EP3895314A1 - Anordnung für ein fahrzeug - Google Patents
Anordnung für ein fahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP3895314A1 EP3895314A1 EP19820736.7A EP19820736A EP3895314A1 EP 3895314 A1 EP3895314 A1 EP 3895314A1 EP 19820736 A EP19820736 A EP 19820736A EP 3895314 A1 EP3895314 A1 EP 3895314A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- arrangement
- signal
- control
- sensor element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
- G08C19/02—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage
- G08C19/10—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage using variable capacitance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/96071—Capacitive touch switches characterised by the detection principle
- H03K2217/960725—Charge-transfer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arrangement for a vehicle.
- the invention further relates to a system and a method.
- a variable capacitance can be provided by means of a sensor element, such as a sensor electrode, which is specific for changes in the surroundings of the sensor element. This enables changes in the environment to be detected capacitively.
- a capacitive detection can be used to detect approaches and / or gestures and thus to activate functions on the vehicle.
- the capacitive detection is often based on the fact that the sensor element is evaluated by means of a charge transfer. The shifting of electrical charges can, however, cause disruptive emissions (interference effects of the sensor element on the environment). In addition, disturbing influences from the environment (immissions on the sensor) can impair the detection.
- the object is achieved in particular by an arrangement for a vehicle for the detection of an activation action in order to activate a function on the vehicle, in particular for the detection of an activation action in a front, and / or side and / or rear area of the vehicle for the activation of an opening and / or unlocking a flap (each as the function) on the vehicle.
- the arrangement according to the invention can also be arranged in the front, and / or side and / or rear area of the vehicle, preferably outside an interior and / or passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- An arrangement according to the invention can have at least the following components, which are connected in particular to a circuit board of the arrangement:
- At least one sensor element (such as a sensor electrode) for detecting a change, in particular an approach by an activation means, in an environment of the sensor element,
- an (electronic) signal generator arrangement (such as a signal generator) for providing a control signal (such as an electrical voltage) for electrical control of the sensor element, preferably for initiating charge transfers on the sensor element,
- an (electronic) evaluation arrangement for the repeated determination of at least one sensor element specific parameter for the detection (such as one Sensor capacity) based on an (electrical) sensor signal (such as an electrical voltage or an electrical current) in order to carry out the detection of the activation action,
- an (electronic) sensor control arrangement which is electrically connected to the sensor element, e.g. B. is electrically connected via a switching element, an (electronic) transmission element of the sensor control arrangement, which is electrically connected to the signal generator arrangement in order to initiate repeated charge transfers at the sensor element on the basis of the control signal,
- an (electronic) amplification means of the sensor control arrangement which is electrically connected to the evaluation arrangement in order to provide the sensor signal on the basis of the charge transfers.
- the control signal has a predetermined operating frequency (with a limited frequency spectrum, for example as a sinusoidal form), so that the charge transfers are initiated with this operating frequency.
- the control signal is thus suitable for adapting an emission by the sensor element on the basis of the charge transfers and for limiting it only to an operating frequency range.
- the provision of the sensor signal via the amplifying means can be advantageous.
- the sensor control arrangement therefore represents an intermediate stage in order to provide the control only indirectly on the sensor element via the control signal and the evaluation only indirectly on the sensor element by means of the sensor signal.
- the particularly advantageous use of an operational amplifier as a transmission element can have the effect that interference has only a slight influence on the evaluation and / or control, and in particular the working frequency is maintained very precisely during the evaluation and control.
- a low-impedance sensor supply that is as load-independent as possible can also be made possible.
- the arrangement of the transmission element and the reinforcing means enables an advantageous filter and, in particular, low-pass behavior of the sensor control arrangement to be provided. This makes it bothersome To compensate for frequencies (e.g. via a capacitor voltage of a capacitor of the amplifying means), and thus to achieve a noise reduction in the sensor signal. This can significantly improve the interference frequency behavior.
- the vehicle is designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a hybrid vehicle or as an electric vehicle, preferably with a high-voltage electrical system and / or an electric motor. It may also be possible for the vehicle to be designed as a fuel cell vehicle and / or passenger vehicle and / or semi-autonomous or autonomous vehicle.
- the vehicle has a security system, which, for. B. enables communication by communication with an identification transmitter (ID transmitter). Depending on the communication and / or the authentication, at least one function of the vehicle can be activated. If the authentication of the ID transmitter is necessary for this, the function can be a safety-relevant function, such as unlocking the vehicle and / or enabling an engine start.
- ID transmitter identification transmitter
- the function can be a safety-relevant function, such as unlocking the vehicle and / or enabling an engine start.
- the security system can thus also be designed as a passive access system which initiates the authentication and / or the activation of the function upon detection of the approach of the ID transmitter to the vehicle without active manual actuation of the ID transmitter.
- a wake-up signal is repeatedly sent out by the security system, which can be received by the ID transmitter when approaching, and then triggers the authentication.
- the function can also relate to activation of vehicle lighting and / or actuation (opening and / or closing) of a flap (e.g. front or rear or side flap or door). E.g. the vehicle lighting is automatically activated when the approach is detected and / or the flap is actuated when a gesture of a user is detected.
- an activation action is detected by an arrangement according to the invention.
- this can be an activation action outside the vehicle (which therefore does not take place in the vehicle interior).
- the environment of the sensor element in which the change is detected can be outside the vehicle.
- the arrangement according to the invention can be triggered by the arrangement (in particular by a control device) and / or the authentication can be initiated.
- the activation act it can be e.g. B. the approach and / or the gesture, which is carried out by means of the activating agent.
- the activation means or the activation action can advantageously also be detected if the activation means is a non-electronic object (and therefore also not an ID transmitter).
- the activating agent can be designed as a non-electrical and / or non-metallic and / or biological substance, such as. B. a body part of a user.
- the use of a capacitive detection for the detection of the activation action is therefore particularly advantageous, since this does not require any special precautions on the activation agent.
- An arrangement according to the invention is advantageously designed as an electronic circuit (circuit arrangement) and has electronic components which are at least partially arranged on a printed circuit board and can be connected to one another via electrical conductor tracks. At least one of these components can also be designed as an integrated circuit (such as a control device in the form of a microcontroller). Some of the components can also be designed as SMD (surface-mounted device) components.
- the sensor element can be electrically conductive, for. B. may be formed as a conductor track or as a flat electrode on the circuit board, or also connected to the circuit board via a supply line (such as an electrical line).
- the sensor element is designed, for example, as part of a cable (such as a coaxial cable), as a flat electrode or as an elongated conductor.
- the sensor element can also be understood as a capacitive antenna, since the sensor element provides a variable sensor capacitance.
- the variable sensor capacitance can optionally also be provided by a plurality of sensor elements which are operated simultaneously or alternately.
- the circuit board and / or the sensor element is, for. B. integrated in a door handle or in a bumper.
- the sensor element can be arranged in such a way that the arrangement of the sensor element defines a detection area for the activation action.
- the sensor element in an arrangement according to the invention, it is possible for the sensor element to be designed as a sensor electrode to include the parameter specific for the detection as one Provide variable capacitance (also referred to as sensor capacitance), the change in capacitance being specific for the change in the surroundings of the sensor element.
- At least one shield element can in turn serve to shield a change in a region to be shielded from the sensor element, so that this change does not lead to a significant change in the capacitance.
