EP3935918B1 - Selbstbackende elektrode - Google Patents

Selbstbackende elektrode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3935918B1
EP3935918B1 EP20725819.5A EP20725819A EP3935918B1 EP 3935918 B1 EP3935918 B1 EP 3935918B1 EP 20725819 A EP20725819 A EP 20725819A EP 3935918 B1 EP3935918 B1 EP 3935918B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
central column
elongate
carbonaceous
electrode
connecting element
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Active
Application number
EP20725819.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3935918A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Jacob
Damien BERTHOLLET
Pierre-Henri MORIN
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Ferroglobe France Sas
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Ferropem SAS
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Publication of EP3935918A1 publication Critical patent/EP3935918A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/06—Electrodes
    • H05B7/08—Electrodes non-consumable
    • H05B7/085—Electrodes non-consumable mainly consisting of carbon
    • H05B7/09—Self-baking electrodes, e.g. Söderberg type electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/10—Mountings, supports, terminals or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes
    • H05B7/107—Mountings, supports, terminals or arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes specially adapted for self-baking electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • a self-curing composite electrode for use in an electric arc furnace for the production of metals such as metallurgical silicon or ferroalloys is disclosed.
  • An electric arc furnace takes the form of a tank made of refractory material into which metal oxides are loaded.
  • the oven comprises a hood, through which one or more carbon electrodes pass, each electrode generally having the shape of a cylindrical bar and being arranged vertically, so that the upper end of the electrode is located outside the oven while its lower end is located in the oven opposite the metal oxide load.
  • the document FR 2 797 739 A1 discloses an electrode according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • This document also discloses a device for suspending a central column of an electrode, comprising a fixed support capable of temporarily supporting said central column during an addition of an elongated carbon element to an upper end of said column, and a mobile support, surmounting said fixed support and linked in vertical translation to said fixed support by a system of hydraulic cylinders, said mobile support being able to translate from a high position, in which said hydraulic cylinders are deployed and an elongated carbon element forming the lower end of said central column has not been consumed in the electric arc furnace, at a low position, in which said hydraulic cylinders are retracted and said elongated carbon element forming the end lower part of said central column has been consumed.
  • the principle of the electric arc furnace is to apply electrical voltage to the electrodes and to use the thermal energy of the electric arc thus established between the carbon electrodes and the metal in the tank to obtain a temperature sufficient to obtain of metals by carbothermal reduction of metal oxides.
  • the carbon dioxide produced by the reaction of the carbon supplied by the charge reducers and by the electrode itself with the oxygen of the metal oxides is sucked up by the chimneys of the hood, and the molten metal concentrates in a liquid table at the bottom of the tank, from where it is evacuated by an overflow system.
  • self-cooking electrodes also called Söderberg electrodes, named after their inventor.
  • the principle of the self-cooking electrode is to feed the electrode with carbon material at its upper end as its lower end is consumed in the oven, with the aim of not having to change the electrode and produce the metal continuously.
  • the carbonaceous material introduced at the upper end of the electrode is in the form of a raw paste, that is to say uncooked, carbon-based, non-conductive: going down into the electrode, this dough is gradually heated and cooked; it turns into a hard paste driver. So the lower end of the electrode is in the form of a paste hard carbonaceous, conductive and therefore capable of generating the desired electric arc with the metal present in the tank.
  • the first self-cooking electrodes generally included a cylindrical outer sheath, such as a steel ferrule, into which the raw carbonaceous paste was introduced.
  • the steel ferrule had internal radial fins to support the cooked part of the carbon paste in the lower part of the electrode.
  • this technique had the disadvantage that the bottom of the ferrule dissolved in the molten metal bath and introduced iron, which was not desirable, particularly in the case of producing a metal like silicon.
  • the assembly used to suspend the cooked part is generally a part inserted into the dough during cooking and which is consumed at the same time as the electrode in the lower part.
  • a hard core in the form of a central column made up of pre-cooked carbon or graphite elements.
  • the central column is suspended from a support independent of the shell, so that the weight of this column is not supported by the shell.
  • the raw carbonaceous paste is placed within the ferrule around the central column in the upper part of the electrode. As the raw paste descends into the ferrule and cooks, it joins with the precooked carbon or graphite elements to form the hard paste in the lower part of the electrode.
  • the precooked carbon or graphite elements can for example be assembled to each other by means of double conical threaded connections, also called nipples, as described in US 4, 575, 856 .
  • the support from which the central column is suspended may include a device making it possible to add a new pre-cooked carbon element at the top of the central column when a pre-cooked carbon element at the bottom of the column has been consumed.
