EP3917704A1 - Fabrication additive par modulation de puissance laser - Google Patents
Fabrication additive par modulation de puissance laserInfo
- Publication number
- EP3917704A1 EP3917704A1 EP20706576.4A EP20706576A EP3917704A1 EP 3917704 A1 EP3917704 A1 EP 3917704A1 EP 20706576 A EP20706576 A EP 20706576A EP 3917704 A1 EP3917704 A1 EP 3917704A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- point
- powder
- laser beam
- powder layer
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
- G05B19/4099—Surface or curve machining, making three-dimensional [3D] objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/30—Circuit design
- G06F30/32—Circuit design at the digital level
- G06F30/33—Design verification, e.g. functional simulation or model checking
- G06F30/3308—Design verification, e.g. functional simulation or model checking using simulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the general field of selective additive manufacturing.
- Selective additive manufacturing consists in producing three-dimensional objects by consolidating selected areas on successive layers of powder material (metallic powder, ceramic powder, etc.). The consolidated zones correspond to successive sections of the three-dimensional object. Consolidation takes place, for example, layer by layer, by total or partial selective melting carried out with a power source.
- high power laser sources or electron beam sources are used as the source for melting the powder layers.
- the maximum temperature reached by the powder can exceed the evaporation temperature, and the temperature field within a layer of powder present large gradients.
- a general aim of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the additive manufacturing processes of the prior art.
- one aim of the invention is to provide a solution for better controlling the temperature field during the process.
- the aim is achieved in the context of the present invention by virtue of a method of selective additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object from a layer of powder, the method comprising the steps of:
- the estimated temperature variation DT is estimated beforehand, as a function of the distance r21 between the first point and the second point and of the interval of predetermined time (t 2 -t 1 ), by calculating:
- Q1 being an energy received by the layer during the emission of the laser beam so as to consolidate the first zone of the powder layer
- ⁇ being a thermal effusivity of the powder layer
- R being a ray of the laser beam
- a being a thermal diffusivity of the powder layer
- t 0 is a predetermined instant.
- the n-th point being located at the distance rni from an i-th point of the powder layer
- each i-th point being located within an i-th zone of the consolidated powder layer and being illuminated by the laser beam at the instant ti, as follows: in which T 0 is the initial temperature of the powder, and - a step of emission at the instant t n of a laser beam towards the n-th point so as to consolidate an n-th zone of the powder layer including the n-th point, with the power adjusted.
- T 0 is the initial temperature of the powder
- each i-th point of the (n-1) first points of the layer is located at a distance r ni from the n-th point of the powder layer such that
- Vl is a predetermined spatial neighborhood
- each i-th point corresponds to an instant t i of emission of the laser beam towards the i-th point
- Vt is a predetermined temporal neighborhood
- n an integer greater than or equal to two.
- a power Pn of the laser beam emitted on the n-th point of the layer of additive manufacturing powder as a function of an estimate of a temperature before consolidation Tp (t n ) is calculated as follows in which Dt is a predetermined time step and Ts is a predetermined threshold temperature.
- a threshold temperature Ts is predetermined as a function of at least one temperature objective chosen from the following conditions:
- the laser scans a discontinuous trajectory comprising a first group of portions of straight lines parallel to each other.
- the laser scans a continuous path comprising the first group of portions of straight lines parallel to each other and a second group of portions of straight lines, each portion of the straight line of the second group joining a first end of a first straight portion of the first group and a second end of a second right portion of the first group, the second right portion being adjacent to the first right portion.
- the estimation of the temperature variation of the powder layer at the n-th point caused by the emission of the laser beam so as to consolidate one or more areas of the powder layer is carried out once the manufacturing process has start.
- the invention also relates to a selective additive manufacturing apparatus suitable for carrying out the processes as described in this section.
- the invention relates to an apparatus for selective additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object from a layer of powder, the apparatus comprising:
- control unit configured to control the laser type source so that the source emits a laser beam on a first point of the additive manufacturing powder layer, so as to consolidate a first zone of the powder layer comprising the first point
- the device further comprising:
- a memory for storing an estimated temperature variation of the powder layer at a second point of the powder layer caused by the emission of the laser beam so as to consolidate the first zone of the powder layer, the estimated temperature variation being a function of the distance between the first point and the second point and of a predetermined time interval,
- control unit is configured for:
- the apparatus can be supplemented by a computer or a simulator (C) adapted to determine estimates of temperature variations of the powder layer at an n-th point caused by the emission of the laser beam so consolidating one or more areas of the powder layer once the manufacturing process has started.
- C a simulator
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an additive manufacturing device according to a possible embodiment of the invention.
