EP3946863A1

EP3946863A1 - Extruder device, extruder system and use of an extruder device and/or of an extruder system

Info

Publication number: EP3946863A1
Application number: EP20716715.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jens HÄFNER; Tobias Huth; Knut Kasten; Peter MÖGLE
Original assignee: Putzmeister Engineering GmbH
Current assignee: Putzmeister Engineering GmbH
Priority date: 2019-03-27
Filing date: 2020-03-25
Publication date: 2022-02-09
Also published as: US20220250276A1; CN113710442A; DE102019204228A1; CA3134231A1; JP2022526535A; AU2020247393A1; KR20210143828A; WO2020193605A1

Abstract

An extruder device (1) for extruding a strand (ST) of building material (BS) for the 3D printing of a building structure part (BWT), wherein the extruder device (1) comprises: an extruder die (5), wherein the extruder die (5) has an outlet opening (2) for discharging the strand (ST) of building material (BS) out of the extruder device (1); and at least one covering element (8, 8a, 8b), wherein the at least one covering element (8, 8a, 8b) is designed to cover at least one part (2a) of the outlet opening (2) in such a way that an opening cross section (3) of at least one uncovered part (2b) of the outlet opening (2) assigns a strand cross section (4) of the discharged strand (ST) of building material (BS).

Description

Extruder device, extruder system and use of an extruder device and / or one

Extruder system

AREA OF APPLICATION AND STATE OF THE ART

The invention relates to an extruder device for the extrusion of a strand of building material for the 3D printing of a structural part, an extruder system with such an extruder device and a use of such an extruder device and / or such an extruder system.

TASK AND SOLUTION

The object of the invention is to provide an extruder device for the extrusion of a strand of building material for the 3D printing of a building part, which has improved properties, in particular allows more freedom. A further object of the invention is to provide an extruder system with such an extruder device and a use of such an extruder device and / or such an extruder system.

The invention solves this problem by providing an extruder device with the features of claim 1, an extruder system with the features of claim 9, claim 11, claim 12 and / or claim 13 and a use with the features of claim 15 Further developments and / or refinements of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

The extruder device according to the invention is designed or configured for the extrusion of a strand of building material for the 3D printing of an, in particular 3-dimensional, structural part. The extruder device has an extruder nozzle and at least one cover element. The extruder nozzle has an exit opening for the exit of the strand of building material from the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle. The, in particular at least one, cover element is designed or configured to cover, in particular at least and / or only part of the outlet opening, or covers such that, in particular only, one opening cross section, in particular one area of the opening cross section, in particular at least one uncovered part of the outlet opening a strand cross-section, in particular an area of the strand cross-section, of the emerged or extruded strand of building material, in particular predetermines its shape. In particular, the extruder device can be referred to as an extruder head. Additionally or alternatively, the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, can be designed or configured for extrusion or for the exit of the strand of building material from the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, in particular the outlet opening, in a non-vertical, in particular horizontal, exit direction. In other words: the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, does not need or cannot be designed or configured in a vertical exit direction for extrusion or for the exit of the strand of building material from the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, in particular the outlet opening. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the extruder device for depositing the strand that has emerged can be designed in such a way that the strand, in particular the strand that has been deposited, maintains its strand cross section, in particular the strand that has emerged. In other words: the extruder device does not need or cannot be designed in such a way that the building material needs or can be pressed onto an already existing building material layer or layer and thus be deformed.

The strand, in particular which has emerged, can be continuous or extend in, in particular, a certain length.

The building material can be concrete, in particular fresh concrete, and / or thixotropic and / or puncture-proof or dimensionally stable, in particular during the discharge. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the building material can have a maximum grain size of at least 4 millimeters (mm), in particular of a minimum of 10 mm, in particular of a minimum of 16 mm.

3 printing can be called additive manufacturing. Additionally or alternatively, the strand can be laid down or applied, in particular in layers, to a strand or an already extruded strand and / or a further strand can be laid down or applied, in particular in layers, on the strand (s).

The structural part can be a building structural part and / or a wall and / or a ceiling. Additionally or alternatively, the strand, in particular a width of the strand, can have the, in particular the entire, wall and / or ceiling thickness.

The extruder nozzle, in particular the outlet opening, can be tubular and / or, in particular by at least one circumferential wall, closed on the circumferential side, in particular in / against at least one circumferential direction orthogonal to an outlet direction. Additionally or alternatively, the extruder nozzle can have the outlet opening at one end, in particular at the front and / or front end. Next in addition or alternatively, the outlet opening can be referred to as a discharge opening or discharge opening. Furthermore, in addition or as an alternative, the outlet opening can be planar or even. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the exit opening can have an, in particular maximum, opening width of a minimum of 100 mm, in particular a minimum of 200 mm, and / or a maximum of 800 mm, in particular a maximum of 600 mm, in particular 400 mm, in particular in a first circumferential direction orthogonal to an exit direction . Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the outlet opening can have an, in particular a maximum, opening height of at least 15 mm, in particular a minimum of 25 mm, and / or a maximum of 400 mm, in particular a maximum of 200 mm, in particular a maximum of 100 mm, in particular 50 mm, in particular in a closed a second circumferential direction orthogonal to an exit direction. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the outlet opening can have a quadrangular shape, in particular a trapezoidal shape, in particular a parallelogram shape, in particular a rectangular shape.

