EP3892399A1 - Casting plunger system and casting method for a die casting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Casting piston system and casting process for a die casting machine. 2.1. The invention relates to a casting piston system for a die casting machine, the casting piston system including a stationary system part (1) and a system part (2) which is moved in a respective casting cycle for introducing melt material into a casting mold relative to the stationary system part and which has a casting piston (3). , comprises a casting piston rod (4) and a rod drive unit (5) and is set up for braking at the end of a mold filling phase of the casting cycle under the action of pressure on the melt material, as well as a casting method for a die casting machine with such a casting piston system. According to the invention, the moving system part (2) has a mass that can be changed between different casting cycles, and / or the moving system part consists of a moving system main part (2a) and an additional mass unit (Z _E) which is arranged to be relatively movable with respect to the system main part. , which is set up to slow down at the end of the mold filling phase of the casting cycle by a predeterminable delay time later than the main part of the system. Use in die casting technology.

Description

The invention relates to a casting piston system for a die-casting machine, the casting piston system including a stationary system part and a system part which is moved in a respective casting cycle for introducing melt material into a casting mold relative to the stationary system part and which includes a casting piston, a casting piston rod and a rod drive unit and for Braking is set up at the end of a mold filling phase of the casting cycle under the action of pressure on the melt material, as well as on a casting process for a die casting machine with such a casting piston system.

Casting piston systems of this type and associated casting methods are well known for use in die casting machines, particularly for die casting metallic parts. The respective casting cycle is usually composed of a pre-filling phase in which the melt material is transported or moved forward to a casting mold entry, a mold filling phase in which the melt material is pressed into the casting mold, and a holding pressure phase in which a holding pressure is applied via the casting piston is applied to the melt material in the mold. The transport of the melt material to and into the casting mold takes place through the corresponding melt-conveying movement of the moving system part in relation to the stationary system part of the casting piston system. In the present case, the stationary system part is to be understood as the part of the casting piston system that is held stationary on an associated machine structure of the die casting machine, while the moving system part is that part of the casting piston system that moves for this melt transport compared to the stationary system part, i.e. all for components of the casting piston system moved for this purpose and braked at the end of the mold filling phase. During this braking process at the end of the mold filling phase, the moving system part is completely or at least largely braked in its forward movement, which presses the melt into the casting mold, with any remaining forward movement or a certain springback or oscillation movement at the latest in the subsequent so-called holding pressure phase is dismantled and the moving system part comes to a complete standstill at the latest, if not at the end of the mold filling phase.

The moving system part usually includes the casting piston, the casting piston rod, at the front end of which the casting piston is coupled, and the rod drive unit, which drives the casting piston rod for transporting the melt material through the casting piston and typically comprises a drive piston and a casting piston coupling, via which the casting piston rod is attached to it the end opposite the casting piston is coupled to the drive piston. The drive piston is usually part of the so-called casting unit, which designates the driving part of the casting piston system. The casting piston and the casting piston rod are typically part of the so-called casting set, which refers to the driven part of the casting piston system. A so-called multiplier unit or pressure booster unit, which is used to provide the holding pressure in the holding pressure phase, can optionally be coupled to the drive piston as a further component of the casting unit. The stationary system part of the casting piston system includes, in particular, those components which serve to guide the movement of the components of the moving system part, e.g. a casting cylinder in which the drive piston is guided and a casting chamber body which defines a e.g. cylindrical casting chamber in which the melt is initially located and in which the casting piston moves.

At the end of the mold filling phase, the moving system part is braked relatively abruptly in its forward movement by the melt material filling the casting mold, either completely or largely to a standstill, with what is known as a first pressure peak for the melt material in the casting mold. This first pressure peak is important for an initial compression of the melt material in the casting mold, in particular in areas of the casting mold or the resulting cast part that are relatively far away from a gate area in which the melt material enters the casting mold. The pressure multiplication in the holding pressure phase often no longer has a sufficient effect on its own due to its technical time lag and the onset of melt solidification. For example, in the case of small and medium-sized die-casting machines of the cold chamber type, the typical mold filling time, ie the duration of the mold filling phase, can be in the range from 10 ms to 15 ms, while in some cases Due to the design, the pressure multiplication effect in the holding pressure phase is delayed by 15 ms to 35 ms compared to the end of the mold filling phase.

