EP3899517A1 - Nouveaux polymeres et leur utilisation pour la detection de flux ioniques - Google Patents
Nouveaux polymeres et leur utilisation pour la detection de flux ioniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3899517A1 EP3899517A1 EP19845603.0A EP19845603A EP3899517A1 EP 3899517 A1 EP3899517 A1 EP 3899517A1 EP 19845603 A EP19845603 A EP 19845603A EP 3899517 A1 EP3899517 A1 EP 3899517A1
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- European Patent Office
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- crown
- polymer
- monomer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D323/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/22—Oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/26—Nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/30—Sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/32—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing two or more rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
- G01N27/4145—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS specially adapted for biomolecules, e.g. gate electrode with immobilised receptors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
- C08F2438/03—Use of a di- or tri-thiocarbonylthio compound, e.g. di- or tri-thioester, di- or tri-thiocarbamate, or a xanthate as chain transfer agent, e.g . Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer [RAFT] or Macromolecular Design via Interchange of Xanthates [MADIX]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ion-sensitive polymers and their use for monitoring biological phenomena associated with ion fluxes, as well as organo-electrochemical transistors comprising such polymers.
- Extracellular microelectrode arrays have been developed, allowing a non-invasive analysis of electrical phenomena at the cellular level for a long time, but on the one hand these systems are not specific for a type of ion, and on the other hand their signal to noise ratio remains low.
- ion fluxes i.e. fluxes of a given type of ion
- Detection of specific ion fluxes can also increase the specificity of biosensors using cells or micro-organs as sensors.
- Detection of specific ions also allows rapid analysis of liquid samples from biological organisms, liquid samples environmental, and / or liquid samples taken during the monitoring of chemical processes.
- Organo-electrochemical transistors which are based on semiconductor polymers, base their operation on the movement of ions via non-invasive methods, allow amplification of signals without increasing noise and can give information on the cell activity. However, they cannot intrinsically discriminate between the different types of ions that participate in membrane ion fluxes, which prevents obtaining a more precise picture of the activity of the cells or micro-organs of interest.
- Electrodes with respect to ions have been designed. These electrodes are in the form of membranes selective for a given type of ion associated with conductive polymers.
- the inventors have developed in this context new polymers and complexes of polymers which are both electronic conductors and specific to target ions, as well as conductive inks comprising said polymers or complexes.
- the polymers are either electronic conductors in themselves, or they form a conductive complex in admixture with an electronic conductive polymer.
- the inks obtained are particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of electrodes and transistors for recording signals at the cellular level.
- the use of these polymers and inks in transistors makes it possible to combine:
- the present invention relates firstly to the use of at least one polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I)
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- a conductive ink comprising at least one polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I)
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- B is a chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ , in which either the polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) is an electronic conductive polymer, or the polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) is non-electronic conductor and is in the form of a mixture with another polymer electronic conductor.
- organo-electrochemical transistor comprising as a semiconductor film a film comprising at least one polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I)
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- B is a chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ . It also relates to the use of such a transistor for the detection of at least one flux of an ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ at the level of a cell or of a set of cells.
- It also relates to the use of such a transistor for the detection of the presence of at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ in a liquid sample from a biological organism, in an environmental liquid sample, or in a liquid sample taken during the monitoring of a chemical process.
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- B is a chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ and in which A is preferably chosen from the group consisting of styrene, styrene sulfonate and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene .
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- B is a chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ , in which the monomer of formula (II) is chosen from the group consisting of
- FIG. 2 presents the electrochromic characterization of the dedoping time of the PEDOT ink: PSTFSI-85: PSP15Cr5SI-15 (a) and the characterization in electro-impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the PEDOT ink: PSTFSI-85: PSP15Cr5SI-15 (b).
- FIG. 4 shows the effect of thapsigargine on b-clonal cells (line I NS-832/13) cultivated on coverslips with / without a thin film layer of an ink of the PEDOT complex: polymer according to the invention, the polymer according to the invention being a copolymer between STFSI and monomer 2, in mass proportions 85/15 (PEDOT: PSTFSI 85-co-PS18-crown-6).