The cover element can be referred to as a screen or template. Additionally or alternatively, the extruder device can have two cover elements. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the at least one cover element can be different from the extruder nozzle. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the, in particular at least one, cover element can be planar or even. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, a, in particular a maximum, ratio between the, in particular at least one, covered part and the, in particular at least one, uncovered part can be a minimum of 0.05, in particular a minimum of 0.1, in particular a minimum of 0.2, in particular a minimum of 0, 5, in particular at least 1. In particular, the, in particular at least one, cover element can be designed to completely cover the outlet opening. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the, in particular at least one, covered part can have a rectangular shape, in particular a trapezoidal shape, in particular a parallelogram shape, in particular a rectangular shape, and / or a circular segment shape, in particular a circular shape, and / or a triangular shape and / or a comb shape.

The strand cross-section, in particular a shape and / or a size of the strand cross-section, can correspond to, in particular the same as the opening cross-section, in particular a shape and / or a size of the opening cross-section. Additionally or alternatively, the opening cross-section and / or the strand cross-section can, in particular in each case, be non-parallel, in particular orthogonal, to an exit direction.

This, in particular the at least one cover element, enables the opening cross section deviating from the outlet opening and thus the strand cross section deviating from the outlet opening. In particular, this can include the printing of the structural part Allow slots, holes, channels, in particular for lines or cables and / or pipes or for media such as electricity and / or water, or decorative surface elements. Thus, they do not need to be produced after printing, in particular laboriously, if this can be done at all with reasonable effort, especially by workers. The extruder device thus has improved properties, in particular allows more freedom.

In a further development of the invention, the, in particular at least one, cover element, in particular in each case, for variably, in particular continuously, adjustable or adjustable covering of the outlet opening for variable, in particular continuous, setting or adjustment of the opening cross section for variable, in particular continuous, setting or adjustment Adjustment of the strand cross-section, in particular during the exit of the strand of building material, in particular individually or separately, variable, in particular continuously, adjustable or adjustable, in particular movable, designed or configured or stored, in particular in at least two different settings. This enables, in particular, different geometric properties and / or modifications to be implemented in the printed structural part, in particular different wall and / or ceiling thicknesses. In particular, this can enable a transition, in particular between two wall thicknesses, to be designed without a shoulder. In particular, the, in particular at least one, cover element can be designed to be variably adjustable without tools.

In one embodiment of the invention, the, in particular at least one, cover element for separating, in particular for cutting off, the escaped strand of building material from the extruder device, in particular from the extruder nozzle, in particular at the outlet opening, is variably adjustable. This can enable an, in particular, clean or smooth end of the strand, in particular that has emerged and / or deposited, in particular after the extrusion, in particular when moving the extruder device, in particular between different wall elements. Additionally or alternatively, the, in particular at least one, cover element can be designed to move along the outlet opening for separation.

In a development of the invention, the, in particular at least one, cover element is designed or configured for, in particular variably adjustable, arrangement at the outlet opening, in particular in contact with the extruder nozzle. This enables an unintentional escape of building material at an unintended location and / or in / against the first circumferential direction and / or the second circumferential direction out of the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, to be reduced or even avoided. In a further development of the invention, the extruder nozzle specifies an exit direction, in particular non-vertical, in particular horizontal, of the strand of building material out of the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, in particular the exit opening. The, in particular at least one, cover element has, in particular at least, one cover surface for partially covering the outlet opening. The, in particular at least one, cover surface is designed or configured or is aligned for non-parallel, in particular orthogonal, alignment to the exit direction. This enables building material to be blocked behind the, in particular at least one, cover element in the extruder nozzle opposite to the exit direction. In particular, the exit direction can be parallel, in particular coaxial, to a longitudinal axis of the extruder nozzle. Additionally or alternatively, the, in particular at least one, cover surface can be planar or even.

In a further development of the invention, the extruder nozzle has several peripheral walls. The peripheral walls define or limit the outlet opening on the peripheral side. Furthermore, in particular at least two of the circumferential walls for the variable, in particular continuous, arrangement relative to one another for the variable, in particular continuous, setting or adjustment of the outlet opening, in particular during the exit of the strand of building material, are variably, in particular continuously, adjustable or adjustable, in particular movable, designed or configured or stored, in particular in at least two different settings. This allows additional freedom, in particular the shape, the opening cross section and thus, in particular the shape, the strand cross section. In particular, at least one of the peripheral walls can be planar or flat and / or a sheet metal. Additionally or alternatively, at least one of the, in particular adjustable, circumferential walls can be movable relative to the other circumferential walls and / or the, in particular at least one, cover element, in particular in / against the first circumferential direction and / or the second circumferential direction. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, at least one of the, in particular adjustable, peripheral walls can be designed to be variably adjustable without tools.

In a further development of the invention, the extruder nozzle, in particular the one, has at least one peripheral wall. An expansion or extension of the extruder device in one, in particular vertical, direction, in particular against the second circumferential direction, in particular downward, is defined or limited by the circumferential wall. The outlet opening is defined or limited on the circumference, in particular at least partially, in particular in the direction, in particular downward, by the circumferential wall. Additionally or alternatively, an expansion of the extruder device in one, in particular horizontal, direction, in particular in the exit direction, in particular forwards, is defined or limited by the, in particular at least one, cover element.

Additionally or alternatively, the extruder device has a deflection device or a deflection element. The deflecting device is arranged upstream of the outlet opening, in particular the extruder nozzle, and for deflecting a flow of building material, in particular from a non-horizontal, in particular vertical, direction, in particular against the second circumferential direction, in particular from top to bottom, in the direction, in particular in The exit direction, in particular from the rear to the front, of the exit opening is formed or configured.

This, in particular the expansion defined by the circumferential wall, enables the extrusion of the strand, in particular in the horizontal exit direction, relatively close, in particular vertically, over an already extruded strand, in particular without damaging it, and thus a depositing of the exited strand from a relatively lower level Height.