- - Figure 2 schematically shows a path located on the surface of a powder layer and scanned by a laser beam
- - Figure 3 schematically shows a maximum temperature field reached by the powder, when the powder layer is scanned by a laser beam according to a technique known from the prior art
- FIG. 4 schematically shows changes during a scanning of a powder layer by a laser beam, according to a technique known from the prior art, of a power of the laser beam emitted towards the powder layer , a temperature of the powder before consolidation, a temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot, and a maximum temperature reached by the powder;
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a temperature map reached by the powder at the center point of the laser spot, according to a technique known from the prior art
- FIG. 6 schematically shows changes during a scanning of a powder layer by a laser beam according to a possible embodiment of the invention of a power of the laser beam sent to the powder layer, a temperature of the powder before consolidation, a temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot, a target temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot and a maximum temperature reached by the powder;
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a power field of the laser beam sent to the powder, when the powder layer is scanned by a laser beam according to a possible embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 8a and 8b schematically represent a detail of a path on the surface of a layer of powder scanned by a laser beam according to two techniques known from the prior art;
- FIG. 9 schematically represents a path on the surface of a layer of powder scanned by a laser beam;
- FIG. 10 diagrammatically represents changes during a scanning of a layer of powder by a laser beam according to a possible embodiment of the invention of a power of the laser beam emitted towards the layer of powder, a temperature of the powder before consolidation, a temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot, a target temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot and a maximum temperature reached by the powder;
- Figure 11 schematically shows a power field of the laser beam sent to the powder, when the powder layer is scanned by a laser beam according to a possible embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 12 schematically shows a maximum temperature field reached by the powder, when the powder layer is scanned by a laser beam according to a possible embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 13 schematically shows a method for determining a spatial neighborhood and a temporal neighborhood of a point of the powder layer
- FIG. 14 schematically represents a spatial neighborhood and a temporal neighborhood of a point of the powder layer
- the selective additive manufacturing apparatus 121 of FIG. 1 comprises:
- a support such as a horizontal plate 123 on which the various layers of additive manufacturing powder are successively deposited (metal powder, ceramic powder, etc.) making it possible to manufacture a three-dimensional object (object 122 in the shape of a tree in FIG. 1),
- this arrangement 124 comprising for example a squeegee 125 and / or a layering roller for spreading the different successive layers of powder (movement according to the double arrow A),
- an assembly 128 comprising at least one laser-type source 1212 for the fusion (total or partial) of the thin layers spread, the laser beam generated by the source 1212 comes into contact with the thin layers spread in the plane of powders, c ' that is to say in the plane where the powder layer has been spread by the squeegee 125.
- control unit 129 which controls the various components of the device 121 as a function of pre-stored information (memory M), - a mechanism 1210 to allow the support to be lowered from the plate 123 as and when deposition of the layers (displacement according to the double arrow B).
- At least one galvanometric mirror 1214 makes it possible to orient and move the laser beam coming from the source 1212 relative to the object 122 according to the information sent by the control unit. control 129. Any other deflection system can of course be considered.
- the components of the device 121 are arranged inside a sealed enclosure 1217 which can be connected to an air or inert gas treatment circuit.
- the air or inert gas treatment circuit may further be adapted to adjust the pressure within the sealed enclosure 1217 below or above atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 2 schematically represents a path situated on the surface of a layer of powder and scanned by a laser beam.
- the powder layer is scanned by a laser beam in zigzags or back and forth so as to gradually consolidate the powder layer.
- the laser is emitted towards a first point A 1 of the powder layer and scans at constant power and constant speed the powder layer along a first straight portion oriented in the direction of an X axis up to a point B 1 .
- the first portion on the right corresponds to a value of the Y coordinate close to 0 and is scanned in the positive direction of the X axis.
- the length of the straight portion A 1 B 1 is in this example equal to one millimeter.
- Scanning the first right portion with a laser beam locally supplies the powder layer with enough energy to melt the powder and consolidate an area of the layer that includes the first right portion.
- the laser emission to the powder layer is then interrupted.
- the laser emission is reactivated so that the laser scans at constant power and constant speed a second portion of the line from a point B 2 to a point A 2 .
- This right portion is parallel to the first right portion.
- the second right portion corresponds to a value of the Y coordinate greater than that of the preceding right portion, and is scanned in the negative direction of the X axis.
- the length of the second portion on the right is the same as that of the first portion.
- the emission of the laser is interrupted, then reactivated to scan at constant power and constant speed in the positive direction of the X axis a third straight portion from a point A 3 to a point B 3 .
- This right portion is parallel to the two previous straight portions, corresponding to a value of the Y coordinate greater than that of the two preceding straight portions.
- Thermal effects of laser scanning at constant power Figure 3 shows schematically a field of maximum temperature reached by the powder, as it is scanned by a laser beam along the path described in Figure 2.
- the temperature during of the manufacturing process can be determined by numerical simulation at any point of the powder layer.
- this is the end that is scanned first by the laser.
- Zone Z 1 shown in Figures 2 and 3 corresponds to such points of the powder layer. They are located towards the end of the third portion on the right which is scanned first by the laser.
- the most important maximum temperatures correspond approximately to a temperature of 3500 Kelvins. This temperature may exceed the temperature vaporization of additive manufacturing powder. This is particularly the case when the additive manufacturing powder is composed of Ti6Al4V whose vaporization temperature is 3473K.
- the vaporization of the powder can produce gaps in the manufactured article and spatter on already solidified areas, which can deteriorate the quality, the surface finish and the mechanical characteristics of the manufactured article.
- Zone Z 2 represented in FIGS. 2 and 3 corresponds to points of the powder layer where the maximum temperatures are the least important. Zone Z 2 is located near zone Z1.
