EP3899096B1 - Système d'énergie et procédé de surveillance de pression de conduite - Google Patents

Système d'énergie et procédé de surveillance de pression de conduite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3899096B1
EP3899096B1 EP19832071.5A EP19832071A EP3899096B1 EP 3899096 B1 EP3899096 B1 EP 3899096B1 EP 19832071 A EP19832071 A EP 19832071A EP 3899096 B1 EP3899096 B1 EP 3899096B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
line section
energy
energy system
bidirectional
Prior art date
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EP19832071.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3899096A1 (fr
EP3899096C0 (fr
Inventor
Hendrik Leverenz
Andreas Hierl
Jonas Schulte
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Hps Home Power Solutions Ag
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Hps Home Power Solutions Ag
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04432—Pressure differences, e.g. between anode and cathode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention initially relates to a method for line pressure monitoring in an energy system according to the preamble of independent patent claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an energy system.
  • power is generated in a first power source.
  • the energy generated can be hydrogen H2, for example.
  • the hydrogen is generated by electrolysis, for example, and stored in a second power source device, which is, for example, a storage device.
  • a first mode of operation of the energy system During the operation of the energy system, the hydrogen is withdrawn from the storage device and consumed in a first energy sink device. This is, for example, a second mode of operation of the energy system.
  • a first energy sink device is, for example, a fuel cell device.
  • the above-described components of the energy system are usually spatially separated from one another and connected to one another via a connecting line device. Both of the aforementioned modes of operation usually require a different pressure level. While in the first mode of operation with electrolysis, for example, pressures of 20 to 60 bar prevail, pressures of, for example, less than 20 bar are required for the operation of the fuel cell device in the second mode of operation.
  • the various modes of operation are usually carried out separately from one another in separate line sections of the connecting line device.
  • the generated hydrogen is transported from the first energy source device to the second energy source device with the prevailing first pressure.
  • the hydrogen stored in the second energy source device is transported at the second pressure required for this to the first energy sink device and consumed there via second line sections of the connecting line device, which are used solely for recharging.
  • Such a well-known energy system is for example in DE 103 07 112 A1 disclosed.
  • a disadvantage of this known energy system is that the connecting line device has different line sections because of the different pressures, which are used only in the first operating mode or in the second operating mode of the energy system. This is structurally complex and also expensive because of the special demands on the lines. There is also the problem that the more line sections there are, the more leaks there can be in the connecting line device.
  • both an energy source device and an energy sink device are located on both sides of the bidirectionally used line. If a very small or partial leak occurs during operation of the energy system, that is to say while gas is flowing from the energy source device to the energy sink device, the gas can escape from the leak. This is very problematic and dangerous, especially with hydrogen, and must therefore be prevented and identified as quickly as possible so that countermeasures can be taken as soon as possible. Under certain circumstances, simply falling below the limit pressure reacts only very slowly and is therefore not sufficient. In the worst case, with a volume flow of leakage that after the Formula V ⁇ leakage ⁇ V ⁇ source is smaller than the volume flow of the energy source device, and a pressure measurement at the energy source device does not even trigger a pressure drop below the limit.
  • the line pressure must therefore be monitored.
  • a method for line pressure monitoring is described, wherein two pressure measuring devices, which are spatially separated from one another in the line section, are used to detect leaks in a line section.
  • Another solution for line pressure monitoring is in the DE 11 2005 000673 B4 disclosed. Monitoring the line pressure is not trivial, particularly in the case of bidirectionally used lines, in which the volume flows in both directions through the bidirectional line.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to further develop a method of the type mentioned at the outset and to provide an energy system in which the disadvantages mentioned can be avoided.
  • a possibility for secure monitoring of a bidirectional line is to be created.
  • the basic idea of the present invention consists in a special arrangement of pressure measuring devices and the evaluation of the pressures recorded by the pressure measuring devices for reliable monitoring of a bidirectional line, in particular a bidirectional gas line.
  • the solution according to the invention provides line pressure monitoring that is independent of the direction of use of the bidirectional line.
  • the invention is also a Sensitive line pressure monitoring possible in different operating modes or operating states of the energy system, for example when the energy system is at rest, in which the volume flow is zero, or when the energy system is in operation, in which the volume flow is greater than zero.
  • the present invention also allows plausibility checks through redundancy.
  • a number of advantages can be realized with the present invention.
