EP3902903A1 - Système fluidique de production de vésicules extracellulaires comprenant un agent thérapeutique ou d'imagerie et procédé associé - Google Patents
Système fluidique de production de vésicules extracellulaires comprenant un agent thérapeutique ou d'imagerie et procédé associéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3902903A1 EP3902903A1 EP19850768.3A EP19850768A EP3902903A1 EP 3902903 A1 EP3902903 A1 EP 3902903A1 EP 19850768 A EP19850768 A EP 19850768A EP 3902903 A1 EP3902903 A1 EP 3902903A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- therapeutic
- liquid medium
- extracellular vesicles
- imaging agent
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/16—Microfluidic devices; Capillary tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
- C12M35/04—Mechanical means, e.g. sonic waves, stretching forces, pressure or shear stimuli
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/42—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of agitation speed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/10—Separation or concentration of fermentation products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to the production of extracellular vesicles and the loading of at least one therapeutic or imaging agent.
- the invention relates more precisely to a system for loading extracellular vesicles from producer cells and from a therapeutic or imaging agent, a method for loading a therapeutic or imaging agent and recovery of such vesicles and vesicles produced by such a system, the extracellular vesicles may for example be of interest as vectors for the delivery of therapeutic or imaging agents, as an alternative to cell therapy and in regenerative medicine.
- Extracellular vesicles are known to release extracellular vesicles into their environment, for example, in vivo, into the biological fluids of an organism. Extracellular vesicles have been identified as effective means of delivering drugs, in a personalized or targeted manner, into the human body. First, they have native biocompatibility and immune tolerance. They can also internalize theranostic nanoparticles, making it possible both to image certain parts of the body and to deliver active principles having therapeutic functions. Extracellular vesicles also have a function of intercellular communication: they allow, for example, to transport lipids, membrane and cytoplasmic proteins and / or nucleotides of the cell cytoplasm, such as non-coding mRNA, microRNA or long RNA , between different cells.
- Extracellular vesicles also have a function of intercellular communication: they allow, for example, to transport lipids, membrane and cytoplasmic proteins and / or nucleotides of the cell cytoplasm, such as non-coding mRNA, micro
- extracellular vesicles can make it possible to solve known problems during the therapeutic use of cells, such as cell replication, differentiation, vascular occlusions, the risks of rejection and the difficulties of storage and freezing.
- functionalized cell vesicles that is to say charged with a compound of interest
- EVs extra cellular vesicles
- biological tolerance are now considered to be benefits in delivering biologically active macromolecules, while protecting them from enzymes circulating in body fluids.
- the two main challenges for therapeutic use are (i) the generation of EVs in sufficient quantity for clinical use and (ii) the loading efficiency of biologically active compounds of interest.
- the electroporation method is the method that can be used for charging EVs after production.
- This method was used to load various compounds into EVs such as siRNA (Shtam et al., 2013) DNA (Lamihhane et al., 2015) and doxorubicin (Tian et al., 2014).
- siRNA Shtam et al., 2013
- DNA Lihhane et al., 2015
- doxorubicin Tian et al., 2014
- International application WO 2004/083379 also describes a method of charging an exogenous agent in extracellular vesicles comprising the application of an electric charge.
- Another method for obtaining functionalized EVs (that is to say vesicles charged with a compound of interest) consists in destroying the EVs in order to functionalize them (Haney et al., 2015). This method is easy to implement, but does not preserve the bladder structure, which causes the loss of asymmetry of the membrane and of the proteins with a poor rearrangement of the membrane proteins.
- Smyth et al. disclose a method of loading EVs by chemistry-click. This method consists in charging the membrane proteins of the EVs with a specific functional group in order to fix to these proteins the compound of interest. However, this method does not charge the lumen of the vesicles.
- An object of the invention is to provide a solution for loading therapeutic and / or imaging agents into the membrane or into the lumen of the extracellular vesicles and thus functionalize extracellular vesicles in large quantities from producer cells, more quickly and More effectively than with known methods, under conditions conforming to GMP standards.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a solution making it possible to increase the yield of the system for loading therapeutic and / or imaging agent in vesicles, that is to say the ratio between the number of vesicles loaded with therapeutic and / or imaging agent and the number of uncharged vesicles.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a solution for loading, producing and recovering extracellular vesicles loaded with therapeutic agent and / or imaging continuously or discontinuously.
- another object of the invention is to simplify the structure of the fluidic system for loading and producing vesicles loaded with therapeutic and / or imaging agent and to reduce its manufacturing cost.
- the invention provides a solution for loading the extracellular vesicles produced by the fluidic system with a therapeutic agent and / or imaging agent.
- an object of the invention is a fluid system for loading a therapeutic and / or imaging agent into the membrane or into the lumen of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) from producer cells, comprising at least one container. , a liquid medium contained in the container, producer cells, a liquid medium agitator suitable for the growth of producer cells, characterized in that it also comprises means for controlling the speed of the agitator, the agitator, and the dimensions of the container being adapted to generate a turbulent flow of the liquid medium in the container to exert shear stresses on the producing cells in order to achieve loading a therapeutic and / or imaging agent into the membrane or into the lumen of the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced simultaneously by the fluidic system.
- the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, and preferably less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m; more preferably less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m;
- the fluidic system comprises an outlet and a connector connected to the outlet, the connector being capable of comprising liquid medium and extracellular vesicles;
- the fluidic system includes microcarriers on which will attach adherent producer cells;
- the agitator is preferably a rotary agitator whose rotation speed (s), shape, size are adapted, with the shape and dimensions of the container, to the generation of a turbulent flow of the liquid medium in the container;
- the microcarriers are microbeads, the diameter of the microbeads being between 100 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m;
- the fluid system includes a separator of extracellular vesicles, fluidly connected to the container so as to be capable of reintroducing into the container a liquid medium depleted in extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the fluid system can include a closure means upstream of the separator making it possible to close or open the connectors and thus obtain a continuous or discontinuous vesicle recovery system.
- Another object of the invention is a method of loading a therapeutic and / or imaging agent into the membrane or into the lumen of the extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells, comprising:
- the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than 100 pm, preferably less than or equal to 70 pm, more preferably less than or equal to 60 pm in a container, the container comprising an outlet, the liquid medium comprising the therapeutic and / or imaging agent, producer cells, and
- the agitator is controlled to cause a flow of the constant, intermittent liquid medium, of increasing or decreasing intensity, the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m, more preferably less than or equal to 60 pm; - A separator which makes it possible to deplete part of the liquid medium collected at the outlet of the container in extracellular vesicles, and the liquid thus depleted being reintroduced part of the liquid medium in the container.