Conventionally, opposing process goals are considered with regard to the first pressure peak in the casting mold. On the one hand, the first pressure peak should be large enough to achieve sufficient initial compression of the melt material in the casting mold. On the other hand, an excessively large first pressure peak in the casting mold leads to so-called overmolding of the mold, which is understood to mean that in the mold parting plane, i.e. in the plane separating the movable mold half and the stationary mold half, melt protrudes beyond the mold contour, which leads to undesirable burr formation and the Necessity of a subsequent mechanical additional processing caused. Conventionally, compliance with these process goals with regard to the first pressure peak is taken into account by specifying a dedicated speed profile for the course of the speed of the casting piston and thus also for the other components of the moving system part of the casting piston system over the casting cycle, in particular during the period of the mold filling phase. For the selection of an optimal casting piston speed, however, additional process parameters must be taken into account, especially during the mold filling phase, such as the flow behavior of the melt material in the casting chamber, the optimization of the duration of the mold filling phase, the minimization of air turbulence and mold wear, as well as the casting mold geometry and the flow resistance of the melt material and the performance of the casting unit as the drive-relevant part of the casting piston system.

The patent specification DE 34 33 121 C1 discloses a casting piston system with a casting piston coupling, in which a hydraulic damping device for the rod drive unit with a damping chamber and a damping piston displaceable in this and a spring-loaded control piston is integrated which, due to inertia, can move a little further at the end of the mold filling phase after the casting piston has decelerated and between the casting piston and bores running through a storage space are only released in this damping case and otherwise shut off.

In the Offenlegungsschrift JP 8-300134 A A casting piston system is disclosed in which the casting piston coupling has a pressure chamber in which an explosive Medium is located, which can be made to explode during the transition from the pre-filling phase to the mold filling phase, in order to accelerate the casting piston rod and the casting piston in order to carry out the mold filling phase in relation to the rod drive unit.

The disclosure document DE 42 18 556 A1 discloses a casting piston system with a hydraulic two-circuit casting drive for a plunger on the one hand and a multiplier piston on the other hand and with an associated valve control that uses rapidly adjustable servo-proportional valves in order to be able to regulate the quantities of hydraulic medium required to act on the respective piston.

The patent specification DE 28 33 063 C2 discloses a casting piston system with a hollow casting piston and a casting piston damping between piston rod and casting piston, through which the piston rod together with an inner piston can move a bit into the hollow casting piston when it is braked at the same time as the casting piston at the end of the mold filling phase.

A technical problem of the invention is the provision of a casting piston system of the type mentioned above, which, compared to the prior art explained above, enables advantages in the implementation of casting processes with regard to achieving a high quality of the cast parts produced, as well as a casting process for one with such Die casting machine equipped with a casting piston system.

The invention solves this problem by providing a casting piston system with the features of claim 1 and a casting method with the features of claim 10. Advantageous further developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

According to one aspect of the invention, the moving system part of the casting piston system has a mass that can be variably adjusted between different casting cycles. In the present case, the variably adjustable mass is to be understood as meaning the so-called rigid mass, that is to say the solid mass, of the moving system part. This means that the mass of any moving gases and Fluids, such as hydraulic fluids, are not regarded as part of this variably adjustable mass of the moving system part. The change in this mass thus causes a change in the rigid mass, while any changes in fluid or gaseous masses are not taken into account for this. In most cases, the mass of the moving system part essentially corresponds to the sum of the mass of the casting piston, casting piston rod and rod drive unit. According to a further aspect of the invention, which can be provided as an alternative or in addition to the aforementioned aspect of the invention, the moving system part consists of a moving system main part and an additional mass unit which is arranged relatively movably relative to the system main part and which at the end of the mold filling phase of the casting cycle is a predeterminable delay time later than the system main part decelerates, ie comes to a standstill completely or largely in its forward movement. Here, too, the additional mass unit is to be understood as one or more rigid masses, ie solid masses or mass bodies, while any fluid or gaseous masses are not taken into account in this regard. For the sake of simplicity, the rigid masses are also referred to for short as masses in the present case.

