EP3895191A1 - Matériau poreux fonctionnalisé et utilisation comme électrode de pseudo-supercondensateur - Google Patents
Matériau poreux fonctionnalisé et utilisation comme électrode de pseudo-supercondensateurInfo
- Publication number
- EP3895191A1 EP3895191A1 EP19845820.0A EP19845820A EP3895191A1 EP 3895191 A1 EP3895191 A1 EP 3895191A1 EP 19845820 A EP19845820 A EP 19845820A EP 3895191 A1 EP3895191 A1 EP 3895191A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- redox
- substrate
- carbon
- groups
- monolayer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous material functionalized by redox groups grafted covalently to the surface of a substrate having microporosity and / or mesoporosity, for example made of carbonaceous material.
- the present invention also relates to the use of such a material as a pseudo-supercapacitor electrode.
- pseudo-supercapacitor or redox supercapacitor is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a supercapacitor which uses rapid and reversible chemical reactions on the surface or near the surface of the electrodes, to store energy.
- the charging / discharging process (and therefore the storage of energy) is not purely capacitive! 1 ⁇ 121 : it involves both capacitive and faradaic processes.
- supercapacitor is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a
- the electric camp causes the electrolyte ions to move towards or from the surface of the electrodes without redox reaction. Since the ions only adsorb or desorb on the electrodes without any chemical reaction, a super capacitor can be charged or discharged very quickly. On the other hand, the super-capacitor has the disadvantage of only charging ions on the surface of the electrodes, and not energy. Energy storage is purely capacitive.
- electrochemical supercapacitors because of their highly active surfaces and the numerous possibilities for chemical functionalization 11 ' 2 ' 3 ' 4 ' 5 ' 6 ' 7 '81 .
- the present invention relates to a functionalized porous material comprising a substrate having a microporosity and / or a mesoporosity and redox groups grafted covalently to the surface of said substrate, forming a functionalization layer, said material being characterized in that the redox groups are grafted in a monolayer covalently to the surface of said substrate, so that the functionalization layer is a monolayer having a coverage rate of redox entities greater than or equal to 10 11 mol / cm.
- a monolayer with a coverage rate of redox entities greater than or equal to 10-11 mol / cm 2 has the advantage of being dense and flexible.
- the monolayer thus obtained is both flexible, dense, and has a controlled distance between the redox entities and the substrate. This monolayer remains sufficiently porous to allow the passage of ions from the electrolyte to the substrate (that is to say the material before covalent grafting of the redox entities) by its flexible nature.
- the charge transfer speed of the redox entities is very fast due to its so-called external sphere nature.
- the invention allows a maximization of the number of grafted redox entities, a very fast charge transfer speed while retaining the intrinsic capacity of the porous substrate.
- the redox groups are chosen in order to keep their properties in various electrolytes, allowing a final optimization of the effective capacity and the charging time.
- the redox groups can be groups having fast charge transfer kinetics.
- a kinetics being characterized by a high value of the heterogeneous constant of standard electronic transfer ks in solution
- the redox groups can be Cn alkyl-ferrocene groups.
- porous carbon substrates As a substrate which can be used in the context of the present invention, mention may in particular be made of porous carbon substrates, or a metal oxide.
- a porous carbon substrate it may advantageously be chosen from pyrolytic graphite, vitreous carbon, graphite, graphene and its derivatives, carbon powders, carbon onions or carbon nanotubes.
- a metal oxide substrate it can be advantageously chosen from manganese dioxide, or ruthenium dioxide.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the material according to the invention as a pseudo-supercapacitor electrode.
- FIG. 1 shows the general process for modifying a substrate into porous carbon to obtain a functionalized porous material according to the present invention.
- the resulting (11 -azidoundecyl) ferrocene monolayer, where n 9, covalently attached to the porous carbon substrate;
- FIG. 2A shows the comparative evolutions of the current as a function of the potential obtained for a naked pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrode and an electrode according to the invention in pyrolytic graphite modified by the grafting of a FcC11 monolayer in a solution of (CFI2CI2 + 0 , 1 mol L-1 nBu4NPF6 at 0.1 V s-1 in accordance with Example 1;
- - Fig. 2B shows voltammograms obtained with the PGE electrodes of Example 2.