- an ultracentrifugation or tangential filtration step is carried out after collection to separate the vesicles, the producing cells and the therapeutic and / or imaging agents in the liquid medium.
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) at the outlet of the container comprise a mixture of extracellular vesicles loaded with a therapeutic and / or imaging agent or uncharged extracellular vesicles.
- the flow makes it possible to simultaneously load the therapeutic agent and produce the extracellular vesicles (EV) in a container.
- EV extracellular vesicles
- an object of the invention is a method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent directly using a suspension of previously produced extracellular vesicles.
- An object of the invention is therefore a method of loading into the membrane or into the lumen of extracellular vesicles (EV), comprising:
- Another subject of the invention is a process for loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent into the membrane or into the cytoplasm of producer cells, comprising:
- the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m, more preferably less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m in a container, the container comprising an outlet , the liquid medium comprising the therapeutic and / or imaging agent, producer cells, and
- the agitator is controlled to cause a flow of the constant, intermittent liquid medium, of increasing or decreasing intensity, the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m, more preferably less than or equal to 60 pm.
- the system or the methods of the invention make it possible to obtain vesicles and / or producer cells charged with at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent at particularly higher concentrations (the increases measured vary from 39% to 592%) compared to vesicles and / or cells charged / passively produced.
- said producing cells and extracellular vesicles are of very particular interest and therefore constitute an object of the present invention.
- the vesicles of the invention are more particularly of interest as a vector for at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent. These uses also constitute an object of the invention.
- vesicles loaded according to the methods of the invention exhibit improved pharmacodynamic and therapeutic properties compared to liposomal formulations, as the data relating to temoporfin show.
- a particular object of the invention is the method according to the invention in any of its embodiments, an extracellular vesicle, producer cell obtained according to this method for which said therapeutic agent is selected from temoporfine, amphotericin B, daunorubicin, irinotecan, vincristine, cytarabine.
- extracellular vesicle generally designates a vesicle released endogenously by a producer cell, the diameter of which is between 30 nm and 5000 nm.
- An extracellular vesicle corresponds in particular to an exosome and / or a microvesicle and / or a cellular apoptotic body. It is known in the art that the extracellular vesicles contain the membrane and / or cytoplasmic markers originating from the producer cells. These markers allow on the one hand to identify and characterize these vesicles and are the guarantors of their functionality.
- the vesicles according to the invention are more effective than liposomes for example, and allow an improvement in the pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics (PK / PD) of the molecules which they vectorize.
- the term producer cell generally independently designates either a cell which is not adherent to a medium, or a cell adherent to a medium and which can divide and multiply.
- the term producer cells denotes cells of human, animal or plant origin or coming from bacteria or other microorganisms capable of secreting extracellular vesicles. In the case of adherent cells, these can be adherent to microcarriers themselves suspended in the liquid culture medium.
- the term producer cells denotes cell aggregates.
- the term cellular aggregates designates an assembly of several producer cells which adhere firmly to one another. A gentle mixture created by the agitator allows the producing cells, adherent or not, to remain in suspension in the liquid culture medium.
- microcarrier and microsupport designate a spherical matrix allowing the growth of producer cells adherent to its surface or inside and whose size is between 50 pm and 500 pm, and preferably between 100 pm and 300 pm.
- the microcarriers are generally beads whose density is chosen to be substantially close to that of the liquid culture medium of the producer cells. Thus, a gentle mixture allows the beads to remain in suspension in the liquid culture medium.
- therapeutic agent or imaging agent generally designates any agent of interest which can be charged, inserted into the extracellular vesicles. These agents can be therapeutic, imaging molecules, nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes, imaging, etc. As the experimental data show, the invention is capable of allowing improved loading of a large variety of sizes of therapeutic or imaging agent, such as small molecules, polymers, proteins, etc. regardless of the type of producer cell.
- the vesicles according to the invention can be used for any kind of therapy; for example, and in a nonlimiting manner, it can be the therapy of infectious, inflammatory, immunological, metabolic, cancerous, genetic, degenerative or secondary diseases to surgeries or traumas.
- the vectorization of molecules of low bioavailability is particularly preferred.
- imaging agents and / or tracers can be loaded into the extracellular vesicles according to the invention, for example, and in a nonlimiting manner, fluorescent, luminescent agents, radioactive isotopes, contrast agents with magnetic, plasmonic, acoustic or radio opaque properties. It may also be proteins or other biological or synthetic molecules coupled to these agents including targeting agents in order to change the biodistribution of the vesicles.
- agitator very generally designates a means of agitating the liquid. It can be a mechanical part at least partially in contact with part of the liquid and which makes it possible to set this liquid in motion. This is for example the case with a rotary agitator.
- a shake-flask type reactor uses a shaking movement to induce movement of the liquid and its mixture; an air-lift reactor uses the injection of gas bubbles into the liquid to produce movement of the liquid and its mixture.
- reactor configurations which may take advantage of the use of a flexible enclosure to contain the liquid, associated with a deformation of the enclosure. flexible to produce liquid movement and mixing.
- a mixing movement can be obtained by means of a cyclic variation of inclination of the reactor with respect to gravity, so as to create waves in the liquid, and promote flow and mixing.
- static structures present in the reactor for example baffles, or structures forming partial barriers to the movement of the liquid, such as those used in a static mixer, can naturally also be used.
- agitator must be understood in an extremely general sense, which is that of a means or a combination of any means allowing to generate the combination of a flow, of the mixture of the medium, and the generation of turbulence in a liquid media.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a fluidic system for loading an agent therapeutic and / or imaging in the membrane or in the lumen of extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension;
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a fluidic system for loading a therapeutic and / or imaging agent into the membrane or into the lumen of extracellular vesicles from adherent producer cells and comprising microcarriers;
- FIGS. 3A, 3B respectively illustrate the size distribution of the EVs obtained by NTA, the morphological analysis by cryo-TEM;
- Figure 4 illustrates the fluorimetric analysis of vesicles loaded with mTHPC.