Both aspects of the invention have in common that they change the momentum that the moving system part has before the end of the mold filling phase and that acts on the melt material in the casting mold through the braking of the moving system part at the end of the mold filling phase, regardless of the plunger speed or the speed of the moving system part. The momentum is known to be defined as the product of mass and speed, and due to the rigid mass of the moving system part, which can be variably adjusted between different casting cycles, in the first aspect of the invention it is possible to brake the melt material in the casting mold at the end of the mold filling phase of the respective casting cycle of the moving system part acting pulse of the moving system part for the various casting cycles can be adjusted accordingly, without the speed curve of the moving system part having to be changed during the mold filling phase. According to the other aspect of the invention, the time course of the effect of the impulse of the moving system part on the melt material in the casting mold at the end of the mold filling phase for a respective casting cycle can be modified in that the rigid additional mass unit brakes later than the main system part and consequently the one provided by the additional mass unit Impulse effect on the melt material in the casting mold occurs with a corresponding delay compared to the impulse effect caused by the braking of the moving main part of the system.

It turns out that the effect of the impulse of the moving system part on the melt material in the casting mold resulting from the braking of the moving system part at the end of the mold filling phase of the respective casting cycle, in particular also the first pressure peak for the melt material in the casting mold and thus the first compression of the The casting formed by the solidification of the melt material in the casting mold and consequently the properties or the quality of the casting are determined or at least significantly influenced. The casting piston speed does not need to be changed for this variable change and thus optimization of the impulse effect of the moving system part on the melt material in the casting mold and can consequently be optimized in a conventional manner with regard to other criteria, in particular with regard to the flow behavior of the melt material during transport to and into the casting mold as well with regard to minimal air turbulence and minimal mold wear as well as short mold filling times.

The casting piston system according to the invention thus enables an optimization of the casting process for the cast parts produced in each case, in particular with regard to cast part quality and / or economy, through variable setting of the impulse effect of the moving system part on the melt material in the casting mold at the end of the mold filling phase, regardless of the course of the casting piston speed during the mold filling phase. In other words, the casting process according to the invention allows the casting process, and thus in particular the quality of the cast parts produced, both by optimizing the speed profile of the casting piston during the casting cycle and by optimizing the impulse effect of the moving system part of the casting piston system on the melt material in the casting mold at the end independently of this optimize the mold filling phase.

The same applies to the casting method according to the invention, which is suitable for a die-casting machine equipped with the casting piston system according to the invention, whereby at least one casting parameter of a respective casting cycle is recorded according to the method, preferably one that determines the quality of the cast part to be produced essentially determined or co-determined and / or which is indicative of this, and / or one that influences the effectiveness of the casting process, and the mass of the moving system part and / or the delay time for the relatively movably arranged additional mass unit for one or more future casting cycles depending on the at least one detected casting parameter is variably set.

In advantageous implementations, the casting piston system has a control unit which is set up to move the mass of the moving system part to be optimally set as the optimum for the upcoming casting cycle or cycles and / or the delay time to be optimally set for the upcoming casting cycle (s) relative to the main system part arranged additional mass unit, preferably by evaluating the actual values of one or more casting parameters detected by sensors or otherwise for one or more previous casting cycles, in particular those casting parameters which the person skilled in the art knows that they influence the quality of the cast part produced and / or the effectiveness of the casting process or represent. In this way, the control unit is able to automatically optimize the casting process or the casting cycles, if necessary iteratively and / or using computer simulations carried out beforehand.