  • a dangerous quantity of medium escaping through a leak for example hydrogen
  • can be minimized in every operating state for example by limiting the pressure and reducing the reaction rate.
  • Errors, and in particular leaks are detected with a high level of sensitivity, regardless of the operating status of the energy system.
  • the invention is directed to a method for line pressure monitoring in a line section of a connecting line device in a power system that is used bidirectionally. The method takes place in the energy system.
  • the invention also relates to an energy system.
  • the energy system is in particular a whole consisting of several components, the components being connected to form a purpose-specific unit.
  • the energy system is a system for generating or providing energy, preferably electrical energy.
  • the invention is not limited to specific types of energy systems. In the following, various preferred exemplary embodiments are described in this regard.
  • the energy system is a house energy system.
  • House energy systems are basically known from the prior art and are used to supply houses, for example low-energy houses, passive houses or zero-energy houses, with energy in the form of heat and in particular in the form of electricity, for example electricity from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) generators or small wind turbines.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • Such a house energy system creates the basis for the energy requirements of a house, in particular a low-energy house, a passive house or a zero-energy house, both in terms of electricity and Heat demand can be covered entirely from renewable energy sources and there is therefore complete CO 2 freedom in operation.
  • the electricity requirements of a house can be covered almost completely from renewable energy sources, in particular by means of a PV generator and/or a small wind turbine, in the sense of a desired increase in self-consumption.
  • Such a home energy system is, for example, in the patent applications WO 2017/089468 A1 and WO 2017/089469 A1 disclosed and described by the applicant, the disclosure content of which is included in the description of the present patent application.
  • This line pressure monitoring can be done for various reasons.
  • Line pressure monitoring is preferably used to detect leaks in the line.
  • problems with the flow of a medium through the line can also simply be monitored and identified.
  • the line pressure is monitored in a bidirectionally used line section of a connecting line device in an energy system, in particular in a house energy system, preferably in an energy system or house energy system as described above.
  • the connecting line device has at least one line section that is used bidirectionally, with the individual components of the energy system, which are described in more detail below, being located on both sides of the bidirectional line section.
  • a first energy source device is located on a first side of the bidirectional line section. Accordingly, the invention system initially has a first energy source device.
  • the first energy source device is designed to generate or provide energy.
  • an energy source device is characterized in particular by the fact that more flows out of it than flows in.
  • the generation or production of energy can be done in different ways.
  • the first energy source device can be designed as an electrolysis device.
  • the first energy source device in particular in the form of an electrolysis device, is designed to produce hydrogen H2.
  • electrolysis a chemical reaction for the extraction or production of substances is generally forced by means of electric current. The invention is not limited to this specific embodiment.
  • first energy sink device on the first side of the line section that is used bidirectionally.
  • an energy sink device is distinguished in particular by the fact that more flows into it than flows out.
  • the first energy sink device is a fuel cell device.
  • Fuel cell devices per se are familiar to a person skilled in the art. Generally speaking, fuel cells convert a supplied fuel, such as hydrogen, and an oxidant into electrical energy. The invention is not limited to this specific embodiment.
  • a second energy source device and a second energy sink device are located on the other, second side of the bidirectional line section.
  • the second energy source device is preferably a storage device, in particular a high-pressure storage device, in which the energy generated in the first energy source device, for example hydrogen, is stored until it is used, for example in the first energy sink device, for example a fuel cell device. If the second energy source device is a high-pressure accumulator, storage with pressures of up to 700 bar is preferred.
  • the second energy sink device is preferably a medium-pressure storage device, in particular for intermediate storage of hydrogen; storage with pressures of between 20 and 60 bar is particularly preferred in the second energy sink device. If such a second energy sink device is used, the energy generated in the first energy source device, for example hydrogen, is first transported to the second energy sink device and temporarily stored there before it is stored from there in the second energy source device, for example in a high-pressure storage device.
  • the energy system on which the present invention is based has a connecting line device, via which the first energy source device is connected to the second energy source device and the second energy source device is connected to the first energy sink device.
  • the connecting line device preferably comprises all of the line sections present in the energy system.
  • the connecting line device or its line sections are preferably in Form of pipelines and / or hose lines formed.
  • a line section preferably represents a part of the entire connecting line device.
  • a connecting line device has a single line section. However, it is preferably provided that the connecting line device has two or more line sections. Individual line sections can be designed as so-called unidirectional line sections, which means that there is a flow in only one direction.