- FIG. 3 shows the comparative evolution of real (see curves in Figure a) and complex (see curves in Figure b) as a function of frequency for the FcC11 monolayer on a PG electrode in CFI2CI2 + 0.1 mol L -1 nBu4NPF6, with two different fixed potentials, - 0.08 V () and 0.30 V (O) vs FcMeOH / FcMeOH +,
- TIPS-Eth-ArN2 tri (isopropylsilyl) ethynyl) benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate
- TBAF tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride
- Ethynylferrocene marketed by MERCK under the name "ethynylferrocene (CAS: 1271 -47-2)";
- acetonitrile marketed by MERCK® under the trade name "Acetonitrile, anhydrous 99.8% (CAS: 75-05-8)";
- dichloromethane marketed by MERCK® under the trade name "Dichloromethane, anhydrous, 399.8% > , containing 40-150 ppm amylene as stabilizer (CAS: 75-09-2)";
- lithium perchlorate marketed by the company MERCK® under the trade name “Lithium perchlorate 99.99% trace metals basis (CAS: 7791-03-9) ";
- PGE Pyrolytic graphite electrodes
- the PGE electrodes are very porous, with a pore size distribution ranging from micro to nanometer; they allow detailed kinetic studies.
- PGE Pyrolytic graphite
- a conventional configuration with three electrodes comprising the modified substrate (in accordance with the invention and in accordance with the prior art) as working electrode, a platinum sheet as auxiliary electrode, and a calomel electrode. saturated (hereinafter referred to by the acronym SCE) as a reference.
- SCE saturated
- Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy measurements are carried out using non-grafted pyrolytic graphite (PGE) electrodes and functionalized by grafting in accordance with the functionalization process described in Example 1.
- PGE pyrolytic graphite
- Pyrolytic graphite (PGE) electrodes are functionalized by electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium ions, which leads to the formation of phenyl radicals which are grafted onto the surface of the 17 ⁇ 81 electrode. To do this, we proceed according to the following steps:
- the PGE electrodes are successively polished with abrasive paper made of silicon carbide 2400 and 4000 from Struers and ultra-pure water, then rinsed with ultra-pure water and acetone;
- a protected ethynyl-aryldiazonium salt carrying a solid tri (alkyl) silyl group (4- (tri (isopropylsilyl) ethynyl) benzynediazonium) benzenediazonium) is grafted onto the surface of the electrode 121 ⁇ 22 ' 271 ArN2 + BF4) This limits grafting on the carbon surface to a single layer and protects the ethynyl functional group during electrochemical grafting;
- the distance between the redox groups is finally controlled by the size of the protective group which leaves a sort of imprint in the layer after deprotection.
- a tri (isopropyl) silyl group bulky which is a good compromise for obtaining a dense monolayer but sufficiently porous for good mass transport to the substrate
- the Cn long chain alkyl ferrocene is attached to the platform formed in the first step.
- the ferrocene / ferrocenium redox couple has very fast charge transfer kinetics with an external sphere character. This is an important characteristic for this study because their rapid electrochemical behavior is compatible with many solvents or
- the Cn alkyl ferrocene was grafted onto a surface of pyrolytic graphite (PG electrode) but the approach can be used on many different carbon materials, such as vitreous carbon, graphite or carbon nanotubes [7 ' 8] .
- the electrodes can also be functionalized by an alternative method.
- the electrodes are grafted with (tridec-12-ynyl) ferrocene or ethynylferrocene, in the presence of copper (I).
- the experimental conditions for generating copper (I) are the same as those for "Click Chemistry".
- the characteristics of the electrodes were studied simultaneously by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
- the cyclic voltammetry provides information corresponding to the transferred charges [2 ' 17 ' 51 or to the active redox monolayers. If these quantities are less detailed than the corresponding differential data extracted by EIS, they are also closer to the charge storage density required by the users in a real application f 2 ⁇ 16 !