- Figure 5 illustrates the biodistribution of a liposomal formulation of the commercial mTHPC (Foslip ®, A and B) and vesicles with mTHPC (C and D) studied as a function of the intensity of fluorescence in selected tissues according long after intravenous injection (0.3 mg / kg of the agent of interest) in mice carrying HT29 tumors.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the biodistribution of the loaded vesicles according to the invention with mTHPC (A and B) studied as a function of the intensity of the fluorescence in tissues selected as a function of the time after intravenous injection (0.3 mg / kg of l agent of interest) in mice carrying HT29 tumors.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the plasma concentration of mTHPC expressed as a function of time after the intravenous injection of the liposomal formulation of mTHPC or of mTHPC-EV (0.3 mg / kg of mTHPC) in mice carrying HT29 tumors.
- Figure 8 illustrates Kaplan-Meier diagrams of HT29 tumor growth retardation after treatment with free mTHPC; the liposomal formulation of mTHPC (Liposome mTHPC) and mTHPC vesicles with laser activation of the drug (photodynamic therapy), compared to the same groups without laser activation (control, dotted lines).
- FIG. 9 illustrates the impact of the Kolmogorov length on the doxorubicin loading of the HUVECs (cellular doxorubicin concentration).
- FIG. 10 illustrates the impact of the Kolmogorov length on the doxorubicin loading of the HUVEC extracellular vesicles (doxorubicin concentration for 10 6 vesicles).
- FIG. 11 illustrates the impact of the Kolmogorov length on the number of extracellular vesicles of HUVEC formed, measured in NTA (gray bars) or in an arbitrary luciferase luminescence unit. A comparable number of vesicles is obtained for an L k of 48 pm, whether in the absence or in the presence of the cargo ship (FITC-dextran 70kDa).
- Figure 12 illustrates the impact of the Kolmogorov length on the FITC-dextran 70kDa loading of HUVEC extracellular vesicles measured by the fluorescence of FITC (arbitrary units) contained in the vesicles.
- the Kolmogorov length (or Kolmogorov dimension or Adeddy length) is the length from which the viscosity of a fluid makes it possible to dissipate the kinetic energy of a flow of this fluid.
- the Kolmogorov length corresponds to the size of the smallest vortices in a turbulent flow.
- This length L k is calculated in the publication by Kolmogorov (Kolmogorov, AN, 1941, January, The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers, In Dokl. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 301-305) and described by the following formula (I):
- L k n 3/4. e - 1/4 (I) wherein is the kinematic viscosity of the liquid flowing medium and e is the average rate of energy dissipation in the fluid per unit mass (or energy injection rate in the fluid) .
- N p is the dimensionless power number (or Newton number) of the agitator in the liquid medium
- D is the diameter of the agitator (in meters)
- N is the speed of rotation (in number of revolutions per second)
- V is the volume of liquid medium (in cubic meters).
- the skilled person with his general knowledge and with alternative calculation methods can calculate the Kolmogorov length based on an average rate of energy dissipation per unit volume.
- the calculation presented above is only one way among many known to those skilled in the art to calculate the length by Kolmogorov and illustrates an embodiment of the invention without limiting its scope.
- the skilled person will be able to apply the N p supplied by the supplier of the agitator and thus determine how to obtain a desired L k .
- Figures 1 and 2 schematically illustrate a fluidic system (1) for loading extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the fluidic system (1) for loading extracellular vesicles (EV) aims at producing a large quantity of extracellular vesicles (EV) loaded in a container (4).
- the invention is not limited to this embodiment and may include a series of containers (4) fluidly connected in parallel or in series.
- the container (4) contains a liquid medium (5).
- the container (4) can in particular be a tank, a flange, for example made of glass or plastic, or any other container adapted to contain a liquid medium (5).
- the volume of the container (4) is one of the factors making it possible to produce extracellular vesicles (EV) in large quantities: this volume can be between 50 mL and 500 L, preferably between 100 mL and 100 L, and preferably between 300 mL and 40 L.
- the volume of the container (4) illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 or 2 is 1 L. In the nonlimiting example of the embodiment presented in FIG.
- the liquid medium (5) can be extracted from the container (4) by a first pump (16), via a connector (13), so as to transport the liquid medium (5) in a collector (19).
- Another pump (16 ') allows the liquid medium (5) contained in the collector (19) to be conveyed to the inlet (10) of the separator (15), via another connector.
- the first outlet (11) of the separator (15) is connected to the container (4) via a connector, so as to reintroduce liquid medium 5 depleted in extracellular vesicles (EV) in the container (4).
- the second outlet (12) of the separator (15) is connected to the collector (19) via a connector, so as to enrich the liquid medium (5) contained in the collector (19) in extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the inlet (10) of the separator (15) can be directly connected to the outlet (9) of the container (4) (or via a first pump (16)).
- the first outlet (11) of the separator (15) is connected to the container (4) and the second outlet (12) of the separator (15) is connected to the collector (19).
- separators can also be arranged in series to vary the degree of separation into extracellular vesicles EV in the liquid medium 5, and / or in parallel to adapt the flow of liquid medium 5 in each separator 15 to the flow of a first pump 16
- a filter (18) can be arranged at the outlet (9) so as to filter the producer cells (6) and the cellular debris during the extraction of extracellular EV vesicles from the container (4).
- the container (4) typically comprises one or more gaseous inlets and one or more gaseous outlets, through which an atmosphere comprising air, N2, O2 and CO2 concentrations suitable for cell culture, for example comprising 5%, can flow. of CO2.
- This atmosphere can come from a suitable gas injector / mixer or from an oven with controlled CO2 atmosphere.
- a pump (17) controls this gas flow in the container (4).
- the container (4) also includes an outlet (9) capable of comprising liquid medium (5) and extracellular vesicles (EV). This outlet can be completed with a means of separation and / or filtration of the cells in suspension making it possible not to recover cells in suspension outside the container (4). This outlet (9) makes it possible to extract from the container (4) the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced.
- the container (4) can also include at least one inlet (8) adapted to introduce the liquid medium (5) into the container (4).
- the liquid medium (5) can generally be a saline solution, for example isotonic.
- the liquid medium 5 is either a liquid culture medium with the addition of compounds allowing the culture of the cells of interest, or a medium supplemented with serum or platelet lysate previously purified from the extracellular vesicles or a medium without serum, making it possible not to contaminate the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced by fluid system 1 by proteins or other vesicles from a serum.
- a liquid medium (5) of DMEM type without serum can be used.
- the maximum volume of liquid medium (5) is partly determined by the container (4).
- This maximum volume can also be between 50 mL and 500 L, preferably between 100 mL and 100 L, and more preferably between 300 mL and 40 L.
- the minimum volume of liquid medium (5) contained by the container (4) is part determined by the choice of the agitator (7) allowing the liquid medium (5) to be agitated.