- Relatively strong temperature gradients are located between zone Z1 and zone Z 2 of the powder layer. More generally, the start of the scanning of a new portion of the line is associated with relatively strong temperature gradients.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents the changes in different magnitudes as a layer of powder is scanned by a laser beam along the path shown in FIG. 2 and as described above, the different sizes being:
- the curve of the power of the laser beam represented as a function of time shows the scanning times of each portion of the line as they have been described above in the description of FIG. 2.
- the scanning speed of the powder layer by the laser beam is one meter per second.
- the laser beam scans each portion of the line in a millisecond.
- the laser beam emission is suspended and the power drops to zero.
- the curve of the power of the laser beam over time corresponds to a series of slots of width one millisecond and of constant height. Each portion on the right is scanned by the laser at a constant power of 300 W.
- Each right portion corresponds to a slot
- each instant u located on the horizontal axis of Time corresponds to a point M of the powder layer located on the path towards which the laser is emitted at the instant u.
- the center of the laser spot sweeps the point M at the instant u.
- laser spot is meant the laser spot corresponding to a cross section of the laser beam located at the intersection between the laser beam and the powder layer.
- the laser spot can have a circular shape.
- the temperature of the powder before consolidation 31 is an estimate of the temperature Tp of the powder layer at point M, just before the instant u. This estimate characterizes the diffusion at point M of the energy supplied before the instant u by the laser beam to the powder layer.
- Curve 31 is obtained by digital simulation.
- the temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot 32 is the temperature of the powder at a point scanned by the center of the laser spot at the instant of the passage of the laser. It corresponds to the estimate of the temperature of the powder at point M just after the instant u.
- Curve 32 is obtained by digital simulation.
- the maximum temperature reached by the powder 33 is an estimate of the maximum temperature which is reached by the powder at a point M during the manufacturing process. This estimate takes into account the energy supplied by the laser to point M at instant u as well as the scattering at point M of the energy supplied before instant u by the laser to the powder layer.
- Curve 33 exhibits peaks shortly after the start of each square of curve 30. The temperatures corresponding to these peaks exceed 3500K and possibly the vaporization temperature of the additive manufacturing powder.
- Curves 31, 32 and 33 show some similar variations.
- curves 31, 32 and 33 show a sudden drop in signal around each end of a square wave of curve 30, this signal drop is followed by a sharp increase and then a slower decrease during the following square wave.
- curve 30 before exhibiting a further sudden drop in signal around the end of this next slot.
- the sweeping of a right portion of the powder layer corresponds to a maximum temperature reached which is low at the start of the sweep, then suddenly much higher before decreasing more and more until the end of the sweeping of the right portion.
- the temperature before consolidation Tp and the temperature reached by the powder at the center point of the laser spot follow the same evolution.
- FIG. 5 schematically represents a temperature map reached by the powder at the center point of the laser spot, when the powder layer is scanned by a laser beam along the trajectory of FIG. 2 and as described above. high.
- Figure 5 and curve 32 of figure 4 provide two representations of the same magnitude "temperature reached by the powder at the center point of the spot laser ”.
- this representation is spatial
- curve 32 of FIG. 4 this representation is temporal.
- the temperature at the center point of the laser spot is low at the start of scanning of a portion of the line, then suddenly much higher.
- the zones Z 3a , Z 3b and Z 3c identified in FIG. 5 correspond to this variation. Once this sudden increase has passed, the temperature at the center point of the laser spot decreases more slowly until the end of the scanning of the right portion.
- part of the energy supplied by the laser diffuses to the next right portion in the order of the laser scanning.
- the next right-hand portion is heated, and in particular in the area opposite the points which have just been scanned by the laser. Over time, the energy diffuses more into the powder, so that the energy from the swept right portion which diffused at points in the area opposite the next straight portion passes through a maximum before decrease.
- the emission of the laser beam towards the powder layer is interrupted at the end of the scanning of the right portion, then reactivated at the start of the next right portion. This discontinuity causes a decrease in the energy input from a right portion to the next right portion.
- the temperature of the powder before consolidation 31 is lower at the very beginning of the right-hand portion compared to the rest of the right-hand portion.
- This temperature difference before consolidation can be seen on curve 31 of FIG. 4, and corresponds to the drop in the signal in this curve located around each end of the square wave of curve 30.
- the temperature at the center point of the laser spot depends in particular on the temperature before consolidation at the scanned point, that is to say on the energy coming from the previous straight portion which is present at this point at the time of its scanning by the laser.
- the sixth and seventh portions P6 and P7 are indicated in FIG. 5. They are scanned in the direction of arrows F6 and F7. Different zones have been identified in these portions, they are scanned by the laser in the following order: Z 7a , Z 6a , Z 5a , Z 4a , Z 4b , Z 5b , Z 6b and Z 7b .
- zone Z 4b There is relatively less energy diffused from the zones previously scanned at the very beginning of the right-hand portion, for example in zone Z 4b because of the interruption of the laser emission between zones Z 4a and Z 4b .
- zone Z 6a which diffused in zone Z 6b at the time of scanning of zone Z 6b , is:
- the temperature field illustrated in FIG. 5 corresponds to the temperature field at the center point of the laser spot. This field is inhomogeneous with strong temperature gradients, in particular at the ends of the right-hand portions which are scanned first. Trajectories in the powder layer scanned by the modulated power laser A method is proposed in order to better control the temperature field reached by the powder at the center of the laser spot and consequently the field of maximum temperature reached, by modulating the laser power during the scanning of the powder.