This, in particular the expansion defined by the, in particular at least one, cover element, enables an, in particular, clean or smooth, separation and / or, in particular, clean, laying down of the strand that has emerged and / or an, in particular, clean or smooth, connection of the Strand to an already extruded strand, especially without damaging it.

This, in particular the deflection device, enables the horizontal exit.

In particular, the at least one peripheral wall can be planar or even and / or a sheet metal.

In a further development of the invention, the, in particular at least one, cover element for covering the, in particular at least one, part of the outlet opening is designed or configured such that the opening cross section is at least divided into two parts with an interruption, in particular in one, in particular horizontal, direction, in particular in the first circumferential direction. In other words: at least two parts of the outlet opening, in particular separated from one another by the, in particular at least one, cover element, can be uncovered. This enables ducts to be created inside the structural part, in particular the wall, so that lines can be laid out of sight. In particular, the interruption can be completely above the, in particular maximum, opening height. The extruder system according to the invention is designed or configured for the extrusion of one, in particular the, strand of building material for the 3D printing of one, in particular the, structural part. The extruder system has one, in particular the, extruder device as described above.

In addition, the extruder system according to the invention has a movement device, in particular a controllable movement device. The movement device is designed or configured for, in particular automatic, at least translational movement of the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle and the, in particular at least, one cover element, in particular during the exit of the strand of building material. In particular, the movement device can be referred to as a positioning device. Additionally or alternatively, the movement device can have or be a movement or robot arm or a mast. Additionally or alternatively, the movement device and / or the extruder device can be designed for, in particular automatic, rotational movement of the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle and the, in particular at least, one cover element, in particular during the exit of the strand of building material.

In a further development of the invention, the movement device is designed or configured for moving the extruder device in one, in particular non-vertical, in particular horizontal, direction of movement. The extruder device is designed or configured for the exit of the strand of building material from the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, in particular the outlet opening, in an exit direction which is not orthogonal to the direction of movement, in particular reverse, in particular opposite, exit direction, in particular during the movement.

Additionally or alternatively, the extruder system, in particular the extruder device, is designed or configured for the exit of the strand of building material from the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, in particular the outlet opening, with an, in particular variable, in particular continuous, adjustable or adjustable exit speed. The movement device is designed or configured to move the extruder device at a movement speed approximately equal to the exit speed, in particular during the exit.

This enables, in particular the approximately equal movement speeds, to allow the escaped and / or deposited strand to be its, in particular the Opening cross-section corresponding, in particular equal, strand cross-section can be maintained.

In particular, conversely, a minimum of 135 degrees (°), in particular a minimum of 150 °, in particular 165 °. Additionally or alternatively, 180 ° can mean opposite. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, for example, a difference or a deviation of a maximum of 5 percent (%), in particular of a maximum of 2%, in particular of a maximum of 1%.

Additionally or alternatively, the extruder system according to the invention has a, in particular controllable, building material pump. The building material pump is designed or configured for, in particular automatically, conveying building material out of the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, in particular the outlet opening. In particular, the extruder system can have a building material delivery line, wherein the building material delivery line can connect the building material pump to the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, for a flow of building material from the building material pump through the building material delivery line to the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle. Additionally or alternatively, the building material pump can be discontinuous, in particular a piston pump, in particular a two-piston pump, in particular with a transfer tube.

Additionally or alternatively, the extruder system according to the invention has, in particular at least one, in particular controllable and / or electrical, adjusting device or adjusting device. The, in particular at least one, adjustment device is for the, in particular automatic, variable, in particular continuous, adjustment or adjustment of the, in particular at least one and / or variably adjustable, cover element and / or the, in particular at least one, and / or variably adjustable, Perimeter wall formed or configured. In particular, the extruder device can have the, in particular at least one, adjusting device. Additionally or alternatively, the, in particular at least one, adjusting device can have or be at least one, in particular electrical and / or hydraulic and / or pneumatic, adjusting motor and / or at least one, in particular mechanical, adjusting drive.

Additionally or alternatively, the extruder system according to the invention has a particularly controllable and / or electrical vibrating device. The vibrating device is designed or configured for, in particular automatically, vibrating or exciting the, in particular at least one, covering element. This enables a loosening or displacement of stones in the concrete, in particular behind the, in particular at least one, cover element, and thus reducing or even avoiding the risk of blockage by stones in the concrete, in particular behind the, in particular at least one, cover element, in particular for separation. In particular, the extruder device can have the vibrating device. Additionally or alternatively, the vibrating device can have or be an eccentric and / or an ultrasonic source. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the vibrating device can be different from the, in particular at least one, adjusting device.

In a further development of the invention, the extruder system has an, in particular electrical, control device, in particular a computer. The control device is for the, in particular automatic and / or independent, control of the, in particular controllable, movement device and / or the, in particular controllable, building material pump and / or the, in particular at least one, in particular controllable, setting device and / or the, in particular controllable, vibrating device formed or configured as a function of data, in particular a building or construction plan, in particular in a memory of the control device, of the structural part to be printed. This enables a worker not to need to control the extruder system and / or to reduce or even avoid errors during construction.

Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of one, in particular the, extruder device and / or one, in particular the, extruder system as described above for the extrusion of one, in particular the, strand of building material for the 3D printing of one, in particular the, structural part.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further advantages and aspects of the invention emerge from the claims and from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are explained below with reference to the figures. Show:

1 shows a perspective view of an extruder system according to the invention with an extruder device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a further perspective view of the extruder system with the

Extruder device of Fig. 1, 3 is a front view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG

1 with at least one cover element in a first setting and at least one peripheral wall in a first setting,

FIG. 4 is a side view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG

Fig. 3,

FIG. 5 is a front view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG

1 with the at least one cover element in a second setting and the at least one peripheral wall in a second setting,

6 shows a perspective view of the extruder system with the extruder device from FIG. 5,

FIG. 7 is a front view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG

1 with the at least one cover element in a third setting and the at least one peripheral wall in the second setting,

FIG. 8 is a side view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG

Fig. 7,

9 shows a perspective view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG. 1 without a cover element, without an upper peripheral wall and without a hose.

10 shows a perspective view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG. 1 without a cover element and with an opened upper peripheral wall and an opened lower peripheral wall and with a hose,

11 shows a perspective view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG. 1 and a movement device,

12 shows a perspective view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG. 1 and a building material pump, in particular during use according to the invention, 13-16 using an extruder device according to the invention and / or an extruder system according to the invention, 3D-printed structural parts from extruded strands of building material,

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of another according to the invention

Extruder system with a further extruder device according to the invention,

18 is a side view of the extruder system with the extruder device of FIG

Fig. 17, and

Fig. 19 is a perspective view of still another according to the invention

Extruder system with yet another extruder device according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

1 to 12 and 17 to 19, in particular in each case, show an extruder system 20 according to the invention having an extruder device 1 according to the invention for extrusion of a strand ST of building material BS for 3D printing of a structural part BWT. The extruder device 1 has an extruder nozzle 5 and at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b. The extruder nozzle 5 has an, in particular rectangular, exit opening 2 for the exit of the strand ST of building material BS from the extruder device 1. The, in particular at least one, cover element 8, 8a, 8b is designed to cover at least one part 2a of the outlet opening 2 in such a way that an opening cross section 3 of at least one uncovered part 2b of the outlet opening 2 defines a strand cross section 4 of the strand ST of building material BS that has emerged.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the extruder device 1 has, in particular precisely, two, in particular rectangular, cover elements 8a, 8b. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the extruder device 1 has, in particular precisely, a, in particular rectangular, cover element 8. In alternative exemplary embodiments, the extruder device can have at least three cover elements.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b is for the variably adjustable covering of the outlet opening 2 for the variable adjustment of the Opening cross-section 3 for the variable adjustment of the strand cross-section 4, in particular during the exit of the strand ST of building material BS, designed to be variably adjustable, in particular movable relative to the exit opening 2 or the extruder nozzle 5, in particular in / against a first circumferential direction y and / or a second circumferential direction z.

In detail, the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b for separating, in particular for cutting off, the escaped strand ST of building material BS from the extruder device 1, in particular at the outlet opening 2, is variably adjustable.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b has a cutting plate or a blade 8K, 8aK, 8bK.

Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the at least one cover element 8a, 8b for covering the at least one part 2a of the outlet opening 2 is designed such that the opening cross-section 3 is at least divided into two with an interruption 3U, in particular in one , in particular horizontal, direction, in particular in the first circumferential direction y.

In addition, in the exemplary embodiments shown, the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b is designed for, in particular variably adjustable, arrangement at the outlet opening 2, in particular in contact with the extruder nozzle 5.

In a first setting shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the two cover elements 8a, 8b are arranged on the outlet opening 2 and cover an, in particular inner and / or rectangular, part 2a of the outlet opening 2 in such a way that the opening cross section 3, in particular rectangular and , is divided into two with an, in particular rectangular, interruption 3U, in particular in the first circumferential direction y. In other words: two, in particular outer and / or parts 2b of the outlet opening 2 separated from one another by the two cover elements 8a, 8b, are not covered. In detail, the cover elements 8a, 8b overlap or are pushed over one another in an exit direction x. Thus, the two-part, in particular rectangular, opening cross-section 3 with the, in particular rectangular, interruption 3U specifies the two-part, in particular rectangular, strand cross-section 4 with an, in particular rectangular, interruption 4U of the strand ST of building material BS that has emerged.

In a second setting shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in particular different from the first, the two cover elements 8a, 8b are arranged at the outlet opening 2 and cover two, in particular outer and / or rectangular, parts 2a of the outlet opening 2 in such a way that the opening cross section 3, in particular rectangular and narrow, in particular in the first circumferential direction y. In other words: a, in particular an inner, part 2b of the outlet opening 2 is not covered. The narrow, in particular rectangular, opening cross section 3 thus defines the narrow, in particular rectangular, strand cross section 4 of the strand ST of building material BS that has emerged. Additionally or alternatively, by moving from / to the setting shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 to / from the setting of the two cover elements 8a, 8b shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in particular in / against the first circumferential direction y, the emerged Strand ST separated from building material BS from extruder device 1.

In a third setting shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in particular different from the first and second, the two cover elements 8a, 8b are not arranged on the outlet opening 2 and do not cover any part of the outlet opening 2 or the outlet opening 2 is uncovered. In other words: the two cover elements 8a, 8b are raised in the second circumferential direction z. Thus the, in particular rectangular, outlet opening 2 defines the strand cross section 4 of the strand ST of building material BS that has emerged.

In a setting shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the cover element 8 is arranged on the outlet opening 2 and completely covers the outlet opening 2. In particular, by moving from a setting in which the cover element 8 is not arranged on the outlet opening 2 and does not cover any part of the outlet opening 2 or in which the cover element 8 is raised in the second circumferential direction z, to that shown in FIGS 18, in particular against the second circumferential direction -z, the escaped strand ST of building material BS is separated from the extruder device 1.