- the fluidic system (1) can comprise, according to a particular embodiment of the microcarriers (3) suspended in the liquid medium (5).
- Microcarriers are particularly advantageous when the producer cells (6) are adherent cells.
- the microcarriers (3) can be microbeads (14), for example made of Dextran, each microbead (14) being able to be covered with a layer of collagen or other material necessary for the culture of cells.
- Other materials can be used for the manufacture of microcarriers (3), such as glass, polystyrene, polyacrylamide, collagen and / or alginate.
- all of the microcarriers (3) adapted for cell culture are adapted to the production of extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the density of the microcarriers (3) may for example be slightly higher than that of the liquid medium (5).
- the density of the microbeads (14) in Dextran is for example 1.04. This density allows the microbeads (14) to be suspended in the liquid medium (5) by slightly agitating the liquid medium (5), the drag of each microcarrier (3) in the liquid medium (5) being dependent on the density of the microcarrier (3).
- the maximum size of microcarriers (3) can be between 50 pm and 500 pm, preferably between 100 pm and 300 pm, and preferably between 130 pm and 210 pm.
- the microcarriers (3) can for example be microbeads (14) of Cytodex 1 type (registered trademark).
- a powder formed by these microbeads (14) can be rehydrated and sterilized before use. They can be rehydrated in PBS, then transferred to a culture medium (for example DMEM) without serum, in which the microbeads are stored at 4 ° C. before use.
- a culture medium for example DMEM
- the fluid system (1) also includes producer cells (6).
- the producing cells (6) can be, according to one embodiment, cells adhering to the microcarriers (3) or according to another embodiment of the cells in suspension.
- the EV extracellular vesicles are loaded and produced by the fluidic system (1) from these producer cells (6) (adherent or in suspension).
- the producer cells (6) can be cultured, before loading and producing extracellular vesicles (EV) loaded by the fluid system (1), on the surface of the microcarriers (3) in a suitable cell culture medium or in suspension in a cell culture medium suitable for cells in suspension.
- EV extracellular vesicles
- the majority of producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3), even if a minority proportion of producer cells (6) can be detached, for example by agitation of the liquid medium ( 5).
- the other producing cells are then and suspended in the liquid medium (5) or sedimented at the bottom of the container (4).
- at least 50% of the producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3), preferably at least 60% of the producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3), preferably at least 70% of the producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3) , preferably at least 80% of the producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3), preferably at least 85% of the producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3), preferably to the at least 90% of the producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3), preferably at least 95% of the producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3), preferably at least 96% of the producer cells (6) are adherent to the surface of the microcarriers (3), preferably at least 97%
- less than 50% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension preferably less than 40% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 30% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 20% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 15% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 10% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 5% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 4% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 3% of the producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 2% producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably less than 1% of producer cells (6) are in suspension, preferably producer cells (6) are not in suspension.
- the fluidic system (1) is adapted so as to generate gentle agitation making it possible to homogenize the producer cells 6 in the medium.
- liquid (5) within the container (4) In general, any type of producer cell (6) can be used, including non-adherent producer cells.
- the producing cells in suspension are then suspended in the liquid medium (5) or sedimented at the bottom of the container (4).
- the container (4) also includes an agitator (7) for agitating the liquid medium (5).
- the agitator (7) can be a blade such as a paddle wheel, the blades of which are at least partly immersed in the liquid medium (5), and set in motion by a transmission of magnetic or mechanical forces.
- the agitator (7) can also be a liquid medium infusion system (5) at a rate sufficient to agitate the liquid medium (5) contained by the container, or a system with rotating walls (for example arranged on rollers) .
- the agitator (7) can alternatively be of the bottle roller or bottle roller type, orbital agitator for Erlenmeyers, with or without baffles (shaken flask), rocker agitator (wave), bioreactor with pneumatic agitation (air lift) or a rotary paddle agitator such as a marine propeller type agitator, Rushton turbine, stirring anchors, barrier agitator, helical ribbon propeller.
- a preferred rotary agitator is a turbine with vertical blades.
- static structures can be present in the container (4), for example baffles, or structures forming partial barriers to liquid movement, such as those used in a static mixer, can naturally also be used.
- the agitator (7) and the dimensions of the container (4) are adapted to control a turbulent flow of the liquid medium (5) in the container (4).
- the person skilled in the art by his general knowledge knows how to calculate the length of Kolmogorov L k adapted for each type of agitator (7) as a function of the dimensions of the container (4), the geometry of the agitator (7) and the intensity of the agitation.
- turbulent flow is meant a flow whose Reynolds Re number is greater than 2000.
- the number of Reynolds can for example be calculated by formula (IV).
- the Reynolds Re number of the flow of liquid medium (5) is greater than 7,000, preferably over 10,000 and preferably over 12,000.
- agitators (7) for controlling a turbulent flow according to the present invention are agitators well known to those skilled in the art and capable of being implanted in the system according to the present invention.
- the agitator (7) used in the exemplary embodiments of the invention comprises a blade such as a paddle wheel arranged in a container 4 and set in motion by a magnetic force transmission system.
- the speed of the blade in the liquid medium (5) causes the liquid medium (5) to flow.
- the agitator is adapted to control a flow, which, taking into account the dimensions of the container (4), is turbulent. In the case of the agitator (7) illustrated in FIG.
- the agitator (7) is adapted to control a flow in which the length L k is less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 80 ⁇ m. Even more preferably, the agitator 7 is adapted to control a flow in which the length L k is less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m and very preferably less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m. So particularly preferred, the flow has an L k less than or equal to 55 ⁇ m, also preferably less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m.
- the speed of rotation of the agitator (7) is capable of being controlled at 100 rpm (rotations per minute), the diameter of a blade such as, for example, a paddle wheel is 10.8 cm and the volume of liquid medium contained by the container (4) is 400 mL.
- the number of NP power measured from the blade in the liquid medium 5, by formula (III), is substantially equal to 3.2.
- the energy dissipated per unit of mass e, calculated, by formula (II), is equal to 5.44.10 1 J. kg -1 .
- the Kolmogorov length L k calculated by formula (I) is thus equal to 41.8 ⁇ m.
- the container (4) can be for single use or sterilized before any introduction of liquid medium (5), microcarriers (3), producer cells (6) and the therapeutic agent or imaging agent.
- the microcarriers (3) in this case microbeads (14), are also sterilized.
- the microbeads (14) are incubated in the culture medium of the producer cells (6), comprising serum, in the container (4). This incubation makes it possible to oxygenate the culture medium and to cover the surface of the microbeads (14) with an at least partial layer of proteins, promoting the adhesion of the producer cells (6) to the surface of the microbeads (14). .