  • Breakage of the central column of a self-cooking electrode is undesirable, regardless of where this breakage occurs along that column.
  • the oven In the event that the central column breaks in the lower part of the electrode, where the carbonaceous paste is hard, the oven must be stopped to extend the electrode. The production of the metal is interrupted and the metal is temporarily polluted by the iron supplied by the ferrule which must also be partially renewed in this case. The productivity of the furnace is therefore reduced and the quality of the metal produced is impaired.
  • a self-cooking electrode for an electric arc furnace comprising a central column capable of being suspended, in which said central column would be little subject to the risks of rupture potentially generated by the lateral forces caused on the lower end of the electrode by the rotation of the furnace tank or the regulation movements of the electrode.
  • the present invention aims to remedy this problem.
  • flexible elongated carbon element is meant for the purposes of the present application that the elongated carbon element has a flexibility making it capable of folding on itself to a certain extent in a plane containing its longitudinal axis, for example according to an arc of a circle having a radius of curvature less than or equal to 5 cm.
  • each elongated carbon element under the effect of a lateral stress applied to its ends, can be caused to bend without breaking.
  • the flexible nature of the elongated carbon elements gives the central column of the electrode according to the invention a flexibility allowing it to undergo lateral forces in its lower part without risk of this column breaking. Indeed, when the rotation of the furnace tank generates lateral forces applying to the lower end of the central column, the flexible nature of the elongated carbon elements allows them to absorb these forces by bending and bending. folding on themselves slightly, the time to absorb these forces, without causing the column to rupture.
  • connecting elements configured to authorize the deviation of the elongated carbon elements relative to the longitudinal axis A gives the central column of the electrode according to the invention additional flexibility. Indeed, when the rotation of the furnace tank generates lateral forces applying to the end lower part of the central column, not only can each elongated carbonaceous element be made to bend without breaking, as described above, but the presence of the connecting elements of the column can also allow each elongated carbonaceous element to deviate relative to the longitudinal axis A of the column, thus giving the column additional flexibility contributing to the overall ability of the column to flex without breaking.
  • connecting elements of the central column of the electrode according to the invention also allow each elongated carbon element to tilt relative to each of the elongated carbon elements which are adjacent to it.
  • the central column of the electrode according to the invention is provided with flexibility allowing it to flex and deviate relative to the longitudinal axis A at several locations along the length of said column.
  • the risks of rupture of the central column, both in the lower part of the electrode, where the carbon paste is hard, and in the upper part of the electrode, where the carbon paste is soft, are greatly limited. .
  • Said first and second convex surfaces are arranged facing each other, such that the plane in which the internal curved surface of the end of said first flexible elongated ring fits is substantially perpendicular to the plane in which s 'inscribes the internal curved surface of the end of said second flexible elongated ring.
  • said first convex surface is in the form of a portion of a half-cylinder and said second convex surface is also in the form of a portion of a half-cylinder, the first convex surface and the second surface convex being arranged relative to each other in such a way that the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the half-cylinder from which the first convex surface arises is perpendicular to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the half-cylinder from which the second convex surface comes from.
  • each flexible elongated ring is securely connected to each of the adjacent flexible elongated rings. Furthermore, the flexibility, or even flexibility, of each ring contributes to the general flexibility of the central column, whose ability to flex without breaking under the effect of lateral forces exerted on its lower end, is thus reinforced.
  • the elongated carbon elements can be flexible elongated rings of textile material.
  • flexible elongated rings can be made from textile straps.
  • the flexible elongated rings have sufficient tensile strength to support weights ranging from 1 to 40 tonnes, at temperatures above 2000°C.
  • the textile material can be made of carbon fibers.
  • first and second convex surfaces of the solid parts forming the connecting elements makes it possible to reduce the shear stresses on the flexible elongated rings of textile material.
  • the connecting elements being made of electrically conductive material, they ensure electrical continuity along the central column. These connecting elements are preferably made of an electrically conductive material retaining good mechanical characteristics at very high temperatures.
  • the connecting elements are solid parts formed in a material chosen from graphite, silicon carbides, precooked carbon and/or combinations thereof.
  • the connecting elements can also serve as an anchoring point in the lower part of the electrode for the crosslinking into a hard paste of the soft carbonaceous paste melting and cooking around the central column within the electrode ferrule.
  • the electrode according to the invention can further comprise a tool for taking off and assisting the descent of the hard carbonaceous paste into the ferrule.