- (a) and (b) are images on lamellae without a thin layer of ink according to the invention
- (c) and (d) are images with a thin layer of ink according to the invention
- (a) and ( c) are images in the absence of thapsigargine
- (b) and (d) are images in the presence of thapsigargine
- (e) represents the quantification of the percentage of dead cells for each condition.
- FIG. 5 presents (a) the electrochemical characterization of the monomer 6 relative to that of the EDOT monomer, (b) the electrochemical characterization of the various copolymers of the monomer 6 with the EDOT, in the order of the curves (starting from the top to the level of 0.0 on the abscissa) with EDOT / monomer 6 ratios of 2/1, 3/1, 2/3 and 1/1.
- FIG. 6 presents (a) a scanning electron microscopy image of the EDOT / monomer 6 copolymer with a 3/1 ratio, (b) a microscopy image scanning electron of a 20 micron film formed by electropolymerization of the monomer 6.
- FIG. 7 represents a diagram for manufacturing and characterizing an OECT according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 represents the physical characterization of an OECT according to the invention.
- FIG. 9 represents the physical characterization of an OECT according to the invention.
- the curve with squares (right axis) is the transconductance of the electrochemical transistor.
- the present invention relates first of all to the use of at least one polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I)
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- B is a chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ ,
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- B is a chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ .
- polymerizable monomer is meant a monomer comprising at least one reactive function capable of forming a covalent bond with another monomer.
- the polymerizable monomers according to the invention can form electronic conductive polymers by homopolymerization or by copolymerization with at least one other monomer, preferably another monomer according to the invention.
- EDOT 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer
- the polymerizable monomer according to the invention can form a non-conductive polymer in itself by homopolymerization or by copolymerization with at least one other monomer, but form a conductive complex in the presence of another electronic conductive polymer.
- styrene and styrene sulfonate monomers in particular sodium styrene sulfonate, which can be used as stabilizers during the oxidative polymerization of EDOT in water to form a conductive complex
- PEDOT: PSS which is a mixture of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and sodium poly (styrene sulfonate).
- the polymerizable monomer A is chosen from the group consisting of styrene, styrene sulfonate, in particular styrene sulfonate of sodium, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, thiophene and pyrrole.
- the polymerizable monomer A is chosen from the group consisting of styrene, styrene sulfonate, in particular sodium styrene sulfonate, and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.
- the polymerizable monomer is an oligomer, such as a dimer or a trimer, of a polymerizable monomer such as a styrene, styrene sulfonate or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer.
- spacer arm is meant a succession of covalently linked atoms.
- the spacer arm is a group comprising at least one atom of carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, and / or oxygen.
- the spacer arm is a group comprising at least one atom of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and / or oxygen.
- the chain of atoms of the spacer arm connecting the polymerizable monomer A and the chemical group capable of complexing or chelating a B ion comprises from 1 to 10 atoms, preferably from 1 to 5 atoms, in particular from 1 to 3 atoms.
- the spacer arm L can be an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an alkyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, an amine group such as a secondary or tertiary amine, an alkylamine group, an amide group. , an ester group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, a phosphate group or a ketone group.
- the spacer arm is chosen from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, an alkyl group, an ether group, an amine group such as a secondary or tertiary amine, an alkylamine group, an amide group, an ester group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group or a ketone group.
- the spacer arm is chosen from the group consisting of an amine group, in particular NH, an alkyl group, in particular Chh, an ether group, in particular CH2-O-CH2, and an alkylamine group, in particular CH2-NH.
- the spacer arm In the case where the spacer arm is not symmetrical, it can be placed both in one direction and in the other between the polymerizable monomer A and the chemical group capable of complexing or chelating a B ion.
- the spacer arm can also include several groups as listed above covalently linked together.
- the spacer arm can be an alkylamine group, an alkylester group, an alkylamide group, or an alkylketone group.
- alkyl group is meant a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group, comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups mention may be made of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and iso-butyl groups, preferably methyl and ethyl groups.
- ether group two alkyl groups covalently linked to each other by an oxygen atom. For example, mention may be made of the group CH2-O-CH2.
- thioether group two alkyl groups covalently linked to each other by a sulfur atom. For example, mention may be made of the group CH2-S-CH2.