- a path in the powder layer to be scanned at constant speed by the laser is chosen.
- This path can be virtually cut into segments Sn, for example of identical length, then corresponding to identical laser scanning times.
- Each Sn segment can be characterized in particular by an n-th point of the powder layer included in the Sn segment and an instant tn from which the segment is scanned by the laser.
- a calculation of the laser beam power with which each segment is scanned is performed in the order of the scanning of the different segments.
- this calculation includes the following steps:
- the threshold temperature Ts is a temperature of the layer to be reached without be passed at the center point of the laser spot
- FIG. 6 corresponds to the application of such a method in the case of the scanning of a layer of powder by a laser beam along the trajectory shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents the evolutions of different quantities as the scanning progresses, the different quantities being:
- the magnitudes represented in the curves 41, 42 and 43 are defined respectively in the same way as the magnitudes represented in the curves 31, 32 and 33, but in the case where the method is applied to better control the temperature field.
- the scanning speed of the powder layer by the laser beam is one meter per second.
- the laser beam scans each portion of the line in a millisecond.
- the laser beam emission is suspended and the power drops to zero.
- the laser beam power curve 40 over time shows signal drops to zero for one millisecond, two milliseconds, and so on every milliseconds.
- the sweep of each portion of the line corresponds to a time interval between two drops of the signal to zero.
- the curve of the power 40 of the laser beam during the first millisecond is constant, the power being kept constant during the scanning of the first right portion.
- the power of the laser beam is maximum at the very beginning of the right-hand portion, then decreases sharply and then increases more slowly during the scanning.
- These variations in the power of the laser beam during scanning are opposed to the variations in the maximum temperature as described in the case of the maximum temperature curve 33 in FIG. 4.
- the powder temperature curve before consolidation 41 of FIG. 6 presents certain variations similar to the temperature curve of the powder before consolidation 31 of FIG. 4.
- the curve 41 exhibits a sudden drop in signal around each end of the scan of a straight portion, this signal drop is followed by a sudden increase then a slower decrease during the scan of the portion. next right.
- the amplitude of the variations of the curve 41 is however less than the amplitude of the variations of the curve 31: from the second straight portion scanned by the laser beam, the curve 41 changes between the temperature values 1200K and 2200K, i.e. an interval of 1000K, while the curve 31 changes between the temperature values 1400K and 2700K, ie an interval of 1300K.
- Curve 44 represents an objective for the temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot. More precisely, this is a temperature of the powder to be reached without being exceeded at a point of the powder layer scanned by the center of the laser spot at the instant of the passage of the laser.
- the curve 44 is constant: the temperature of the layer to be reached without being exceeded at the center point of the laser spot is the same during the scanning of the laser and the manufacturing process. This temperature can be called the threshold temperature Ts.
- Curve 42 is, at the very start of the scanning of each right-hand portion, less than curve 44, then during the remainder of the scanning of the right-hand portion, the two curves 42 and 44 coincide.
- the objective of the temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot is reached quickly after the start of the scanning of each right portion by the laser beam.
- the amplitude of the variations of the curve 42 is less than the amplitude of the variations of the curve 32: from the second straight portion scanned by the laser beam, the curve 42 evolves between the temperature values 1800K and 2300K, i.e. a interval of 500K, while the curve 32 evolves between the temperature values 1600K and 3100K, ie an interval of 1500K.
- the method makes it possible to drastically reduce the variations in the temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot compared to the situation in FIG. 4.
- Curve 43 shows peaks shortly after the start of scanning of each portion on the right by the laser beam. .
- the temperatures corresponding to these peaks do not exceed 3000K and are clearly below the vaporization temperature of the Ti6Al4V material.
- the temperature reached by the powder during the application of the new method can thus be lower than the vaporization temperature of the powder. This makes it possible to reduce the energy consumed during the additive manufacturing process and to avoid vaporization and material gaps in the manufactured object.
- the amplitude of the variations of the curve 43 is clearly less than the amplitude of the variations of the curve 33: from the second straight portion scanned by the laser beam, the curve 43 evolves between the values of temperatures 2600K and 2900K, ie an interval of 300K, while the curve 33 changes between the temperature values 2900K and 3600K, ie an interval of 700K.
- FIG. 7 diagrammatically represents a power field of the laser beam sent towards the powder, in the same mode of scanning the powder layer by a laser beam as that of FIG. 6.
- the power is constant, equal to approximately 300 W, during the first straight portion located at the bottom of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8a schematically shows a detail of a path for scanning a powder layer by a laser beam along the path shown in Figure 2 and as described above
- the power of the laser beam is modulated during the scanning according to the proposed method in order to better control the temperature field.
- the trajectory presents a discontinuity between the straight portion 48 and the next straight portion 49.
- the laser scans the straight portion 48 and passes in particular through the points 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d and 48e. These points correspond to the ends of segments Sn of identical length which virtually cut out the straight portions scanned by the laser and for which a power of the laser beam is calculated.
- the circle 51a corresponds to the laser spot which illuminates the powder layer at point 48a.
- Surface 52a corresponds to the thermal effect of scanning the laser up to point 48a.
- the surface 52a is all the more important as the temperature reached at point 48a is important.
