EP3892742B1

EP3892742B1 - An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and an operation method

Info

Publication number: EP3892742B1
Application number: EP21158546.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Akay ABDURRAHMAN; Kürsesi ERHAN
Original assignee: Akaylar Deri Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS; Ermaksan Sanayi Makinalari Ticaret Ltd Sirketi
Current assignee: Akaylar Deri Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS; Ermaksan Sanayi Makinalari Ticaret Ltd Sirketi
Priority date: 2020-04-10
Filing date: 2021-02-22
Publication date: 2024-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-22
Also published as: EP3892742A1; EP3892742C0; ES2973188T3

Description

Technical Field

The invention generally relates to an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and an operation method, which will be used in the leather industry and allow water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure (vacuum) to the leather. The invention may be used as tanning, retanning, dyeing, fatliquoring and wet-end cabinets for all types of leather and fur leather.
The invention particularly relates to an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and an operation method, which allow water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure to the leather and also enables the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside. The cabinet and method of the invention may be used for leather processing such as dyeing, tanning, etc. Subsequently, the processed leather may be subjected to a bonding process in an alkaline and/or acidic environment.

State of the Art

In the most traditional leather processing cabinets used in the state of the art, the pressure is not controlled and the environment is not subjected to vacuum. In these traditional cabinets, the leather placed in the rotary drum of the leather cabinet moves by providing water into the drum and rotating the drum, and the chemicals such as dye, chromium, etc. delivered into the drum are penetrated into the fibers of the leather exposed to the effect of the mechanical action in the drum. This processing takes a long time and the amount of wastewater containing the chemicals is high. Because the space between the fibers of the leather is not increased, the penetration may be achieved very slowly and with a large amount of material.
As the technique is developed over time, the temperatures of water or the other chemical liquids delivered into the leather cabinets may be adjusted, and the space between the fibers of the leather are more increased by discharging the air in the drum under vacuum, thereby the penetration efficiency of the chemicals being increased.
Both costs of wastewater and the processing time are reduced due to these processes. However, there is no system in the present technique, which allows the internal pressure of the rotary drum to be monitored constantly by an external user.
As a result of the research conducted within the scope of the state of the art, it may be seen that the vacuuming process is not only focused on penetration but also frequently used in the leather industry as a drying process. Said drying process may also be carried out on a processed leather, even on a printed leather, depending on the purpose of using the leather. The documents TR 2017/07333 and TR 2014/06941 may be mentioned for the applications in which a drying process is performed using vacuum. However, the object of our invention is not to dry a raw or an unprocessed leather, but to enable the penetration of the chemicals into the leather, which is a process before drying, then to enable the spaces between the fibers of the leather spaced apart to be reduced, and to allow the internal pressure to be monitored from the outside during that process. It is clearly seen that water is used in our invention, and it is obvious that a process is carried out as opposed to the drying process. The exemplary documents provided below were selected among the documents in the state of the art by considering this criterion.
In the application no. TR 1998/02190 in the state of the art, a process and device for processing leather and the like are disclosed. In the invention, the leather pieces laid out to be processed are placed on suitable brackets for processing the leather and the like. These brackets are placed into at least one container together with the leather pieces thereon and maintained under vacuum, and the suitable liquid processing solution is placed and sealed in the container, such that at least soaking, liming, pickling, tanning and retanning processes are performed on the leather pieces in the container. Each liquid solution is spun like a swirl during the corresponding leather processing step. The claims of said application are quite extensive and contain much details. In the application, it is obviously emphasized that the solution, but not the container which corresponds to a drum in our invention, is spun, and the leathers are placed by stretched on a bracket instead of allowing to move freely. Thus, it is in the application that a bracket is used and no coupling is used to rotate the container. In addition, there is no pressure sensor in the invention to allow the internal pressure pf the container to be monitored constantly. Inside of the drum may be monitored constantly due to the pressure sensor, and thus, bot a possible danger may be prevented and the material of good quality may be produced by stopping the operation of the cabinet in case of an adverse event. Although said application performs a process similar to our invention, quite different structures and novelties may be seen in our invention given new elements and the technical benefits resulted from these elements.