- a control signal is used for the control of the sensor element and a sensor signal is used for the evaluation of the sensor element.
- the sensor signal can be dependent on the control signal.
- a charge transfer in the sensor element can also depend on the control signal, since, for. B. an electrical voltage on the sensor element follows the control signal (or corresponds to the electrical voltage of the control signal).
- the sensor signal and / or the charge transfers in the sensor element essentially
- control signal has the same signal shape as the control signal, preferably a sinusoidal shape and / or a periodic oscillating shape, and / or
- the sensor signal is present as alternating current (or alternating voltage) at least after (or by) filtering an evaluation filter arrangement. Filtering by the evaluation filter arrangement can therefore also be carried out as bandpass filtering.
- the control signal can be filtered, in particular by the filter arrangement, as low-pass filtering in order to maintain a DC voltage component in the control signal.
- the evaluation filter arrangement is designed to carry out a transconductance conversion of the sensor signal as an alternative or in addition to the bandpass filtering.
- a transconductance conversion is understood in particular to mean that an electrical voltage is converted into an electrical current which is proportional and preferably the same.
- this can correspond to the function of a transconductance amplifier, possibly with an amplification factor (proportionality factor) of at most 1.
- the evaluation filter arrangement cannot have an operational amplifier, but rather the transconductance conversion by means of the complex resistor and in particular through the connection in series with the virtual one Achieve zero.
- the frequency of the sensor signal (as a periodic signal) can be dependent on an operating frequency, ie in particular the frequency of the control signal at the output of a filter arrangement of the control arrangement.
- a single working frequency can advantageously be used for the entire arrangement according to the invention both for the control and for the evaluation, in particular capacitive sensor evaluation, of the sensor element in order to carry out the control and evaluation of the sensor element with a predetermined working frequency range.
- filtering is used in particular in the electrical control (by the filter arrangement) and in the evaluation (by an evaluation filter arrangement), the filtering being adapted to the working frequency (e.g. forming a low and / or bandpass to pass the working frequency range ).
- the sensor signal can also be adapted in accordance with the control signal.
- the sensor signal can be specific for the charge transfers and nevertheless has the set properties.
- z. B. uses a (the) sensor control arrangement, which outputs the control signal as a function of the charge transfers (and thus the sensor capacitance of the sensor element) as the sensor signal. This is e.g. B. through use of an operational amplifier in the sensor control arrangement possible, which has negative feedback by means of a capacitor.
- the memory arrangement can preferably be designed as an electronic integrator, in particular in order to accumulate received charges. Preferably, several charge transfers after several charges and discharges of the sensor element can be used to charge the memory arrangement.
- the voltage follower can be provided by a circuit in which an impedance is converted using electrical energy, in particular with a voltage amplification of (essentially) 1.
- the voltage follower can be designed to load the control signal as an input voltage as little as possible and at the same time generate a voltage that can withstand higher loads (i.e. the output signal), which is the same as the input voltage. This has the advantage that the charge transfers can be controlled in a particularly reliable and interference-free manner.
- the voltage follower can also increase the voltage.
- the sensor control arrangement provides a voltage follower through the transmission element in order to output a low-resistance electrical output signal at the sensor element via a first connection to initiate the charge transfers, preferably in order to provide the electrical control and / or the charge transfers as a load-independent, low-resistance sensor supply for the sensor element. and preferably around the electrical output signal dependent, in particular the same and / or with an amplification factor of 1, to generate the control signal.
- the sensor control arrangement has an arrangement of the transmission element and the reinforcing means.
- This arrangement is, for example, an interconnection of the transmission element and the reinforcement means, in which the reinforcement means in particular serves as negative feedback for the transmission element.
- the arrangement is designed to provide an electronic amplifier in order to provide (in particular output) the sensor signal through the amplifier using the charge transfers, preferably to convert an electrical voltage at the sensor element into the sensor signal in the form of one of the charge transfers and / or the parameter (such as the sensor capacitance) dependent electrical voltage.
- the electrical voltage at the sensor element that is to say in particular the output signal, can be amplified, for example depending on the charge transfers, in order to generate this amplified signal as the sensor signal. This significantly simplifies the evaluation (e.g. using a control device).
- the use of an operational amplifier or the like as a transmission element also provides a sensor signal, the evaluation of which does not lead to the stress on the voltage on the sensor element.
- the parameter of the sensor element specific for the detection is a variable sensor capacitance which is provided (in particular designed) by the sensor element.
- the sensor control arrangement can have an arrangement of the transmission element and the amplification means in order to provide an electronic amplifier in order to generate the sensor signal in the form of an electrical voltage which is dependent on the sensor capacitance, in particular proportional, using the charge transfers.
- This enables a simplified evaluation z. B. by a control device.
- the proportional (linear) dependency has the advantage that the evaluation can have a lower complexity, which can thus be implemented in a more energy-efficient manner.
- the sensor control arrangement has an arrangement of the transmission element and the amplification means in order to provide the sensor signal with an amplification.
- the sensor signal can be dependent on, and preferably be proportional to, an electrical voltage at a (first and / or third) connection of the sensor control arrangement, amplified by an amplification factor.
- the first connection is, for example, electrically connected to the sensor element via directly or via a switching element. It is the electrical voltage z. B. the electrical output signal at the sensor element, which causes the charge transfers.
- this electrical voltage can also be the control signal. The reason for this is that the output signal is advantageously generated by the sensor control device in accordance with the control signal.
- the amplification factor can be dependent (in particular due to the charge transfers) and preferably be proportional to a ratio of the parameter specific for the detection of the sensor element to the amplification means, that is to say in particular to a measuring capacity of a Capacitor of the reinforcing agent.
- the amplification of the electrical voltage or the output signal (which may correspond to the control signal with regard to amplitude and signal shape) is specific to the parameter.
- the sensor signal corresponds to e.g. B. this electrical voltage (or the output signal) multiplied by the gain. This enables a technically particularly reliable evaluation.
- the transmission element is designed as an electronic amplification element, preferably as an operational amplifier, which is coupled to the amplification means in order to provide the sensor signal.
- the negative feedback corresponds in particular to the arrangement of the transmission element and the amplification means for providing the sensor signal. In this way, the sensor signal can be provided independently of a load on the voltage on the sensor signal, and / or vice versa.
- the reinforcement means filter behavior of the sensor control arrangement (at least partially and possibly in the Connection with the sensor element, or the sensor capacitance) defined, which is particularly adapted to the electrical control.
- the filter behavior makes it possible to filter out frequencies outside a working frequency range and thus reduce susceptibility to interference.
- the reinforcing means can have at least one filter element which, when connected to the transmission element and / or the sensor element, effects the filter behavior.
- the adaptation can take place, for example, by allowing an operating frequency of the control signal of the electrical control to pass through during the filtering.
- the amplification means has at least one filter element (such as a capacitor and / or resistor and / or a coil), which is particularly adapted to the electrical control, preferably to a frequency (operating frequency) of the control signal, by a to provide matched filter behavior and / or an operating frequency range and / or to provide a linear amplification behavior for the sensor signal in the operating frequency range.
- the amplification means in the connection with the transmission element can form an electronic amplifier and / or regulated capacitive voltage multiplier in order to provide the sensor signal.
- the amplification behavior advantageously relates to the provision of the amplification factor when the sensor signal is generated.
- the gain factor and thus the amplitude of the sensor signal can, for. B. be dependent on the parameter, in particular the sensor capacity.