- the surface 52a depends on the one hand on the power of the laser beam sent to the point 48a and on the other hand on the energy supplied by the laser to the layer of powder upstream of the point 48a and which has diffused up to the point 48a .
- the thermal effects of the laser scanning increase as the straight portion 48 is scanned.
- the areas 52b, 52c, 52d and 52e are increasingly large.
- the power of the laser beam increases as the scanning progresses, as mentioned in the description of FIG. 7.
- the energy scattered in the powder layer in the scanning direction is more and more important as the scanning progresses. scan of the right portion 48.
- the laser emission is interrupted. It is reactivated so that the laser beam is emitted towards point 49e.
- the laser beam then scans the right portion 49 in the direction opposite to the right portion 48, from point 49e to point 49a.
- the thermal effects of the laser scanning increase with the scanning of the right portion 49.
- the surfaces 53e, 53d, 53c, 53b and 53a are, in this order, more and more important.
- Area 53e corresponding to the thermal effect of scanning the laser to point 49e is significantly smaller than area 52e.
- the discontinuity of the scanning that is to say the interruption of the emission of the laser between the points 48e and 49e, as well as the change in the direction of scanning between these points participate in reducing the energy diffused in the layer of powder between points 48th and 49th.
- the thermal effect of the laser scanning is greater at the point 48th than at point 49th.
- the temperature field reached by the powder at the center of the laser spot reached is not homogeneous on the path scanned in the case of the figure 8a and FIG. 6.
- the temperature curve of the powder before consolidation 41 and the temperature curve of the powder at the center point of the laser spot 42 present both a signal drop.
- the power of the laser beam is modulated during the scanning according to the proposed method in order to better control the temperature field.
- the trajectory has continuity between the straight portion 48 and the next straight portion 49, with the addition of a straight portion 50 which joins the 48th end of the straight portion 48 and the 49th end of the portion. right 49th.
- the right-hand portion 50 is scanned by the laser beam from point 48e to point 49e, passing in particular through point 50a with which the surface 54a is associated which characterizes the thermal effect of the laser scanning up to point 50a.
- FIG. 9 schematically represents a trajectory on the surface of a layer of powder scanned by a laser beam according to a proposed form of trajectory.
- the trajectory is continuous and comprises a first group of portions of parallel lines which correspond to the portions of parallel lines of the trajectory shown in FIG. 2.
- the trajectory of FIG. 9 comprises a second group of portions of straight lines, each portion of the straight line second group joining a first end of a first portion of line of the first group and a second end of a second line portion of the first group, the second line portion being close to the first line portion.
- FIG. 10 schematically represents the changes in different quantities as the scanning progresses, the different quantities being:
- the quantities represented in curves 71, 72 and 73 are defined respectively in the same way as the quantities represented in curves 31, 32 and 33, but in the case where the method is applied to better control the temperature field on the case of a continuous trajectory.
- the scanning speed of the powder layer by the laser beam being equal to one meter per second, and the length of each right portion of the first group of straight portions being equal to one millimeter, the laser beam scans each right portion of the first group in a millisecond.
- the curve of the power 70 of the laser beam during the first millisecond is constant, the power is kept constant during the scanning of the first portion on the right.
- the power of the laser beam does not drop to zero, and a certain time is required for the laser to scan the right portion of the second group.
- the power curve 70 presents, from the second right portion of the first group, a regular pattern and a time period which is greater than one millisecond.
- Contour 75 surrounds an area of curve 70 which shows the two consecutive sequences of rapidly decreasing and increasing signal.
- Each of the two consecutive sequences corresponds to a change in the scanning direction of the laser.
- the first sequence corresponds to the transition from a right portion of the first group to a right portion of the second group.
- the second sequence corresponds to the transition from the right portion of the second group to a right portion of the first group.
- the power of the laser beam passes through a maximum at the very beginning of the line portion, then decreases sharply.
- the temperature curve of the powder before consolidation 71 exhibits variations, which from the second right-hand portion of the first group, are regular with the same time period greater than one millisecond as the time period described for the curve 70.
- the temperature of the powder before consolidation at the very beginning of the right-hand portion of the first group has been increased in FIG. 10 compared to the situation in FIG. 6.
- curve 74 is constant: the the temperature of the layer to be reached without being exceeded at the center point of the laser spot is the same during the scanning of the laser and the manufacturing process. This temperature can be called the threshold temperature Ts.
- the curve 72 is, at the very beginning of the scanning of the trajectory, less than the curve 44, then during the remainder of the scanning of the trajectory the two curves 42 and 44 coincide.
- the target temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot is reached quickly after the start of the scanning of the first right portion by the laser beam.
- the amplitude of the variations of the curve 72 is markedly less than the amplitude of the variations of the curve 42: from the second straight portion scanned by the laser beam, the curve 72 appears constant, while the curve 42 changes between the temperature values 1600K and 2300K, i.e. an interval of 700K.
- the proposed continuous path makes it possible to drastically reduce the variations in the temperature of the powder at the center point of the laser spot compared to the situation in FIG. 6.
- the curve 73 presents, from the second right portion of the first group, a pattern regular with the same time period greater than one millisecond as the time period described for curves 70 and 71.
- the maximum temperatures reached during these patterns do not exceed 3000K and are clearly below the vaporization temperature of the Ti6Al4V material.