- amine group is meant an NH group or an N-alkyl group.
- cycloalkyl group denotes a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, preferably saturated, hydrocarbon-based ring comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl group may in particular be a cyclopropane, a cyclobutane, a cyclopentane, a cyclohexane, a cycloheptane, a cyclooctane, a cyclobutene, a cyclopentene, a cyclohexene, or a phenyl.
- heterocyclic group is meant a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon ring comprising from 1 to 10 members, and interrupted by at least one heteroatom chosen from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms.
- the heterocyclic group comprises 5 or 6 links.
- the heterocyclic group can in particular be a furan, a tetrahydrofuran, a thiophene, a pyrrole, a pyridine, a pyrane, an oxazine, a thiazine, a pyrimidine or a piperazine.
- the heterocyclic group may possibly comprise several cycles, for example it may be a bicyclic group.
- chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion is meant a chemical group whose structure allows a non-covalent interaction with at least one ion.
- the non-covalent interaction between the chemical group and the at least one ion is specific, that is to say that the affinity of the chemical group for the target ion is at least 2 times, preferably at least 10 times, greater than that for another ion in the list, preferably that for any other ion in the list.
- B can be chosen from crown ethers, cyclic ionophores such as valinomycin and nonactin, and the di (2-picolyl) amine (or Bis (2-pyridylmethyl) amine) group.
- B is chosen from crown ethers and the di (2-picolyl) amine group.
- crown ethers cyclic oligomers of ethylene oxide, optionally substituted, known for their ability to interact with cations.
- crown ethers mention may be made of ether 12-crown-4, ether 15-crown-5, ether 18-crown-6 and ether 21-crown-7, optionally substituted, in particular substituted with at least one benzyl.
- the crown ether is 15-crown-5 ether or 18-crown-6 ether, optionally substituted, in particular by a benzyl.
- the sulfur analogs of oxygenated crown ethers (crown thioethers) are also included in the scope of the term “crown ethers" according to the invention.
- the ion is the potassium ion K + and B is chosen from the group consisting of 18-crown-6 ether (1, 4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane), optionally substituted, valinomycin and nonactin.
- the ion is the sodium ion Na + and B is the ether 15-crown-5 (1, 4,7, 10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane), optionally substituted.
- the ion is the zinc ion Zn 2+ and B is the di (2-picolyl) amine group, optionally substituted.
- the polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) is either an electronic conductive polymer or it is non-electronic conductor and is used in the form of a mixture with another electronic conductive polymer.
- the polymer according to the invention is advantageously a stabilizer during the synthesis of the electronic conductive polymer with which it is mixed.
- the mixture with an electronic conductive polymer is also designated “conductive complex” in the present invention.
- electroconductive conductive polymer is meant a polymer which alternately has single and multiple bonds, capable of conducting electrons. It can be a conductive or semi-conductive polymer, possibly doped to increase its conduction properties.
- the method of coating an electrode or manufacturing an organo-electrochemical transistor can be any method conventionally used in this field.
- the electrode may be an electrode for an organo-electrochemical transistor.
- the polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) is used in the form of an ink, that is to say that it is included in a conductive ink.
- the conductive ink, the conductive complex or the conductive polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) can be deposited on the electrode or on the substrate of the transistor by any technique known in the art, in particular by centrifugation (spin coating ) or by inkjet printing.
- the invention also relates to a conductive ink comprising at least one polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I)
- A, L and B are as defined above, in which either the polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) is an electronic conductive polymer, or the polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) is non-electronic conductive and is in the form of a mixture with another electronic conductive polymer.
- a conductive ink according to the invention is a complex mixture of compounds comprising at least one polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) and at least one additive, for example a solvent or a formulating agent.
- the solvent can in particular be water.
- a conductive ink according to the invention has physicochemical properties such as its wettability and / or its viscosity in particular which allow it to be deposited or printed. Printing the conductive ink according to the invention produces an electronic conductive printed object.
- the conductive ink according to the invention can comprise additives conventionally used in bioelectronics for obtaining films with the best properties.
