EP3946870A1 - Outillage de preformage d'une preforme fibreuse et procede de preformage d'une preforme fibreuse - Google Patents
Outillage de preformage d'une preforme fibreuse et procede de preformage d'une preforme fibreuseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3946870A1 EP3946870A1 EP20728111.4A EP20728111A EP3946870A1 EP 3946870 A1 EP3946870 A1 EP 3946870A1 EP 20728111 A EP20728111 A EP 20728111A EP 3946870 A1 EP3946870 A1 EP 3946870A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- preforming
- fiber preform
- tool
- preform
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940104181 polyflex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/544—Details of vacuum bags, e.g. materials or shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B11/00—Making preforms
- B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
- B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
Definitions
- TITLE TOOLS FOR PREFORMING A FIBROUS PREFORM AND PROCESS FOR PREFORMING A FIBROUS PREFORM
- the present invention relates to the field of turbine engine parts made of composite material for aircraft. It relates in particular to the design and / or manufacture of these composite parts as well as the corresponding tools.
- Turbomachines are increasingly equipped with complex shaped parts and at least partly in composite materials. These composite materials include a fibrous reinforcement embedded in a matrix in order, on the one hand, to reduce the masses and improve the thermomechanical strengths of these parts, and on the other hand, to improve the performance of the turbomachine. Examples of composite materials are described in documents US-A1 - 2014/175709, US-B2- 8 419 875 and US-A1 -2013/099427.
- Variable unload valve conduit is one piece made of composite materials and includes outgoing pipes, elbows, fittings, etc.
- the difficulty for this type of part is the establishment of the fibrous folds or fibrous structures which make up the fibrous reinforcement.
- the fibrous folds have a certain rigidity due to the weaving of the strands or threads (a strand is made up of several thousand filaments).
- the fibrous reinforcement which forms the fibrous preform of the unloading valve duct is formed beforehand on an external support and is stiffened to facilitate positioning in the injection mold and subsequent injection of the die into the injection mold.
- the fibrous reinforcement is shaped in the rigid injection mold.
- a tackifier or deionized water is applied to the different plies in order, on the one hand, to temporarily bind the different plies together and to keep the plies in the mold, and on the other hand to allow injection of the matrix.
- the water allows a breakdown of the electrical attraction between the negatively charged chains, as well as the breakdown of hydrogen and peptide bonds when the folds are wet. These bonds activate during drying.
- the tackifier this is a kind of weak bonding glue.
- a particular objective of the present invention is to simplify and facilitate the shaping of a fiber preform for a part made of composite material of complex shape so as to optimize the injection of the matrix for its densification.
- a first inflatable membrane intended to receive the fiber preform with a fiber reinforcement
- a device for evacuating the internal cavity between the first membrane and the second membrane a device for evacuating the internal cavity between the first membrane and the second membrane.
- the tool makes it possible to facilitate the placement of the folds intended to form the fiber preform on the first membrane (called male), to compact the preform between the first membrane and the second membrane (called female) using vacuum, to facilitate demolding of the preformed preform by removing the second female membrane once the vacuum has been cut and by extracting the first male membrane once the latter has been deflated.
- the tooling saves time since the tooling also allows the drying of the folds forming the fiber preform and its release without risk of loosening and deformation of the preformed fiber preform before injection of the matrix.
- preforming we mean shaping and maintaining the shape of the preform before a matrix impregnates the fibers thereof.
- the preformed preform then presents or approaches the shape that the final part must have.
- the tooling also includes one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
- the first membrane comprises a wall which is closed so as to form a chamber.
- At least the first membrane is made of an elastic material.
- the elastic material includes silicone.
- the first membrane and the second membrane are attached to one another in a removable manner.
- the fixing system includes sealing elements.
- the vacuum device comprises a vacuum pump or a venturi effect system or a compressor.
- the method of preforming the fiber preform also includes one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination:
- the step of placing the plies comprises moistening each ply forming the humidified fiber preform.
- the fibers of the fiber preform are not impregnated with a resin before wetting.
- the vacuuming step includes drying and compacting the moistened fiber preform.
- FIG. 1 shows a part of an aircraft turbomachine made in a single piece of composite material.
- the turbomachine part (here the duct 1) made of composite material is made with a fibrous reinforcement (not shown) and a matrix in which the fibrous reinforcement is embedded.
- the fibrous reinforcement comprises several plies, webs, layers or structures of fibers bonded together. These folds can be three-dimensional (3D woven), two-dimensional (2D woven) of threads or strands which are each composed of several filaments or unidirectional.