  • a bidirectional line section is a line section that is used bidirectionally, i.e. in two directions.
  • a bidirectional line section is characterized in particular by the fact that it is used alternately and that there is a flow in both directions of the line section during operation of the energy system. The number of line sections required can thus be significantly reduced.
  • a pressure change in particular a pressure reduction, is required, for example from the first operating mode electrolysis at 20 to 60 bar to the second operating mode fuel cell operation at less than 20 bar.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by the following steps for monitoring the line pressure in the bidirectional, i.e. bidirectionally used, line section of the connecting line device: A first pressure P1 and a second pressure P2 prevailing at the locations of the pressure measuring devices are recorded via two pressure measuring devices that are spatially separated from one another in the bidirectional line section.
  • the location of the pressure measurement can be the location where the pressure measuring device is located or arranged in the bidirectional line section. Or the location of the pressure measurement is a point in the bidirectional line section where the pressure measuring device determines the pressure in the bidirectional line section, for example measures, picks up or determines.
  • the spatially separate pressure measuring devices are preferably each located at one end of the bidirectional line section;
  • the detection of the pressure means in particular that the pressures are measured directly by means of the pressure measuring devices. in other Configuration, the pressures can also be detected by this, in particular indirectly; determined, for example calculated, from certain parameters, in particular process parameters.
  • the pressures can be recorded continuously or at certain time intervals or intervals, possibly also only when required if conclusions are drawn from other components of the energy system that a leak is suspected.
  • the pressure measuring devices are designed as pressure sensors, for example.
  • the method according to the invention has the step that the line pressure in the bidirectional line section is checked by evaluating the pressures recorded by the pressure measuring devices, or the pressure values recorded.
  • the evaluation is carried out in such a way that the recorded pressures are set in relation to one another, that is to say in particular in a relationship or in a ratio to one another. Examples of this are explained in more detail in the further course of the description.
  • the checking procedure preferably takes place in a control device.
  • the control device can either be a separate control device used specifically for this line pressure monitoring. Or the control device is part of the main control device used for the energy system.
  • the control device can be formed by hardware components, or by software components, or by a combination of hardware and software components.
  • the control device includes a processor device and optionally also a memory device.
  • the control device is at least temporarily connected to the pressure measuring devices via interfaces, which can be wireless or wired, in order to receive the recorded pressures or pressure values from them.
  • control device can be designed to control or trigger other components of the energy system, such as valve devices and/or an expansion device and/or a flow rate limiting device, based on the evaluated pressures or pressure values.
  • other components of the energy system such as valve devices and/or an expansion device and/or a flow rate limiting device, based on the evaluated pressures or pressure values.
  • the pressures recorded by the pressure measuring devices are evaluated by limit pressure monitoring.
  • the first pressure P1 and/or the second pressure P2 is/are compared to a predetermined limit pressure.
  • P min predetermined minimum limit pressure
  • the two pressures P1 and P2 at the respective ends of the bidirectional line section are preferably the same.
  • there is a leak in the bidirectional line section occurs when the two pressures P1 and P2 differ.
  • the individual pressures P1 and P2 be compared against a limit pressure, but the two pressures P1 and P2 can also be compared directly with one another.
  • the pressures recorded by the pressure measuring devices are evaluated by means of a cross-comparison.
  • This cross-comparison provides that the recorded values of the first pressure P1 and the second pressure P2 are subtracted from one another. Then it is checked how the difference in the pressure values behaves in comparison to a predetermined comparison differential pressure value. For example, it can be checked whether the difference in the pressure values is greater than a specified maximum difference (P delta,max ). If the difference is greater than the specified maximum difference, this indicates a leak within the bidirectional line section. In this case, the check is carried out in particular according to the formula P1 ⁇ p2 > P delta ,Max .
  • the method according to this embodiment can also be implemented the other way around, or a check is carried out against a differential pressure range.
  • a leak can be ruled out if the determined difference in the pressure values lies within a predetermined differential pressure range.
  • the pressures recorded by the pressure measuring devices are evaluated by means of a plausibility comparison.
  • a plausibility comparison the recorded pressures P1 and P2 and/or the difference formed from the two pressures are checked to determine whether these values or the result are at all plausible, ie credible or conclusive.
  • This plausibility comparison provides in particular that the values of the first pressure P1 and the second pressure P2 are subtracted from one another.
