ă 10, caractĂ©risĂ© en ce quâil comprend les Ă©tapes: polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fibred from a thermal insulation block with a sealed and thermally insulating tank according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises the steps:
a) de mĂ©lange (12) de composants chimiques nĂ©cessaires Ă lâobtention dâune mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate, lesdits composants comportant des rĂ©actifs pour lâobtention de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate, a) a mixture (12) of chemical components necessary for obtaining a polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam, said components comprising reagents for obtaining polyurethane / polyisocyanurate,
éventuellement au moins un catalyseur de réaction, éventuellement au moins un émulsifiant, et au moins un agent gonflant, optionally at least one reaction catalyst, optionally at least one emulsifier, and at least one blowing agent,
b) dâimprĂ©gnation, par Ă©coulement gravitationnel du susdit mĂ©lange (12) de composants chimiques, dâune pluralitĂ© de renforts de fibres (10), lesdits renforts de fibres Ă©tant disposĂ©s en couches superposĂ©es et prĂ©sentant des densitĂ©s variables, une couche supĂ©rieure de renfort ayant une densitĂ© en fibres au moins Ă©gale Ă celle de la couche infĂ©rieure de renfort, dans lesquels les renforts de fibres (10) sâĂ©tendent essentiellement suivant une direction perpendiculaire Ă la direction dudit Ă©coulement gravitationnel, b) impregnation, by gravitational flow of the aforesaid mixture (12) of chemical components, of a plurality of fiber reinforcements (10), said fiber reinforcements being arranged in superimposed layers and having variable densities, an upper layer of reinforcement having a fiber density at least equal to that of the lower reinforcing layer, in which the fiber reinforcements (10) extend essentially in a direction perpendicular to the direction of said gravitational flow,
c) de formation et dâexpansion de la mousse de c) formation and expansion of the foam
polyuréthane/polyisocyanurate fibrée, polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber,
dans lequel lâexpansion de la mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e est dite libre, soit sans la contrainte exercĂ©e par un volume de section fermĂ©e, ou in which the expansion of the polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam is said to be free, either without the stress exerted by a volume of closed section, or
dans lequel lâexpansion de la mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e est physiquement contrainte par des parois dâun laminateur double bande, de prĂ©fĂ©rence est physiquement contrainte par les parois dâun laminateur double bande formant un tunnel de section rectangulaire avec une distance entre les parois disposĂ©es latĂ©ralement Ă©gale Ă L et une distance entre les parois disposĂ©es horizontalement Ă©gale Ă (E), enfermant ainsi la mousse fibrĂ©e en expansion de maniĂšre Ă obtenir le susdit bloc de mousse de polyurĂ©thane/polyisocyanurate fibrĂ©e.j
wherein the expansion of the fiber-reinforced polyurethane / polyisocyanurate foam is physically constrained by walls of a double strip laminator, preferably is physically constrained by the walls of a double strip laminator forming a tunnel of rectangular cross section with a distance between the walls disposed laterally equal to L and a distance between the walls disposed horizontally equal to (E), thus enclosing the expanding fibered foam so as to obtain the aforesaid block of polyurethane / polyisocyanurate fiber foam.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1903123A FR3094451B1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2019-03-26 | Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam block for a thermal insulation block for a tank and process for its preparation |
PCT/FR2020/000059 WO2020193874A1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-03-16 | Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam block of a thermal insulation mass of a vessel, and preparation process thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3947504A1 true EP3947504A1 (en) | 2022-02-09 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20723452.7A Pending EP3947504A1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-03-16 | Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam block of a thermal insulation mass of a vessel, and preparation process thereof |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3947504A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022528619A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20210146953A (en) |
CN (1) | CN113631611B (en) |
FR (1) | FR3094451B1 (en) |
SG (1) | SG11202110316VA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020193874A1 (en) |
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WO2021233765A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-25 | Basf Se | A polyurethane-forming system, a composite comprising the polyurethane-forming system and a fiber-reinforced material, a process for the production of the composite, and the use of the composite |
FR3130677B1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-03-08 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Method of producing an insulating panel by a production machine. |
FR3130676B1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-03-08 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Method of continuous production of an insulating panel by a production machine |
TW202348668A (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-16 | çŸćé¶æ°ć šçç§ææéèČŹä»»ć Źćž | Rigid polyurethane foam formulation and method to make fiber reinforced polyurethane foam suitable for cryogenic applications |
Family Cites Families (6)
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JP4456376B2 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2010-04-28 | ăăăąăčæ ȘćŒäŒç€Ÿ | Polyol composition and glass fiber reinforced rigid polyurethane foam using the composition |
FR2882756B1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2007-04-27 | Gaz Transp Et Technigaz Soc Pa | FOAM OF POLYURETHAN-POLYISOCYANURATE REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBERS |
DE502008001038D1 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2010-09-09 | Basf Se | WATER-DRIVEN SOLID FUELS FOR THE ISOLATION OF LIQUEFIED GAS TANKS |
CN104781315B (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2019-03-08 | ć·ŽæŻć€«æŹ§æŽČć Źćž | Reduce the hard polyurethane foams shunk |
FI3464436T3 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2023-04-27 | Basf Se | Fibre reinforcement of reactive foams obtained by a double belt foaming or a block foaming method |
FR3088571B1 (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-12-17 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PREPARING A BLOCK OF POLYURETHANE / POLYISOCYANURATE FOAM FROM A THERMAL INSULATION MASS OF A TANK |
-
2019
- 2019-03-26 FR FR1903123A patent/FR3094451B1/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-03-16 JP JP2021556765A patent/JP2022528619A/en active Pending
- 2020-03-16 KR KR1020217033304A patent/KR20210146953A/en active Search and Examination
- 2020-03-16 WO PCT/FR2020/000059 patent/WO2020193874A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-03-16 EP EP20723452.7A patent/EP3947504A1/en active Pending
- 2020-03-16 CN CN202080024116.2A patent/CN113631611B/en active Active
- 2020-03-16 SG SG11202110316VA patent/SG11202110316VA/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3094451B1 (en) | 2022-12-23 |
CN113631611A (en) | 2021-11-09 |
CN113631611B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
SG11202110316VA (en) | 2021-10-28 |
KR20210146953A (en) | 2021-12-06 |
JP2022528619A (en) | 2022-06-15 |
FR3094451A1 (en) | 2020-10-02 |
WO2020193874A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
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