The extruder nozzle 5 also specifies an exit direction x, in particular a horizontal, exit direction x of the strand ST of building material BS out of the extruder device 1. The at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b has at least one cover surface 8F, 8aF, 8bF for partially covering the outlet opening 2. The at least one cover surface 8F, 8aF, 8bF is designed for non-parallel, in particular for orthogonal, alignment to the exit direction x.

In addition, the extruder nozzle 5 has several circumferential walls 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, four in the exemplary embodiments shown. The circumferential walls 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d define the outlet opening 2 on the circumferential side. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiments shown, at least two of the peripheral walls 7a, 7b are for variable arrangement to each other for the variable adjustment of the outlet opening 2, in particular during the exit of the strand ST of building material BS, designed to be variably adjustable.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, a left circumferential wall 7a and a right circumferential wall 7b, in particular in each case, are designed to be variably adjustable for the variable setting of an opening width BO of the outlet opening 2, in particular movable in / against the first circumferential direction y. Additionally or alternatively, in alternative exemplary embodiments, a lower circumferential wall and / or an upper circumferential wall, in particular in each case, can be designed to be variably adjustable, in particular movable in / against the second circumferential direction, for the variable setting of an opening height of the outlet opening.

In a first setting shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the two circumferential walls 7a, 7b, in particular each, are arranged maximally outside or maximally apart from one another in such a way that the opening width BO of the outlet opening 2 is maximally or broadly set, in the exemplary embodiments shown 400 mm.

In a second setting shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, in particular different from the first, the two circumferential walls 7a, 7b, in particular each, are arranged maximally inside or minimally apart or maximally close to one another in such a way that the opening width BO of the outlet opening 2 is set to be minimal or narrow, 200 mm in the exemplary embodiments shown.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, an opening height HO of the outlet opening 2 is 50 mm, in particular in the second circumferential direction z.

In detail, the extruder device 1 has a hose 40 that can be stretched, in particular by a factor of about 2, the stretchable hose 40 being arranged and designed to seal the peripheral walls 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d against the peripheral escape of building material BS, as shown in FIG 10 shown.

Additionally or alternatively, at least one of the circumferential walls 7c, 7d is designed for circumferential unfolding, in particular in / against the second circumferential direction z, as shown in FIG. 10. This, in particular the unfolding, enables simple assembly of the expandable hose 40 and simple cleaning of the extruder system 20, in particular the extruder device 1, after extrusion, in particular after concreting. Furthermore, an expansion of the extruder device 1 in one, in particular vertical, direction, in particular against the second circumferential direction -z, is defined by the, in particular lower, circumferential wall 7c. The outlet opening 2 is partially defined on the circumference, in particular in the -z direction, by the, in particular lower, circumferential wall 7c.

Additionally or alternatively, an extension of the extruder device 1 in one, in particular horizontal, direction, in particular in the exit direction x, is defined by the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b.

Additionally or alternatively, the extruder device 1 has a deflection device 9. The deflecting device 9 is arranged upstream of the outlet opening 2 and is designed to deflect a flow of building material BS, in particular a pipe flange, in the direction, in particular in the outlet direction x, of the outlet opening 2.

In addition, the extruder system 20 has a movement device 22, in particular a controllable movement device, as shown in FIG. 11. The movement device 22 is designed for at least translational movement of the extruder device 1, in particular during the exit of the strand ST of building material BS.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the movement device 22 has a movement arm. Additionally or alternatively, the movement device 22 and / or the extruder device 1 are / is designed for the rotational movement of the extruder device 1, in particular during the exit of the strand ST of building material BS. In detail, the extruder device 1 can be rotated about a longitudinal axis of the pipe flange by means of a motor, in particular an electric motor, and in particular a screw drive.

In detail, the movement device 22 is designed for moving the extruder device 1 in an, in particular horizontal, movement direction -x. The extruder device 1 is designed for the exit of the strand ST of building material BS out of the extruder device 1 in the exit direction x which is non-orthogonal, in particular opposite, to the direction of movement -x, in particular during the movement.

Additionally or alternatively, the extruder system 20, in particular the extruder device 1, is designed for the exit of the strand ST of building material BS from the extruder device 1 with an, in particular variably adjustable, exit speed vx. The moving device 22 is for moving the extruder device 1 with one of the Exit speed vx approximately equal to the movement speed vx, in particular during the exit.

The extruder system 20 also has a building material pump 23, in particular controllable, as shown in FIG. The building material pump 23 is designed to convey building material BS out of the extruder device 1.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the building material pump is discontinuous, in particular a piston pump. Additionally or alternatively, the extruder system 20 has a building material delivery line, the building material delivery line connecting the building material pump 23 to the extruder device 1 for a flow of building material BS from the building material pump 23 through the building material delivery line to the extruder device 1.

In addition, the extruder system 20 has at least one, in particular controllable, adjusting device 217a, 217b, 218a, 218b. The at least one setting device 217a, 217b, 218a, 218b is designed for the variable setting of the at least one, in particular variably adjustable, cover element 8, 8a, 8b and / or the at least one, in particular variably adjustable, peripheral wall 7a, 7b.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the extruder device 1 has the at least one adjusting device 217a, 217b, 218a, 218b.

In detail, in FIGS. 1 to 8 the setting device 218a for moving the at least one cover element 8a, 8b in / against the second circumferential direction z has an, in particular electrical, setting motor 218aE and / or an, in particular mechanical, rotary drive 218aD. The adjusting motor 218aE is arranged in the second circumferential direction z above the extruder nozzle 5 or the circumferential wall 7d and / or is movably connected to the at least one cover element 8a, 8b by means of the rotary drive 218aD.