  • a check is then made as to how the difference in the pressure values behaves in comparison to a predetermined plausibility differential pressure value. For example, it can be checked whether the difference between the pressure values is greater than a specified maximum difference (P delta,plausible ). Is the If the difference is greater than the specified maximum difference, this indicates a leak within the bidirectional line section. In this case, the check is carried out in particular according to the formula P1 ⁇ p2 > P delta ,plausible .
  • the method according to this embodiment can also be implemented the other way around, or a check is carried out against a differential pressure range.
  • a leak can be ruled out if the determined difference in the pressure values lies within a predetermined differential pressure range.
  • the volume flow in the bidirectional line section is reduced.
  • a suitable flow-limiting device for example by means of a capillary tube.
  • the volume flow in the bidirectional line section is adjusted during the monitoring process to increase the sensitivity of the line pressure monitoring.
  • the flow-limiting device can preferably also be designed as a device for reducing the line cross-section. Such an adjustment of the volume flow can also take place, for example, if a leak has been detected in the bidirectional line section.
  • the volume flow is then preferably at least throttled until the error has been rectified.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in different operating states of the energy system.
  • the method is carried out in a first operating state of the energy system, in which the energy system is in the idle state. In this state of rest, the volume flow in the bidirectional line section is equal to zero. In particular, the volume in the connecting line device is minimized in the idle state. Minimizing the volume of The connection line is set up in particular by closing certain valve devices, which are preferably check valves. These are, for example, valve devices in front of the first energy source device and/or in front of the first energy sink device and/or in front of the second energy source device and/or in front of the second energy sink device. The aforementioned measures increase the sensitivity, which increases the accuracy of the method. In the context of the present patent application, a valve device is preferably a component which is located behind an energy source device.
  • the method is carried out in at least one second operating state of the energy system, in which the energy system is in the operating state.
  • the volume flow in the bidirectional line section is greater than zero.
  • the hydrogen can be produced, for example by means of electrolysis.
  • This operating state is described as electrolysis operation.
  • electrolysis operation the hydrogen generated in the first energy source device flows via the connecting line device and in particular also via the bidirectional line section in the direction of the second energy source device, in particular in the form of a high-pressure storage device, with the hydrogen preferably being temporarily stored beforehand in a second energy sink device, in particular in the form of a medium-pressure storage device .
  • the hydrogen flows from the second energy source device via the connecting line device and in particular via the bidirectional line section to the first energy sink device in the form of a fuel cell device.
  • This operating state is referred to as fuel cell operation.
  • Leaks in the bidirectionally used line section result in a pressure difference between P1 and P2, since the pressure on the energy source device side drops more slowly or not at all.
  • the pressure on the side of the energy sink device falls, since hydrogen is consumed and flows out via the leak.
  • the volume flow in the connecting line device, in particular in the bidirectional line section prevented, for example by closing appropriate valve devices.
  • the flow rate of the volumetric flow in the connecting line device, in particular in the bidirectional line section is limited, for example by actuating a flow rate limiting device. In the latter case, the leakage volume flow in particular can be reduced until the fault is eliminated.
  • the components of the energy system required for the aforementioned measures can be controlled, for example, via the control device described above, or at least be triggered.
  • an energy system which has the features of independent patent claim 10 .
  • the method of the first aspect of the invention is preferably carried out in the energy system according to the second aspect of the invention, so that the energy system has means for carrying out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the design and functioning of the energy system in order to avoid repetition, reference is also made to the full content of the statements on the first aspect of the invention.
  • the energy system according to the invention has a first energy source device as described above and a first energy sink device as described above, which are arranged on a first side of a bidirectionally used line section of a connecting line device. Furthermore, the energy system has a second energy source device as described above and a second energy sink device as described above, which are arranged on a second side of the bidirectionally used line section of the connecting line device.
  • the energy system also has two pressure measuring devices that are spatially separated from one another in the bidirectional line section, preferably at each of the two ends of the bidirectional line section. The pressure measuring devices are provided in such a way that they are able to detect a first pressure or pressure value P1 prevailing at the locations of the pressure measuring devices and a second pressure or pressure value P2.
  • the energy system also has a device, in particular a control device, which is at least temporarily connected to the two pressure measuring devices via an interface in each case.
  • a device in particular a control device, which is at least temporarily connected to the two pressure measuring devices via an interface in each case.
  • This facility is provided in such a way that it is able to Evaluate pressure measuring devices detected or determined first and second pressures and based on the evaluation to check the line pressure in the bidirectional line section, in particular to determine whether the bidirectional line section has a leak.
