EP3899378A1 - Concentrateur solaire - Google Patents

Concentrateur solaire

Info

Publication number
EP3899378A1
EP3899378A1 EP19820661.7A EP19820661A EP3899378A1 EP 3899378 A1 EP3899378 A1 EP 3899378A1 EP 19820661 A EP19820661 A EP 19820661A EP 3899378 A1 EP3899378 A1 EP 3899378A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical element
solar radiation
refractive
solar
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19820661.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paolo DECARLI
Donato Vincenzi
Michele TONEZZER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trentino Rainbow Energy Srl
Original Assignee
Trentino Rainbow Energy Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trentino Rainbow Energy Srl filed Critical Trentino Rainbow Energy Srl
Publication of EP3899378A1 publication Critical patent/EP3899378A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/12—Light guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0549—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising spectrum splitting means, e.g. dichroic mirrors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/10—Prisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a solar concentrator and in particular to a solar concentrator with a spectral separation for photovoltaic systems.
  • the photovoltaic systems are basically formed by an optical unit for the concentration of the rays of sunlight, the so-called solar concentrator, a photovoltaic converter and a solar tracking unit.
  • the solar concentrator focusses the solar radiation on the photovoltaic converter.
  • the latter generally comprises one or more photovoltaic cells connected in series to each other.
  • the photovoltaic cells are positioned in contact with a rear surface of the converter, which, for this purpose, is made of a material designed to transmit and dissipate the excess heat, for example metal or glass with high emission properties
  • the simplest architecture of a photovoltaic system comprises a matrix of cells positioned close to the focal distance of as many lenses and having the centre basically aligned with the optical axis of the corresponding lens.
  • refractive type Fresnel lenses are used in this type of photovoltaic system.
  • the lenses are usually made of plastic material (polycarbonate or methacrylate) or, recently, also of silicone material deposited directly on glass
  • a prior art architecture of solar concentrator is known, the so-called double reflection type, which comprises a first reflective optical element, the so-called main collector, and a further reflective optical element, the so-called secondary reflector.
  • the secondary reflector is generally defined by a convex mirror, which is kept in a fixed position relative to the primary collector, for example fixed to the front glass of the solar concentrator which is exposed to the light radiation.
  • the secondary reflectors are responsible for a shadow cone which is projected on the primary collector, which also constitutes the so-called input pupil of the optical system. For this reason, these optical systems are referred to as obscured input pupils.
  • the caustic curve generated in the solar concentrators having obscured input pupils is typically characterised by a region with reduced irradiance.
  • the concentration photovoltaic systems with obscured input pupils are generally equipped with light focussing systems. These components are designed to render uniform the irradiance profile on the plane of the photovoltaic cells and eliminate any regions with a reduced or too high an irradiance.
  • the focal plane generally corresponds to the input face of the focussing system.
  • This expedient means that the multiple reflections which occur inside the guide due to the“ total internal reflection” cause a focussing of the irradiance profile on the output face of the guide.
  • the photovoltaic device is positioned at the output face of the focussing system. The optical coupling between the two components is generally obtained thanks to a transparent sticker.
  • the focussing systems with total internal reflection are generally solid glass components since this has greater resistance to ageing induced by the UV radiation and is more stable at high temperature.
  • a further prior art embodiment of the focussing system consists of a truncated pyramid made using flat reflective sheets, folded so as to make a cavity inside of which the light is reflected several times and guided towards the photovoltaic cells positioned close to the output door of the component.
  • the light guide is made in a conical form and is obtained by cold drawing a sheet of reflective material. Irrespective of the shape it adopts, the function it performs is identical.
  • micro-concentrators with double reflection have been proposed which use entirely the phenomenon of the total internal reflection and which are free of focussing system.
  • the main aim of the invention is to overcome the above- mentioned drawbacks.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a solar concentrator for photovoltaic systems which has a high efficiency and such that the individual components can be assembled together with a high level of precision and simplicity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a solar concentrator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the solar concentrator of Figure 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the solar concentrator of the preceding drawings showing the optical paths of the rays of sunlight;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an optical component of the solar concentrator of the preceding drawings.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic side view of a variant embodiment of the solar concentrator of the preceding figures.
  • the numeral 10 denotes in its entirety a solar concentrator for photovoltaic systems according to the invention.
  • the solar concentrator 10 comprises a front input surface 7, shown in Figure 2.
  • the surface 7 is substantially flat and is exposed to the solar radiation 100.
  • the input surface 7 is made of transparent material, preferably glass, and allows protection from the weather conditions and the accumulation of dust for all the optical components the concentrator 10 is made of.
  • the solar concentrator 10 comprises a primary concave mirror 1 , in particular parabolic and also called reflector, and a refractive optical element 2, both positioned behind the input surface 7 or below the same observing, for example, Figure 2.
  • the refractive optical element 2 is equipped with a refractive surface 23, a substantially reflective surface 21 and a truncated pyramid-shaped support 22 with a polygonal base having the function of a light guide.
  • the refractive optical element 2 is made of substantially transparent material and has a refraction index of between 1 and 2.
  • the solar radiation 100 reflected by the primary concave mirror 1 is sent towards the refractive optical component 2 and, at the surface 23, undergoes a refraction.
  • the reflective surface 21 is preferably covered by a metallic layer with a high reflectivity and is shaped in such a way as to advantageously use the phenomenon of total internal reflection.
  • the refractive surface 23 is defined by a ball and the reflective surface 21 is defined by an upturned hyperbolic dome.
  • the concave primary mirror 1 is configured for concentrating the solar radiation towards a focal point or region situated between the substantially reflective surface 21 and the input surface 7.