- the fibrous reinforcement is intended to form the fibrous preform which has the general shape of the part to be obtained.
- the preforming tool 10 comprises a first membrane 11 (called male) which is intended to receive the fiber preform.
- the first membrane 1 1 is inflatable (and deflatable) so on the one hand, to facilitate the installation of the fiber preform and on the other hand to facilitate the subsequent release of the preform without risk of damaging it.
- the first membrane 11 is made of an elastic material so as to allow its inflation and deflation.
- inflatable we mean here increasing the volume of the membrane by means of a fluid. By evacuating the fluid, the membrane deflates to regain its initial volume.
- the wall of the first membrane is closed so as to form a chamber 12 here receiving air, and preferably under pressure.
- the wall of the first membrane 1 1 comprises an inlet orifice 13 for supplying air to the chamber 12.
- the tool 10 comprises an inflation system 14 (shown schematically) which is connected on the one hand to a source of compressed air and on the other hand to a nozzle 15 which is intended to be coupled to the inlet orifice. 13 of the first membrane 1 1.
- the compressed air source supplies the air necessary to inflate the first membrane 1 1.
- the wall of the first membrane 11 also comprises an outlet orifice 16.
- the latter is equipped with a movable wall portion so as to occupy a first position in which the outlet orifice is closed and a second position in which the the outlet is open. It goes without saying that in the first position, the chamber retains the air during its inflation (filling with air) or after inflation, and that in the second position, the chamber empties of its air through the outlet orifice. 16 to deflate the first membrane 1 1.
- the tool 10 also includes a second membrane 18 (called female) which is fixed in a sealed manner to the first membrane 11.
- the second membrane 18 cooperates with the first membrane so as to form a sealed internal cavity 19 between the first membrane and the second membrane.
- the tool 10 includes a fastening system 20 which is installed at the peripheral edges 21, 22 of the first and second membranes 1 1, 18.
- the fastening system 20 is located at least partly on the first membrane 11 and / or on the second membrane 18.
- the fastening system may include a waterproof zip.
- the fixing system 20 comprises sealing elements comprising a sealing gasket made of deformable material. The seal is added during the manufacturing process and the installation of the male and female membranes. This deformable material can be a plastiline® strip. The sealing elements make it possible to maintain a space between the membranes and thus facilitate the formation of the internal cavity.
- the fixing system 20 comprises elements which can be clipped between the first and the second membranes.
- one of the first and second membranes includes a groove, for example, and the other of the first and second membranes includes an omega-shaped tab, for example. The tab and the groove fit together to form a seal.
- the second membrane 18 is also made of an elastic material.
- the elastic material can be a silicone.
- the tool 10 comprises a device 25 for evacuating the internal cavity between the first membrane and the second membrane.
- the vacuum device comprises a vacuum pump or a compressor which is connected to a suction port 26 made here in the wall of the second membrane 18 by means of a pipe 27.
- the vacuum device comprises a venturi effect system which provides for a difference in section on the pipe connected to the suction port to create a pressure difference.
- the venturi effect system is easy to maintain and economical.
- the preforming process is carried out using the preforming tool as described above.
- the method comprises a step of inflating the first membrane 11. Air is blown into the chamber 12 of the first membrane via the inflation system.
- the method then comprises placing the fiber preform with a fiber reinforcement on the first membrane 11 which is then inflated.
- a fiber reinforcement on the first membrane 11 which is then inflated.
- several fibrous folds are arranged one by one on the outer wall of the first so as to forming a thickness of the fibrous reinforcement. These folds are also moistened so as to allow the fibers to be held together while all the fibrous folds are placed on the first membrane 11.
- the fibrous reinforcement is not impregnated beforehand with a resin.
- water is used to moisten the various folds.
- the water is filtered and preferably deionized.
- the second membrane 18 is then applied over the wet or humidified fiber preform obtained and the first membrane.
- the fiber preform is thus found between the first membrane and the second membrane, and in particular in the internal, sealed cavity 19 of the tool.
- a vacuum is carried out in the internal cavity 19. This is carried out by means of the aforementioned vacuum device.
- the vacuum will compact the fibers together and dry the fibers of the fibrous folds forming the humidified fibrous preform. Water is evacuated by lowering its boiling point. All the folds are firmly assembled together at the end of this step. The evacuation is carried out for a predetermined time which is for example of the order of a few seconds.