  • the checking and evaluation preferably take place in the manner described in the context of the method according to the invention.
  • the first energy source device is embodied as an electrolysis device, in particular for the production of hydrogen and/or that the first energy sink device is embodied as a fuel cell device and/or that the second energy source device is embodied as a high-pressure storage device, in particular for storing hydrogen and/or that the second energy sink device is/are designed as a medium-pressure storage device, in particular for intermediate storage of hydrogen.
  • the first energy source device and/or the first energy sink device is/are preferably connected to the connecting line device via a valve device, in particular via a check valve.
  • a check valve which is a solenoid valve, for example, serves in particular to shut off a volume flow.
  • a valve device in particular in the form of a check valve device, is arranged in a line section of the connecting line device running between a second end of the bidirectional line section and the second energy sink device.
  • the connected line section of the connecting line device is fluidically closed in one direction, while the line section in the other direction is fluidically released, ie remains open.
  • the non-return valve device makes it possible, in particular, for the volume located in the connecting line device to flow in one direction, but not to flow back from this direction.
  • a check valve device In the context of the present patent application, it is preferably a component that is located in front of an energy sink device.
  • a valve device in particular in the form of a check valve, and/or an expansion device and/or a flow limitation device is/are arranged in a line section of the connecting line device running between a second end of the bidirectional line section and the second energy source device.
  • the energy system has a compressor device which is arranged in the connecting line device and connected to the second energy source device.
  • the medium generated by the first energy source device for example hydrogen, is stored in the second energy source device via the compressor device.
  • the compressor device is preferably located between the second energy sink device and the second energy source device.
  • the present invention can be applied to all systems with a bidirectionally used line and independent of pressure, in particular to storage systems with a separate source and sink, preferably to hydrogen storage systems.
  • the present invention is suitable for energy systems with large distances between the energy source device and the energy sink device, in particular also for systems with storage lines that are routed internally and/or are routed in an openly accessible manner.
  • an energy system 10 is shown, which is used as a home energy system.
  • the basic structure of the energy system 10 is first described.
  • the method according to the invention for line pressure monitoring is carried out in the energy system 10 .
  • the process of the method in different modes of operation of the energy system 10 is based on the figures 2 and 3 explained.
  • the energy system 10 initially has a first subsystem 20 which is designed as an internal system. This means that the first subsystem 20 is inside the house.
  • the energy system 10 has a second subsystem 30 in the form of an external system. This means that the second subsystem 30 is outside the house.
  • the first subsystem 20 includes a first power source device 21 which is an electrolyzer for producing hydrogen.
  • the first subsystem 20 has a first energy sink device 22, which is a fuel cell device.
  • the second subsystem 30 includes a second energy source device 31 which is a high pressure storage device.
  • the hydrogen generated is stored in the high-pressure storage facility at up to 700 bar.
  • the second subsystem 30 has a second energy sink device 32 in the form of a medium-pressure storage device in which the hydrogen produced is temporarily stored at pressures between 20 and 60 bar before it is finally stored from there in the high-pressure storage device.
  • the individual components of the energy system 10 are connected to one another via a connecting line device 40, which consists of a number of line sections.
  • a connecting line device 40 which consists of a number of line sections.
  • At least one line section 40a is designed as a so-called bidirectional line section. This means that the line section 40a is used bidirectionally during the operation of the energy system 10 and flows through it in both directions.
  • the bidirectional line section 40a connects the components of the first subsystem 20 to the components of the second subsystem 30.
  • the first energy source device 21 is connected to the connecting line device 40 via a valve device 23 .
  • the first energy sink device 22 is connected to the connecting line device 40 via a valve device 24 .
  • the valve devices 23, 24 are preferably check valves, for example solenoid valves.
  • the first energy source device 21 and the first energy sink device 22 are arranged on a first side 43 of the bidirectional line section 40a at a first end 41 of the bidirectional line section 40a, while the second energy source device 31 and the second energy sink device 32 are arranged on a second side 44 of the bidirectional line section Line section 40a are arranged at a second end 42 of the bidirectional line section 40a.
  • the hydrogen produced in the first energy source device 21 by means of electrolysis leaves the first energy source device 21 via the connecting line device 40 and flows in particular via the bidirectional line section 40a into the second subsystem 30 and there via a check valve device 33 into the second energy sink device 32 functioning as a medium-pressure accumulator.