- the producing cells (6) before being introduced into the fluidic system (1), are suspended by means of a medium comprising trypsin. They can then be centrifuged at 300 ⁇ for five minutes to be concentrated in the pellet of a tube, so as to replace the medium comprising trypsin with a DMEM medium.
- the producer cells (6) are then introduced into the container (4), comprising culture medium and the microbeads (14), in an amount corresponding substantially to 5 to 20 producer cells (6) by microbead (14).
- the producer cells (6) and the microbeads (14) are then agitated and then sedimented, so as to bring the microbeads (14) into contact with the producer cells (6), and promote the adhesion of the producer cells (6) to the surface of the microbeads (14). Agitation can resume periodically, so as to promote the homogeneity of the adhesion of the producer cells (6) to the surface of the microbeads (14), for example every 45 minutes for 5 to 24 hours.
- the culture of the producer cells is then carried out with gentle agitation of the culture medium (for example the rotation of a blade such as a paddle wheel at a speed of 20 rpm), as well as a regular replacement of the culture medium. (for example a replacement of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40% of the culture medium each day).
- the fluidic system (1) for the loading and production of extracellular vesicles (EV) aims at the production in large quantity of extracellular vesicles (EV) in a container (4).
- the invention is not limited to this embodiment and also makes it possible to load a large quantity of therapeutic and / or imaging agents into the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced according to the invention.
- the producer cells (6) and the therapeutic or imaging agent are simultaneously suspended in the liquid medium (5) and mixed in the container (4).
- the producer cells (6) can be added sequentially to the liquid medium (5), that is to say before or after the addition of the therapeutic agents and / or imaging agents to the said liquid medium (5) .
- any type of therapeutic and / or imaging agent can be used, the therapeutic agents possibly being in particular molecules or particles for treating infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, degenerative diseases, diseases traumatic, post-surgical diseases, genetic diseases, malignant tumors, orphan diseases, diseases of the vascular system, diseases of the lymphatic system, diseases of the locomotor system, diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the nervous system, diseases of the reproductive system, diseases of the excretory system and / or agents (molecules or particles ) nuclear, magnetic, optical and acoustic imaging.
- the container (4) also comprises an agitator (7) as described above and making it possible to agitate the liquid medium (5) comprising the producing cells in suspension (6) and the therapeutic or imaging agent.
- the fluid system (1) is adapted so as to generate a sufficiently gentle stirring to homogenize the medium without damaging the producing cells but sufficient to induce shear stresses allowing in the liquid medium (5) within the container
- the invention is also a process for the ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles from producer cells (6), comprising:
- a centrifugation the speed of which is adapted to separate the extracellular vesicles on the one hand and the producer cells and / or the producer cells adhering to the microcarriers on the other hand is applied.
- the Kolmogorov length of the flow is less than or equal to 80 ⁇ m, or even less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m and, preferably, less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m. In a particularly preferred mode, said Kolmogorov length is less than or equal to 55 ⁇ m. In a mode also preferred, said Kolmogorov length is less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m.
- the method according to the invention comprises a step of loading a therapeutic and / or imaging agent.
- this step can also be implemented before the step of producing extracellular vesicles.
- the vesicle producing cells are therefore loaded into their membrane and / or their cytoplasm with a therapeutic and / or imaging agent of interest prior to the implementation of the process for producing extracellular vesicles.
- the loading takes place either by methods known in the art, such as for example passive loading, or, preferably, according to the method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent in the membrane or in the cytoplasm of producer cells (6), comprising:
- a speed control of an agitator (7) causing a turbulent flow of a liquid medium (5) in a container (4) to exert shear stresses on the producer cells (6) in order to carry out the loading of a therapeutic and / or imaging agent in the membrane or in the cytoplasm of producer cells (6), the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, in a container (4), the container comprising a outlet (9), the middle liquid (5) comprising the therapeutic and / or imaging agent, producer cells (6), and
- the Kolmogorov length of the flow is less than or equal to 80 ⁇ m, or even less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m and, preferably, less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m.
- L k is less than or equal to 55 ⁇ m.
- L k is less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m.
- the loading step can be implemented after the step of producing extracellular vesicles.
- This embodiment may be of interest in cases where it is desired to obtain a 1 st generation uncharged vesicles followed by a 2 nd production of extracellular loaded vesicles of said therapeutic agent and / or imaging, and in as part of the establishment of a fluidic system with a collection of the liquid medium (5) continuously.
- the vesicles are loaded by being subjected to shear stresses by controlling the speed of an agitator (7) causing a turbulent flow of a liquid medium (5) in the container (4) in which are the extracellular vesicles in order to effect the loading, into the lumen or the membrane of the extracellular vesicles (EV), of a therapeutic and / or imaging agent also contained in the liquid medium (5), the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than 100 ⁇ m in a container (4).
- the Kolmogorov length of the flow is less than or equal to 80 ⁇ m, or even less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m and, so preferred, less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m.
- L k is less than or equal to 55 ⁇ m.
- L k is less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m.
- the flow which allows the producer cells (6) to produce extracellular vesicles also makes it possible to simultaneously load the therapeutic or imaging agent into the producer cells (6) and by Consequently, producing said extracellular vesicles (EV) in a container (4) loaded with the therapeutic and / or imaging agent.
- the step of loading said therapeutic and / or imaging agent is simultaneous with the step of producing extracellular vesicles.
- An object of the invention is therefore also the method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent into the membrane and / or into the cytoplasm of producer cells (6) and / or into the membrane or the lumen extracellular vesicles of said cells, comprising:
- a speed control of an agitator (7) causing a turbulent flow of a liquid medium (5) in a container (4) to exert shear stresses on the producing cells (6) and the extracellular vesicles in order to produce loading of a therapeutic and / or imaging agent in the membrane or in the cytoplasm of the producer cells (6) and the lumen and / or the membrane of the vesicles of said cells, the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, in a container (4), the container comprising an outlet (9), the liquid medium (5) comprising the therapeutic and / or imaging agent, producer cells (6), and
- the Kolmogorov length of the flow is less than or equal to 80 ⁇ m, or even less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m and, preferably, less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m.
- L k is less than or equal to 55 ⁇ m.
- L k is less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m.
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) at the outlet (9) of the container (4) comprise a mixture of extracellular vesicles loaded with a therapeutic and / or imaging agent and extracellular vesicles not loaded with a therapeutic agent and / or d 'imagery.
