EP3912268A1 - Sensor - Google Patents
SensorInfo
- Publication number
- EP3912268A1 EP3912268A1 EP19828673.4A EP19828673A EP3912268A1 EP 3912268 A1 EP3912268 A1 EP 3912268A1 EP 19828673 A EP19828673 A EP 19828673A EP 3912268 A1 EP3912268 A1 EP 3912268A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- conductor
- signal
- propagation
- speed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a touch and gesture sensitive sensor.
- HMI human-machine interfaces
- the invention has for its object to provide a touch and gesture sensitive sensor that can detect and locate touches and gestures on or near complex shaped surfaces.
- a touch and gesture sensitive sensor with an electrical conductor for transmitting electrical signals, a signal source which applies an electrical signal to the conductor, a signal receiver which receives the electrical signal and a means for reducing the speed of propagation of the signal in the conductor , the sensor is set up to detect and localize a disturbance of the signal in the conductor.
- Gestures are human movements of parts of the body and serve between human communication, communication between a human and a machine or religious purposes. In principle, every posture and body movement can represent a gesture, e.g. Hand or head gestures. Gesture recognition is the automatic recognition of human-made gestures using a computing unit.
- Electrical signals can be pulses, voltage jumps, sweeps, or chirps
- the speed of propagation is the speed at which a wave or signal propagates.
- the speed of propagation is identical to the phase velocity, i.e. the speed at which a wave crest moves. In dispersive media (e.g. light in matter) this phase velocity depends on the frequency of the wave. If you consider a propagating disturbance, i.e. a wave packet, this is composed of many mono-chromatic waves with different frequencies.
- the speed at which such a wave packet travels as a whole, i.e. the speed of the envelope is the group speed.
- the shape of the wave packet can change for lossy propagation media or media with a non-linear dispersion relation.
- the group speed must therefore be distinguished from the front speed with which a wavefront spreads.
- the signal speed with which information or energy is transmitted is at most as high as the front speed.
- a reduction in the propagation speed is understood to mean that the propagation speed of a signal in the sensor is lower due to means for reducing the propagation speed than in a conductor which is not influenced by means for reducing the propagation speed.
- the permittivity e also called dielectric conductivity, indicates the permeability of a material for electric fields.
- the permittivity in a vacuum is given as e 0 .
- the permittivity of a substance is given as the product of the permittivity of the vacuum with the relative permittivity. Accordingly, the relative permittivity of a medium is the dimensionless ratio of its permittivity to the permittivity of the vacuum.
- the magnetic permeability m determines the ability of materials to adapt to a magnetic field or the magnetization of a material in an external magnetic field. It therefore determines the permeability of matter to magnetic fields.
- the permeability m is the ratio of the magnetic flux density to the magnetic field strength H.
- the magnetic field constant m 0 is a physical constant and indicates the magnetic permeability of the vacuum.
- the permeability number is the ratio of permeability to the magnetic field constant. This results in a permeability number of one for the vacuum.
- a resonator is a system capable of oscillation, the components of which are tuned to one or more specific frequencies (natural frequencies) in such a way that the resonator oscillates predominantly at these frequencies with broadband excitation.
- a runtime-based localization of a fault in a signal is understood to mean that the duration of the fault is used to determine the location at which the fault was caused.
- An artificial neural network (KNN, English artificial neural network - ANN) is in particular a network of networked artificial neurons simulated in a computer program.
- the artificial neurons are typically arranged on different layers.
- the artificial neural network comprises an input layer and an output layer, the neuron output of which is the only one of the artificial neural network that is visible. Between the input layer and the output layer Layers are typically referred to as hidden layers.
- an architecture or topology of an artificial neural network is initially initiated and then trained in a training phase for a specific task or for several tasks in a training phase.
- Pattern recognition is the ability to recognize regularities, repetitions, similarities or regularities in a lot of data.