- a linear gain behavior, in particular a proportional dependency can enable a simplified evaluation.
- the parameter of the sensor element specific for the detection is a variable sensor capacitance, which is provided by the sensor element.
- the amplification means can have at least one filter element in order to provide, in cooperation with the sensor element and in particular the sensor capacitance, a filter and, in particular, bandpass behavior that is adapted to the electrical control, in order to preferably adapt the provision of the sensor signal to the electrical control, preferably to set a working frequency range .
- the filter behavior and in particular the bandpass behavior can be determined by a highpass behavior (in interaction with the Sensor element or the sensor capacitance) and a low-pass behavior (via the filter element). This has the advantage that a free choice of the working frequency range is possible. This enables z. B. a flexible adaptation to EMC conditions.
- the sensor control arrangement is designed to convert an electrical voltage at a first connection or third connection of the sensor control arrangement, in particular the output signal at the sensor element, into the sensor signal in the form of an electrical voltage proportional to it at a second connection of the sensor control arrangement .
- the sensor control arrangement can provide electronic amplification for the conversion, which is dependent on the amplification means and / or the specific parameters of the sensor element for the detection.
- the transmission element z. B designed as an electronic amplifier and in particular operational amplifier.
- the amplification means has at least one filter element a capacitor and / or a resistor in order to provide a filter behavior, preferably in order to provide a capacitive amplifier and / or voltage follower and / or voltage multiplier for the provision of the sensor signal. This makes it possible to filter out disturbing immissions for the sensor signal in order to improve an evaluation of the sensor element.
- the parameter of the sensor element specific for the detection is a variable sensor capacitance, which is provided by the sensor element.
- the amplification means can have, as at least one filter element, a capacitor and / or a resistor, the capacitor and / or the resistor being adapted to a maximum variable sensor capacitance and / or to a working frequency of the electrical control, in particular the frequency of the control signal the filter element provides a filter behavior of the sensor control arrangement, preferably a low-pass behavior, and / or the sensor signal is generated linearly depending on and / or proportional to the sensor capacitance.
- the adjustment has the advantage that a frequency-dependent gain behavior of the sensor control arrangement can be significantly reduced.
- the maximum changeable sensor capacity is, for example, the capacity which the sensor capacity can maximally assume during the activation action.
- the amplifying means has at least one filter element a capacitor and / or a resistor, the capacitor and / or the resistor being adapted to a maximum variable sensor capacitance.
- a measuring capacitance of the capacitor can correspond to the maximum variable sensor capacitance.
- the capacitor can be designed for negative feedback in the transmission element (in particular operational amplifier) of the sensor control arrangement, and thus can preferably form a feedback capacitor.
- the output of the transmission element and in particular the output to which the sensor signal is present can be fed back to an input of the transmission element via the capacitor.
- this input can be connected directly to the connection to which the sensor element is connected (possibly via a switching element), and thus the output signal or an electrical voltage of the sensor element is present.
- the output signal can be generated via a direct negative feedback corresponding to the control signal (follow this).
- the control signal or output signal can be amplified in this way depending on the charge transfers (initiated by the output signal) on the sensor element (with an amplification factor dependent thereon) and can be output as amplified as the sensor signal.
- the parameter of the sensor element specific for the detection is a variable sensor capacitance, which is provided by the sensor element, the amplifying means defining a dynamic range during the detection, and preferably a measuring capacity for a maximum dynamic range of a capacitor of the amplifying means corresponds to a maximum variable sensor capacitance.
- the measuring capacitance of the capacitor is chosen such that it corresponds to the maximum variable sensor capacitance.
- the maximum variable sensor capacity is, for example Capacity that the sensor capacity can assume to a maximum during the activation action.
- the reinforcing agent can provide z. B. form the negative feedback for the transmission element to provide the sensor signal for the detection depending on a voltage and charge transfer to the sensor element.
- the dynamic range may determine the resolution during the acquisition.
- the parameter of the sensor element specific for the detection is designed as a variable sensor capacitance, the change in the sensor capacitance being specific for the change in the environment. Furthermore, at least one filter element
- Sensor control arrangement have a capacitor with a measuring capacitance to output the sensor signal by the sensor control arrangement depending on the (current) sensor capacitance and the (in particular fixed) measuring capacitance, preferably as an amplified signal according to an amplification factor, the
- Gain factor correlated with a ratio of the (current) sensor capacity to the measuring capacity.
- the drive signal is amplified by the amplification factor in order to output the sensor signal as the amplified signal. This enables a particularly reliable evaluation of the sensor element.
- the evaluation includes e.g. B. an assessment of the change by a control device.
- Sensor electrode is designed to provide the parameter specific for the detection as a variable capacitance, in particular the change in the capacitance being specific to the change in the environment, the arrangement (according to the invention) preferably being designed to repeatedly charge a battery for repeated determination Memory arrangement, in particular an integrator, the
- Initiate evaluation arrangement as a function of the sensor signal, so that the electrical charge stored by the storage arrangement is specific for the change in capacitance.
- further charge transfers to the memory arrangement can be carried out on the basis of the charge transfers on the sensor element.
- the sensor control arrangement By using the sensor control arrangement, these can be as proportional as possible to the charge transfers on the sensor element and / or to the charge stored in the sensor element and / or to the change in the sensor capacity. It is possible that in the way the charge transfers on the sensor element are caused by the control signal or the output signal, the sensor signal also causes the charge transfers to charge the storage arrangement.
- a control device such as a microcontroller
- a memory arrangement of the evaluation arrangement in order to evaluate an electrical charge stored by the memory arrangement in order to determine the parameter specific for the detection, preferably by an analog-digital conversion of a Tension in the storage arrangement.
- the voltage of the storage arrangement can be proportional to a charge stored in a capacitor of the storage arrangement according to a storage capacity. This enables a reliable evaluation.
- a memory arrangement of the evaluation arrangement is electrically connected to the sensor control arrangement via an evaluation filter arrangement in order to filter the sensor signal through the evaluation filter arrangement and / or to convert it into a current signal, preferably by means of a transconductance conversion, to be output to the memory arrangement.
- the filtering (especially in the form of a bandpass filtering) has the advantage that interference is significantly reduced.
- a sine signal has the advantage that only a small frequency range is used. Frequencies that go beyond this, in particular interference frequencies that cause noise, can therefore be suppressed. Accordingly, the sensor signal can also only occupy a small frequency range in order to improve the evaluation.
- an evaluation filter arrangement is provided for filtering the sensor signal, the filter behavior of the evaluation filter arrangement preferably being adapted to the electrical control and / or to EMC conditions, and preferably with the filter behavior of the sensor control arrangement, which is provided by the amplifying means is set, is correlated. The same working frequency range is thus maintained for the evaluation and control.
- the arrangement as a capacitive sensor arrangement is at least partially integrated in a bumper of the vehicle in order to monitor the front and / or rear area of the vehicle, and in particular to function as the function on the vehicle the front and / or tailgate to open the vehicle, in particular to initiate an output of an opening signal and / or an authentication check. This enables comfortable access to the vehicle.
- the arrangement is designed to repeatedly charge and discharge the sensor element by electrically actuating the sensor element, and thereby to carry out the charge transfers to determine the at least one parameter of the sensor element that is specific to the detection.
- a storage arrangement can also be charged using the charge transfers.