- the ink may contain at least one compound to improve its conductivity, for example a co-solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG), at least one compound for increasing surface adhesion, for example the crosslinking agent 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOPS) or the divinylsulfone crosslinker (DVS), at least one compound for increasing the stability of the conductive ink film in an aqueous medium, for example the 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane crosslinker (GOPS) or the divinylsulfone crosslinker, and / or at least one compound for improving wetting on the substrate, for example a surfactant from the class of Zonyl® (polytetrafluoroethylene resins) or 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA).
- a co-solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG)
- This ink may for example be a PEDOT-based ion-sensitive ink obtained by stabilizing an aqueous dispersion of EDOT monomers with at least one polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) as defined above, in particular at least one copolymer of at least one of the 4-vinylbenzyl (sulfonyl) -4 '- (benzo-15-crown-5) -ylamine 1, 4-vinylbenzyl (sulfonyl) -4'- (benzo-18-crown-8) monomers -ylamine 2 and N- (4-vinylbenzyl) (pyridin-2-yl) -N - ((pyridin-2- yl) methyl) methylamine 3, with styrene (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (STFSI), then carrying out the polymerization oxidizing said dispersion.
- This provides ion sensitivity to a conductive PEDOT-based ink.
- the inks according to the invention can be formulated, deposited in the form of films using various known techniques.
- the technique used can be adapted according to the viscosity of the ink and can be 'spin coating', 'doctor blade', 'slot die' or 'spray coating'.
- the inks can be characterized by different electrochemical methods, in particular for the determination of their ionic sensitivity.
- the invention also relates to an organo-electrochemical transistor comprising as a semiconductor film a film comprising at least one polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I)
- This transistor has the advantage of being directly ion-specific without requiring the combination of an ion-specific membrane and a conductive polymer.
- the manufacturing process of transistor is therefore simplified since the conductive polymer or the conductive complex fulfills the double role of ion selectivity and conduction.
- the transistors according to the invention can be advantageously used as ion-specific sensors for recordings in electrophysiology in particular, for research applications and in the biomedical field.
- the transistor according to the invention do not require an ion-specific membrane.
- the transistor according to the invention does not include a specific membrane of at least one type of ion.
- the semiconductor film of the transistor according to the invention is obtained by printing or depositing a conductive ink according to the invention.
- Either the polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I) included in the film of the transistor according to the invention is an electronic conductive polymer, or it is non-electronic conductor and is in the form of a mixture with another electronic conductive polymer .
- the use of a transistor according to the invention for the detection of at least one flux of an ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ at the level of a cell or of a set of cells is another object of the invention.
- the cell or set of cells can either be in vivo or be in vitro, for example within a cell culture, preferably in vitro.
- the cell or the set of cells can in particular be on the transistor.
- the transistor can be used for the detection of specific ion fluxes during physiological, physiopathological (functional explorations and diagnostics), pharmacological, toxicological or organ-on-chip investigations.
- the transistor can also be used for the detection of specific ion fluxes during the maturation and / or differentiation of stem cells, for example to monitor their differentiation and then improve the differentiation protocols or when using differentiated stem cells as a model. genetic disease.
- the transistor can also be used according to the invention for the detection of specific ion fluxes at the level of a bio-sensor using cells, for example clonal, primary or stem cells, or micro-organs as sensors.
- stem cells are to the exclusion of human embryonic stem cells.
- the transistor can be used according to the invention for the detection of Zn 2+ co-secreted with insulin at the beta-pancreatic cells, in particular for monitoring and / or quantifying the secretion of insulin in a patient with diabetes.
- the transistor according to the invention can be part of a sensor used in a device which can be implanted at least partially in the body of a patient.
- the transistor according to the invention is inside the patient.
- a transistor according to the invention for the detection of the presence and / or the quantification of at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ in a sample liquid from a biological organism, in an environmental liquid sample, or in a liquid sample taken during the monitoring of a chemical process is another object of the invention.
- the liquid sample to be analyzed can for example be a liquid sample comprising cells, an organ, a biological organism, an environmental liquid sample or a liquid sample taken during the monitoring of a chemical process.