  • the rays refracted from the surface 23 are reflected from the substantially reflective surface 21 towards the light guide 22.
  • the concentrated beam of light rays, labelled 101 in Figure 3 does not undergo further refraction and is not therefore subject to losses due to reflection.
  • the concentrated beam 101 undergoes a total internal reflection and is guided towards a photovoltaic cell 5, or photovoltaic receiver 5, without significant loss of intensity.
  • the reflective surface 21 reflects the light radiation towards the light guide 22 which homogenises the beam and focusses it towards the photovoltaic cell 5.
  • the photovoltaic cell 5 is in contact with the light guide 22 by means of an optical sticker or other means designed to promote the adhesion of the two objects and the transmission of light.
  • the photovoltaic cell 5 is, in use, subjected to luminous flows in the order of several tens of W/cm2 and this results in the need to dissipate part of this energy flow in the form of heat. For this reason, the photovoltaic cell 5 is placed in thermal contact with the surface of a rear support 6, which acts as a dissipater and which may consist of a sheet of material with high emission or a finned heat dissipater.
  • the concentrator 10 comprises mechanical means 8 for optical alignment between the concave primary mirror 1 and the refractive optical element 2 in such a way as to guarantee an effective alignment of the optical axis of the two components. This solution allows the optical efficiency of the system to be increased and at the same time simplifies the assembly operations.
  • the solar concentrator 10 comprises, in an example embodiment:
  • a refractive optical element 2 in turn comprising:
  • a light guide 22 having the function of guiding the concentrated solar radiation 101 , reflected from the reflective surface 21 , towards at least one photovoltaic receiver 5.
  • the refractive optical element 2 is made in a single integrated block, that is to say, in the form of a single-block, and it comprises mechanical alignment means 8 between the refractive optical element 2 and the concave mirror 1 to ensure the superposing and the parallelism between the optical axes of the two components.
  • the mechanical alignment means 8 between the refractive optical element 2 and the concave mirror 1 also guarantee the correct positioning of the latter on the surface of the rear support 6.
  • the refractive optical element 2 is made by injection moulding of plastic material.
  • the primary mirror 1 is made by injection moulding of plastic material.
  • both the refractive optical element 2 and the primary mirror 1 are made by injection moulding of plastic material.
  • the above-mentioned mechanical alignment means 8 are made in an integrated form in the moulding of the refractive optical element 2 and/or of the primary mirror 1.
  • the refractive optical element 2, the primary mirror 1 and the mechanical alignment means 8 are made in an integrated form, that is to say, in the form of a single-block, by injection moulding of plastic material.
  • the primary mirror 1 and the refractive optical element 2 are preferably fixed as one with the surface of the rear support 6.
  • the rear support 6 acts preferably as a support and heat dissipater for the photovoltaic receiver 5 and may be equipped with mechanical references to guarantee the correct relative positioning of the primary mirror 1 , refractive optical element 2 and photovoltaic receiver 5.
  • the primary parabolic mirror acts as a solar collector
  • the integrated refractive optical element acts as a secondary reflector, as a light guide and focussing element, reflecting the radiation focussed by the primary mirror towards the photovoltaic receiver and keeping it confined inside it thanks to the total internal reflection phenomenon.
  • the integrated refractive optical element which is advantageously self-supporting and self-aligning and is placed in direct contact with the photovoltaic receiver, illuminates the latter with uniform density.
  • the integrated refractive optical element advantageously has a triple function: constituting the secondary reflector, the light guide and the centring element between the primary mirror and the photovoltaic receiver.
  • One of the main problems of the double reflection optical systems consists in the alignment between the primary focussing optical system, the secondary optical system and the photovoltaic receiver.
  • the solar concentrator described above therefore guarantees a high level of alignment precision, as well as a high level of assembly simplicity, of the various components of the system, in particular of the primary mirror, the refractive optica! element in its entirety and the photovoltaic receiver.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the solar concentrator according to the invention.
  • the final portion of the light guide 22 is finished at 45° and is covered by a spectral selectivity film which allows transmission of a portion of the spectrum of the light radiation to a first photovoltaic receiver 5 and the portion complementary to it to a second photovoltaic receiver 55.
  • a spectral selectivity film which allows transmission of a portion of the spectrum of the light radiation to a first photovoltaic receiver 5 and the portion complementary to it to a second photovoltaic receiver 55.
  • the light guide 22 is equipped in its final part with a system for spectra! separation of the solar radiation based on dichroic film.
  • This spectral separation system is positioned and shaped for transmitting a first spectral portion of the concentrated solar radiation 101 to a first photovoltaic receiver 5 and for reflecting a second spectra! portion, complementary to the first spectra! portion, towards a second photovoltaic receiver 55.
  • This expedient makes it possible to maximise the conversion efficiency and to render this photovoltaic system more tolerant to the phenomenon of daily and seasonal variation of the incident radiation spectrum ( spectral mismatch).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un concentrateur solaire pour systèmes photovoltaïques, pourvu d'une surface d'entrée avant (7), sensiblement plate et transparente au rayonnement solaire (100), d'un miroir concave (1) disposé derrière la surface d'entrée avant (7) pour recevoir, réfléchir et concentrer le rayonnement solaire (100), et d'un élément optique de réfraction (2) comportant une surface de réfraction (23) exposée au rayonnement solaire réfléchi par le miroir concave (1), une surface réfléchissante (21) exposée au rayonnement solaire réfracté par la surface de réfraction (23), et un guide de lumière (22) destiné à guider le rayonnement solaire concentré (101), réfléchi par la surface réfléchissante (21), en direction d'au moins un récepteur photovoltaïque (5) ; l'élément optique de réfraction (2) est constitué dans un bloc unique intégré et comprend des éléments d'alignement mécanique (8) entre ledit élément optique de réfraction (2) et le miroir concave (1) pour assurer la superposition et le parallélisme entre les axes optiques des deux composants.
EP19820661.7A 2018-12-20 2019-12-19 Concentrateur solaire Pending EP3899378A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102018000020437A IT201800020437A1 (it) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Concentratore solare
PCT/IB2019/061109 WO2020128955A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-12-19 Concentrateur solaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3899378A1 true EP3899378A1 (fr) 2021-10-27