- the temperature reached by the powder during the application of the new method and according to the proposed continuous trajectory can thus be lower than the vaporization temperature of the powder. This makes it possible to reduce the energy consumed during the additive manufacturing process and to avoid vaporization and material gaps in the manufactured object.
- FIG. 11 schematically represents a power field of the laser beam sent to the powder, in the same mode of scanning the powder layer by a laser beam as that of FIG. 10.
- the power of the laser beam is constant, equal to approximately 300 W, during the first straight portion located at the bottom of FIG. 11.
- the power of the laser beam is maximum at the very start of the scan, then drops sharply before increasing again more slowly during the scan of the portion on the right.
- the continuity of the trajectory makes the very end of the sweep of one section of the line coincide with the very start of the sweep of the next section of the line.
- FIG. 12 schematically represents a maximum temperature field reached by the powder, when the powder layer is scanned by the laser beam, in the same mode of scanning the powder layer by a laser beam as that of FIG. 10 .
- the maximum temperature field presents in figure 12 a greater homogeneity than in figure 3.
- the maximum temperature is between 1700K and 2800K in figure 12, while it is between 1800K and 3500K in figure 3.
- the temperature gradients in the case of figure 12 are lower than in the case of figure 3.
- This estimate takes into account the diffusion at said point of the energy previously supplied by the laser to the powder layer.
- a temperature variation of the powder layer at a second point distinct from the first point of the powder layer caused by the emission of the laser beam so as to consolidate the first zone of the powder layer can be estimated according to the distance between the first point and the second point and a predetermined time interval.
- this estimated temperature variation DT can be determined as follows as a function of the distance r 21 between the first point and the second point and of a predetermined time interval (t 2 -t 1 ):
- Q 1 is the energy received by the layer during the emission of the laser beam so as to scan the first segment
- ⁇ is a thermal effusivity of the powder layer
- R is a ray of the laser beam
- a is a thermal diffusivity of the powder layer
- t 0 is a predetermined instant.
- the energy Q 1 can be defined as the product of the power of the laser beam emitted on the first point by the emission time of the laser beam on this first point. If the laser beam is scanned along a trajectory, it is possible to define a time step t and to divide the trajectory into sections, each section being scanned by the laser beam for a duration equal to the time step t . If these sections are small enough, it is possible to consider that the energy sent to the section is sent to a single point of the section.
- the laser spot has a circular shape defined by a ray R.
- the formula used here is taken from a model that applies to the diffusion of heat in solids, which model can also be applied to solid additive manufacturing powders including metallic ceramic powders.
- This formula can be used to establish the temperature of the powder at the second point at any time subsequent to time t 1 .
- this formula can be used to establish the temperature of the powder before consolidation Tp (t 2 ) at the second point, that is to say the temperature of the powder at the second point just before the laser illuminates this second point.
- the temperature of the powder before consolidation Tp (t 2 ) at the second point located at a distance r21 from the first point of the powder layer at time t 2 can be estimated from the relation
- T 0 is the initial temperature of the powder.
- the emission of a laser beam on the first point of the layer of additive manufacturing powder takes place at time t 1 .
- This estimate makes it possible to implement a selective additive manufacturing process for a three-dimensional object from a layer of powder, the process comprising the steps of:
- Said adjusted power, denoted P 2 can be calculated as a function of the estimate of the temperature before consolidation Tp (t 2 ) as follows: in which Dt is a time step, Ts is a predetermined threshold temperature and t 0 is a predetermined instant. In this particular situation, one can choose
- the temperature before consolidation can be estimated in the situation of a path in the powder layer comprising several points illuminated by the laser.
- the temperature of the powder before consolidation Tp (t n ) at an instant t n at an n-th point, n being an integer greater than or equal to two, can be estimated knowing the energy provided by the laser beam to the layer of powder before time tn.
- Each i-th point, with is illuminated by the laser beam at the instant ti and is located within an i-th zone of the powder layer consolidated thanks to the energy Qi supplied by the laser beam around the instant t i .
- the distance between the i-th point and the n-th point is denoted by r ni .
- the n-th point being located at the distance r ni from an i-th point of the powder layer
- each i-th point being located within an i-th zone of the consolidated powder layer and being illuminated by the laser beam at the instant ti, as follows: in which T0 is the initial temperature of the powder,
- Said adjusted power can be calculated as a function of the estimate of the temperature before consolidation Tp (t n ) as follows: in which Dt is a time step, Ts is a predetermined threshold temperature and t 0 is a predetermined instant. Scanning Speed and Time Step The path in the powder layer, comprising several points illuminated by the laser, can be scanned at a constant or variable scanning speed of the laser beam.
- the trajectories scanned by the laser corresponding to FIGS. 2 to 12 as presented above have been described on several occasions as trajectories scanned by the laser at a constant scanning speed of the laser beam.
- the adjustment of the power of the laser beam according to the estimates of temperature variation can be well implemented by using laser beam scanned paths of varying scanning speed.
- the scanning speed can be modulated to improve the temperature homogeneity.
- the trajectories scanned by the laser corresponding to FIGS. 2 to 12 as presented above have been repeatedly described as trajectories swept with a time step. constant for the whole trajectory.
- the adjustment of the scanning speed of the laser beam according to the estimates of temperature change can be well implemented using a variable time step.
- the time step Dt can be chosen to be variable during the trajectory.