- the transistors according to the invention make it possible to overcome the rigidity of the metal electrodes which is a major concern in the interfacing between electrodes and biological material, in particular in vivo.
- the organoelectrochemical transistor according to the invention can be manufactured by any technique known in the art for manufacturing OECTs.
- the conductive ink according to the invention can for example be deposited on a glass or plastic substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- organo-electrochemical transistor comprising as a semiconductor film a film comprising at least one polymer according to the invention
- the polymer according to the invention is used to coat an electrode
- the properties and characteristics described above for the transistor can be transposed directly to the coated electrode.
- the invention also relates to a polymer comprising at least one unit of formula (I)
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- B is a chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+
- A is preferably chosen from the group consisting of styrene, styrene sulfonate, in particular sodium styrene sulfonate, and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.
- the polymer according to the invention can only comprise units of formula (I) (homopolymer), or a combination of such units with at least one other unit (copolymer).
- These other units can advantageously be EDOT units, STFSI units, styrene units, styrene sulfonate units, in particular sodium styrene sulfonate, or units of formula (I) with A, L and / or B different from those of first motif.
- the polymer according to the invention may in particular be a copolymer between a 4-vinylbenzyl (sulfonyl) -4 '- (benzo-15-crown-5) -ylamine 1, 4-vinylbenzyl (sulfonyl) -4' - (benzo- 18-crown-8) -ylamine 2 or N- (4-vinylbenzyl) (pyridin-2-yl) -N - ((pyridin-2-yl) methyl) methylamine 3 and the monomer STFSI.
- it is a non-conductive polymer but forms a conductive complex when it is mixed with PEDOT or a derivative or analog thereof.
- the polymer according to the invention acts in this case as a stabilizer during the synthesis of PEDOT or of the derivative or analog thereof, in particular when the latter is polymerized oxidatively in an aqueous (dispersed) medium.
- the polymer according to the invention can in particular be a copolymer between a 4-vinylbenzyl-4 '- (methyl-15-crown-5) -methylether 4 or 4-vinylbenzyl-4'- (methyl-18-crown-8) monomer -methylether 5 and the monomer STFSI.
- it is a non-conductive polymer but forms a conductive complex when it is mixed with PEDOT or a derivative or analog thereof.
- the polymer according to the invention may alternatively be a homopolymer of a monomer chosen from the group consisting of monomers (2,3-dihydrothieno [3,4- b] [1, 4] dioxin-2-yl) -4'- (benzo-15-crown-5) -methylamine 6, (2,3-dihydrothieno [3,4- b] [1, 4] dioxin-2-yl) -4 '- (benzo-18-crown-6) -methylamine 7, (2,3-dihydrothieno [3,4- b] [1, 4] dioxin-2-yl) -N, N-bis ((pyridin-2-yl) methyl) methanamine 8, (2, 3-dihydrothieno [3,4- b] [1, 4] dioxin-2-yl) -2- (methyl-15-crown-5) -methyl ether 9, and (2,3-dihydrothieno [3,4- b ] [1, 4
- the polymer according to the invention may alternatively be a copolymer between a monomer chosen from the group consisting of monomers 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 and an EDOT monomer, in particular a copolymer between monomer 6 and an EDOT monomer. In this case, it is an electronic conductive polymer.
- the ratios by mass of units of formula (1) / other units are advantageously included in the range 5/95 to 50/50.
- the polymer according to the invention can have a variable chain length over a wide range, in particular in the range conventionally used for the use of PEDOT or PEDOT: PSS as conductive polymer or conductive complex respectively.
- A is styrene or styrene sulfonate, in particular sodium styrene sulfonate
- the polymer according to the invention typically has a molar mass of between 100 and 300 kg / mol.
- the polymers according to the invention can be obtained by polymerization of monomers of formula (II)
- the polymerization can be carried out by any technique known in the field for polymerizing the monomers of formula A.
- the electronic conductive polymers according to the invention which are such that A is EDOT and are derivatives or analogues of PEDOT can be obtained by radical oxidative polymerization, or by electropolymerization.