  • the second energy sink device 32 serves as an intermediate store for the hydrogen. Since the hydrogen temporarily stored in the second energy sink device 32 should only leave the latter in one direction, namely in the direction of the second energy source device 31, only the check valve device 33 is provided. A check valve is therefore not required.
  • the hydrogen temporarily stored in the second energy sink device 32 is stored in the second energy source device 31, which is a high-pressure storage device, via a compressor device 34, which is in particular in the form of a piston compressor.
  • the hydrogen is compressed by the compressor device 34 to such an extent that it can be stored in the second energy source device 31 at pressures of up to 700 bar.
  • the hydrogen stored in the second energy source device 31 is used to operate the first energy sink device 22 in the form of the fuel cell device.
  • the fuel cell device can only work at pressures of less than 20 bar.
  • the hydrogen stored in the second energy source device 31 in the form of the high-pressure storage device is removed from the second energy source device 31, routed via a valve device 35, which can be a check valve, in particular a solenoid valve, and an expansion device 36 in the form of a pressure reducer fed.
  • the hydrogen can then, in particular, also flow through a flow rate limiting device 37, which is preferably designed as a device for reducing the line cross section. This is, for example, a capillary tube.
  • the flow limitation device 37 By means of the flow limitation device 37, the sensitivity of the figures 2 and 3 described method according to the invention improved. From there, the reduced-pressure hydrogen is fed via the connecting line device 40, and here in particular also via the bidirectional line section 40a, to the first energy sink device 22 in the form of the fuel cell device and consumed there.
  • two pressure measuring devices 50, 51 are provided at the respective ends 41, 42 of the bidirectional line section 40a.
  • the pressure measuring devices 50, 51 are spatially separated from one another, with the first pressure measuring device 50 being located at the first end 41 of the bidirectional line section, while the second pressure measuring device 51 is located at the second end 42 of the bidirectional line section 40a.
  • the pressure measuring device 50 at the first end of the bidirectional line section 40a detects a first pressure P1
  • the second pressure measuring device 51 at the second end 42 of the bidirectional line section 40a detects a second pressure P2.
  • the inventive method for checking the line pressure in the bidirectional line section 40a provides that the detected pressures P1 and P2 are evaluated.
  • This preferably takes place in a control device 60 which is assigned to the first subsystem 20 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the control device 60 can also be located elsewhere.
  • the control device 60 is at least temporarily connected to the pressure measuring devices 50, 51 via corresponding interfaces 61, 62, which is illustrated by corresponding arrows.
  • In the control device 60 there is a check of the line pressure takes place in the bidirectional line section 40a by means of an evaluation of the pressures P1 and P2 detected by the pressure measuring devices 50, 51, in that the detected pressures P1 and P2 are placed in relation to one another.
  • the method according to the invention checks in particular whether the bidirectional line section 40a has a leak.
  • the energy system 10 shown represents part of an overall house energy system, which is an electrically self-sufficient multi-hybrid house energy storage system based entirely on renewable energies.
  • the multi-hybrid house energy storage system makes it possible to distribute the electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic (PV) system, a small wind turbine or the like over the entire year in a demand-controlled manner.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the system acts as an island system independent of the electrical network. Rather, the system should ensure the electrical self-sufficiency of the house so that no electrical energy has to be drawn from the power grid throughout the year.
  • the primary task of the house energy system is to make the electrical energy obtained from photovoltaic (PV) modules or the like available to the consumer in the household. Secondarily, at times of low load or high insolation, excess electrical energy can be temporarily stored in a short-term battery storage device. Tertiary, the electrical energy can be stored in the hydrogen long-term storage as gaseous hydrogen for times of low radiation such as at night, winter or the like in the medium to long term and made available again at any time as required by means of fuel cells.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the system In addition to energy-related tasks, the system also functions as a controlled living space ventilation through a built-in ventilation device.
  • the hydrogen produced in the electrolysis device flows via the hydrogen line into the pressure storage system installed outside.
  • the fuel cell device can cover the additional electrical energy requirements.
  • the hydrogen flows via the hydrogen line from the pressure storage system to the fuel cell device.
  • the second sub-system is principally intended for outdoor operation, but under certain conditions it can also be set up and operated within a specific area of the house.
  • Generally described energy system 10 is the energy system 10 in a first operating state, which is intended to be the idle state.