The document no. CN201825960U , another document in the present technique, discloses a leather drum of pressure or negative pressure type. The invention discloses a leather drum of pressure or negative pressure type, which comprises a drum body, a drum frame, a power mechanism, and a feeding reservoir; wherein the drum body is horizontally suspended on the drum frame along the rotary shafts on two lateral drum surface and is matched with the shaft holes on the drum frame; the power mechanism is located on one side of the drum frame and connected to a rotary shaft extending from the same upper side; the feeding reservoir is positioned under the drum body; and on the other side of the drum frame, there is a range of pressure or vacuum (negative pressure) system passing from a shaft hole on the rotary shaft on the drum surface on the same side through an inner space of the drum body. The pressure or vacuum system of the pressure or negative pressure leather drum does not contribute only to the combination of the penetration and chemicals during the tanning procedure as it may perform processing under abnormal pressure conditions. Besides, the processing time may be shortened, the production efficiency may be increased, the production cost may be reduced, and the environmental pollution caused by spreading of harmful substances may be maximally reduced. Furthermore, the pressure or negative pressure leather drum may be used as a drum for researching scientifically and testing the unprocessed leather and the penetration and combination of the different chemicals under the different pressure or vacuum conditions on the properties of the leather. Said application may be considered the closest document to our invention as it has properties and elements similar to our invention, however in the mentioned application, vacuum or pressurizing is only used for obtaining different pressures to process the leather. In the mentioned application, the internal pressure of the rotary drum is not monitored constantly by a user through a pressure sensor, the mechanical action is not increased by lifting up the leather by holding it in the rotary drum (attaching it to the drum) by means of protrusions and/or shelves, and subsequently falling it down, and water discharged from the rotary drum is not filtered.
The document CN206616242 U is related with a stainless steel overload rotary drum. The utility model discloses a stainless steel overload rotary drum, including a support, a rotary drum body, a charging bucket, a circulation system and a drive arrangement. The rotary drum body includes bulging shell of cylinder, and the both ends of drum shell set up with a front drum cover and a rear drum cover respectively. Also, there is a drum door that is used for adding the leather on the drum shell. A gear wheel that is provided with rather than the coaxial line is covered to preceding drum, and drive arrangement is driving motor, and last setting of driving motor and gear wheel engaged with pinion set up a plurality of boards that turn over in the drum shell. The circulation system includes, a hot water pipeline pump, an inlet tube, an outlet pipe, a few interrelated pipelines, a tunnel, filters, a water inlet and valves. But CN206616242 U document does not involve the information about appliying extra positive pressure and reduce spaces between the fibers of the leather.
In the state of the art, the documents with publication nos. CN2312942Y , CN203403108U , CN203403114U and CN103388038A may be considered as the close documents to the invention and even in these documents, the details such as a concentration sensor, a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, etc. may be mentioned, however a pressure sensor which allows the pressure to be reported constantly to a user is not mentioned in said applications.
Except these documents, the documents CN2903082Y , CN108285940A , CN204958953U and CN104988252A are applications which are not close to our invention and although they have the same purpose, they still have the above-mentioned shortcomings.
Finally, in the art there are leather processing bands in a shape of complicated station like GB160422A and CN101176577B . However, neither in the mentioned applications nor in other explanations in the state of the art, a pressure sensor which allows the user to monitor the pressure in the environments where the processing takes place is not mentioned.
As a result, there is a need for development in the respective technical field due to the above-mentioned disadvantages and insufficiency of the existing solutions.

The Object of the Invention

The invention is provided in the light of foregoing, and the object of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages.
The main object of the invention is to provide an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and an operation method, which will be used in the leather industry and allow water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure to the leather.
Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and an operation method, which allow water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure, or allow the spaces between the fibers to be reduced by applying pressure to the leather and also the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside.
Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and an operation method, which reduce the amount of waste fluid resulted from the processing. The amount of water used during the processing may be reduced up to 90% by the invention.
A further object of the invention is to provide an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and an operation method, which provide processing more leather using less chemicals, wherein the processing time is very short.
Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and an operation method, wherein the penetration efficiency is much higher as compared to the existing applications as the leather is hold and lifted up by means of the shelves inside the rotary drum and falls down due to the gravity.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the invention is an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet to allow water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure, or to allow the spaces between the fibers to be reduced by applying pressure to the leather and also the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside, comprising:

❖ at least one rotary drum which is a closed space in which the leathers are placed,
❖ at least one door on said rotary drum, by means of which the leather is placed in, and taken back from, the cabinet,
❖ at least one drive unit by means of which said rotary drum is rotated by being connected thereto,

at least one rotary coupling which is connected to the ends of the axes on both side of said rotary drum and heats the circumference of the rotary drum,
at least one liquid reservoir which is connected to one of said rotary couplings and allows liquid to enter the rotary drum,
at least one circulation pump which is connected to said liquid reservoir and transfers the liquid obtained from the liquid reservoir to the drum,
at least one pump which is connected to one of said rotary couplings, wherein the pump draws the air in the rotary drum, discharges the air pressure to the outside and thus, allows the fibers in the leather to be spaced apart, and/or allows the spaces between the leather fibers spaced apart to be reduced by providing air pressure to the rotary drum,
at least one pressure sensor which constantly measures the air pressure in said rotary drum and indicates this measurement to the external users.

Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the invention is an operation method of an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet to allow water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure to the leather, or to allow the spaces between the fibers to be reduced by applying pressure to the leather and also the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside, comprising the steps of:

placing the leathers in the rotary drum through the door and closing said door,
transferring water in the liquid reservoir to the leathers in the rotary drum by the circulation pump, and discharging the air pressure in the rotary drum out through the pump,
delivering a chemical to be penetrated into the leather in the rotary drum to the rotary drum through the liquid reservoir,
increasing the space between the leather fibers under vacuum created by discharging the air pressure in the rotary drum out by a mechanical action caused by the rotation of the rotary drum by means of the drive unit and by the pump,
penetrating the chemical into the interspaces by increasing the space between the leather fibers,
throughout the leather processing, indicating the air pressure in the rotary drum constantly to the external users using the pressure sensor,

reducing the space between the leather fibers due to the pressure created by feeding air into the rotary drum (1) by said pump (6) after the penetration into the spaces between the leather fibers.

The structural and characteristic features and advantages of the invention will be understood more clearly with the drawings provided below and the detailed description with reference to that drawings, and thus the consideration should be made with regard to these drawings and the detailed description.

Drawings to Help Understand the Invention

Figure 1 is a representative front view of an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to the invention.
Figure 2 is another representative front view of an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to the invention.
Figure 3 is a representative perspective view of an adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to the invention.

Description of the References of the Parts

1. Rotary Drum
- 1.1 . Outer Wall
- 1.2 . Inner Wall
2. Rotary Coupling
3. Door
4. Protrusion
5. Liquid Reservoir
5.1 . Resistance
6. Pump
7. Pressure Sensor
8. Discharge Valve
8.1 Filter
9. Circulation Pump
10. Chemicals Reservoir
11. Return Line
12. Flow Line
13. Temperature Sensor
14. Check valve
15. Shut-off Valve
16. Air Pressure End
17. In-Drum Shelf
18. Drive Unit