- the time step can be chosen lower in situations where the successive adjusted powers differ by a relatively large difference, and greater in situations where the successive adjusted powers differ by a relatively small difference.
- the trajectory can be virtually cut into segments Sn of identical or different length therefore corresponding to identical or different laser scanning times.
- Each segment Sn is scanned by the laser spatially from a first end corresponding to the n-th point and temporally from the instant t n .
- Temperature target The threshold temperature Ts as it appears in the formula corresponds exactly to the temperature of the powder reached at the n-th point where the center of the laser spot passes at time tn.
- the threshold temperature Ts can therefore be chosen as a function of a temperature of the powder desired at a point where the center of the laser spot passes and when the laser passes. However, the threshold temperature Ts can be chosen as a function of other criteria.
- the threshold temperature Ts can in particular be chosen as a function of temperature objectives from the following conditions:
- the determination of the adjusted powers requires the determination of the estimates of temperature variations of the powder layer at the various points included in the trajectory.
- the determination of the estimates of temperature variations can be carried out before the start of the process, or after the manufacturing process has started.
- the estimation of the temperature variation of the powder layer at the nth point caused by the emission of the laser beam so as to consolidate an area of the powder layer is carried out after the manufacturing process started, it is necessary to have a computer or a simulator which processes the different points of the trajectory sufficiently quickly.
- the speed at which the different points are processed by the simulator must be greater than or at least equal to the speed the laser beam illuminates or scans these same points.
- the determination of the adjusted powers takes more time than the estimate is precise, that is to say that the number of points taken into account is large.
- the temporal neighborhood Vt represents the duration of the thermal effects of the sweeping of a path segment. Beyond this period, the effect on the temperature of the powder of the energy diffused into the environment of the scanned segment and provided during its scanning can be considered negligible.
- the spatial neighborhood Vl represents the maximum distance of the thermal effects of the sweeping of a path segment. Beyond this distance, the effect on the temperature of the powder of the energy diffused into the environment of the scanned segment and supplied during its scanning can be considered negligible.
- the negligible character requires defining a threshold difference in temperature Ds. The thermal effects of sweeping corresponding to temperature variations below this difference are considered negligible.
- the temporal neighborhood Vt and the spatial neighborhood Vl can be determined from the following method, illustrated in Figure 13:
- the parameters of the laser scanning process power of the laser beam and radius of the laser beam, scanning speed of the laser
- the simulator delivers an estimate of the temperature of the powder in a predefined spatial domain which includes the trajectory defined in the previous step.
- the temperature estimate delivered by the simulator corresponds to the temperature of the powder at a predefined instant located temporally at the end of the scanning of the entire trajectory by the laser after a time of thermalization of the powder.
- This estimate can be calculated from the elements that have already been defined previously such as the virtual division of the trajectory into segments and the sum of temperature variations at different points in the spatial domain due to the scanning of each segment by the laser.
- a map of the temperatures of the powder is obtained in the predefined spatial domain at the predefined instant.
- an isothermal curve corresponding to the sum the initial temperature of the powder T 0 and the threshold temperature difference Ds is determined within the temperature map obtained in the second step. This isothermal curve corresponds to an increase in temperature of the threshold temperature difference D s .
- the spatial neighborhood is determined as the maximum distance in the direction perpendicular to the line portion type trajectory between two points of the isothermal curve determined in the previous step.
- the temporal neighborhood is determined as the ratio to the scanning speed of the laser of the maximum distance in the direction of the straight portion type trajectory between two points of the isothermal curve determined in the third step.
- FIG. 14 represents the distances useful for determining the spatial neighborhood and the temporal neighborhood.
- the X axis shown in Figure 14 represents the direction of the right portion of the path defined in the first step of the previous method. The trajectory is swept in the direction of the increasing Xs.
- the Y axis represents the direction perpendicular to the line portion type trajectory.
- the closed curve 100 represents the isothermal curve defined during the third step of the preceding method.
- the spatial neighborhood corresponds to the length of segment 101.
- the maximum distance between two points of the isothermal curve determined in the third step in the direction of the straight portion type trajectory corresponds to the length of the segment 102.
- the ratio of the length of the segment 102 to the scanning speed allows the temporal neighborhood to be defined.
- the estimation of a temperature of the powder before consolidation Tp at an instant tn at an n-th point of the layer can be carried out by taking into account the variations in temperature of the powder due to the emission of d 'a laser beam so as to illuminate n-1 points of the powder layer, each i-th point, with is illuminated by the laser beam at the instant t i and is located at a distance rni from the n-th point of the powder layer, such as for each the following inequalities are respected:
- the selective additive manufacturing apparatus 121 shown in Fig. 1 and as previously shown includes the control unit 129 which can be configured to control the laser-like source 1212 so that the source emits a laser beam onto it. a first point of the additive manufacturing powder layer, so as to consolidate a first zone of the powder layer comprising the first point.
- the selective additive manufacturing apparatus 121 may include a memory M for storing an estimated temperature variation of the powder layer at a second point of the powder layer caused by the emission of the laser beam so as to consolidate the first zone of the powder layer, the estimated temperature variation being a function of the distance between the first point and the second point and of a predetermined time interval, the control unit 129 can be configured for:
- the selective additive manufacturing apparatus 121 may also include a calculator or a C simulator shown in Figure 1 to determine estimates of temperature changes once the manufacturing process has started.