- Extracellular vesicles are produced in a container (4) containing a liquid medium (5), for example without serum, producer cells (6).
- the stirring of the liquid medium (5) is then controlled by the stirrer (7) so as to cause a turbulent flow in the container (4).
- the agitation is preferably adjusted so as to control a flow of the liquid medium (5) in which the Kolmogorov length L k is less than 100 ⁇ m and preferably less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m.
- the stirring of the liquid medium (5) is controlled at least for 20 minutes, preferably for more than an hour, and preferably for more than two hours. According to a particular aspect, the agitation lasts two hours.
- the loading and production of charged extracellular vesicles (EV) cannot be measured during production. To this end, the agitation can be temporarily interrupted.
- the producing cells 6 are allowed to sediment and / or centrifuged at the bottom of the container (4), then a sample of liquid medium 5 comprising extracellular vesicles is taken. (EV). Centrifugation of the sample is carried out at 2000 g for 10 minutes, so as to remove cellular debris.
- the supernatant is analyzed by an individual particle tracking method (or NTA, acronym for Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis) so as to count the number of extracellular vesicles (EV) and to deduce the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) in the samples. . It can be checked that the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) at the start of agitation is close to zero or negligible.
- NTA acronym for Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced can also be observed and / or counted by cryo-transmission electron microscopy.
- a drop of 2.7 ⁇ L of solution comprising EV extracellular vesicles is deposited on a grid suitable for cryo-microscopy, then immersed in liquid ethane, causing said drop to be almost instantaneous, avoiding the formation of ice crystals.
- the grid supporting the extracellular vesicles (EV) is introduced into the microscope and the extracellular vesicles (EV) are observed at a temperature of the order of -170 ° C.
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) loaded and produced in the container 4 can be extracted from the container (4) by the outlet (9) of the container (4), suspended in liquid medium (5).
- a filter (18) can be arranged at the outlet (9) so as to filter the producer cells 6 and the cellular debris during the extraction of EV extracellular vesicles from the container (4).
- a connector (13) is fluidly connected to the outlet (9), allowing the transport of the liquid medium (5) comprising the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced.
- the fluid system (1) may further include a separator (15) of extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the separator (15) comprises an inlet to the separator (10), in which the liquid medium (5) comprising extracellular vesicles (EV) from the container (4) can be routed directly or indirectly.
- the separator (15) may also include a first outlet (11) from the separator, through which the liquid medium (5) is capable of leaving the separator (15) with a concentration of extracellular EV vesicles smaller than at the inlet (10) of the separator (15), or even substantially zero.
- the separator (15) can also include a second outlet (12) from the separator (15), through which the liquid medium (5) is capable of leaving the separator (15) with a higher concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) than at the inlet (10) of the separator (15).
- a second outlet (12) from the separator (15) through which the liquid medium (5) is capable of leaving the separator (15) with a higher concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) than at the inlet (10) of the separator (15).
- the separator (15) of EV extracellular vesicles can be fluidly connected to the container (4) so as to be capable of reintroducing a liquid medium (5) depleted in EV vesicles in the container (4), for example by l 'inlet (8) of the container (4).
- the production and / or extraction of charged extracellular vesicles (EV) can be carried out continuously, with a substantially constant volume of liquid medium (5) in the container (4).
- the fluidic system does not include a separator (15) of extracellular vesicles (EV) or the fluidic system comprises a separator (15) of extracellular vesicles (EV) which can be connected fluidically or not, for example by via a means for closing said separator (15), to the container (4).
- a separator (15) of extracellular vesicles (EV) which can be connected fluidically or not, for example by via a means for closing said separator (15), to the container (4).
- the production and / or extraction of charged extracellular vesicles (EV) can be carried out discontinuously or continuously depending on the opening or closing of the closure means disposed upstream of the separator ( 15).
- the liquid medium (5) can be extracted from the container 4 by a first pump (16), via a connector (13), of so as to transport the liquid medium (5) in a collector (19).
- Another pump (16 ') allows the liquid medium (5) contained in the collector (19) to be conveyed to the inlet (10) of the separator (15), via another connector.
- the first outlet (11) of the separator (15) is connected to the container 4 via a connector, so as to reintroduce liquid medium (5) depleted in extracellular vesicles (EV) in the container (4).
- the second outlet (12) of the separator (15) is connected to the collector (19) via a connector, so as to enrich the liquid medium (5) contained in the collector (19) with extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the inlet (10) of the separator (15) can be directly connected to the outlet (9) of the container (4) (or via a first pump (16)).
- the first outlet (11) of the separator (15) is connected to the container (4) and the second outlet (12) of the separator (15) is connected to the manifold 19.
- Several separators can also be arranged in series to vary the degree of separation into extracellular vesicles (EV) in the liquid medium (5), and / or in parallel to adapt the flow of liquid medium 5 in each separator (15) to the flow of a first pump (16).
- Figure 3 illustrates the size distribution of EVs obtained by NTA (Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, NS300, Malvern) (A) and morphological analysis by cryo-TEM (Cryogenics Transmission Electron Microscopy (B) The size distribution of EVs triggered by turbulence from HUVECs was analyzed by NTA and cryo-TEM ( Figure 3) showing the shape of the vesicles and the typical size range of polydispersed EVs (C). The results show that the EVs obtained at a Kolmogorov length of 35 ⁇ m displayed a conventional size range (100 to 400 nm).
- the average size of the EVs were 236 nm and 200 nm respectively.
- mTHPC metal - tetra (hydroxyphenyl) chlorine, INN: temoporfin, temoporfine in French
- fluorometry with an emission peak around 650 nm characteristic of this molecule (following excitation around 400-410 nm) (Figu re 4).
- the quantification of mTHPC was carried out for the samples of EVs produced by producer cells incubated with 100 mM mTHPC with shaking.
- Loading experiments were carried out at a Kolmogorov length of 100 and 35 ⁇ m in order to determine the effect of turbulence on the internalization of the agents of interest on the producer cells and subsequently on the released EVs.
- the loading step at 100 ⁇ m was followed by washing and vesiculation at 35 ⁇ m in Kolmogorov length, according to the experimental protocol of table 1 below. below.
- Table 1 protocol for loading vesicles from HUVEC to mTHPC
- the purified EVs (EV) samples obtained after loading the cells at a Kolmogorov length of 100 and 35 ⁇ m contained an mTHPC concentration of 1, 3 mM and 7.8 mM, respectively, which means an increase of more 5 times the EV load with mTHPC. Furthermore, when we compare the amount of EV obtained at 35 pm to 100 pm, we obtain an increase of 10 times, attesting to the effect and the importance of the length of Kolmogorov to, on the one hand, trigger and increase the release of EVs and, on the other hand, also increase their loading of the cargo molecule of interest.