  • a tool for example be in the form of a conductive paint inside the shell, or even a specific shape of the elements forming the shell for perfect fit before welding, or even sequential movements of a ferrule sliding crown.
  • the device according to the invention is of simple design and allows an operation of adding, also called joining, an elongated carbon element to the upper end of the central column which is particularly simple to carry out.
  • the connecting element of an upper part of the central column on the support surface it is enough to rest the connecting element of an upper part of the central column on the support surface to be able to carry out the joining.
  • the operation does not require complex steps, such as steps of screwing threaded connections or tightening with pliers according to a particular tightening force to be respected.
  • said support surface is linked in vertical translation to said fixed support by a system of hydraulic cylinders. The translation of the support surface is thus controlled and ensured.
  • said support surface comprising a central orifice dimensioned to receive the elongated carbon elements and the connecting elements of said central column
  • said device comprises furthermore a removable blocking part positionable under said connecting element of an upper part of said central column, said blocking part being dimensioned to prevent said connecting element of an upper part of said central column from passing through said orifice central when said support surface is in the high position.
  • the stroke of the hydraulic cylinders connecting the mobile support to the fixed support is substantially greater than a length defined by two elongated carbon elements of said central column placed end to end. Such a length makes it easy to connect a new elongated carbon element to the upper end of the central column.
  • the support surface comprises a central orifice dimensioned to receive the elongated carbon elements and the connecting elements of said central column
  • the device further comprises a removable locking part positionable as described below above, we position, prior to step A)
  • said blocking piece under the first connecting element is thus prevented from passing through the central orifice, for the duration of the joining, when the support surface is blocked in the high position.
  • the part is removed blocking said first connecting element that said bearing surface carried and said blocking piece is positioned under the upper adjacent connecting element.
  • This upper adjacent connecting element has in the meantime become the first connecting element starting from the upper end of the central column. This operation is repeated at each splice, as the need for extension of the central column arises due to the consumption of the electrode.
  • the method for joining a new elongated carbon element to the upper end of the central column is particularly easy and does not require complex screwing and /or tightening according to particular forces.
  • a self-cooking electrode 1 for the production of metals in an electric arc furnace.
  • the electrode 1 comprises a cylindrical ferrule 2, aligned along a longitudinal axis A which is also the longitudinal axis of the electrode 1.
  • the ferrule 2 is made of an electrically conductive material. Generally, ferrule 2 is made of steel.
  • the ferrule 2 comprises an open upper end 2a and a lower end 2b also open.
  • the electrode 1 also comprises a central column 3 arranged within the shell 2.
  • the central column 3 is also aligned on the longitudinal axis A, concentrically with the shell 2. As it appears from the figure 1 , the central column 3 extends over a length greater than that of the shell 2 and has an upper end 3a and a lower end 3b.
  • the central column 3 is suspended by its upper end 3a from a device 100 which will be described later.
  • the central column 3 is composed of a succession of elongated carbon elements 4, conductors of electricity, interconnected by connecting elements 5, also conductors of electricity.
  • the carbonaceous paste is introduced into the ferrule 2 through its upper end 2a, for example as indicated on the figure 1 by the arrow F, in raw form: the raw dough 6 softens with the rise in temperature during its gradual descent into the shell 2. The raw dough 6 passes into the liquid state under the effect of the heat, then it cooks little by little and crosslinks into a hard paste 7 in the lower part of the electrode 1, while attaching to the central column 3. In its cooked and hard form, the carbonaceous paste 7 is a conductor of electricity .
  • the electrode 1 is arranged vertically above the tank 8 of a furnace 9.
  • the furnace 9 is lined with refractory materials.
  • Tank 8 is loaded with mixtures of metal oxides and carbonaceous reducers (not represented on the figure 1 ).
  • Tank 8 is a rotating tank.
  • Oven 9 includes a hood 10.
  • the electrode 1 passes through the hood 10 so that the upper part of the electrode 1 is located outside the active and hot part of the oven 9, while the lower end 1b of the electrode 1 is located in the oven 9, immersed in the magmatic mixture of metal oxides and carbonaceous reducers.
  • the thermal energy of the electric arc established between the lower end 1b of the electrode 1 and the sheet of metal at the bottom of the tank 8 makes it possible to reach a temperature sufficient to produce the liquid metal by carbothermal reduction of its oxides.
  • the molten metal concentrates in a liquid sheet at the bottom of the tank 8 from which it is evacuated, for example by an overflow system (not shown on the figure). figure 1 ).
  • the operation of the electric arc furnace involves the consumption of the lower end 1b of the electrode 1.