- the computer or the simulator C is suitable for processing the various points of the trajectory sufficiently quickly, in particular the time during which the various points are processed by the computer or the simulator must be less than or at least equal to the time taken by the laser beam to illuminate or scan these same points at the preset speed.
- Such a calculator or simulator C can collaborate with the memory M so as to store the estimates of temperature variations once they have been produced.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1900754A FR3092020B1 (fr) | 2019-01-28 | 2019-01-28 | Fabrication additive par modulation de puissance laser |
| PCT/FR2020/050131 WO2020157427A1 (fr) | 2019-01-28 | 2020-01-28 | Fabrication additive par modulation de puissance laser |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3917704A1 true EP3917704A1 (fr) | 2021-12-08 |
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| EP20706576.4A Pending EP3917704A1 (fr) | 2019-01-28 | 2020-01-28 | Fabrication additive par modulation de puissance laser |
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| US (1) | US20220097140A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3917704A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7502309B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20210144673A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN113597351A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3092020B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020157427A1 (fr) |
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| CN112974845A (zh) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-18 | 江苏飞跃机泵集团有限公司 | 一种金属构件非连续式激光增材制造方法 |
| CN114643369B (zh) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-11-14 | 湖南华曙高科技股份有限公司 | 一种双激光复合系统及双激光扫描方法 |
| DE102022111214A1 (de) | 2022-05-05 | 2023-11-09 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Generierung von Bestrahlungs-Steuerdaten für eine Vorrichtung zur additiven Fertigung eines Bauteils |
| CN115329640B (zh) * | 2022-09-02 | 2025-06-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种基于假想温度均匀分布的熔石英元件co2激光抛光速度优化方法 |
| WO2025030305A1 (fr) * | 2023-08-07 | 2025-02-13 | 苏州奇流信息科技有限公司 | Procédé et système de prédiction de température pour impression 3d |
| CN118180411B (zh) * | 2024-05-16 | 2024-08-23 | 临沂大学 | 一种基于数据分析的智能增材制造流程控制方法及系统 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4863538A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1989-09-05 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
| DE4400523C2 (de) * | 1994-01-11 | 1996-07-11 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
| SE524467C2 (sv) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-08-10 | Arcam Ab | Anordning för framställande av en tredimensionell produkt, där anordningen innefattar ett hölje |
| EP2667987B1 (fr) * | 2011-01-28 | 2019-03-06 | Arcam Ab | Procédé de production d'un objet tridimensionnel |
| DE102013224693A1 (de) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Verfahren zur beschleunigten Herstellung von Objekten mittels generativer Fertigung |
| WO2016193742A1 (fr) * | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-08 | Renishaw Plc | Dispositif et procédé de génération et d'affichage de données se rapportant à un processus de fabrication additive |
| US11179807B2 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2021-11-23 | Nlight, Inc. | Fine-scale temporal control for laser material processing |
| CN108367389B (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2020-07-28 | 恩耐公司 | 激光加工方法和装置 |
| EP3223299A4 (fr) * | 2016-01-21 | 2018-04-18 | Technology Research Association for Future Additive Manufacturing | Dispositif de modélisation 3d, procédé de commande de dispositif de modélisation 3d et programme de commande de dispositif de modélisation 3d |
| JP6732502B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2020-07-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | 三次元造形方法、プログラム、記録媒体、及び三次元造形装置 |
| JP2017179575A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | 三次元造形装置、及び三次元造形方法 |
| CN106564187B (zh) * | 2016-11-10 | 2019-10-01 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | 一种制造三维物体的方法和设备 |
| US10589508B2 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2020-03-17 | General Electric Company | Additive manufacturing systems and methods |
| US20180311769A1 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | Divergent Technologies, Inc. | Multi-materials and print parameters for additive manufacturing |
| US11292062B2 (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2022-04-05 | Arcam Ab | Method and device for producing three-dimensional objects |
| DE102018127678B4 (de) * | 2017-11-07 | 2025-04-30 | Divergent Technologies, Inc. | Verfahren und Systeme zum Qualitätsrückschluss und zur Qualitätskontrolle bei additiven Herstellungsverfahren |
| CN109047761B (zh) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-12-31 | 西安科技大学 | 一种金属增材制造工艺 |
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- 2019-01-28 FR FR1900754A patent/FR3092020B1/fr active Active
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2020
- 2020-01-28 JP JP2021543482A patent/JP7502309B2/ja active Active
- 2020-01-28 US US17/426,220 patent/US20220097140A1/en active Pending
- 2020-01-28 KR KR1020217027496A patent/KR20210144673A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2020-01-28 CN CN202080017645.XA patent/CN113597351A/zh active Pending
- 2020-01-28 EP EP20706576.4A patent/EP3917704A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-01-28 WO PCT/FR2020/050131 patent/WO2020157427A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20220097140A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
| FR3092020B1 (fr) | 2021-01-08 |
| JP2022523494A (ja) | 2022-04-25 |
| CN113597351A (zh) | 2021-11-02 |
| FR3092020A1 (fr) | 2020-07-31 |
| WO2020157427A1 (fr) | 2020-08-06 |
| KR20210144673A (ko) | 2021-11-30 |
| JP7502309B2 (ja) | 2024-06-18 |
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