- HUVECs HUVECs
- MSCs murine mesenchymal stem cells
- C3HT1 / 2, ATCC murine mesenchymal stem cells
- the cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum (SVF) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (PenStrep, Gibco) at 37 ° C (5% CO2).
- the vesicles were isolated and concentrated by ultracentrifugation (Beckman Optima MAX XP, 150,000 g for 1 h 30). The cell concentration was determined with the NC200 cell counter (Chemometec) and the concentration and size distribution of the vesicles were calculated by NTA. The markers present in the vesicles or their membrane have been analyzed by flow cytometry using the MACSPlex kit (Miltenyi Biotec).
- Vesicles and cells were then chemically lysed (0.3% Triton) and then analyzed using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi F7000). Doxorubicin was quantified using its excitation wavelengths at 485 nm and emission wavelengths at 560 nm.
- Figure 9 confirms the importance of L k in the loading of HUVEC on the one hand: the loading of HUVEC cells is 2.4 times greater (+140%) using an L k of 55 pm than at a L k of 283 pm, and on the other hand in the loading of the vesicles (FIG. 10): a 39% increase in the concentration of doxorubicin in the vesicles is observed when an L k of 55 pm is used, compared to an L k of 283 pm, which corresponds to passive loading of cells or vesicles (FIG. 10).
- Analysis by flow cytometry shows that the vesicles obtained according to the two conditions have conventional markers for extracellular vesicles, in particular CD9, CD63 and CD81 (not shown).
- vesiculation at an L k of less than 40 ⁇ m has no impact on the presence of the conventional markers of the vesicles; we can therefore expect vectorization functionality at least as effective as the passively produced vesicles.
- MTHPC and doxorubicin are small therapeutic agents (680.7 and 543.5 kDa, respectively).
- the conditions identified by the inventors are more effective than the condition of passive loading without agitation or with very weak agitation at 283 ⁇ m for example.
- the effect of the variation of L k for the production of extracellular vesicles for agents of larger size was also tested ( Figures 1 1, 12, 13). The 10 kDa and 70 kDa dextran-FITC probes were used.
- RNAs which have a molecular weight of the order of 13 kDa (Whitehead et al., 2009) or “small” therapeutic proteins whose molecular weight is close to 70 kDa (Strohl, 2015). Similar results are obtained, whether for the dextran-FITC probes of 70 kDa or 10 kDa.
- HeLa cells genetically modified to express the luciferase linked to the HSP70 protein (HSP70 is a marker for extracellular vesicles, Théry et al. 2018)
- HSP70 is a marker for extracellular vesicles, Théry et al. 2018
- DMEM fetal calf serum
- PenStrep penicillin-streptomycin
- These cells were seeded on Cytodex 1 microcarriers (GE Healthcare) at 6 g of beads / L in 100 ml spinner flask (Bellco) at a rate of 6700 cells / cm 2 , then cultured at 3 g of beads / L with stirring. 34 rpm until confluence.
- the microcarriers comprising the confluent cells were washed 3 times with DMEM without serum to eliminate traces of serum, then incubated with FITC-dextran probes of 10 or 70 kDa (references FD10S and 90718 respectively, Sigma) at 1.43 mM for 2 hours at L k of 245 or 48 pm (Table 3).
- Table 3 protocol for production and loading of vesicles of HeLa cells with dextran 10 or 70 kDa coupled to FITC.
- Vesicles and cells were then chemically lysed (Triton 0.3%) and the amount of FITC determined with a fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi F7000), using the excitation wavelengths at 495 nm, and emission at 520 nm from FITC.
- the extracellular vesicles obtained were also analyzed by flow cytometry imaging (Amnis® ImageStream®) using anti-CD 63 PE and anti-CD 81 APC (Biolegend) antibodies. A total of 100,000 events were analyzed.
- the positive events with the FITC marking were then classified in the “gates corresponding to apoptotic bodies (AB for apoptotic bodies), large vesicles (lEVs) and small vesicles (sEV) according to their granularity or relative internal complexity (“ side scatter in English).
- the luminescent (luciferase) and fluorescent (FITC) signal for the vesicles obtained at an L k of 245 pm and 48 pm using the 70 kDa FITC-dextran probe was evaluated.
- the luminescent signal is an indicator of the number of vesicles produced by HeLa cells, it corresponds to the luciferase linked to the protein HSP70, which is a cytosolic marker of vesicles, and produced by mother cells.
- the fluorescence of FITC reflects the amount of FITC-dextran internalized in the vesicles and therefore the load of the vesicles in FITC-dextran.
- the extracellular vesicles produced according to the invention have a higher concentration of imaging agent and / or therapeutic agent than the extracellular vesicles produced according to currently known methods, such as passive loading (without or with very low agitation).
- the method according to the invention does not include the application of electrical stress to the cells via the application of a potential difference like the electroporation method.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the biodistribution of a liposomal formulation of mTHPC (FIG. 5) and of mTHPC-EV (FIG. 6) as a function of the intensity of the fluorescence in tissues selected as a function of the time after intravenous injection ( 0.3 mg / kg of the agent of interest) in mice carrying HT29 tumors.
- the fate of mTHPC EVs at a Kolmogorov length of 35 ⁇ m was studied in a mouse tumor model.
- Biodistribution following intravenous administration has been compared to a liposomal formulation of mTHPC (a liposomal formulation mTHPC) by taking advantage of the imaging properties of the drug.
- the biodistribution data ( Figures 5 and 6) indicate that the mTHPC EVs reached a maximum concentration in the tumor more quickly (between 6 and 15 h after the injection) than the liposomal formulation of mTHPC (between 24 and 48 h after the injection). Pulmonary absorption was higher for mTHPC EVs than for the liposomal formulation of mTHPC. An equally high absorption in the liver was observed for mTHPC EVs and the liposomal formulation of mTHPC.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the plasma concentration of mTHPC expressed as a function of time after the intravenous injection of the liposomal formulation of mTHPC or of mTHPC-EV (0.3 mg / kg of mTHPC) in mice carrying HT29 tumors.
- a pharmacokinetic study revealed a decrease in mTHPC in the circulation after the injection of the liposomal formulation of mTHPC after a peak of 30 minutes after the injection ( Figure 7).