Furthermore, in FIGS. 1 to 8, the setting device 218b for moving the at least one cover element 8a, 8b in / against the first circumferential direction y has an, in particular electric, setting motor 218bE and / or a movement deflection mechanism 218bU, in particular a belt mechanism, and / or a , in particular mechanical, linear drive 218bL, in particular a threaded spindle drive. The adjusting motor 218 bE is arranged in the second circumferential direction z above the extruder nozzle 5 or the circumferential wall 7d and / or is connected in motion to the at least one cover element 8a, 8b by means of the movement deflection mechanism 218bU and / or the linear drive 218bL. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the two cover elements 8a, 8b are not designed to be separate from one another or to be individually or separately variably adjustable. In alternative exemplary embodiments, the two cover elements, in particular each, can be designed to be individually variably adjustable.

In addition, in FIGS. 17 and 18, the setting device 218a for moving the cover element 8 in / against the second circumferential direction z has at least one, in particular electrical, setting motor 218aE and / or at least one, in particular mechanical, linear drive 218aL, in particular at least one threaded spindle drive. The at least one adjusting motor 218aE is arranged in the second circumferential direction z above the extruder nozzle 5 or the circumferential wall 7d and / or is movably connected to the cover element 8 by means of the at least one linear drive 218aL.

1 to 9, the at least one adjusting device 217a, 217b for moving the at least one circumferential wall 7a, 7b in / against the first circumferential direction y has at least one, in particular electric, adjusting motor 217aE, 217bE and / or at least one movement deflection mechanism 217aU, 217bU , especially one

Lever mechanism and / or at least one, in particular mechanical, linear drive 217aL, 217bL, in particular at least one threaded spindle drive. The at least one adjusting motor 217aE, 217bE is arranged in the second circumferential direction z above the extruder nozzle 5 or the circumferential wall 7d, in particular transversely, and / or by means of the at least one movement deflection mechanism 217aU, 217bU and / or the at least one

Linear drive 217aL, 217bL movably connected to the at least one peripheral wall 7a, 7b.

In addition, in FIG. 19 the at least one adjusting device 217a, 217b for moving the at least one circumferential wall 7a, 7b in / against the first circumferential direction y has at least one, in particular electric, adjusting motor 217aE, 217bE and / or at least one movement deflection mechanism 217aU, 217bU, in particular a lever mechanism and / or at least one, in particular mechanical, linear drive 217aL, 217bL, in particular at least one threaded spindle drive. The at least one setting motor 217aE, 217bE is arranged in / against the first circumferential direction y to the side of the extruder nozzle 5 or the at least one circumferential wall 7a, 7b, in particular longitudinally, and / or by means of the at least one movement deflection mechanism 217aU, 217bU and / or the at least one

Linear drive 217aL, 217bL movably connected to the at least one peripheral wall 7a, 7b. In particular, the extruder nozzle 5 has a direction opposite to the exit direction -x from the exit opening 2, in particular at the maximum opening width BO Taper 5V in / against the first circumferential direction y, the at least one adjusting motor 271 aE, 217bE being arranged to the side of the extruder nozzle 5 at the taper 5V.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 9 and 19, in particular in each case, the two circumferential walls 7a, 7b, in particular in each case, are designed to be separately or individually or separately variably adjustable. In alternative exemplary embodiments, the two circumferential walls cannot be designed to be variably adjustable separately from one another.

In addition, the extruder system 20 has a particularly controllable vibrating device 25, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. The vibrating device 25 is designed to vibrate the cover element 8.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the extruder device 1 has the vibrating device 25. Additionally or alternatively, the vibrating device 25 is an eccentric.

In addition, the extruder system 20, in particular the extruder device 1, has a number of, in particular controllable, injection nozzles, in particular clocked high-pressure nozzles with a pressure greater than 10 bar, in particular greater than 100 bar. The injection nozzles are designed for injecting, in particular for mixing or introducing, an additive, in particular concrete accelerator, in particular directly, into the building material BS before it emerges. This, in particular the high pressure, enables the additive to be widely distributed so that no further mixing device is necessary. In detail, the number of injection nozzles is arranged in the second circumferential direction z above the extruder nozzle 5 or the circumferential wall 7d and / or behind the extruder nozzle 5, and in particular the deflecting device 9, counter to the exit direction -x. This, in particular the arrangement, makes it possible to have or have to dispose of the smallest possible amount of activated building material, in particular concrete, in the extruder system 20, in particular the extruder device 1, during pumping pauses or interruptions in the printing process.

The extruder system 20 also has a control device 24. The control device 24 is for the, in particular automatic, control of the, in particular controllable, movement device 22 and / or the, in particular controllable, building material pump 23 and / or the at least one, in particular controllable, setting device 217a, 217b, 218a, 218b and / or the, in particular controllable vibrating device 25, and in particular the number of, in particular controllable, injection nozzles, formed as a function of data DBWT of the structural part BWT to be printed. In addition, the extruder system 20, in particular the extruder device 1, is designed for depositing the strand ST that has emerged in such a way that the strand ST, in particular that which has been deposited, maintains its strand cross section 4, in particular of the strand ST that has emerged.

Furthermore, the strand ST can be deposited, in particular in layers, on an already extruded strand ST and / or another strand ST can be deposited, in particular in layers, on the strand ST, as shown in FIGS. 13 to 16.