- a control device in particular at least one microcontroller, can be electrically connected to the signal generator arrangement in order to initiate the electrical activation in the signal generator arrangement and / or can be electrically connected to the memory arrangement in order to determine the quantity of those stored in the memory arrangement and / or after several Charge transfers to evaluate accumulated charge.
- the detection can also be carried out on the basis of the evaluation, preferably in order to output an activation signal for activating the function on the vehicle when the amount of charge exceeds a limit value. This provides a particularly reliable way of detecting the activation action.
- the invention also relates to a system comprising:
- control device for outputting an activation signal in the event of detection of the activation action (by the arrangement according to the invention, the control device being connected to the arrangement according to the invention for this purpose),
- control unit which is connected to the control device (in particular in terms of signal technology) in order to perform the function on the vehicle when the activation signal is received.
- the invention also relates to a method for a vehicle for detecting an activation action for activating a function on the vehicle, in particular in a front, side and / or rear area of the vehicle for activating an opening and / or unlocking of a flap on the vehicle.
- the method according to the invention thus brings with it the same advantages as have been described in detail with reference to an arrangement according to the invention.
- the method can be suitable for operating an arrangement according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a rear area of a vehicle with an arrangement and a system according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a vehicle with an arrangement according to the invention and a system according to the invention
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of parts of an inventive
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of parts of an inventive
- Figure 5 is a schematic representation of parts of an inventive
- Figure 6 is a schematic representation of parts of an inventive
- Figure 7 is a schematic representation for the visualization of an inventive
- FIG. 1 shows a view of a rear area 1.2 of a vehicle 1 with a system according to the invention.
- An arrangement 10 according to the invention can be integrated in a bumper 1.1 of the vehicle 1 in order to detect an activation action by an activation means 3 (such as a leg 3) of a user 2 in the area of the bumper 1.1.
- the arrangement 10 has a sensor element 20, which can be designed, for example, as an elongated and / or cable-shaped electrode 20 or as a flat electrode 20 (ie flat electrode) or as a capacitive antenna. It is also possible that a cable, such as a coaxial cable, is used to form the sensor element 20.
- a detection of the activation action can lead to a tailgate 1.3 of the Vehicle 1 is opened.
- the arrangement 10 can have a signal connection to a control unit 8 of the vehicle 1 in order to output an activation signal to the control unit 8 via the signal connection, which initiates the opening of the tailgate 1.3.
- Successful authentication with an identification transmitter 5 may be required for the opening.
- a flap in the front area 1.7 and / or in the side area 1.4 of the vehicle can also be activated by an arrangement 10 according to the invention .
- B. is integrated in the door handle 1.5 or also in the bumper 1.1.
- a vehicle 1 is shown schematically in a side view.
- the 1.4 and / or the front area 1.7 of the vehicle 1 may have an arrangement 10 according to the invention as an alternative or in addition to the rear area 1.2.
- the sensor element 20 is integrated in the side area 1.4 in a door handle 1.5 of the vehicle in order to detect the activation action in the area of the door handle 1.5.
- an approach to the sensor element 20 can be detected by the arrangement 10 in the side region 1.4 as an activation action.
- This activation action can involve an activation means 3 (such as a hand) reaching into a door handle recess of the door handle
- the arrangement of the sensor element 20 in the front region 1.7 can in turn be provided in the bumper 1.1 in order to, for. B. when detecting the activation action in the front area 1.7 to open a front flap.
- Another possible function that can be activated by an activation action can be the opening of sliding doors of the vehicle 1.
- the activation action can include an approach to the sensor element 20 or a gesture or the like.
- at least one further sensor element 20 ′ can be provided and arranged adjacent to the sensor element 20.
- a shield element 160 for shielding can also be arranged adjacent to the sensor element 20 and / or further sensor element 20 '. In Figure 1, this arrangement is shown as an example in the bumper 1.1.
- FIG. 3 shows an arrangement 10 according to the invention for a vehicle 1 which is used to detect an activation action for the activation of a function on the vehicle 1, in particular as described in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2 for detecting the activation action in a front, side and / or Rear area 1.7, 1.4, 1.2 of vehicle 1 for activating an opening and / or unlocking of a flap 1.3, 1.6 on vehicle 1.
- the arrangement 10 according to the invention can have at least one sensor element 20 for detecting a change in an environment of the sensor element 20. This change is caused, for example, by the activation action, for example an approach by an activation means 3.
- the sensor element 20 can be an electrical conductor, such as an electrically conductive surface (in particular when the arrangement 10 is installed in the door handle 1.5) or an elongated electrode (in particular when mounting in the bumper 1.1).
- the sensitivity of the sensor element 20 to changes in the environment and thus to the activation action can be explained in a simplified manner, for example, as follows.
- the sensor element 20 can form a capacitance (hereinafter also referred to as sensor capacitance CS).
- sensor capacitance CS By generating an electrical potential (by means of an electrical control described below) on the sensor element 20, an electrical field can arise in the environment.
- the sensor capacity CS is influenced by the change in the environment and is therefore variable. In other words, the change in the sensor capacitance CS correlates with the change in the environment, ie the presence of an activation action.
- variable capacitance CS can be evaluated in particular by evaluating the amount of charge stored in the sensor element 20 and can draw conclusions about the change in the environment, and thus serve to detect the activation action.
- carrying out charge transfers from and to the sensor element 20 is particularly suitable for providing a sensor signal on the basis of the charge transfers (such as the amount of charge transferred and / or the current intensity and / or voltage that can be detected), which can be evaluated for the determination of the variable capacitance CS .
- a control arrangement 100 (in the sense of a control arrangement 100) can be used to carry out the electrical control.
- the control arrangement 100 can be electrically connected to the sensor element 20 for the electrical control of the sensor element 20 via a control path KP in order to provide (ie enable) the detection. Due to the electrical control z.
- the electrical connection can, for. B. can be realized by means of an electrical connection via conductor tracks of a circuit board.
- the arrangement 10 according to the invention can be arranged at least in part on this printed circuit board as an electrical circuit.
- the sensor element 20 and / or the further sensor element 20 'and / or the at least one shield element 160 can be electrically connected to the control arrangement 100 of the arrangement 10 via conductor tracks via an electrical connection of the printed circuit board, or can itself be designed as a conductor track.
- the detection is provided, for example, in that an electrical potential is generated by the control arrangement 100 on the sensor element 20 in order to charge the sensor element 20.
- B. allows the evaluation of the variable capacity CS. It can also be a changing potential, so that an electrical voltage on the sensor element 20 z. B. is generated as a periodic and / or sinusoidal voltage. The polarity of this voltage can remain the same, that is, it cannot be an AC voltage, so that only repeated partial charging and discharging of the sensor element 20 is effected.
- an evaluation arrangement 200 is provided, which carries out a repeated determination of at least one parameter of the sensor element 20 which is specific for the detection, in order to carry out the detection of the activation action.
- the variable capacitance CS is regarded as this parameter.
- At least one shield element 160 is provided, which is arranged adjacent to the sensor element 20 to shield the sensor element 20 (and thus in the effective range).
- a shield control arrangement 150 with a connection 150.A is provided for the shield element 160.
- the shield control arrangement 150 can be provided via a shield control input 150.B to provide the electrical (previously described) Activation of the control arrangement 100 for the shield element 160 can be electrically connected to the control path KP and thus also to the shield element 160.