  • the line pressure is monitored in the idle state, there should be no volume flow in the connecting line device 40, and in particular in the bidirectional line section 40a.
  • the valve devices 23, 24 and 35 are closed.
  • the check valve device 33 does not allow any backflow anyway.
  • the line volume is minimized by the corresponding position of the valve devices, which are identified by bold and dashed circles. Small and large leaks in the bidirectional line section 40a are detected equally well by the pressure measuring devices 50, 51, for example by detecting that the pressure has fallen below the limit. this is in figure 2 identified by the bold and dotted circles.
  • Errors in the pressure measuring devices 50, 51 can be ruled out, for example, by plausibility checks.
  • the evaluation of the pressures P1 and P2 detected by the pressure measuring devices 50, 51, in particular in the control device 60, is preferably carried out in the manner described above in the general description of the invention.
  • energy system 10 is the energy system 10 in a second operating state, which is intended to be an operating state.
  • the operating state of fuel cell operation is shown.
  • the line pressure monitoring in the bidirectional line section 40a in fuel cell operation takes place with the valve device 24 of the second energy sink device 22 open and with the valve device 35 of the second energy source device 31 open, which are marked by bold and dashed circles.
  • the connecting line device 40 and in particular in the bidirectional line section 40a, there is thus a volume flow which is greater than zero.
  • the hydrogen stored in the second energy source device 31 can thus flow, inter alia, via the bidirectional line section 40a into the first energy sink device 22 in the form of the fuel cell device.
  • Severe leaks or a line tear can also be detected if the pressure falls below the limit, which is indicated by the bold and dotted circles.
  • the sensitivity of the method can be improved by reducing the flow by means of the flow limitation device 37, which is, for example, a capillary tube. this is in figure 3 indicated by the bold circle.
  • Errors in the pressure measuring devices 50, 51 can be ruled out, for example, by plausibility checks.
  • the evaluation of the pressures P1 and P2 detected by the pressure measuring devices 50, 51, in particular in the control device 60, is preferably carried out in the manner described above in the general description of the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de surveillance de pression de ligne dans un segment de ligne (40a) utilisé de manière bidirectionnelle d'un appareil de ligne de connexion (40) dans un système d'énergie (10), en particulier dans un système d'énergie domestique, dans lequel un premier appareil de source d'énergie (21) et un premier appareil de puits d'énergie (22) se trouvent sur le premier côté (43) du segment de ligne bidirectionnel (40a) et dans lequel un second appareil de source d'énergie (31) et un second appareil de puits d'énergie (32) se trouvent sur le second côté (44) du segment de ligne bidirectionnel (40a), caractérisé en ce qu'une première pression (P1) et une seconde pression (P2) régnant aux endroits des appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51) sont détectées par l'intermédiaire de deux appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51) qui se trouvent spatialement séparés l'un de l'autre dans le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel, et en ce qu'un contrôle de la pression de ligne dans le tronçon de ligne bidirectionnel (40a) est effectué au moyen d'une évaluation des pressions (P1, P2) détectées par les appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51), en mettant les pressions détectées (P1, P2) en relation les unes avec les autres.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes : a) par l'intermédiaire des deux appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51) qui se trouvent spatialement séparés l'un de l'autre à une première extrémité (41) et à une seconde extrémité (42) du segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel, une première pression (P1) régnant à la première extrémité (41) du segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel et une seconde pression (P2) régnant à la seconde extrémité (42) du segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel sont détectées : b) les première et seconde pressions (P1, P2) détectées aux deux extrémités (41, 42) du segment de ligne bidirectionnel (40a) sont évaluées en les mettant en relation l'une avec l'autre ; c) la pression régnant dans le segment de ligne bidirectionnel (40a) est vérifiée sur la base de l'évaluation.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'évaluation des pressions (P1, P2) détectées par les appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51) s'effectue par une surveillance de la pression limite, en ce que la première pression (P1) et/ou la seconde pression (P2) est/sont comparées à une pression limite prédéfinie.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'évaluation des pressions (P1, P2) détectées par les appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51) s'effectue par une comparaison transversale, en soustrayant l'une de l'autre les valeurs de la première pression (P1) et de la seconde pression (P2), et en vérifiant comment se comporte la différence des valeurs de pression par rapport à une valeur de pression différentielle de comparaison ou une plage de valeurs de pression différentielle de comparaison prédéterminée.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'évaluation des pressions (P1, P2) détectées par les appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51) s'effectue par une comparaison de plausibilité, en soustrayant l'une de l'autre les valeurs de la première pression (P1) et de la seconde pression (P2), et en vérifiant comment se comporte la différence des valeurs de pression par rapport à une valeur de pression différentielle de plausibilité ou à une plage de pression différentielle de plausibilité prédéterminée.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, pour augmenter la sensibilité de la surveillance de pression de ligne, le débit volumique dans le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel est limité, ou en ce que, pendant le processus de surveillance, le débit volumique dans le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel est réglé.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le procédé est mis en oeuvre dans un premier état de fonctionnement du système d'énergie (10), dans lequel le système d'énergie (10) est au repos, dans lequel le débit volumique dans le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel est nul.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le procédé est mis en oeuvre dans au moins un second état de fonctionnement du système d'énergie (10) dans lequel le système d'énergie (10) est dans l'état de fonctionnement dans lequel le débit volumique dans le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel est supérieur à zéro.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que, lorsqu'il est déterminé, sur la base de l'évaluation, que le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel présente une fuite, le débit volumétrique dans le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel est arrêté, ou le débit du débit volumétrique dans le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel est limité.