- the basic idea of the invention is to detect approaches to a surface and / or touches of a surface of a user due to a fault in a signal-carrying conductor.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that approaches or touches of a signal-carrying conductor interfere with a signal transmitted in the conductor.
- This disturbance results from the change in the propagation properties (impedance) of a wave. It is given by the refractive index n of the propagation medium, which is defined as the ratio of the propagation speed for the medium c M relative to that in vacuum c 0 . It can also be expressed by the root of the product of relative permeability m G and relative permittivity e r :
- I H , IR and I T mean the intensities of the incoming, reflected and transmitted wave.
- the invention provides various continuous and discrete means for reducing the speed of propagation, which will be described in the following.
- the electrical conductor can be designed as a pair of conductors with an outgoing conductor and with a return conductor. Alternatively, it can be provided that only an electrical conductor is provided and a return conductor is formed by the environment.
- the means for reducing the speed of propagation has a permittive material with a relative permeability greater than 1, in particular greater than 8. Accordingly, it can be seen that the permittive material encases the electrical conductor. It goes without saying that the permittive material does not have to sheath the electrical conductor directly or directly, but that further intermediate layers are also provided. can be seen. In this sense, one also speaks of loading or coating the wire with the permittive material.
- Suitable permittive materials are, for example, alumina with a relative permittivity of 9, glycerol with a relative permittivity of 42.5, water with a relative permittivity of approximately 80, barium titanate with a relative permittivity of 10 3 to 10 4
- the means for reducing the speed of propagation has a permeable material with a permeability number greater than 1, in particular greater than 4. Accordingly, it can be seen that the permeable material encases the electrical conductor. It goes without saying that the permeable material does not have to sheath the electrical conductor directly or directly, but that further intermediate layers can also be provided. In this sense, one also speaks of loading or coating the wire with the permeable material.
- Suitable permeable materials are, for example, iron with a permeability number of 300-10,000, ferrites with a permeability number of 4-15,000 or mumetal with a permeability number of 700-500,000.
- the means for reducing the speed of propagation can have both a permittive and a permeable material. It is further understood that the means for reducing the speed of propagation can be made up of several parts or as a layer structure. With regard to possible combinations of permittive and permeable materials, reference is made to the drawings.
- the layering can be designed as a jacket that encases the electrical conductor.
- the layering can also form a core of the electrical conductor. Accordingly, it can be provided that the electrical conductor is designed as a waveguide or that the electrical conductor otherwise surrounds the stratification.
- a layering can be created, for example, by foaming.
- the conductor is arranged radially on the outside with respect to the permeable material. It can be provided that the electrical conductor is wound, braided or the like on the permeable material. It can be provided that the permeable material is a dielectric material, that is an electrically non-conductive material, or that a dielectric is provided between the permeable material and the electrical conductor. Accordingly, it can be provided that the electrical conductor is designed as a wire that wraps around the permeable material. Accordingly, the permeable material forms a core and the wire forms a coil. Alternatively, it can be provided that the electrical conductor is designed as a braid or fabric and envelops the permeable material.
- the permittive material envelops the conductor.
- the sheath can be designed, for example, as a tube or as a foam that is applied to the conductor.
- the permittive material electrically insulates the conductor from the permeable material, that is to say that the permittive material is designed as a dielectric intermediate layer between the conductor and the permeable material.
- the propagation speed reduction means described above continuously reduce the propagation speed by surrounding the conductor for a certain length.
- Propagation speed may be provided.
- the resonators are arranged in a series or parallel connection along the electrical conductor.
- Speed of propagation can also be combined with continuous means of reducing the speed of propagation.
- the senor is meandering and / or spiral, ie. H. the electrical conductor is meandering and / or spiral.
- the electrical conductor is meandering and / or spiral.
- a surface can be covered with any narrow or wide meanders or spirals of the conductor.
- a sensor can be applied to any surface in a contour-following manner.