- blood concentrations of mTHPC increased surprisingly with a peak at 6 h after injection.
- the decrease in plasma concentrations of mTHPC to almost 0.2 ng / ml reached 6 h and 24 h after injection of the liposomal formulation of mTHPC and mTHPC, respectively.
- Figure 8 illustrates Kaplan-Meier diagrams of HT29 tumor growth retardation after treatment with free mTHPC; the liposomal formulation of mTHPC and mTHPC-EVs with laser activation of the drug (photodynamic therapy, three-dimensional therapies), compared to the same groups without laser activation (control, dashed lines).
- the inventors compared the therapeutic effect of mTHPC EVs, the liposomal formulation of mTHPC and free mTHPC in terms of tumor growth, 90 days after treatment.
- Kaplan-Meier diagrams show that, without laser induced drug activation, mTHPC EV, the liposomal formulation of mTHPC and free mTHPC had the same therapeutic effect.
- the vesicles loaded with active agents obtained according to the methods of the present invention can constitute a very advantageous alternative both from the point of view of pharmacodynamic properties and of the effectiveness of the treatment carried out.
- Liposomes are known for the vectorization of various biomolecules such as enzymes, hormones, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, proteins or DNA peptides, anticancer molecules (Farjadian et al. 2018).
- Such molecules can therefore advantageously be vectorized by the charged vesicles according to the method of the invention like mTHPC.
- active agents in lipid formulations are subject to marketing authorization by the health authorities, for example:
- amphotericin B (AmBisome ® , authorized for the treatment of fungal infections)
- daunorubicin (Daunoxome ® , authorized for the treatment of extensive or visceral cutaneous mucosal Kaposi's sarcoma),
- a particular object of the invention is therefore a process for the production of extracellular vesicles charged with one of these molecules and as described in the present application in any of its embodiments.
- the vesicles or cells advantageously loaded by these agents by said process also constitute objects of the present invention.
- a particular object is a loading process according to the invention, an extracellular vesicle or a cell loaded according to this process, characterized in that the therapeutic agent used in this process and loaded in the vesicles and / or producing cells, is selected from temoporfin, amphotericin B, daunorubicin, irinotecan, vincristine and cytarabine.
- Lamichhane TN Lamichhane TN, Raiker RS, Jay SM. Exogenous DNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles via Electroporation is Size-Dependent and Enables Limited Gene Delivery. Mol Pharm. 2015 Oct 5; 12 (10): 3650-7.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1874313A FR3091296B1 (fr) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Systeme fluidique de production de vesicules extracellulaires comprenant un agent therapeutique ou d’imagerie et procede associe |
| PCT/FR2019/053308 WO2020136361A1 (fr) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-12-27 | Systeme fluidique de production de vesicules extracellulaires comprenant un agent therapeutique ou d'imagerie et procede associe |
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| EP3902903A1 true EP3902903A1 (fr) | 2021-11-03 |
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| US (1) | US20220162537A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3902903A1 (fr) |
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| EP4263830A1 (fr) | 2020-12-21 | 2023-10-25 | INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) | Composition de miarn comprenant 11 miarn spécifiques et son utilisation dans le traitement du cancer |
| CN113637586A (zh) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-12 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种便携式培养细胞的外泌体制备、富集、纯化收集系统 |
| KR20260002799A (ko) | 2023-03-28 | 2026-01-06 | 엥스띠뛰 퀴리 | 배플이 장착된 회전 용기에서 세포외 소포의 고속 대량 생산 방법 |
| WO2025186182A1 (fr) | 2024-03-04 | 2025-09-12 | Institut Curie | Production à haut rendement de vésicules extracellulaires dans une puce fluidique |
| WO2026032998A1 (fr) | 2024-08-08 | 2026-02-12 | Institut Curie | Production de vésicules extracellulaires à haut rendement à partir de cellules productrices de micro-organismes sous mouvement rotatif dans un récipient à déflecteurs |
| WO2026061925A1 (fr) | 2024-09-17 | 2026-03-26 | Institut Curie | Procédé de production efficace de particules biologiques comportant un composant viral ou de type viral dans un récipient rotatif à chambres séparées |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9982251B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2018-05-29 | Cellectis S.A. | Large volume ex vivo electroporation method |
| US7771988B2 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2010-08-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Control device for fermenter |
| JP5645657B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-07 | 2014-12-24 | ウェイク・フォレスト・ユニヴァーシティ・ヘルス・サイエンシズ | インクジェット遺伝子印刷法 |
| US9567559B2 (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2017-02-14 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Bioreactor using acoustic standing waves |
| US20160331686A1 (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-17 | Clsn Laboratories, Inc. | Compositions and Methods for Yeast Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Systems |
| ES2960205T3 (es) * | 2015-06-16 | 2024-03-01 | Fond Citta Della Speranza Onlus | Vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células del linaje osteoblástico para uso terapéutico y diagnóstico |
| WO2017075465A1 (fr) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-05-04 | The Broad Institute Inc. | Compositions et procédés d'évaluation et de modulation des réponses immunitaires par détection et ciblage de gata3 |
| CA3017586A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-15 | 2017-09-21 | Codiak Biosciences, Inc. | Vesicules membranaires therapeutiques |
| EP3452575A4 (fr) * | 2016-05-05 | 2020-03-11 | Terumo BCT, Inc. | Production et collecte automatisés |
| EP3548003A4 (fr) * | 2016-11-30 | 2020-07-22 | The Regents of The University of California | Vésicules extracellulaires et leurs procédés et utilisations |
| FR3068361B1 (fr) * | 2017-06-30 | 2021-10-15 | Univ Paris Diderot Paris 7 | Systeme fluidique de production de vesicules extracellulaires et procede associe |
| FR3091295B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-05-26 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Systeme fluidique de production de vesicules extracellulaires et procede associe |
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- 2019-12-27 JP JP2021538058A patent/JP2022522259A/ja active Pending
- 2019-12-27 WO PCT/FR2019/053308 patent/WO2020136361A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-27 EP EP19850768.3A patent/EP3902903A1/fr active Pending
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| WO2020136361A1 (fr) | 2020-07-02 |
| CN113710793B (zh) | 2024-08-23 |
| CN113710793A (zh) | 2021-11-26 |
| FR3091296A1 (fr) | 2020-07-03 |
| CA3124611A1 (fr) | 2020-07-02 |
| JP2022522259A (ja) | 2022-04-15 |
| US20220162537A1 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
| FR3091296B1 (fr) | 2021-02-19 |
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