- the non-functionalized PGE electrodes were successively polished with abrasive paper made of silicon carbide 2400 and 4000 from the company Struers® and ultra-pure water, then rinsed with ultra-pure water and acetone (according to the same process as that used in Example 1 for the functionalized electrodes).
- cyclic voltammograms of modified surfaces were acquired at different scanning speeds in each electrolytic solution in order to determine the potential at maximum current (faradaic process) and to compare the different methods used to determine the capacity of an equivalent system [2 ⁇ 171 .
- the frequencies vary from 10 kHz to 0.01 Hz, with an amplitude of ⁇ 10 mV.
- the Lissajous curves were monitored at each frequency to ensure that no change in the linearity of the circuit occurred during the experiment.
- the grafted layer has very fast electron transfer kinetics making it possible to easily increase the charge density in devices such as pseudo-supercapacitors, the charging time being limited by the resistance of the electrolyte.
- EXAMPLE 3 Comparative evaluation of the electrochemical properties of the functionalized electrode according to the invention in different electrolytes
- Example 1 Electrochemical studies of the functionalized electrode according to the invention obtained in Example 1 were carried out in different electrolytes (0.1 mol L-1). The capacities and the characteristic times obtained are reported in Table 1 below.
- Table 1 shows that, for all media (CH2CI2, EtOH, ACN, DMSO, PC or water), the modified electrode / electrolyte behaves like an RC circuit.
- R is not affected by the presence of the faradaic process indicating that the charging time is controlled by the ohmic drop and not by the charge transfer kinetics. It should also be noted that in addition to variations in R, the apparent capacity when the faradaic process is involved changes a lot with the electrolyte. From a practical point of view, ethanol or acetonitrile (ACN) could be considered as the best compromise between the largest capacity and the shortest charging times. In these electrolytes, the capacity is only slightly lower, not more than 30% smaller than in CH2CI2, but with a much shorter charging time (about 10 times faster). If water is necessary for the application, the modification is always valid because it allows a significant increase in the charge density with a short response time.
- ACN acetonitrile
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1872983A FR3090187B1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 | 2018-12-14 | Matériau poreux fonctionnalisé et utilisation comme électrode de pseudo-supercondensateur |
| PCT/FR2019/053069 WO2020120922A1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 | 2019-12-13 | Matériau poreux fonctionnalisé et utilisation comme électrode de pseudo-supercondensateur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3895191A1 true EP3895191A1 (fr) | 2021-10-20 |
Family
ID=67999684
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19845820.0A Withdrawn EP3895191A1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 | 2019-12-13 | Matériau poreux fonctionnalisé et utilisation comme électrode de pseudo-supercondensateur |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3895191A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3090187B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020120922A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112366097B (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-05-03 | 山东精工电子科技有限公司 | 提高石墨烯基超级电容器性能的全碳电极的制备方法 |
| CN114709406B (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-07-25 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 富硫共聚物材料、锂硫电池正极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002367404A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-24 | University And Community College System Of Nevada On Behalf Of The University Of Nevada, Reno | Redox-switchable materials |
| WO2013142994A1 (fr) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Valorisation-Recherche, Limited Partnership | Liquides ioniques à activité redox |
| CN104900424B (zh) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-05-03 | 扬州大学 | 超分子石墨烯负载四氧化三铁自组装体的制备方法 |
| FR3038145B1 (fr) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-07-21 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de preparation d'une electrode composite |
| US10766795B2 (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2020-09-08 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical devices or systems comprising redox-functionalized electrodes and uses thereof |
| WO2017191481A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-11-09 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Liquides ioniques électroactifs et substrats modifiés en surface contenant ceux-ci |
-
2018
- 2018-12-14 FR FR1872983A patent/FR3090187B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-12-13 WO PCT/FR2019/053069 patent/WO2020120922A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-13 EP EP19845820.0A patent/EP3895191A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3090187A1 (fr) | 2020-06-19 |
| FR3090187B1 (fr) | 2021-06-25 |
| WO2020120922A1 (fr) | 2020-06-18 |
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