- the fault is localized on the basis of runtime. Accordingly, a malfunction can be assigned to a position on the conductor at which the malfunction was caused on the basis of its duration.
- the fault is localized on the basis of statistical means, in particular on the basis of a neural network. If the neural network is adequately trained, it is also possible to localize overlying impurities without developing the signal of the overlying impurities.
- Superimposed impurities are a mathematical convolution of several faults.
- a superimposed interference signal can also be localized by unfolding the signal.
- the fault is localized by means of pattern recognition in the signal.
- an electrical signal can also be evaluated and stored similar to an image, by storing data about the signal in a matrix with row and / or column entries. In an image file, this corresponds to the data of a pixel.
- the matrix with the data for the signal can be evaluated by means of a pattern recognition. This means that faults can also be localized.
- Localize multiple touches or a combination of touches and approximations by the above-described means are suitable to localize superimposed interference signals.
- the sensor as described above is suitable for wetting surfaces of any shape contours.
- Figure 1 is a schematic sketch of the principle of operation of the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the
- Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the
- Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 8 is a diagram for signal propagation in a conductor according to a
- Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a detail view according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a detail view according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention. such as
- Figure 12 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows equipotential lines of intersection 1 through equipotential surfaces of a conductor 2 through which a signal flows, the signal not being disturbed in a first detailed view A of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 shows a second detailed view B, in which a human body part 4 approaches the conductor 2 through which the signal flows. Due to the approximation, the equipotential intersection lines 3 change due to equipotential areas compared to the detailed view A.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a sensor 20.
- the sensor 20 comprises a signal source (not shown), a coupling element, for example a directional coupler (not shown), a signal receiver (not shown), an evaluation unit (not shown) and an electrical conductor 21 and means for reducing the speed of propagation 22.
- the means for reducing the speed of propagation comprise a permeable material 23 and a permittive material 24.
- the means for reducing the speed of propagation 22 envelop the electrical conductor 21, the permeable material 23 being the electrical Conductor 21 immediately envelops and the permittive material 24 envelops the permeable material 23.
- the permeable material 23 is an electrically non-conductive material.
- the permeable material 23 may be electrically conductive if an electrical insulation is formed between the permeable material 23 and the electrical conductor.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a sensor 30.
- the sensor 30 comprises a signal source (not shown), a coupling element, for example a directional coupler (not shown), a signal receiver (not shown), an evaluation unit (not shown) and an electrical conductor 31 and means for reducing the speed of propagation 32.
- the electrical conductor 31 is designed as a wound wire.
- the means for reducing the speed of propagation comprise a permeable material 33 and a permitti ves material 34.
- the means for reducing the speed of propagation 32 surrounds the electrical conductor 31, the electrical conductor being wound around the permeable material 33 and the permittive material 34 den electrical conductor 31 envelops or encased.
- the permeable material 33 is an electrically non-conductive material.
- the permeable material 33 can be electrically conductive if electrical insulation is formed between the permeable material 33 and the electrical conductor.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a sensor 40.
- the sensor 40 comprises a signal source (not shown), a coupling element, for example a directional coupler (not shown), a signal receiver (not shown), an evaluation unit (not shown) and an electrical conductor 41 and means for reducing the speed of propagation 42.
- the electrical conductor 41 is designed as a wound wire.
- the means for reducing the rate of propagation comprise a permeable material 43 and a permittive material 44.
- the means for reducing the rate of propagation 42 surround the electrical conductor 41, the electrical conductor being wound around the permeable material 43 and the permittive material 44 is designed as electrical insulation between the electrical conductor 41 and the permeable material 43.
- the electrical conductor 41 is extrusion-coated with the permittive material 44 such that the permittive material 44 is also wrapped around the permeable material 43.