- non-conductive polymers according to the invention which are such that A is styrene sulfonate and are derivatives or analogs of polystyrene sulfonate can be obtained by radical polymerization, advantageously by radical polymerization controlled via RAFT (radical polymerization controlled by reversible chain transfer by addition-fragmentation) or NMP (radical polymerization in the presence of nitroxides).
- radical polymerization advantageously by radical polymerization controlled via RAFT (radical polymerization controlled by reversible chain transfer by addition-fragmentation) or NMP (radical polymerization in the presence of nitroxides).
- the unit of formula (I) included in the polymer according to the invention is chosen from the group consisting of:
- the motif of formula (I) is chosen from the group consisting of:
- the invention also relates to an electronic conductive complex comprising a polymer according to the invention, preferably a non-conductive polymer according to the invention, and an electronic conductive polymer.
- the electronic conductive polymer in the electronic complex can be, for example, PEDOT or a derivative or analog thereof.
- a PEDOT derivative can in particular be obtained by replacing at least certain EDOT monomers with substituted EDOT monomers, in particular at the level of at least one of the carbon atoms of the ethylenedioxy group of the EDOT monomer, with at least one chemical group.
- a PEDOT analog can in particular be obtained by replacing at least certain EDOT monomers with monomers in which the ethylenedioxy group is replaced by a propylenedioxy group, optionally substituted, or by replacing one or more of the oxygen oxygen atoms. at least some EDOT monomers with nitrogen, selenium or sulfur atoms.
- the polymers and / or the electronic conductive complexes according to the invention combine the properties of conduction and ionic sensitivity. Due to this combination, their use can advantageously be envisaged in conductive inks, in organo-electrochemical transistors, or in any other system. detection and / or quantification of said ions, for example to determine their concentration in analytes.
- A is a polymerizable monomer
- L is a spacer arm
- B is a chemical group capable of complexing or chelating at least one ion chosen from the group consisting of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ .
- the monomer according to the invention is chosen from the group consisting of:
- Monomer 2 was synthesized in the same way by replacing the 4’-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 with the 4’-aminobenzo-18-crown-6.
- Monomers 4 and 5 were synthesized in a single step consisting of low temperature etherification in the presence of sodium hydride.
- Monomer 5 was synthesized in the same way by replacing 2-hydroxymethyl-15-crown-5 with 2-hydroxymethyl-18-crown-6.
- the monomer 7 was obtained in the same way by replacing the 4'-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 with the 4'-aminobenzo-18-crown-6. Synthesis of monomer 8
- Monomer 9 was similarly synthesized by replacing hydroxy-methyl-18-crown-6 with hydroxy-methyl-15-crown-5.
- Example 2.1 Copolymerization of a monomer according to the invention and of STFSI
- Monomers 1 to 3 have been used for the synthesis of new electrolyte polymers by radical polymerization methods (via RAFT) known in the literature. Different series of copolymers have been systematically synthesized, changing the ratio between the monomers according to the invention and the more conventional styrene (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (STFSI) monomer providing solubility in water.
- STFSI trifluoromethanesulfonyl
- the necessary quantities of the STFSI monomer and of the monomer according to the invention were added to the schlenk type reactor as well as the adequate quantity of the chain transfer agent (CTA) and of the radical initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and dissolved with stirring in DMF to obtain a fairly concentrated reaction mixture.
- CTA chain transfer agent
- AIBN radical initiator azobisisobutyronitrile
- the polymerization was carried out at 65 ° C. under an inert atmosphere for a period ranging from a few days to a few weeks depending on the desired molecular mass.
- the polymer was obtained after precipitation in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or THF / diethyl ether mixtures, then filtration, washing with THF and drying under vacuum at 65 ° C for at least one day.
- D denotes the dispersity of the polymer chains and was determined by steric exclusion chromatography (DMF, polystyrene standards).
- Mw denotes the molar mass and was determined by steric exclusion chromatography.
- copolymers involving the monomer 3 and the STFSI monomer were synthesized with proportions by mass of monomer 3 of 5%, 10%, 30%, 40% and 50%.
- the ion specificity has been demonstrated for a copolymer comprising 85% of STFSI monomer and 15% of monomer 2 by mass.