Detailed Description of the Invention

In this detailed description, the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet and the operation method according to the invention are disclosed in a non-limiting way only for better understanding the subject matter.
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet is shown in the figures, wherein the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet allows water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure to the leather, or allows the spaces between the fibers to be reduced by applying pressure and also the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside. In said cabinet of the state of the art comprises a rotary drum (1) which is a closed space in which the leathers are placed, a door (3) on said rotary drum (1), by means of which the leather is placed in, and taken back from, the cabinet, and at least one drive unit (18) by means of which said rotary drum (1) is rotated by being connected thereto. Said rotary drum (1) is rotated by the axes on the sides thereof and thus, the leather is exposed to a mechanical action. Said door (3) may be slidable, or may be opened, closed and locked as a window.
Said cabinet is characterized in that it comprises one each rotary coupling (2) which is connected to the ends of the axes on both side of said rotary drum (1) and heats the circumference of the rotary drum (1), a liquid reservoir (5) through which the liquid enters the rotary drum (1), wherein the liquid reservoir (5) is connected to one of said rotary couplings (2), and at least one circulation pump (9) which is connected to said liquid reservoir (5) and transfer the liquid obtained from the liquid reservoir (5) to the rotary drum (1). In case that only part, not all, of the liquid in the liquid reservoir is desired to be released into the drum, said circulation pump (9) is connected to the rotary drum (1) by a flow line (12) and a return line (11). In this case, a filter (8.1) may be placed at the end of said flow line (12) and the return line. Thus, the circulation pump (9) recovers some of the liquid pumped, so that all liquid has not transferred into the rotating drum (1) and the flowing liquid is filtered and cleaned.
The liquid reservoir (5), which enables the chemical and/or water to be fed into the rotary drum (3), may directly perform loading into the rotary drum (1) while operating, by means of the rotary coupling (2). Because the rotary couplings (2) may rotate independent from the rotary drum (1).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said liquid reservoir (5) comprises a resistance (5.1) which heats the liquid therein.
As a novelty, the invention comprises a pump (6) which is connected to one of said rotary couplings (2), wherein the pump draws the air in the rotary drum (1), discharges the air pressure to the outside and thus, allows the fibers in the leather to be spaced apart, and/or allows the spaces between the leather fibers spaced apart to be reduced by providing air pressure to the rotary drum (1), and a pressure sensor (7) which constantly measures the air pressure in said rotary drum (1) and indicates this measurement to the external users. The processes for creating vacuum or pressure in said rotary drum (1) are performed by drawing air from the boss of the rotary coupling (2) by the pump (6). Said pump (6) performs the processes for creating vacuum and pressure by means of the air pressure end (16) opening to the outer environment. The pump (6) may be used to increase or reduced the space between the fibers, or both. During these processes, the pressure in the rotary drum (1) may be monitored by the pressure sensor (7), and thus both a possible explosion is prevented and a product of the desired quality is obtained by interfering the product during the process.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said pressure sensor (7) is connected to said pump (6), the pump is actuated again every time the pressure in the rotary drum (1) exceeds a predetermined range during the processing, and the air pressure in the rotary drum (1) is provided within the desired range, thereby the pressure in the rotary drum (1) being maintained within a constant range. When the internal pressure of the rotary drum (1) is below a predetermined value, the pump (6) increases the pressure therein, and/or when the internal pressure of the rotary drum (1) is above a predetermined value, the pump (6) decreases the pressure therein. In other words, the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet may be re-operated as an automation due to the feedback from the pressure sensor (7) to the pump (6).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an inner surface of said rotary drum (1) comprises a protrusion (4) which lifts up the leather attached thereto during rotation, increases the mechanical action when the leather lifted up falls down due to the gravity and thus, increases the space between the leather fibers.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said rotary drum (1) has a discharge valve (8) which discharges the waste water out after the processing. Further, said discharge valve (8) may, in this embodiment, have a filter (8.1) which allows the solid chemicals remained in the rotary drum (1) to be collected after the processing. Said filter (8.1) preferably may be designed to be relesably attached to the rotary drum (1). The leathers are prevented from blocking the hole when the discharge valve (8) is opened. By means of a perforated filter, the top of the valve will remain empty, and there will be a line for the liquid.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there exists an in-drum shelf (17) extending horizontally across the inner surface of the rotary drum (1), which increases the mechanical action to ensure the space between the leather fibers to be increased when the leather hits thereon during rotation.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided a chemicals reservoir (10) used when the water and the chemicals are desired to be fed to said rotary drum (1) from separate reservoirs, wherein the chemicals reservoir (10) comprises a chemical to be penetrated into the leather. The water may be introduce into the liquid reservoir (5) and the chemical may be introduced into the chemicals reservoir (10) by virtue of this chemicals reservoir (10), and thus, these two liquids are fed from separate reservoirs. In this embodiment, there is further provided a check valve (14) allowing the liquid to be fed from said chemicals reservoir (10) to the drum in one way and a shut-off valve (15) blocking the liquid flow.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided at least one temperature sensor (13) which measures the temperature of the liquid in said liquid reservoir (5) and indicates this measurement to the users.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rotary drum (1) by means of which the leather is processed is double-walled consisting of an inner wall (1.2) in which the leathers are placed and an outer wall (1.1) surrounding the inner wall (1.2) by providing a space with said inner wall (1.2), and the temperature of the water pre-heated by the resistance (5.1) may be adjusted while passing through these two walls (1.1, 1.2). Thus, the temperature may be maintained at a desired value. In the embodiment mentioned, the protrusions (4) are located on the inner wall (1.2), while the rotary coupling (2), the door (3), and the pressure sensor (7) are located on the outer wall (1.1). The external liquid reservoir (5) and the pump (6) are connected to the rotary coupling (2). The discharge valve (8) and the filter (8.1) are opened to the outer environment by passing through the inner wall (1.2) and the outer wall (1.1).
The operation method of the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet which allows water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure to the leather, or allows the spaces between the fibers to be reduced by applying pressure and also the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside comprises the following steps:

placing the leathers in the rotary drum (1) through the door (3) and closing said door (3),
transferring water in the liquid reservoir (5) to the leathers in the rotary drum (1) by the circulation pump (9),
discharging the air pressure in the rotary drum (1) out through the pump,
delivering a chemical to be penetrated into the leather in the rotary drum (1) to the rotary drum (1) through the liquid reservoir (5),
increasing the space between the leather fibers under vacuum created by discharging the air pressure in the rotary drum (1) out by a mechanical action caused by the rotation of the rotary drum (1) by means of the drive unit (18) and by the pump (6),
penetrating the chemical into the interspaces by increasing the space between the leather fibers,
throughout the leather processing, indicating the air pressure in the rotary drum (1) constantly to the external users using the pressure sensor (7),

reducing the space between the leather fibers dues to the pressure created by feeding air into the rotary drum (1) by said pump (6) after the penetration into the spaces between the leather fibers.

In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the space between the leather fibers may be increased by increasing the mechanical action created when the leather being rotated is hold and lifted up by the protrusions (4) on the inner surface of the rotary drum (1) and falls down due to the gravity, or at least one in-drum shelf may be used, wherein the in-drum shelf extends horizontally across the inner surface of said rotary drum (1), and increases the mechanical action to ensure the space between the leather fibers to be increased when the leather hits thereon during rotation.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, there is provided a step of heating the water and/or chemicals by the resistance (5.1) in said liquid reservoir (5) before feeding to the rotary drum (1).
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the pump (6) connected to the pressure sensor (7) is actuated again by a signal from the pressure sensor (7), so that the air in said rotary drum (1) is within the desired range every time the pressure in the rotary drum (1) exceeds a predetermined range during the processing, and thereby the pressure in the rotary drum (1) is maintained within a constant range.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, there are provided steps of discharging the liquid in the rotary drum (1) by opening the discharge valve (8) on the outer surface of the rotary drum (1) after the processing is completed and collecting the solid materials remaining in the rotary drum (1) by the filter (8.1) in the discharge valve (8) during the discharging process.
According to the method of the invention, there is provided a step of reducing the space between the leather fibers due to the pressure created by feeding air into the rotary drum (1) via said pump (6) after the penetration into the spaces between the leather fibers is completed. That is, the invention may only be used to ensure that the space between the fibers are reduced. The object here is to benefit from the pressure effect in the processes (bating, degreasing, deliming, etc.) in which non-collagen materials in the leather structure are removed.
The cabinet and method of the invention operates preferably at -0.8 atm (atmospheric pressure).
Thus, a system which allows chemicals such as water, dye, etc., to be penetrated into the fibers by increasing the spaces between the leather fibers under vacuum, reduces the space therebetween under pressure after penetration, and also allows the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside, and a need for the mechanical action and water is reduced.

Claims

An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet to allow water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure to the leather, or to allow the spaces between the fibers to be reduced by applying pressure to the leather and also the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside, comprising:
❖ at least one rotary drum (1) which is a closed space in which the leathers are placed,

❖ at least one door (3) on said rotary drum (1), by means of which the leather is placed in, and taken back from, the cabinet,

❖ at least one drive unit (18) by means of which said rotary drum (1) is rotated by being connected thereto,

❖ at least one liquid reservoir (5) which allows liquid to enter the rotary drum (1),

❖ at least one circulation pump (9) which is connected to said liquid reservoir (5) and transfers the liquid from the liquid reservoir (5) to the rotary drum (1),

❖ at least one pressure sensor (7) which constantly measures the air pressure in said rotary drum (1) and indicates this measurement to the external users,
characterized in that the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet comprises:
• at least one rotary coupling (2) which is connected to the ends of the axes on both side of said rotary drum (1) and heats the circumference of the rotary drum (1),
- said at least one liquid reservoir (5) is connected to one of said rotary couplings (2),