- FIGS. 5 and 6a, b each show a discrete implementation of a sensor 50 or 60 or 65 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the sensor 50 or the sensor 60 or the sensor 65 comprises a signal source (not shown), a coupling element, for example a directional coupler (not shown), a signal receiver (not shown), an evaluation unit (not shown) and an electrical conductor 51 or 61 and means for reducing the propagation speed 52 or 62.
- the discrete means for reducing the speed of propagation 52 comprise a plurality of parallel resonators 53 which are arranged along the electrical conductor 51.
- the resonators are formed by a capacitance 54 and by a coil 53, which form an oscillating circuit.
- the means for reducing the speed of propagation 62 comprise a plurality of series resonators which are arranged along the electrical conductor 61.
- the resonators are formed by a capacitance 64 and by a coil 63, which form an oscillating circuit.
- FIG. 6 b shows an alternative arrangement of the resonators, each with a coil 63 and a capacitance 62 along an electrical conductor 61.
- FIG. 7 shows an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of a sensor according to a continuous or discrete implementation according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a touch finger 72 is represented by a capacitance 73. Accordingly, a touch changes the capacitance of a conductor 71 in the area of the touch.
- the continuous or discrete means for reducing the speed of propagation can be represented in the equivalent circuit diagram by parallel resonators 74. It goes without saying that the equivalent circuit diagram can be further simplified.
- FIG. 8 shows a diagram for the propagation of a signal 80 in several time steps or for the group speed 86 in an electrical conductor which is touched by a human body part.
- a disturbance 81 of the signal 80 with a reflected portion or with a reflection 83 and with a transmitted portion or with a transmission 84.
- the disturbance 81 of the signal causes a phase inversion 82.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 each show an arrangement of an electrical conductor 90 of a sensor.
- the electrical conductor 90 is meandering.
- the electrical conductor 90 runs in a spiral.
- FIG. 11 shows a steering wheel 110, the surface of which is partially wetted by a sensor with an electrical conductor 90.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic illustration of the components of a sensor 120 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the sensor 120 comprises a signal source 121, a directional coupler 122, which couples the signal source 121 to an electrical conductor 123, two signal receivers 124 at each end of the electrical conductor 123, which are designed as AD converters, two evaluation units 125 at each end of the electrical conductor 123 and an electrical termination 126.
Landscapes
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019000232.6A DE102019000232A1 (de) | 2019-01-16 | 2019-01-16 | Sensor |
| PCT/EP2019/085542 WO2020148053A1 (de) | 2019-01-16 | 2019-12-17 | Sensor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3912268A1 true EP3912268A1 (de) | 2021-11-24 |
Family
ID=69056024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19828673.4A Withdrawn EP3912268A1 (de) | 2019-01-16 | 2019-12-17 | Sensor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3912268A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019000232A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020148053A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020204499A1 (de) | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-07 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Sensor und Verfahren |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5149918A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-09-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Touch sensitive overlay |
| DE102007041522B4 (de) * | 2007-06-19 | 2014-10-02 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Kapazitiver Positionssensor |
| DE102012210042B3 (de) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-09-05 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Lichtlaufzeitmessgerät mit einem Photomischdetektor (PMD-Empfänger) |
| DE102012021701A1 (de) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-04-30 | Digades Gmbh Digitales Und Analoges Schaltungsdesign | Sensorsystem zur Detektion der Annäherung von Personen oder Gegenständen, Verfahren zum Betreiben des Sensorsystems sowie dessen Verwendung |
| US20140132523A1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-15 | David Brent GUARD | Touch Sensing Based On Signal Reflections |
| DE102014016422A1 (de) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-12 | Trw Automotive Safety Systems Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erfassung einer Lenkradberührung |
-
2019
- 2019-01-16 DE DE102019000232.6A patent/DE102019000232A1/de active Pending
- 2019-12-17 WO PCT/EP2019/085542 patent/WO2020148053A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-17 EP EP19828673.4A patent/EP3912268A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020148053A1 (de) | 2020-07-23 |
| DE102019000232A1 (de) | 2020-07-16 |
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