- the vacuum is also carried out at a pressure between 0.005 and 0.100 bar.
- the preform is then demolded.
- the second membrane 18 is removed from the first membrane 1 1, as well as the preform itself, then the first membrane 1 1 is deflated.
- the dry preform is placed in an injection mold using for example RTM technology (stands for "Resin Transfer Molding”). Its movement is facilitated thanks to its preforming. There is no risk of the fibers slipping between them.
- a matrix is injected into the mold so as to achieve impregnation and densification of the fibers of the fiber preform and thus obtain the part made of composite material, here the conduit.
- the mold comprises a first impression intended to collect the preformed preform here dry.
- a back mold having a second cavity is intended to form with the first cavity an injection space for the die.
- the matrix is chosen according to the desired application.
- the matrix can be an epoxy-based thermosetting resin or a phenolic resin such as polybismaleimides (BMI). Prior to die injection, the injection mold is closed with the back mold. Other processes such as infusion, RTM light or Polyflex are, of course, possible.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1903191A FR3094265B1 (fr) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Outillage de preformage d’une preforme fibreuse et procede de preformage d’une preforme fibreuse |
PCT/FR2020/050590 WO2020193921A1 (fr) | 2019-03-27 | 2020-03-18 | Outillage de preformage d'une preforme fibreuse et procede de preformage d'une preforme fibreuse |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3946870A1 true EP3946870A1 (fr) | 2022-02-09 |
Family
ID=67262681
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20728111.4A Pending EP3946870A1 (fr) | 2019-03-27 | 2020-03-18 | Outillage de preformage d'une preforme fibreuse et procede de preformage d'une preforme fibreuse |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220126535A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3946870A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022525279A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN113490583A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112021016836A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3128569A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3094265B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020193921A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3130675B1 (fr) | 2021-12-21 | 2023-11-03 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Outillage et procédé de moulage d’un conduit pour une turbomachine d’aéronef |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5087187A (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1992-02-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Apparatus for molding hollow composite articles having internal reinforcement structures |
CA2679111C (fr) * | 2007-02-23 | 2013-01-22 | Richard W. Rydin | Procede de fabrication et d'utilisation d'un sac sous vide en caoutchouc naturel forme par pulverisation |
US8936695B2 (en) * | 2007-07-28 | 2015-01-20 | The Boeing Company | Method for forming and applying composite layups having complex geometries |
ITTO20070659A1 (it) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-03-21 | Alenia Aeronautica Spa | Procedimento di fabbricazione di un elemento strutturale curvilineo in materiale composito avente una sezione aperta complessa. |
DE102010014545B4 (de) * | 2010-04-10 | 2013-09-19 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Komposit-Formteils aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff |
US8572786B2 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2013-11-05 | Reebok International Limited | Method for manufacturing inflatable bladders for use in footwear and other articles of manufacture |
EP2687357B1 (fr) * | 2012-07-16 | 2014-12-24 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Procédé et système de production de composants composites à base de fibres |
GB201223032D0 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-02-06 | Cytec Ind Inc | Method for forming shaped preform |
KR20180104653A (ko) * | 2016-01-21 | 2018-09-21 | 사이텍 인더스트리스 인코포레이티드 | 복잡한 형상의 복합재 구조의 제작 |
GB2556043A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-05-23 | Composite Tech And Applications Limited | A method of de-bulking a pre-form for a composite component |
-
2019
- 2019-03-27 FR FR1903191A patent/FR3094265B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-03-18 CA CA3128569A patent/CA3128569A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-03-18 US US17/434,307 patent/US20220126535A1/en active Pending
- 2020-03-18 BR BR112021016836-2A patent/BR112021016836A2/pt unknown
- 2020-03-18 WO PCT/FR2020/050590 patent/WO2020193921A1/fr unknown
- 2020-03-18 JP JP2021549775A patent/JP2022525279A/ja active Pending
- 2020-03-18 CN CN202080016895.1A patent/CN113490583A/zh active Pending
- 2020-03-18 EP EP20728111.4A patent/EP3946870A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3094265A1 (fr) | 2020-10-02 |
CN113490583A (zh) | 2021-10-08 |
BR112021016836A2 (pt) | 2021-10-19 |
US20220126535A1 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
FR3094265B1 (fr) | 2022-01-28 |
WO2020193921A1 (fr) | 2020-10-01 |
CA3128569A1 (fr) | 2020-10-01 |
JP2022525279A (ja) | 2022-05-12 |
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