  • the elongated element forming the lower end 3b of the central column 3 hereinafter called the last elongated element 4b
  • the connecting element located at the lower end 3b of the central column hereinafter called the last connecting element 5b, is also consumed.
  • the central column 3 is able to slide within the shell 2, so that only the last elongated carbon elements 4b and connecting elements 5b and the cooked carbon paste 7 are consumed in the molten mixture in the tank 8 as the metal is produced, while the steel shell 2 remains away from said mixture.
  • the molten mixture in the tank 8 is not contaminated by iron which would come from the dissolution of the shell 2.
  • the elongated carbon elements 4 are flexible, in other words they have flexibility allowing them to bend without breaking when lateral forces are applied to their ends.
  • the longitudinal axis of an elongated carbon element 4 is capable of bending according to an arc of a circle which can have a radius of curvature less than or equal to approximately 1 m, for example less than or equal to approximately 20 cm, for example less than or equal to approximately 10 cm, for example ranging from approximately 10 cm to approximately 5 cm.
  • the flexible nature of the elongated carbon elements 4 gives the central column 3 of the electrode 1 according to the invention a flexibility allowing it to undergo lateral forces in its lower part without risk of this column breaking.
  • the connecting elements 5 are also configured to authorize the deviation of an elongated carbon element 4 relative to the longitudinal axis A by an angle which can range from -10° to + 10°.
  • Such connecting elements 5 allow to improve the ability of the central column 3 to flex without breaking when lateral forces are exerted on its lower end 3b due to the rotation of the tank 8.
  • the first convex surface 12 and the second convex surface 13 are arranged relative to each other in such a way that the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the half-cylinder from which the first comes convex surface 12 is perpendicular to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the half-cylinder from which the second convex surface 13 comes.
  • the first convex surface 12 comprises two walls 12a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the half-cylinder from which it comes, these two walls 12a bordering the two ends of the half-cylinder portion forming this first convex surface 12.
  • the second convex surface 13 comprises two walls 13a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the half-cylinder from which it comes, these two walls 13a bordering the two ends of the half-cylinder portion forming this second convex surface 13.
  • each ring 14 generally comprises a elongated body, formed by two strips 15, and two rounded ends 16 generally in the shape of a U.
  • Each ring 14 can for example have a length ranging from 1 to several meters.
  • Each rounded end 16 has an internal curved surface 16a.
  • the elongated carbon elements 4 can be elongated flexible rings 14 made of textile material.
  • the flexible elongated rings 14 can be made from textile straps.
  • the flexible elongated rings 14 have sufficient tensile strength to support weights ranging from 1 to 40 tonnes, at temperatures above 2000°C.
  • the textile material can be made of carbon fibers.
  • the strips 15 are replaced by textile fiber ropes, for example by carbon fiber ropes.
  • the elongated carbon elements thus have great flexibility and are able to fold on themselves without breaking.
  • the elongated carbon elements are thus in the form of rings 14 which can easily be folded to associate them with each other by means of the connecting elements 5.
  • the association of the rings 14 makes it possible to constitute a chain of central suspension of the electrode.
  • Each link of this chain thus constituted can for example have a length of approximately 1 m.
  • the first convex surface 12 of a connecting element 5 is capable of receiving the internal curved surface 16a of one end 16 of a first flexible elongated ring 14, while the second convex surface 13 of the same connecting element 5 is adapted to receive the internal curved surface of one end 16 of a second flexible elongated ring 14, adjacent to the first flexible elongated ring 14.
  • the internal curved surface 16a of the end 16 of the first ring 14 lies in a plane perpendicular to the plane in which the internal curved surface 16a of the end 16 of the second ring 14 fits, adjacent to the first ring 14.
  • the two strips 15 forming the body of a flexible elongated ring 14 twist 90° from one end 16 of a ring 14 to the other end 16.
  • each ring 14 allows each ring 14 to change orientation relative to the overall longitudinal axis of column 3, and therefore to deviate relative to this axis, for example by an angle ranging from -10° to + 10°.
  • each ring 14 is also capable of changing orientation relative to each of the two rings 14 to which it is adjacent.
  • the continuity of the column and the attachment of the elongated carbon elements, in the form described above, are also ensured: in fact, the perpendicular walls 12a bordering the ends of the first convex surface 12 guarantee the maintenance of the internal curved surface 16a of the rounded end 16 of the ring 14 within said first convex surface 12. In the same way, the perpendicular walls 13a bordering the ends of the second convex surface 13 guarantee the maintenance of the internal curved surface 16a of the rounded end 16 of the ring 14 within said second convex surface 13.