Family

ID=66286552

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820661.7A Pending EP3899378A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-12-19 Concentrateur solaire

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3899378A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT201800020437A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020128955A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL297568B2 (en) * 2022-10-23 2024-06-01 Green Capsula Solution Ltd System and method for optical focusing and temperature stabilization of a photovoltaic cell

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2403660A (en) 1945-05-29 1946-07-09 Hayward Roger Optical system for cameras
US3158676A (en) 1954-11-30 1964-11-24 Mccaffrey Francis Gyroscope mounted cassegrain telescope with central support for secondary mirror
US5274497A (en) * 1991-11-29 1993-12-28 Casey Paul A Concentrating collector lens assembly
FR2923302A1 (fr) 2006-10-31 2009-05-08 Antoine Sarayotis Telescope astronomique a lame rotative
US8119905B2 (en) * 2007-11-03 2012-02-21 Solfocus, Inc. Combination non-imaging concentrator
ES1071351Y (es) * 2009-10-15 2010-05-13 Soltec En Renovables S L Captador-concentrador de energia solar con optica de tipo cassegrain
ITBO20100541A1 (it) * 2010-09-06 2012-03-07 Cpower S R L Con Socio Unico Sistema fotovoltaico con concentratore solare a doppia riflessione
ITBO20120348A1 (it) * 2012-06-22 2013-12-23 Trentino Rainbow Energy S R L Concentratore solare.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT201800020437A1 (it) 2020-06-20
WO2020128955A1 (fr) 2020-06-25

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