• at least one pump (6) which is connected to one of said rotary couplings (2), wherein the pump draws the air in the rotary drum (1), discharges the air pressure to the outside and thus, allows the fibers in the leather to be spaced apart, and/or allows the spaces between the leather fibers spaced apart to be reduced by providing air pressure to the rotary drum (1).
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that an inner surface of said rotary drum (1) comprises a protrusion (4) which lifts up the leather attached thereto during rotation, increases the mechanical action when the leather lifted up falls down due to the gravity and thus, increases the space between the leather fibers.
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that said liquid reservoir (5) comprises at least one resistance (5.1) which heats the liquid therein.
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that said rotary drum (1) comprises at least one discharge valve (8) which discharges the waste water after the processing, wherein.
said discharge valve (8) optionally comprises at least one filter (8.1) for collecting the solid chemicals remaining in the rotary drum (1) after processing.
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one pump (6) connected to said pressure sensor (7) to provide the air pressure in the rotary drum (1) within the desired range by being actuated again every time the pressure in the rotary drum (1) exceeds a predetermined range during the processing and to thereby maintain the pressure in the rotary drum (1) within a constant range.
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:
• at least one chemicals reservoir (10) used when the water and the chemicals are desired to be fed to said rotary drum (1) from separate reservoirs, wherein the chemical reservoir comprises a chemical to be penetrated into the leather,

• a check valve (14) allowing the liquid to be fed from said chemicals reservoir (10) to the drum in one way,

• a shut-off valve (15) blocking the liquid flow.
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an in-drum shelf (17) extending horizontally across the inner surface of said rotary drum (1), which increases the mechanical action to ensure the space between the leather fibers to be increased when the leather hits thereon during rotation.
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:
• said circulation pump (9) comprises at least one flow line (12) for feeding the liquid to said rotary drum (1), at least one return line (11) for recovering the liquid,

• at least one filter (8.1) for filtering and cleaning the liquid at the ends by means of which said lines (11, 12) are connected to the rotary drum (1).
An adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one temperature sensor (13) for measuring the temperature of the liquid in said liquid reservoir (5) and indicating this measurement to the users.
An operation method of the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 1 to allow water, dye, and other chemicals to be used in leather processing to be penetrated into the fibers thereof by applying reverse pressure to the leather, or to allow the spaces between the fibers to be reduced by applying pressure to the leather and also the internal pressure to be monitored constantly from the outside, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
• placing the leathers in the rotary drum (1) through the door (3) and closing said door (3),

• transferring water in the liquid reservoir (5) to the leathers in the rotary drum (1) by the circulation pump (9),

• discharging the air pressure in the rotary drum (1) out through the pump,

• delivering a chemical to be penetrated into the leather in the rotary drum (1) to the rotary drum (1) through the liquid reservoir (5),

• increasing the space between the leather fibers under vacuum created by discharging the air pressure in the rotary drum (1) out by a mechanical action caused by the rotation of the rotary drum (1) by means of the drive unit (18) and by the pump (6),

• penetrating the chemical into the interspaces by increasing the space between the leather fibers,

• throughout the leather processing, indicating the air pressure in the rotary drum (1) constantly to the external users by the pressure sensor (7),

• reducing the space between the leather fibers due to the pressure created by feeding air into the rotary drum (1) by said pump (6) after the penetration into the spaces between the leather fibers.
An operation method of the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a step of increasing the spaces between the leather fibers by increasing the mechanical action created when the leather being rotated is hold and lifted up by the protrusions (4) on the inner surface of the rotary drum (1) and falls down due to the gravity.
An operation method of the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises,
• a step of heating the water and/or chemicals by the resistance (5.1) in said liquid reservoir (5) before feeding to the rotary drum (1), and/or,

• a step of discharging the liquid in the rotary drum (1) by opening the discharge valve (8) on the outer surface of the rotary drum (1) after the processing is completed, and/or,

• a step of collecting the solid materials remaining in the rotary drum (1) by the filter (8.1) in the discharge valve (8) during the discharging process.
An operation method of the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises the steps of providing the air in said rotary drum (1) within the desired range by the pump (6) connected to the pressure sensor (7) being actuated again by a signal from the pressure sensor (7) every time the pressure in the rotary drum (1) exceeds a predetermined range during the processing and thus, maintaining the pressure in the rotary drum (1) within a constant range.
An operation method of the adjustable pressure leather and fur processing cabinet according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a step of increasing the space between the fibers by hitting of the leathers during the rotation by means of an in-drum shelf (17) extending horizontally across the inner surface of the rotary drum (1).