  10. Système d'énergie (10) présentant un premier appareil de source d'énergie (21) et un premier appareil de dissipation d'énergie (22) agencés sur un premier côté (43) d'un segment de ligne (40a) utilisé de manière bidirectionnelle d'un appareil de ligne de connexion (40), et présentant en outre un second appareil de source d'énergie (31) et un second appareil de dissipation d'énergie (32), qui sont agencés sur un second côté (44) du segment de ligne (40a) utilisé de manière bidirectionnelle de l'appareil de ligne de connexion (40), présentant en outre deux appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51) qui sont spatialement séparés l'un de l'autre dans le segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel, et qui sont prévus de manière à pouvoir détecter une première pression (P1) et une seconde pression (P2) régnant aux endroits des appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51), et présentant en outre un appareil qui peut être connecté par une interface (61, 62) au moins temporairement aux deux appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51), qui est prévu de telle sorte qu'il est en mesure d'évaluer les première et seconde pressions (P1, P2) détectées ou déterminées par les appareils de mesure de pression (50, 51) et de vérifier la pression de ligne sur la base de l'évaluation.
  11. Système énergétique selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente des moyens pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10.
  12. Système énergétique selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que le premier appareil de source d'énergie (21) est conçu comme un appareil d'électrolyse pour la production d'hydrogène et/ou en ce que le premier appareil de puits d'énergie (22) est conçu comme un appareil de pile à combustible et/ou en ce que le second appareil de source d'énergie (31) est conçu comme un appareil de stockage à haute pression pour le stockage d'hydrogène et/ou en ce que le second appareil de puits d'énergie (32) est conçu comme un appareil de stockage à moyenne pression pour le stockage intermédiaire d'hydrogène.
  13. Système énergétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le premier appareil de source d'énergie (21) et/ou le premier appareil de réduction d'énergie (22) sont connectés à l'appareil de ligne de connexion (40) par l'intermédiaire d'un appareil de vanne (23, 24).
  14. Système d'énergie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'un appareil de vanne est agencé dans un segment de ligne de l'appareil de ligne de connexion (40) s'étendant entre une seconde extrémité (42) du segment de ligne (40a) bidirectionnel et le second appareil de dissipation d'énergie (32).
  15. Système d'énergie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'un appareil de vanne (35) et/ou un appareil de détente (36) et/ou un appareil de limitation de débit (37) est/sont agencé(s) dans un segment de ligne de l'appareil de ligne de connexion (40) s'étendant entre une seconde extrémité (42) du segment de ligne bidirectionnel (40a) et le second appareil de source d'énergie (31).
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DE102021127391A1 (de) 2021-10-21 2023-04-27 Westnetz Gmbh Wasserstoffnetzsystem
CN115976572B (zh) * 2022-12-22 2023-08-08 北京科技大学 电解槽气体纯度控制方法、系统、装置及存储介质
CN115875614B (zh) * 2023-02-23 2023-06-06 山东拙诚智能科技有限公司 通过介质压力扰动信号检测燃气管路泄漏的装置和方法

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US20220069324A1 (en) 2022-03-03
US11894587B2 (en) 2024-02-06
CN113412345B (zh) 2024-05-03
EP3899096C0 (fr) 2023-08-23

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