- This copolymer has been characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy in the presence of increasing concentrations of different alkali metal salts (NaCI and KCI). It has thus been demonstrated that the polymer comprising the 18-crown-6 group has a greater sensitivity to the K + cation, preserving the specificity observed in the 18-crown-6 monomer.
- Example 2.2 Electrochemical synthesis of polymers and electrochemical characterization of monomers and polymers
- the electrochemical experiments were carried out using an AUTOLAB potentiostat controlled by a computer using the 'General Purpose Electrochemical Software' (GPES) software.
- An electrochemical cell with a configuration of 3 electrodes, equipped with a large Platinum surface electrode (mesh) and an Ag / AgCI electrode (in a 3M KCI solution) as reference electrode (Bioanalytical Systems) was used for all experiments.
- Vitreous carbon was used as the working electrode for the characterization of the monomers.
- Working electrodes composed of gold films (120 nm thick deposited by thermal evaporation on gold substrates) or ITO were used for electropolymerizations and the characterization of polymer films formed in organic and aqueous media.
- the acetonitrile was degassed in the cell before use and kept under an inert atmosphere throughout the electropolymerization. Before any experiment, the glassy carbon electrode was polished with alumina (thickness) to guarantee reproducibility.
- the potentiometry experiments were carried out with a PalmSense potentiostat (Netherlands) controlled by the PS Trace 5.2 software in a cell with two electrodes.
- An electrochemical cell with a configuration of 3 electrodes as mentioned before was used.
- a 0.1 M solution of lithium perchlorate in acetonitrile was used as the electrolyte in which the monomer (5 mM) to be characterized or polymerized was added.
- the two monomers were added in the concentrations necessary to study the molar ratios, that is to have a total concentration of 10 mM.
- the characterization of the electrochemical profile of the commercial EDOT monomer and of the monomer 6 according to the invention was made using the glassy carbon electrode, previously polished to guarantee the use of a homogeneous and reproducible surface between the different experiments.
- FIG. 5a shows the electrochemical characterization of the monomer 6 compared to that of the EDOT monomer.
- FIG. 5b shows the electrochemical characterization of the various copolymers of monomer 6 with EDOT, in the order of the curves (starting from the top at the level of 0.0 on the abscissa) with EDOT / monomer 6 ratios of 2/1, 3 / 1, 2/3 and 1/1.
- FIG. 6a shows an image of scanning electron microscopy of the EDOT / monomer 6 copolymer with a 3/1 ratio.
- Figure 6b shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a 20 micron film formed by electropolymerization of monomer 6.
- the electrolyte polymers obtained in Example 2.1 were used as stabilizers in aqueous dispersions of the EDOT monomer to produce, by oxidative polymerization, ion-sensitive inks based on PEDOT.
- oxidant solutions iron chloride and ammonium persulfate
- the reaction was left for 64 h under an inert atmosphere.
- the purification was carried out by ultrafiltration. A first wash was done with a 1 M solution of hydrochloric acid (150 mL). After concentrating the ink, it was further diluted with the same acid solution. After stirring for 2 hours, a third and final wash with MilliQ water was done. The ink was then filtered and analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy to determine a solution containing 1% dry matter according to our calibration. For their storage, the inks are protected from light and kept under magnetic stirring at constant room temperature.
- FIG. 1 shows the synthesized inks and their comparison with the PEDOT reference system: PSS.
- FIG. 2 shows the electrochromic characterization of the dedoping time of an ink according to the invention and the characterization in electro-impedance spectroscopy of the same ink.
- the ink is a PEDOT ink: PSTFSI 85: PSP15Cr5SI 15, SP15Cr5SI denoting monomer 1.
- PSTFSI 85 PSP15Cr5SI 15, SP15Cr5SI denoting monomer 1.
- the polymers and conductive complexes according to the invention can form stable aqueous dispersions. Their electrochromic properties are preserved. Their dedoping speed is comparable to that observed with the classic PEDOT: PSS complex.
- the characterization of the polymers, conductive complexes and inks according to the invention can be carried out by conventional methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or electrochromic spectroscopy (ECS).
- EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- ECS electrochromic spectroscopy
- the cytotoxicity of these inks was evaluated in a preliminary manner (FIG. 3) by observing the morphology of the cells of a clonal line of beta cells in the presence of a thin layer of a film of 3 inks according to the invention. .