In a further development of the invention, the casting piston system comprises one or more additional mass bodies, which are each designed to be detachably attached to the moving system part and, in the attached state, form a component of the moving system part. Thus, the mass and consequently the momentum of the moving system part, which acts on the melt material in the casting mold at the end of the mold filling phase, can be determined by selecting one or more of these specified additional mass bodies and by releasably attaching the selected additional mass body (s) to the moving system part for the respective casting cycle can be chosen variably. The additional mass body can form said additional mass unit if it is arranged to be relatively movable with respect to the main system part. Alternatively, the additional mass body can be an additional mass detachably attached to the rest of the moving system part in a rigid manner.

In one embodiment of the invention, several additional mass bodies are provided, of which at least two additional mass bodies have a different mass. This offers a good prerequisite for minimizing the number of such additional mass bodies to be provided in order to be able to set the mass of the moving system part differently within a certain, predeterminable value range. For example, the additional mass bodies can differ in their respective mass in binary steps, i.e. by powers of the number 2, alternatively in a differently graduated distribution. Alternatively, the additional mass bodies can, for example, each have the same mass, i.e. they can then be implemented as identical parts, for example. In corresponding embodiments, the casting piston system contains a control unit which is set up to automatically select an additional mass body to be attached to the moving system part. For this selection, the control unit preferably uses information about casting parameters relevant to the casting process for an upcoming casting cycle and / or from one or more previous casting cycles.

In one embodiment of the invention, the stationary system part has an additional mass storage unit for making the additional mass body or bodies available in stock. As a result, the additional masses can be made available very easily for use on the moving system part. An additional mass selected in each case for this use is taken from the storage unit on the stationary system part and coupled to the moving system part. Alternatively, the additional mass body (s) can be provided externally or separately from the casting piston system, e.g. at another position of a machine structure of the die casting machine on which the casting piston system is provided.

In one embodiment of the invention, the casting piston system has an additional mass handling unit which is set up for the automatic attachment and removal of a respective additional mass body on and from the moving system part. This handling unit can be implemented, for example, by a fully automatic handling robot or, alternatively, by a semi-automatic, partially user-operated handling device.

In a further development of the invention, the casting piston system comprises a set of several casting pistons with predefined different masses, which are set up for interchangeable use as casting pistons of the moving system part in order to be able to adjust the mass of the moving system part between different casting cycles, whereby the Differentiate casting pistons in their mass by predefined mass increments. To achieve an optimal pulse of the casting piston system at the end of the mold filling phase, the best-fitting casting piston can be selected from the set of several casting pistons with predefined different masses and used as the casting piston of the moving system part. The mass increments can be specified in any desired manner, e.g. all of the same size or at least partially different sizes.

In order to be able to keep the casting chamber unchanged, it is preferred if the casting pistons in this embodiment variant of the invention have the same outer diameter. Since the selection of suitable materials for the casting pistons is relatively limited due to the requirements placed on them in terms of strength and direct melt contact, the achievable mass variation of the casting pistons is generally limited accordingly in this case, which makes this implementation of the invention preferably suitable for smaller mass changes .

In a further development of the invention, the casting piston system contains a set of several casting piston rods with predefined different masses, which are set up for interchangeable use as casting piston rods of the moving system part, the casting piston rods differing in mass by predefined mass increments. To achieve an optimal pulse of the casting piston system at the end of the mold filling phase, the best-fitting casting piston rod can be selected from the set of several casting piston rods with predefined different masses and used as the casting piston rod of the moving system part. The mass increments can be specified in any desired manner, for example all of the same size or at least partially different sizes.