- the shield control arrangement 150 can provide the same electrical control for the shield element 160 that is also used for the sensor element 20.
- an electrical output voltage at the output 150.A of the shield control arrangement 150 which is electrically connected to the shield element 160, follows an input voltage at the input 150.B of the shield control arrangement 150, which in turn is electrically connected to the control path KP and thus also to the sensor element 20 is connected.
- the same control signal can be used for the sensor element 20 and for the shield element 160 in order to set the potential on the sensor element 20 and on the shield element 160 in the same way by means of the control signal.
- a connection point on the control path KP can be used to connect the shield control arrangement 150 to the control path KP.
- Various positions on the control path KP come into question, e.g. B. directly on the current path to the sensor element 20 or between a filter arrangement 140 and a sensor control arrangement 170.
- FIG. 3 two possible connection points of the shield control input 150.B with the shield control arrangement 150 are shown by way of example and not conclusively with a dashed line.
- the control signal which is output by the filter arrangement 140 can be used to set the potential on the shield element 160.
- the connection point directly on the current path to the sensor element 20 the (essentially) the same potential that is present on the sensor element 20 is used to set the potential on the shield element 160.
- the shield control arrangement 150 can have an operational amplifier 150.1 for electrically guiding the shield element 160. This can be used to connect the control path KP to the shield element 160 and thus to generate the output voltage (also referred to as shield voltage) on the shield element 160 equal to the input voltage on the control path KP.
- the Input voltage corresponds to a control voltage which is specific and / or proportional to the electrical voltage at sensor element 20.
- the shield control arrangement 150 can preferably form a voltage follower so that an electrical potential on the shield element 160 follows the electrical potential on the control path KP and in particular on the sensor element 20. Accordingly, it can be a direct one
- Negative feedback of the operational amplifier 150.1 can be provided in order to obtain an amplification factor of 1.
- the shield control input 150.B can be (directly) electrically connected to the positive (non-inverting, high-resistance) input of the operational amplifier 150.1, so that the input resistance of the shield control input 150.B is very large in order to only slightly load the voltage at the shield control input 150.B. .
- the shield element connection 150.A can be (directly) electrically connected to the output of the operational amplifier 150.1 and, due to the negative feedback, possibly also to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 150.1, in order to provide an output which is low-impedance compared to the input resistance.
- control arrangement 100 is a
- Signal generator arrangement 130 which is electrically connected to the electrical control of the sensor element 20 with the sensor element 20 to repeatedly generate an electrical signal for charging the sensor element 20.
- This electrical signal also referred to below as a control signal, can serve for the described electrical control, and thus for the sensor element 20, possibly also for the further sensor element 20 ', and in particular also for the at least one shield element 160 for setting the electrical potential and / or be provided for electrical charging and discharging. This provision is made, for. B. by the transmission of the electrical signal over at least part of the control path KP to one
- Sensor control arrangement 170 and / or to a shield control arrangement 150 The generation of the activation signal by the signal generator arrangement 130 thus has the effect that the activation signal (possibly previously changed, in particular filtered) is present at the connection 170.C.
- the sensor control arrangement 170 and / or the shield control arrangement 150 can in turn be used to control the sensor element 20, the further sensor element 20 ′ and / or the shield element 160 on the basis of the control signal.
- a charge transfer (charging and / or discharging) in the sensor element 20 or the further sensor element 20 ′ and / or the shield element is carried out on the basis of the control signal 160 initiated (and thus also initiated the creation of an electric field).
- the evaluation of the amount of the transferred charge can enable an evaluation of the variable sensor capacitance CS.
- the time course of this charge transfer can be influenced by the shaping of the electrical signal.
- the signal generator arrangement 130 z. B. a digital-to-analog converter 130.1, which can also be implemented as part of a control device 300 such as a microcontroller.
- a certain signal form of the control signal can thus be determined very reliably and precisely.
- This signal shape can optionally be further shaped and / or improved by subsequent filtering, so that the control signal subsequently has, for example, a sinusoidal shape according to an operating frequency.
- the control arrangement 100 can therefore have a filter arrangement 140, in particular an active filter 140 and / or a low-pass filter.
- this can be connected downstream of the signal generator arrangement 130 in order to filter the control signal for the electrical control of the sensor element 20 via the control path KP to the sensor control arrangement 170, in particular by low-pass filtering.
- the control signal can be shaped with a specific operating frequency, so that an emission of the sensor element 20 by the filter arrangement 140 is preferably adapted.
- EMC electromagnettic compatibility
- control arrangement 100 can have a filter arrangement 140, in particular an active filter 140, which connects the signal generator arrangement 130 to the control path KP in order to filter, in particular low-pass filtered, and / or shaped an electrical signal generated by the signal generator arrangement 130 on the control path KP to provide, and thereby to provide as a filtered electrical signal, preferably a sine signal.
- Active filtering is preferably made possible by an operational amplifier 140.1 and by filter elements 140.2 such as a capacitor.
- the electrical signal (control signal) on the control path KP and in particular on the connection 170.C can now optionally be output to the sensor element 20 via further components such as the sensor control arrangement 170 and via a switching element 180 (possibly via a connection 180.A).
- the switching element 180 can be opened clocked and then again getting closed.
- the sensor control arrangement 170 can have an amplifier and / or a voltage follower and / or a voltage multiplier in order to generate an electrical potential at the connection 170.C in the same way on the sensor element 20, preferably so that the electrical potential at the sensor element 20 corresponds to the electrical potential at the connection 170 .C follows.
- the sensor control arrangement 170 z. B. an operational amplifier 170.1 and / or at least one filter element 170.2, such as a capacitor 170.2.
- the sensor control arrangement 170 can the operational amplifier 170.1 as one
- Have transmission element 170.1 which is electrically connected to the signal generator arrangement 130 in order to initiate repeated charge transfers at the sensor element 20 on the basis of the control signal (at the connection 170.C).
- This enables at least partial charging and discharging of the sensor element 20, and thus an evaluation of the charge stored in the sensor element 20.
- Sensor control arrangement 170 further comprise the at least one filter element 170.2 as a reinforcing means 170.2, which is electrically connected to the evaluation arrangement 200 (and also to the sensor element 20), and thus provides the sensor signal on the basis of the charge transfers.
- the sensor signal is specific to the (e.g. proportional to) the sensor capacitance CS.
- the sensor signal is e.g. B. specifically for the current strength of the electrical current and / or a voltage which is present at the connection 170.A, and thus specifically for the charge transfers or the sensor capacitance CS.
- the amplification means 170.2 can be electrically connected to the sensor element 20 in order to provide charge transfers (ie an electrical current flow) between the sensor element 20 and the amplification means 170.2. Furthermore, the amplification means 170.2 can electrically connect an output of the transmission element 170.1 to an (in particular inverting) first input of the transmission element 170.1, so that the amplification means 170.2 provides negative feedback for the Forms transmission element 170.1. The negative feedback enables the charge transfers to be controlled by the control signal when the control signal is present at the other (in particular non-inverting) second input of the transmission element 170.1.
- the sensor control arrangement 170 thus provides a voltage follower for the sensor element 20, so that the voltage at the (in particular low-resistance) connection 170 .A follows the control signal at (in particular high-resistance) connection 170.C.
- the sensor signal can be provided by means of the arrangement (amplifier arrangement) comprising the transmission element 170.1 and the amplification means 170.2, which can be an electronic amplifier.