- the composition of the 3 inks is detailed in Table 2 below:
- the films are 150 nm films deposited by centrifugation (spin coating).
- Example 4.2 Study of cell death in the presence and absence of ink according to the invention
- Clonal b cells (INS832-13) were cultured for 24 hours on reference coverslips (a and b) or on coverslips coated with an ink of the polymer studied (c and d) (in this case PEDOT: PSTFSI_85 / monomer 2_15 , based in the same stabilizer characterized in UV).
- the effect of thapsigargine drug inducing apoptosis was evaluated on the cells cultured on a coverslip coated with the ink according to the invention (d) and compared to the effect of the same drug on the cells cultured on the reference slide (b).
- Figure 4 shows the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the indicated components.
- Measuring apoptosis in response to a stimulus assesses the ability of cells to function normally and without damage. A low rate of apoptosis is always observed during the growth of cells in culture medium, and it is comparable in the two cases studied (strips with and without ink according to the invention), which means that the growth of cells is normal and cell mortality is negligible.
- Thapsigargine is a non-competitive inhibitor of the calcium ATPase pump in the endoplasmic reticulum SERCA, which increases the intracellular calcium concentration by blocking the cell's ability to pump calcium into the endoplasmic reticulum, causing cell death.
- FIG. 7 presents a diagram of manufacturing and characterization of an OECT according to the invention
- FIG. 8 presents the results of characterization of said transistors.
- the manufacturing was done by conventional methods of metallic evaporation and the use of masks for the definition of the electrodes.
- the ink used is PEDOT: PSTFSI_85 / monomer 2_15.
- the ink was deposited by centrifugation (spin coating).
- the characterization was carried out in an aqueous medium.
- FIG. 9 Another OECT transistor was manufactured by lithography with PEDOT ink: PSTFSI_85 / monomer 2_15.
- the transfer curve and the corresponding transconductance curve are shown in Figure 9. This curve shows, as for the transistor deposited by evaporation, the mixed conduction of ions and electrons in the ink film which serves as a channel in the transistor.
- the transfer curve is produced at a voltage difference between source and drain of -0.4V.
- the dimensions of the transistor are as follows: width 10 micrometers, length 100 micrometers and thickness 100 nanometers.
- OECTs have been characterized in electrolytes in the presence of different target cations and their competitors.
- the ion selectivity is determined by calculating the ratio of the slopes of the linear regressions of the transfer curves for a target cation and its competitor.
- Table 3 presents the results obtained for a transistor obtained with a PEDOT ink: PSTFSI_85 / monomer 2_15 and a control transistor with PEDOT: PSTFSI.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1873085A FR3090003B1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Nouveaux polymères et leur utilisation pour la détection de flux ioniques |
| PCT/FR2019/053121 WO2020128303A1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Nouveaux polymeres et leur utilisation pour la detection de flux ioniques |
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| EP3899517A1 true EP3899517A1 (fr) | 2021-10-27 |
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| US (1) | US12460038B2 (fr) |
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| GB0307975D0 (en) | 2003-04-05 | 2003-05-14 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Composite structure |
| US8445702B2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2013-05-21 | Life Technologies Corporation | Zinc binding compounds and their method of use |
| KR100616666B1 (ko) | 2005-01-27 | 2006-08-28 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 카본나노튜브에 구아니딘기를 형성하는 방법,구아니딘기가 형성된 카본나노튜브를 기판에 부착하는방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 카본나노튜브 및 기판 |
| CN101589496B (zh) * | 2007-01-23 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 聚合物电解质膜及其制造方法以及膜电极组件及聚合物电解质燃料电池 |
| FR2955179B1 (fr) | 2010-01-13 | 2019-11-08 | Universite De Bordeaux 1 | Capteur pour la mesure des besoins d'insuline d'un patient et procede de fabrication de celui-ci |
| JP6544571B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-04 | 2019-07-17 | 国立大学法人山形大学 | エタノールアミンリン酸センサ及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2020128303A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
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| US20220056189A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
| FR3090003B1 (fr) | 2021-10-15 |
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