  • the solid parts forming the connecting elements 5 are preferably made of an electrically conductive material retaining good mechanical characteristics at very high temperatures.
  • the connecting elements 5 are solid parts formed in a material chosen from graphite, silicon carbides, precooked carbon and/or their combinations.
  • first and second convex surfaces (12, 13) of the solid parts forming the connecting elements 5 makes it possible to reduce the shear stresses on the flexible elongated rings 14 made of textile material.
  • the electrode may further comprise a tool for taking off and assisting the descent of the hard carbonaceous paste into the ferrule, such as for example a conductive paint inside the ferrule, or even a form specific for the elements forming the shell for perfect interlocking before welding, or even for the sequential movements of a crown 200 (see figure 1 ) for suspension and extension of the ferrule 2.
  • a tool for taking off and assisting the descent of the hard carbonaceous paste into the ferrule such as for example a conductive paint inside the ferrule, or even a form specific for the elements forming the shell for perfect interlocking before welding, or even for the sequential movements of a crown 200 (see figure 1 ) for suspension and extension of the ferrule 2.
  • the device 100 comprises a fixed support, in the form of a fixed beam 101, and a mobile support, in the form of a movable beam 102, linked in vertical translation to the fixed beam 101 by a system of hydraulic cylinders 103.
  • the movable beam 102 overcomes the fixed beam 101 and is able to translate from a high position, in which the hydraulic cylinders 103 are deployed, as shown in the figure. figure 1 , towards a low position (not shown), in which the hydraulic cylinders 103 are retracted.
  • the fixed beam 101 is surmounted by a horizontal support surface 104 linked in vertical translation relative to said fixed beam 101.
  • the support surface 104 is linked to the fixed beam 101 by a system of hydraulic cylinders 105 (three cylinders in the example shown) and is able to translate between a high position, in which the cylinders 105 are deployed, as shown on the Figure 4 , and a low position, in which the hydraulic cylinders 105 are retracted, as shown in the figure 1 .
  • the support surface 104 comprises a central orifice 106 dimensioned to receive the elongated carbon elements 4, in the form of the flexible elongated rings 14 of the Figure 3 , and the connecting elements 5 of the central column 3. Furthermore, the central orifice 106 of the support surface 4 is positioned opposite a circular recess 107 formed in the fixed beam 101, so that the assembly of the central column 3, the elongated flexible rings 14 and the connecting elements 5 pass through both the central orifice 106 of the support surface 104 and the circular recess 107 of the fixed beam 101.
  • the device 100 further comprises a blocking part 108, in the form of a rectangular block in the example shown.
  • the blocking part 108 is intended to be fixed removably under a connecting element 5, as shown on the figures 1 And 4 , and is dimensioned to prevent the connecting element 5 to which it is temporarily attached from passing through the central orifice 106 of the support surface 104.
  • the central column 3 is fixed by the elongated carbon element forming its upper end, hereinafter called first elongated carbon element 4a, to the movable beam 102 by means of a double hook 109 (see figure 1 ).
  • the blocking part 108 is fixed under the first connecting element of the central column 3 starting from the upper end of the central column, hereinafter called first connecting element 5a, as shown in the figure 1 .
  • first connecting element 5a the entire central column 3 is supported by the mobile beam 102.
  • the part of the central column 3 which is located below this first connecting element 5a becomes supported by the fixed beam 101, by the intermediate of the support surface 104 linked to the fixed beam 101. Consequently, the part of the central column 3 located above the first connecting element 5a relaxes.
  • the first elongated carbon element 4a flexes, due to its flexible nature.
  • the textile material forming the elongated carbon elements 4 in the form of flexible elongated rings 14 naturally allows the rings 14 to flex on themselves.
  • the elongated carbon element 4a forming the upper end 3a of the central column 3. Due to its flexible nature, the elongated carbon element 4a can easily be folded to install in its upper end a new connecting element 5 and a new elongated carbon element 4, which in turn becomes the elongated carbon element forming the upper end of the central column 3.
  • the newly installed elongated carbon element 4 is then hooked to the double hook 109 of the movable beam 102.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 103 are again deployed to translate the movable beam 102 towards its high position.
  • the entire central column 3 is again under tension, so that the entire central column 3 again becomes supported by the movable beam 102.
  • the support surface 104 is then unlocked from its high position and translated towards its low position.