In particular, FIGS. 12 to 16 show a use according to the invention of the extruder device 1 and / or the extruder system 20 for the extrusion of the strand ST of building material BS for 3D printing of the building part BWT or by means of the extruder device 1 and / or the extruder system 20 3D. Printed building parts BWT from extruded strands ST from building material BS.

In detail, the in Fig. 13 a) below and above, b) below and above, d) below, e) below and above, Fig. 14 a), b) below and above, c) below and above, d) below and e) below and in the middle and Fig. 15 a) below and above and b) below and above, in particular in each case shown rectangular strand cross-section 4 through the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b not arranged on the rectangular outlet opening 2 or none Covering part of the rectangular outlet opening 2 and being or is predetermined by the, in particular uncovered, rectangular outlet opening 2 with the peripheral walls 7a, 7b, in particular in each case, maximally outside or with maximal opening width BO.

The rectangular strand cross-section 4 shown in the center of a) and c) in the center, in particular in each case, can not be arranged on the rectangular outlet opening 2 or cover any part of the rectangular outlet opening 2 and through the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b , in particular uncovered, rectangular outlet opening 2 with the circumferential wall 7a maximally outside or left and the circumferential wall 7b maximally inside or left or by means of a rectangular covering element a right or outer part 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum opening width BO can be specified or is given.

The rectangular strand cross-section 4 shown above in Fig. 13 d) can not be arranged at the rectangular outlet opening 2 or cover any part of the rectangular outlet opening 2 by the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b and through the, in particular uncovered, rectangular outlet opening 2 with the peripheral walls 7a, 7b, in particular in each case, maximally inside or by means of rectangular cover elements right part 2a and a left part 2a or outer parts 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum opening width BO are predefined or are predefined.

The rectangular strand cross-section 4 shown in the center in FIG. 13 b) with a semicircular cutout can be predetermined or is predetermined to cover a right or outer part 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum opening width BO by a semicircular cover element.

The rectangular strand cross-section 4 with a trapezoidal or triangular cutout shown in Fig. 13 c) below and above, in particular in each case, can be a right or outer part 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum of a, in particular, trapezoidal or triangular cover element Opening width BO can be specified covering or is specified.

The rectangular strand cross-section 4 shown in the center in FIG. 13 d) with trapezoidal or triangular cutouts can be specified to cover a right part 2a and a left part 2a or outer parts 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum opening width BO by trapezoidal or triangular cover elements or is given.

The rectangular strand cross-section 4 shown in the center in FIG. 13 e) with a trapezoidal or triangular cutout can be predetermined or is predetermined to cover an upper or outer part 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum opening width BO by a trapezoidal or triangular cover element.

The rectangular two-part strand cross-section 4 with rectangular interruption 4U shown in Fig. 14 c) in the middle, d) in the middle and above and e) above, in particular in each case, can use at least one rectangular cover element to create a central or inner part 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum Opening width BO can be specified covering or is specified.

The rectangular strand cross-section 4 shown in the center in Fig. 14 b) can have a right or outer part 2a and a central or inner part 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum opening width BO by at least one rectangular cover element or a central or Inner part 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with the peripheral wall 7a maximally outside or left and the circumferential wall 7b can be specified or is specified to cover a maximum of the inside or the left.

The rectangular strand cross-section 4 with comb cutouts shown in Fig. 15 a) in the center and b) in the center, in particular in each case, can be specified covering a right part 2a and a left part 2a of the rectangular outlet opening 2 with a maximum opening width BO by, in particular, respective comb-shaped cover elements or is given.

Thus, a transition between two thicknesses of a structural part or a wall BWT can be designed or be without steps, as shown in FIGS. 13 c) and d).

Additionally or alternatively, a non-vertical or non-vertical structural part or a non-vertical wall BWT with a transition to a vertical or vertical section can be produced, as shown in FIG. 13 e).

Additionally or alternatively, a strand or a layer or a layer ST of a structural part or a wall BWT can be made narrower, in particular to create a horizontal channel for, for example, a power line, as shown in FIG. 13 a).

Additionally or alternatively, slots can be produced vertically or vertically in a strand or a layer or a layer ST and horizontally or horizontally on an outside of the strand ST, as in FIGS. 13 b) and 14, in particular b) to e) shown. In particular, two narrow or thin structural parts or walls BWT connected with webs can thus be produced with one passage in order to later fill the gap with insulating material or to accommodate installation lines. In particular, the strand cross-sections 4 of FIGS. 14 c), d) and e), in particular in this order, can be arranged in and / or against the exit direction x. In addition or as an alternative, open strand cross-sections 4 can thus be produced to produce a media channel. In particular, the strand cross-sections 4 of FIGS. 14 a), b), c) and b), in particular in this order, can be arranged in and / or against the exit direction x.

Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, a support structure, such as, for example, a grid, can be and / or be arranged on the strands ST that are not completely over the maximum opening width BO to enable at least one further strand ST to be deposited. This can make it possible to prevent the soft building material from sagging downward into the space, in particular the cavity. Additionally or alternatively, a building part with a decorative surface can thus be produced, as shown in FIG. 15.

Additionally or alternatively, a surface of a structural part or a wall BWT can thus have a QR code, as shown in FIG. 16. In particular, a strand ST can be roughened or made narrower for dark areas.

As the exemplary embodiments shown and explained above make clear, the invention provides an advantageous extruder device for the extrusion of a strand of building material for the 3D printing of a building part, which has improved properties, in particular allows more freedom. The invention further provides an extruder system with such an extruder device and a use of such an extruder device and / or such an extruder system.