- the transmission element 170.1 is preferably designed as an operational amplifier 170.1.
- the reinforcing means 170.2 has at least one or two filter elements 170.2, in which, however, a capacitor C (for example with respect to a resistor R) can dominate.
- the configuration of the arrangement comprising the transmission element 170.1 and the amplifying means 170.2 can thus also be regarded as an integrating circuit.
- the capacitor C makes it possible to provide an electronic amplifier through this arrangement, in which the sensor signal is generated in the form of an electrical voltage proportional to the sensor capacitance CS based on the charge transfers.
- the sensor control arrangement 170 has the arrangement of the transmission element 170.1 and the amplification means 170.2 in order to provide the sensor signal with an amplification.
- the sensor signal is dependent on, and is preferably proportional to, a voltage U1 at a first connection 170.A of the sensor control arrangement 170 (or at the first input of the operational amplifier 170.1), amplified by an amplification factor.
- the amplification factor can be dependent on, and preferably be proportional to, a ratio of the sensor capacitance CS to the capacitance Cmess of the capacitor C.
- the voltage U1 (the output signal) at the terminal 170.A can in turn be avoided by using the voltage follower or a direct negative feedback Control signal in the form of a voltage U0 am Essentially correspond to connection 170.C. This results in the following relationship for the sensor signal, which can be present as voltage U2 at connection 170.B of sensor control arrangement 170:
- the sensor signal U2 is amplified as a function of the variable sensor capacitance CS and the capacitance Cmess, i. H. is generated as an amplified voltage U0. Consequently, the sensor signal can be used to determine the sensor capacitance CS.
- the resistance R of the amplification means 170.2 is chosen to be as large as possible compared to (1 / (2 * TT * fO * CSmax)), with fO being the working frequency, in particular the (middle ) Frequency of the control signal, and CSmax is the maximum value of the sensor capacitance CS.
- the capacitance Cmess can, if necessary, be selected to be identical to the sensor capacitance CS, so that the resistance R of the reinforcing means 170.2 can also be chosen to be very large compared to (1 / (2 * TT * fO * Cmess)).
- the setting of Cmess consequently also enables the setting of a dynamic range when evaluating the sensor element 20.
- the arrangement of the transmission element 170.1 and the reinforcing means 170.2 in cooperation with the sensor capacitance CS provides a filter behavior (in particular bandpass behavior), which indicates the working frequency can be adjusted.
- the maximum changeable sensor capacitance CS is, for example, the capacitance (the capacitance value) that the sensor capacitance CS can maximally assume during the activation action.
- the amplifying means 170.2 has at least one filter element 140.2 a capacitor C and / or a resistor R, the capacitor C (or the capacitance Cmess of the capacitor C) and / or the resistor R to a maximum variable sensor capacitance CS is adjusted.
- the capacitance Cmess of the capacitor C can preferably correspond to the maximum variable sensor capacitance CS.
- the capacitor C can be used for negative feedback in the transmission element 170.1 (in particular operational amplifier 170.1) of the sensor control arrangement 170 be formed, and thus preferably form a feedback capacitor C. Via capacitor C, the output of transmission element 170.1 and in particular output 170.B, to which the sensor signal is present, can be fed back to an input of transmission element 170.1.
- this input can be connected directly to the connection 170.A, to which the sensor element 20 is connected (possibly via a switching element 180), and thus the output signal or an electrical voltage of the sensor element 20 is present.
- the output signal can be generated via a direct negative feedback corresponding to the control signal (follow this).
- the drive signal or the output signal can be amplified in this way depending on the charge transfers (initiated by the output signal) on the sensor element 20 (with an amplification factor dependent on the sensor capacitance), and then outputted as the sensor signal amplified at the connection 170.B.
- the charge transfer from the sensor element 20 (or the further sensor element 20 ′) to the sensor control arrangement 170 is provided in accordance with the above statements, in order to carry out this charge transfer on the basis of the sensor signal by an evaluation arrangement 200 evaluate.
- a charge transfer from the sensor element 20 to the sensor control arrangement 170 is carried out repeatedly in order to charge a storage arrangement 250, preferably an integrator 250, of the evaluation arrangement 200 depending on the amount of the charge transferred in the process.
- the memory arrangement 250 is charged as a function of, and preferably in proportion to, the sensor signal.
- the electrical charge stored by the storage arrangement 250 can be specific for the change in the capacitance CS.
- the memory arrangement 250 can e.g. B. provide a storage capacity CL by means of a storage capacitor.
- the control device 300 can be connected via a connection 250.A to the storage arrangement 250 of the evaluation arrangement 200 in order to evaluate the electrical charge stored by the storage arrangement 250 in order to determine the parameter specific for the detection.
- An evaluation signal is thus recorded and evaluated, which is specific to the parameter and / or the stored electrical charge.
- the evaluation signal can, for. B. be a voltage across a capacitor of the memory array 250.
- the shield control arrangement 150 and the sensor control arrangement 170 are electrically connected to the same signal generator arrangement 130 and the same filter arrangement 140 via the control path KP.
- an electrical signal (the control signal) generated by the signal generator arrangement 130 and / or filtered by the filter arrangement 140 is used on the control path KP both for controlling the sensor element 20 and the shield element 160, preferably with an essentially identical signal form of the signal, preferably one at least approximately sinusoidal, so that an electrical potential difference between the sensor element 20 and the shield element 160 is always minimized during the operation of the arrangement 10 during the control and / or detection.
- the shield element 160 can be designed as an active shield element 160 (so-called “active shield”) for actively shielding the sensor element 20, so that an electrical potential on the shield element 160 actively tracks the electrical potential on the sensor element 20 by means of the shield control arrangement 150.
- active shield an active shield element 160
- This load usually leads to a relatively large proportion of the evaluation signal, which is evaluated by the control device 300.
- the variable portion of the evaluation signal due to the changeable sensor capacity CS is thus reduced and can therefore only be evaluated with difficulty.
- a compensation arrangement 230 is optionally used to improve the evaluation. This branches z. B. depending on the amplitude of the evaluation signal, a part of the electrical current from the memory arrangement 250.
- the use of a shield element 160 which has the same potential for shielding as the sensor element 20, can further reduce the described difficulties in the evaluation.
- the sensor element 20 can be repeatedly charged and discharged via the first connection 170.A of the sensor control arrangement 170 by means of the charge transfers. These repeated charges and discharges can by the control signal (due to a periodically changing voltage amplitude of the Control signal) are controlled. Depending on the charge transfers, an electrical sensor signal can be output via the second connection 170.B of the sensor control arrangement 170. It is possible for the sensor signal to be electrically filtered. Correspondingly, filtering for the evaluation branch during the transmission of the sensor signal to the memory arrangement 250 can be involved, which therefore has no influence on the electrical signal of the electrical control (on the control path KP) and thus on the charging of the sensor element 20.
- an evaluation filter arrangement 210 can be used to carry out filtering (such as, for example, bandpass filtering) of the electrical sensor signal. This enables the evaluation filter arrangement 210 to filter out disturbing immissions from the surroundings of the sensor element 20.
- the evaluation filter arrangement 210 can thus provide EMC filtering of immissions.
- the evaluation filter arrangement 210 z. B. a complex resistor and additional filter elements. It is conceivable that the described form (eg sinusoidal form) of the electrical signal of the electrical control on the control path KP (ie the control signal) relates to the electrical voltage of the signal.