  • the blocking part 108 is removed from the first connecting element 5a which will then be allowed to pass through the central orifice 106 during the subsequent consumption of the electrode 1.
  • the blocking part 108 is then fixed on the connecting element upper 5, which becomes the new first connecting element.
  • This operation of adding a new elongated carbon element, also called joining operation, is repeated each time that an elongated carbon element 4 is consumed at the lower end 1b of the electrode 1.
  • the figure 1 shows the central column 3 just after such a joining operation.
  • the support surface 104 has just been brought into its lower position
  • the connecting element 5c is the one which was supported on the support surface 104 to carry out the joining operation, and from which the blocking part 108 has just been removed to install it under the newly installed connecting element 5, which has become the first connecting element 5a.
  • the stroke of the hydraulic cylinders 103 connecting the movable beam 102 to the fixed beam 101 is substantially greater than a length defined by two elongated carbon elements 4 of the central column 3 placed end to end. Such a stroke of the hydraulic cylinders allows an easier joining operation as described above.
  • the length of an elongated carbonaceous element can be approximately 1 m.
  • the stroke of the hydraulic cylinders 103 can for example be approximately 3 m.
  • the central column of the electrode according to the invention has flexibility allowing it to undergo lateral forces in its lower part without the risk of this column breaking.
  • the electrode according to the invention can be used in an electric arc furnace to minimize the risk of rupture of the electrode by bending of its suspension column. The productivity of the oven is thus greatly improved.
  • the electrode according to the invention and the device for suspending the central column of the electrode according to the invention make it possible to connect new carbon elements to the upper end of the central column in a particularly simple manner.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Selbstbackende Elektrode (1) für Lichtbogenofen (9), wobei die Elektrode (1) umfasst:
    - einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Mantel (2), der eine Längsmittelachse A, ein offenes oberes Ende (2a) und ein offenes unteres Ende (2b) umfasst, wobei der Mantel (2) aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material besteht und dazu bestimmt ist, senkrecht über einem Schacht (8) des Ofens über im Wesentlichen eine Länge der Elektrode angeordnet zu sein,
    - eine mittlere Säule (3), die im Innern des Mantels (2), im Wesentlichen auf die Längsachse A ausgerichtet, angeordnet ist, wobei die mittlere Säule (3) dazu geeignet ist, an einer Vorrichtung (100) aufgehängt zu sein, die von dem Mantel (2) unabhängig ist, so dass die mittlere Säule (3) dazu geeignet ist, in senkrechter Verschiebung innerhalb des Mantels (2) zu gleiten, und
    - eine rohe kohlenstoffhaltige Masse (6), die um die mittlere Säule (3) herum in einem oberen Teil des Mantels (2) angeordnet ist, wobei die Masse dazu konfiguriert ist, aufzuweichen und dann unter Einwirkung von Wärme zu einer harten kohlenstoffhaltigen Masse (7) auszuhärten, die sich mit der mittleren Säule (3) in einem unteren Teil des Mantels (2) fest verbindet,
    wobei die mittlere Säule (3) eine Reihe von kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen, elektrisch leitenden Elementen (4, 4b, 4a) umfasst,
    wobei die Elektrode (1) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elemente flexibel sind, und dass jedes kohlenstoffhaltige längliche Element (4) mit einem angrenzenden kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Element (4) durch ein elektrisch leitendes Verbindungselement (5) verbunden ist und dazu konfiguriert ist, die Abweichung des kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elements (4) im Verhältnis zur Längsachse A um einen Winkel, der von -10° bis +10° reichen kann, zuzulassen.
  2. Elektrode (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes kohlenstoffhaltige längliche Element (4) als ein biegsamer länglicher Ring (14) vorliegt, wobei jedes Verbindungselement (5) ein festes Stück umfasst, wobei das feste Stück versehen ist mit:
    - einer ersten konvexen Oberfläche (12), die dazu geeignet ist, die interne gebogene Oberfläche (16a) eines Endes (16) eines ersten biegsamen länglichen Rings (14) aufzunehmen,
    - einer zweiten konvexen Oberfläche (13), die dazu geeignet ist, die interne gebogene Oberfläche (16a) eines Endes (16) eines zweiten biegsamen länglichen Rings (14) aufzunehmen, der an den ersten biegsamen länglichen Ring (14) angrenzt.