Claims

1. Extruder device (1) for the extrusion of a strand (ST) of building material (BS) for 3D printing of a building part (BWT), the extruder device (1) having:

an extruder nozzle (5), wherein the extruder nozzle (5) has an outlet opening (2) for the exit of the strand (ST) of building material (BS) from the extruder device (1), and at least one cover element (8, 8a, 8b), wherein the at least one cover element (8, 8a, 8b) for covering at least one part (2a) of the outlet opening (2) is designed such that an opening cross section (3) of at least one uncovered part (2b) of the outlet opening (2) has a strand cross section ( 4) of the leaked strand (ST) of building material (BS).

2. Extruder device (1) according to claim 1,

wherein the at least one cover element (8, 8a, 8b) for variably adjustable covering of the outlet opening (2) for the variable setting of the opening cross-section (3) for the variable setting of the strand cross-section (4), in particular during the exit of the strand (ST) of building material ( BS), is designed to be variably adjustable.

3. Extruder device (1) according to claim 2,

wherein the at least one cover element (8, 8a, 8b) for separating, in particular for cutting off, the escaped strand (ST) of building material (BS) from the extruder device (1), in particular at the outlet opening (2), is variably adjustable.

4. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims

wherein the at least one cover element (8, 8a, 8b) is designed for, in particular variably adjustable, arrangement at the outlet opening (2), in particular in contact with the extruder nozzle (5).

5. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the extruder nozzle (5) specifies an exit direction (x) of the strand (ST) of building material (BS) out of the extruder device (1), and

wherein the at least one cover element (8, 8a, 8b) has at least one cover surface (8F, 8aF, 8bF) for partially covering the outlet opening (2), the at least one cover surface (8F, 8aF, 8bF) for non-parallel, in particular for orthogonal alignment to the exit direction (x).

6. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the extruder nozzle (5) has several circumferential walls (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), the circumferential walls (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) defining the outlet opening (2) on the circumferential side and at least two of the circumferential walls (7a, 7b) being variable Arrangement to one another for the variable adjustment of the outlet opening (2), in particular during the exit of the strand (ST) of building material (BS), are designed to be variably adjustable.

7. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the extruder nozzle (5) has at least one circumferential wall (7c), wherein an extension of the extruder device (1) in one, in particular vertical, direction (-z) is defined by the circumferential wall (7c) and wherein the outlet opening (2) is partially circumferential is defined by the peripheral wall (7c), and / or

wherein an extension of the extruder device (1) in one, in particular horizontal, direction (x) is defined by the at least one cover element (8, 8a, 8b), and / or wherein the extruder device (1) has a deflection device (9), wherein the deflection device (9) is arranged upstream of the outlet opening (2) and is designed to deflect a flow of building material (BS) in the direction (x) of the outlet opening (2).

8. Extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the at least one cover element (8a, 8b) for covering the at least one part (2a) of the outlet opening (2) is designed in such a way that the opening cross-section (3) is at least two-part with an interruption (3U), in particular in one, in particular horizontal , Direction (y).

9. Extruder system (20) for the extrusion of a strand (ST) of building material (BS) for 3D printing of a building part (BWT), the extruder system (20) having:

an extruder device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, and

a, in particular controllable, movement device (22), the movement device (22) being designed for at least translational movement of the extruder device (1), in particular during the exit of the strand (ST) of building material (BS).

10. extruder system (20) according to claim 9,

wherein the movement device (22) is designed for moving the extruder device (1) in one, in particular horizontal, direction of movement (-x) and wherein the extruder device (1) for the exit of the strand (ST) of building material (BS) from the Extruder device (1) is formed out in an exit direction (x) which is not orthogonal to the direction of movement (-x), in particular opposite, in particular during the movement, and / or

wherein the extruder system (20), in particular the extruder device (1), is designed for the exit of the strand (ST) of building material (BS) from the extruder device (1) with an, in particular variably adjustable, exit speed (vx), and the movement device (22) is designed to move the extruder device (1) at a movement speed (v- x) approximately equal to the exit speed (vx), in particular during the exit.

11. Extruder system (20) for the extrusion of a strand (ST) of building material (BS) for 3D printing of a building part (BWT), in particular according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the extruder system (20) has:

an extruder device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, and

a, in particular controllable, building material pump (23), the building material pump (23) being designed to convey building material (BS) out of the extruder device (1).

12. Extruder system (20) for the extrusion of a strand (ST) of building material (BS) for 3D printing of a structural part (BWT), in particular according to one of claims 9 to

11, wherein the extruder system (20) comprises:

an extruder device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, in particular according to one of claims 2, 3 and 6, and

at least one, in particular controllable, setting device (217a, 217b, 218a, 218b), the at least one setting device (217a, 217b, 218a, 218b) for the variable setting of the at least one cover element (8, 8a, 8b) and / or the at least a peripheral wall (7a, 7b) is formed.

13. Extruder system (20) for the extrusion of a strand (ST) of building material (BS) for 3D printing of a building part (BWT), in particular according to one of claims 9 to

12, wherein the extruder system (20) comprises:

an extruder device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, and

a, in particular controllable, vibrating device (25), wherein the vibrating device

(25) is designed to vibrate the at least one cover element (8).

14. The extruder system (20) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the extruder system (20) comprises: a control device (24), the control device (24) for, in particular automatic, control of the movement device (22) and / or the building material pump (23) and / or the at least one setting device (217a, 217b, 218a, 218b) and / or the vibrating device (25) is designed as a function of data (DBWT) of the structural part to be printed (BWT).

15. Use of an extruder device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8 and / or an extruder system (20) according to one of claims 9 to 14 for the extrusion of a strand (ST) of building material (BS) for 3D printing of a structural part (BWT).