- the voltage of the sensor signal at connection 170.B can have the same shape, but possibly an amplified amplitude (proportional to the sensor capacitance CS).
- the evaluation filter arrangement 210 can therefore have a transconductance converter in order to carry out a transconductance conversion of the sensor signal at the connection 170.B.
- a transconductance conversion is understood to mean that a voltage is converted into a current proportional to it.
- the evaluation filter arrangement 210 can be designed and / or connected in the evaluation arrangement 200 in such a way that an electrical current is generated from the voltage of the electrical signal (sensor signal) at the second connection 170.B in the form described (e.g. sinusoidal form) with this shape at the output 210.A of the evaluation filter arrangement 210 is formed.
- the transconductance converter is e.g.
- B. designed as a transconductance amplifier (using an operational amplifier), but preferably provides the transconductance conversion without an operational amplifier due to the interconnection with the memory arrangement 250.
- This is e.g. B. possible by the circuit configuration of the evaluation filter arrangement 210 in series with the memory arrangement 250.
- the downstream components 220, 250 can have a low resistance, and / or the storage arrangement 250 z. B. at input 250.
- B have the inverting input (-) of an amplifying element, and in particular operational amplifier.
- the reinforcing element of the memory arrangement 250 can be designed such that countermeasures are initiated immediately if a voltage occurs at the input 250.
- an operational amplifier can regulate the differential voltage of its inputs to zero by means of feedback.
- the block 220 shown in FIG. 3 can relate to one or more rectifiers, and thus a rectifier arrangement 220.
- the rectifier arrangement 220 can possibly do without diodes or the like, so that essentially no (or almost no) voltage drop occurs at the rectifier arrangement 220.
- This can be implemented, for example, by performing the rectification by means of at least one electronic switch which is switched in a clocked manner. In this way, when establishing the electrical connection between the output 210.A and the input 250.B, the rectifier arrangement 220 and in particular the at least one switch can provide a virtual zero point for the input 250.B or output 210.A ( when the switch is closed).
- the output 210.A of the evaluation filter arrangement 210 can be connected to a ground potential 21.
- the switch connects the output 210.A to ground potential 21 as a changeover switch. In this way, at least approximately a ground potential can always be present at output 210.A, irrespective of the switch position of the at least one switch in the rectifier arrangement 220 Evaluation filter arrangement 210 significantly reduced.
- the rectification described can be a “coherent” rectification by the at least one rectifier.
- the at least one rectifier in each case with a predetermined clock cycle, sends the electrical signal (sensor signal) from the evaluation filter arrangement 210 to the memory arrangement 250 forwards, preferably synchronized with the electrical control. This has the effect that the sensor signal is coherently rectified to the control signal.
- each of the rectifiers can have at least one electronic switch.
- the clock can in each case be predetermined in such a way that only positive (or alternatively negative) half-waves of a respectively predetermined fundamental or harmonic of the electrical signal (e.g.
- the respective clock can therefore be synchronized with the signal generator arrangement 130 in order to be matched to the shape of the electrical signal (control signal) of the electrical control.
- the phase shift between voltage (corresponding to the electrical signal of the electrical control on the control path KP) and current (corresponding to the signal at the output 210.A of the evaluation filter arrangement 210) is taken into account in this synchronization.
- rectification can also be carried out “incoherently” using diodes.
- the rectification takes place in the form of a one-way rectification, or alternatively that both the positive and the negative half-wave of the sensor signal are used for charge transfer to the memory arrangement 250.
- a frequency of the sensor signal (as a periodic signal) is dependent on an operating frequency, ie the frequency of the control signal at the connection 170.C (or at the output of the filter arrangement 140).
- an operating frequency ie the frequency of the control signal at the connection 170.C (or at the output of the filter arrangement 140).
- a single operating frequency can be used for the entire arrangement 10 both for the activation and for the evaluation of the sensor element 20, in order to carry out the activation and evaluation of the sensor element 20 with a predetermined operating frequency range.
- filtering is used in the electrical control (by the filter arrangement 140) and in the evaluation (by the evaluation filter arrangement 210), the filtering being adapted to the working frequency (for example a low and / or bandpass to pass the working frequency range trains).
- FIG. 5 shows a possible embodiment of the arrangement 10 according to the invention when it is used with an elongated sensor element 20.
- Such a design is used, for example, when the sensor element 20 is to be used in a bumper 1.1 on a front or rear side of the vehicle 1. This makes it possible to detect a movement of the activation means 3 below the bumper 1.1 as an activation action, as is also illustrated in FIG. 6.
- a separate sensor element 20 is connected to the printed circuit board in the case of a larger detection area.
- a sensor element connection 180.A of the circuit board can be used, which provides an electrical connection to the switching element 180.
- This in turn can provide the electrical connection via the sensor control arrangement 170 and the control path KP and the filter arrangement 140 to the signal generator arrangement 130 (for charging) or via the evaluation filter arrangement 210 and the rectifier arrangement 220 to the memory arrangement 250 (for evaluation).
- the components 170, 140, 130, 210, 220, 250 mentioned can also be arranged on the circuit board.
- the printed circuit board with the components can be understood as a common component, which is referred to below as the sensor switching arrangement 400. It is optionally possible for this sensor switching arrangement 400 to be designed as an individually manageable part that can be mounted on the vehicle.
- the sensor switching arrangement 400 can be electrically connected to the sensor element 20 and possibly to at least one further sensor element 20 ′ via at least one sensor feed line 410.
- the at least one further sensor element 20 ′ can in this case optionally be connected to the sensor switching arrangement 400 via at least one further sensor feed line 410.
- the sensor switching arrangement 400 can be electrically connected to at least one shield element 160 or further shield element via a shield line 420, in particular shield feed line 420, or for the shield line 420 to form the shield element 160 (ie possibly also a further shield element).
- a coaxial cable 450 is shown schematically in FIG. 5, whose outer conductor 450.2 is used as a sensor element 20.
- the shield 450.2 of the coaxial cable 450 forms the sensor element 20.
- the sensor lead 410 can be electrically connected to the outer conductor 450.2 via the connection 180.A of the sensor switching arrangement 400.
- connection 180.A transmits the electrical signal of the electrical control, which is predefined by the signal generator arrangement 130 and / or the filter arrangement 140 (that is, generated and possibly filtered) and can also be output by a sensor control arrangement 170 at the connection 180.A.
- a shield lead 420 can be connected to a shield element 160 via a shield element connection 150.A of the sensor switching arrangement 400 (see FIG. 6), or the shield line 420 connected to the shield element connection 150.A itself the shield element 160 (or possibly also a further shield element ) form. In the latter case and shown in FIG. 5 in particular, it can be useful if the shield element 160 is operated as a passive shield element 160.
- the inner conductor 450.1 (ie the core) of the coaxial cable 450 can possibly remain disconnected.
- the shield element 160 When operating as a passive shield element 160, the shield element 160 is connected to a predetermined constant electrical potential via the shield element connection 150.A during operation (always or during the charging and / or discharging of the sensor element 20).
- the electrical potential of the shield element 160 can correspond to a ground potential 21 or be a different potential.
- the electrical potential of the shield element 160 can be tracked and varied depending on the electrical potential of the sensor element 20.
- the leads 410, 420 can be twisted to mount the arrangement 10 according to the invention on the vehicle 1.