  3. Elektrode (1) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste konvexe Oberfläche (12) in Form eines Abschnitts eines Halbzylinders vorliegt, und die zweite konvexe Oberfläche (13) ebenfalls in Form eines Abschnitts eines Halbzylinders vorliegt, die erste konvexe Oberfläche (12) und die zweite konvexe Oberfläche (13) zueinander derart angeordnet sind, dass die Ebene, die zur Längsachse des Halbzylinders, aus dem die erste konvexe Oberfläche (12) stammt, rechtwinklig ist, zu der Ebene rechtwinklig ist, die zur Längsachse des Halbzylinders, aus dem die zweite konvexe Oberfläche (13) stammt, rechtwinklig ist.
  4. Elektrode (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elemente (4) biegsame längliche Ringe (14) aus Textilmaterial sind.
  5. Elektrode (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Textilmaterial aus Kohlefaser gebildet ist.
  6. Elektrode (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (5) feste Stücke sind, die aus einem Material gebildet sind, das aus Graphit, Siliziumcarbid, vorgebranntem Kohlenstoff und/oder ihren Kombinationen gewählt wird.
  7. Elektrode (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner ein Werkzeug zum Ablösen und Helfen beim Herablassen der harten kohlenstoffhaltigen Masse (7) in den Mantel (2) umfasst.
  8. Vorrichtung (100) zum Aufhängen einer mittleren Säule (3) einer Elektrode (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 7, umfassend:
    - eine feststehende Stütze (101), die dazu geeignet ist, die mittlere Säule (3) zeitweilig abzustützen, wenn ein kohlenstoffhaltiges längliches Element (4) an einem oberen Ende (3a) der Säule (3) hinzugefügt wird, und
    - eine bewegliche Stütze (102), welche die feststehende Stütze (101) überragt und in senkrechter Verschiebung mit der feststehenden Stütze (101) durch ein Hydraulikzylindersystem (103) verbunden ist, wobei die bewegliche Stütze (102) dazu geeignet ist, von einer oberen Position, in der die Hydraulikzylinder (103) ausgefahren sind und ein kohlenstoffhaltiges längliches Element (4b), welches das untere Ende (3b) der mittleren Säule (3) bildet, in dem Lichtbogenofen nicht verbraucht wurde, in eine untere Position, in der die Hydraulikzylinder (103) eingezogen sind und das kohlenstoffhaltige längliche Element (4b), welches das untere Ende (3b) der mittleren Säule (3) bildet, aufgebraucht wurde, verschoben zu werden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die feststehende Stütze (101) mit einer waagerechten Auflagefläche (104) versehen ist, die in senkrechter Verschiebung mit der feststehenden Stütze (101) zwischen einer oberen Position, in der die Auflagefläche (104) ein Verbindungselement (5a) eines oberen Teils der mittleren Säule (3) aufnimmt, so dass der Teil der mittleren Säule (3), der sich unter dem Verbindungselement (5a) des oberen Teils der mittleren Säule befindet, von der Auflagefläche (104) abgestützt wird, und einer unteren Position, in der die Auflagefläche (104) kein Verbindungselement (5) aufnimmt, und keinen Teil der mittleren Säule (3) abstützt, verbunden ist.
  9. Vorrichtung (100) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflagefläche (104) translationsmäßig mit der feststehenden Stütze (101) durch ein Hydraulikzylindersystem (105) verbunden ist.
  10. Vorrichtung (100) nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die Auflagefläche (104) eine mittlere Öffnung (106) umfasst, die dimensioniert ist, um die kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elemente (4; 14) und die Verbindungselemente (5) der mittleren Säule (3) aufzunehmen, die Vorrichtung (100) ferner ein abnehmbares Blockierungsstück (108) umfasst, das unter dem Verbindungselement (5a) eines oberen Teils der mittleren Säule (3) positionierbar ist, wobei das Blockierungsstück (108) dazu dimensioniert ist, zu verhindern, dass das Verbindungselement (5a) eines oberen Teils der mittleren Säule (3) durch die mittlere Öffnung (106) geht, wenn sich die Auflagefläche (104) in der oberen Position befindet.
  11. Vorrichtung (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hub der Hydraulikzylinder (103), welche die bewegliche Stütze (102) mit der feststehenden Stütze (101) verbinden, im Wesentlichen größer ist als eine Länge, die von zwei kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elementen (4) der mittleren Säule (3) aneinandergesetzt definiert ist.