- the shield element 160 in the form of a shield line 420 as an elongated shield electrode 160 can run parallel to the sensor feed line 410.
- the twist can e.g. B. by twisting against each other and helically wrapping the sensor lead 410 with the shield line 420.
- the twisted supply lines 410, 420 are with a dashed and continuous line highlighted. In this way, the sensitivity to external electromagnetic interference on the leads 410, 420 can be reduced.
- the sensor feed line 410 can be electrically connected to the outer conductor 450.2 for assembly, so that the outer conductor 450.2 forms the sensor element 20.
- the shield line 420 and the core 450.1 of the coaxial cable 450 may remain disconnected.
- the shield line 420 is electrically connected to the core 450.1. With this configuration, it is advantageous if the shield element 160 is used as a passive shield element 160.
- the shield element 160 or the shield line 420 as an active shield element 160 also makes sense.
- a different connection on the coaxial cable 450 may be selected.
- the sensor feed line 410 can be electrically connected to the core 450.1 (ie the inner conductor 450.1) of the coaxial cable 450, so that the core 450.1 also serves as a sensor feed line.
- the shield line 420 in this case possibly as a shield lead 420, can be electrically connected to the outer conductor 450.2 (i.e. with the shield) of the coaxial cable 450, so that the outer conductor 450.2 forms the active shield element 160.
- the coaxial cable 450 with the core 450.1 can serve as a lead to the sensor element 20, which, however, is then implemented separately from the coaxial cable 450.
- the outer conductor 450.2 acts as an active shield element 160 to improve the shielding of the sensor feed line 410.
- the feed line 410, 420 to the coaxial cable 450 can be twisted as described above, or it can be a parallel lead.
- a separate sensor element 20, which, for. B. via the previously described twisted leads 410, 420 and / or via the coaxial cable 450 with the outer conductor 450.2 as an active shield element 160 and / or via a variant which is connected to the sensor switching arrangement 400 is shown by way of example in FIG. 6.
- the sensor element 20 may e.g. B. as an electrically conductive surface (so-called flat electrode 20) and / or as an electrically conductive line or the like.
- the sensor element 20 is shown in an assembled arrangement (for example in the rear area) in the vicinity of further parts of the vehicle 1.
- Part of the vehicle 1 which can be regarded as ground potential 21 is indicated schematically. The vehicle 1 can cause a load on the sensor element 20 by shielding can be counteracted.
- the electrical field is illustrated by arrows, which can occur between a shield element 160 and the sensor element 20 (and can be reduced or eliminated as far as possible by operating the shield element 160 as an active shield element 160) and which is used to record the activation action or the activating agent 3 is used.
- the shape of the (active) shield element 160 shown is particularly advantageous.
- the shape is, for example, a U-shape, with the two opposite side parts 160.2 of the shield element 160 shielding a side region and a center part 160.1 of the shield element 160 shielding the center region or the vehicle side .
- the detection area can be defined very precisely by the open area 160.3 of the shield element 160 between the side parts 160.2.
- the shield element 160 can e.g. B. can be operated as an active shield element 160 in that it is electrically connected to the shield (to) line 420 or to an outer conductor 450.2 of the coaxial cable 450 (if this is used as a feed line).
- the sensor element 20 can also be electrically connected to the sensor lead 410 and / or to the core 450.1 of the coaxial cable 450 (if this is used as a lead).
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a sensor control arrangement 170 which has the reinforcing means 170.2 as a negative feedback of the transmission element 170.1.
- a capacitor C of the amplification means 170.2 has a measuring capacitance Cmess, which can be adapted to a maximum variable sensor capacitance CS, in particular corresponds to this.
- a method according to the invention is visualized schematically in FIG.
- a first method step 501 an electrical control signal is generated.
- electrical control is provided on a sensor element, repeated charge transfers being initiated at the sensor element by means of the control signal in order to detect a change, in particular an approach by an activation means, in an environment of the sensor element.
- a sensor signal can then be made available on the basis of the charge transfers in accordance with a third method step 503.
- a fourth method step 504 performing a repeated determination of at least one parameter of the sensor element specific for the detection on the basis of the sensor signal in order to carry out the detection of the activation action.
- a first connection or output of 210 is a first connection or output of 210.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018131856.1A DE102018131856A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Anordnung für ein Fahrzeug |
| PCT/EP2019/084559 WO2020120532A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-12-11 | Anordnung für ein fahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3895314A1 true EP3895314A1 (de) | 2021-10-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19820736.7A Pending EP3895314A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-12-11 | Anordnung für ein fahrzeug |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12020562B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3895314A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN113169736A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018131856A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020120532A1 (de) |
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| DE19701899C2 (de) * | 1996-01-21 | 2001-01-25 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zur Erfassung der Kapazität bzw. einer Kapazitätsänderung eines kapazitiven Schaltungs- oder Bauelementes |
| DE19706167A1 (de) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-08-20 | Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung für ein Sensorelement |
| DE19833211C2 (de) * | 1998-07-23 | 2000-05-31 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Bestimmung sehr kleiner Kapazitäten und Verwendung |
| WO2002101929A2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-19 | Intier Automative Closures, Inc. | Non-contact proximity sensor |
| JP2008203055A (ja) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-09-04 | Omron Corp | 静電容量センサ |
| DE102009029500A1 (de) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-24 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Betätigungseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| US20130123881A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | External Charger for an Implantable Medical Device System Having a Coil for Communication and Charging |
| DE102012112056A1 (de) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-20 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zum Messen des Reifendrucks in einem Luftreifen eines Fahrzeuges und damit ausgerüstetes Rad |
| CN109629953A (zh) * | 2013-05-15 | 2019-04-16 | 麦格纳覆盖件有限公司 | 用于操作车辆的闭合板的方法和系统 |
| FR3006793B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-07 | 2017-04-21 | Continental Automotive France | Dispositif, capteur et procede de detection de la presence d'un utilisateur pour l'ouverture d'un acces a un vehicule automobile |
| EP2905901B1 (de) * | 2014-02-06 | 2019-12-18 | Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Bamberg | Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zur Erfassung einer Kapazität und/oder einer Kapazitätsänderung eines kapazitiven Bauelements |
| TWI550482B (zh) * | 2014-03-14 | 2016-09-21 | 晨星半導體股份有限公司 | 觸控感測電路與方法 |
| DE102015002128A1 (de) * | 2015-02-19 | 2016-08-25 | Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Hallstadt | Kapazitiver Näherungssensor für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Kollisionsschutzeinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem kapazitiven Näherungssensor |
| CN107925407B (zh) * | 2015-08-13 | 2022-04-05 | Iee国际电子工程股份公司 | 用于车辆后备箱开启器的电容性传感器系统的操作方法和鲁棒的电容性传感器系统 |
-
2018
- 2018-12-12 DE DE102018131856.1A patent/DE102018131856A1/de active Pending
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2019
- 2019-12-11 EP EP19820736.7A patent/EP3895314A1/de active Pending
- 2019-12-11 WO PCT/EP2019/084559 patent/WO2020120532A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-11 US US17/252,887 patent/US12020562B2/en active Active
- 2019-12-11 CN CN201980044361.7A patent/CN113169736A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020120532A1 (de) | 2020-06-18 |
| CN113169736A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
| US12020562B2 (en) | 2024-06-25 |
| US20210125489A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
| DE102018131856A1 (de) | 2020-06-18 |
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