  12. Verfahren zum Verlängern eines kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elements (4) am oberen Ende (3a) einer mittleren Säule (3) einer Elektrode (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 anhand einer Vorrichtung (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es folgende Schritte umfasst:
    - A) am Ende des Verbrauchs des kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elements (4b), welches das untere Ende (3b) der mittleren Säule (3) bildet, während die gesamte mittlere Säule (3) durch Aufhängen des kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elements (4a), welches das obere Ende (3a) der mittleren Säule (3) bildet, an der beweglichen Stütze (102), sie sich in ihre untere Position verschiebt, Auflegen auf die Auflagefläche (104), die in der oberen Position blockiert ist, des ersten Verbindungselements (5a) der mittleren Säule (3) ausgehend von dem oberen Ende (3a) der mittleren Säule (3),
    - B) wenn die Auflage des ersten Verbindungselements (5a) der mittleren Säule (3) auf der Auflagefläche (104), die in der oberen Position blockiert ist, beendet ist, Abstützen des Teils der mittleren Säule (3), der sich unter dem ersten Verbindungselement (5a) befindet, von der feststehenden Stütze (101) abgestützt, und Entspannen des Teils der mittleren Säule, der sich unter dem ersten Verbindungselement (5a) befindet,
    - C) dann Abnehmen des kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elements (4a), welches das obere Ende (3a) der mittleren Säule (3) bildet, von der beweglichen Stütze (102),
    - D) Installieren auf dem kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Element (4a), das von einem Verbindungselement (5) abgenommen wurde, eines neuen kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elements (4), das wiederum das kohlenstoffhaltige längliche Element wird, welches das obere Ende der mittleren Säule bildet,
    - E) Aufhängen an der beweglichen Stütze (102) des neu installierten kohlenstoffhaltigen länglichen Elements (4),
    - F) Verschieben der beweglichen Stütze (102) in ihre obere Position, um die gesamte mittlere Säule (3) derart unter Spannung zu setzen, dass die gesamte mittlere Säule (3) wieder von der beweglichen Stütze (102) abgestützt wird,
    - G) Entriegeln der Auflagefläche (104) aus ihrer oberen Position und Verschieben derselben in ihre untere Position zum Freigeben des ersten Verbindungselements (5a), das sie trug.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, umgesetzt anhand einer Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor Schritt A) das Blockierungsstück (108) unter dem ersten Verbindungselement (5a) positioniert wird.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die gesamte mittlere Säule (3) wieder von der beweglichen Stütze (102) abgestützt wird, wie in Schritt F) beschrieben, und die Auflagefläche (104) in ihre untere Position zurückgebracht wird, wie in Schritt G) beschrieben, das Blockierungsstück (108) von dem ersten Verbindungselement (5a), das die Auflagefläche (104) trug, entfernt wird und das Blockierungsstück (108) unter dem oberen angrenzenden Verbindungselement (5) positioniert wird.
EP20725819.5A 2019-03-08 2020-03-04 Selbstbackende elektrode Active EP3935918B1 (de)

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FR1902394A FR3093610B1 (fr) 2019-03-08 2019-03-08 Electrode à auto-cuisson
PCT/FR2020/050429 WO2020183093A1 (fr) 2019-03-08 2020-03-04 Electrode à auto-cuisson

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2797739B1 (fr) * 1999-08-19 2001-09-21 Invensil Dispositif de montage d'electrode composite a auto-cuisson pour four electrique a arc

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR647208A (fr) * 1928-01-16 1928-11-21 Norske Elektrokemisk Ind As Dispositif de sûreté pour électrodes
US4575856A (en) 1984-05-18 1986-03-11 Pennsylvania Engineering Corporation Iron free self baking electrode
EP0179164B1 (de) * 1984-10-23 1987-09-02 Kinglor - Ltd Selbstbackende Elektrode für elektrische Lichtbogenöfen und dergleichen
IT1243899B (it) * 1989-11-14 1994-06-28 Elkem Technology Procedimento e mezzi per la produzione continua di corpi di carbone.
IT1396948B1 (it) * 2009-12-16 2012-12-20 Italghisa S P A Pasta elettrodica per elettrodi in grafite privi di "binder" a base idrocarburica
WO2019233549A1 (de) * 2018-06-04 2019-12-12 Rheinfelden Carbon Gmbh & Co. Kg Selbstbackende elektrode

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2797739B1 (fr) * 1999-08-19 2001-09-21 Invensil Dispositif de montage d'electrode composite a auto-cuisson pour four electrique a arc

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WO2020183093A1 (fr) 2020-09-17
FR3093610A1 (fr) 2020-09-11
US20210410242A1 (en) 2021-12-30
ZA202106441B (en) 2022-06-29
BR112021017660A2 (pt) 2021-11-16
CA3131982A1 (fr) 2020-09-17
EP3935918A1 (de) 2022-01-12

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