In advantageous implementations, the casting piston rods with predefined different masses are set up for use with the same casting piston or at least with casting pistons of the same outer diameter and preferably also for use with the same casting chamber, so that the mass of the moving system part can be changed as desired by exchanging the casting piston rod without the need for a different casting chamber or a casting piston with a different outer diameter. For the casting piston rods of different weights, an outer diameter that is the same over their immersion depth into the casting chamber is preferably selected in this case. The different mass can be provided, for example, by using materials of different weights and / or by different designs of the casting piston rods in their axial area outside their immersion depth in the casting chamber, in particular with regard to their outer diameter. The immersion depth here means that axial area of the casting piston rods with which they can immerse themselves maximally into the casting chamber, i.e. when the casting piston is maximally advanced at the end of the holding pressure phase. Since the casting piston rod is a component of the casting piston system that is usually relatively easy to replace and that also makes a significant contribution to the total mass of the moving system part, this implementation of the invention can be of particular advantage for numerous applications.

In a further development of the invention, the casting piston system contains a set of several casting piston couplings with predefined different masses, which are set up for exchangeable use as a casting piston coupling of the rod drive unit of the moving system part, the casting piston couplings differing in mass by predefined mass increments. To achieve an optimal pulse of the casting piston system at the end of the mold filling phase, the best-fitting casting piston coupling can be selected from the set of several casting piston couplings with predefined different mass and used as the casting piston coupling of the moving system part. The mass increments can be specified in any desired manner, for example all of the same size or at least partially different sizes. The use of casting piston couplings of different weights does not require any changes to the casting chamber.

In a further development of the invention, the casting piston system contains a set of several casting piston drive pistons with predefined different masses, which are set up for interchangeable use as a casting piston drive piston of the rod drive unit of the moving system part, the casting piston drive pistons differing in mass by predefined mass increments . In order to achieve an optimal impulse of the casting piston system at the end of the mold filling phase, the most suitable casting piston drive piston can be selected from the set of several casting piston drive pistons with predefined different masses and used as the casting piston drive piston of the moving system part. The mass increments can be specified in any desired manner, e.g. all of the same size or at least partially different sizes. The use of casting piston drive pistons of different weights does not require any changes to the casting chamber.

In a further development of the invention, the additional mass unit of the moving system part, which is arranged so as to be relatively movable with respect to the system main part, contains an additional mass body arranged to slide between an initial position and an end position on the moving system main part, the starting position being defined by an initial end stop on the moving system main part and / or the end position being defined by a Impact end stop is defined on the moving main part of the system. In this case, after braking the moving main system part at the end of the mold filling phase, the additional mass unit initially continues to move from the initial position at essentially unchanged speed due to its inertia and then brakes when the impact end stop is reached in order to delay its impulse effect on the main system part and over this to unfold onto the melt material in the casting mold.

It goes without saying that the relatively movable additional mass unit can comprise a plurality of individual such additional mass bodies, each with an associated, preferably variable, sliding stroke, depending on requirements and the application. In corresponding system designs, the sliding additional mass bodies can differ in their sliding stroke, whereby their impulse effect at the end of the mold filling phase at different times on the melt material in the casting mold exercise, which allows a great variability of the time course of the impulse effect of the moving system part on the melt material in the casting mold.

In one embodiment of the invention, the initial end stop on the moving main system part is adjustable. Alternatively or additionally, the impact end stop on the moving main part of the system can be adjusted. With each of these two measures, the sliding stroke of the additional mass unit on the moving main system part and thus the delay time by which the additional mass unit brakes later than the main system part at the end of the mold filling phase can be adjusted.

In an advantageous variant, provision can furthermore be made to variably adjust the sliding stroke of the additional mass unit manually or automatically as a function of the casting speed at which the moving system part moves during the mold filling phase before braking. In this way, for example, the delay time of the additional mass unit can be kept essentially constant even if the casting speed is changed to adapt to other circumstances, e.g. using a different casting mold and / or a different casting melt material.

In one embodiment of the invention, the casting piston system contains a locking unit for releasably locking the additional mass body in the starting position or in the end position or at a predeterminable locking position between the starting position and the end position. When the locking unit is activated, it locks the additional mass body in the relevant position and thus turns it into an additional mass body that is rigidly coupled to the moving system main part, which then develops its impulse effect on the melt material in the casting mold at the end of the mold filling phase at the same time as the rest of the moving system part. After this lock has been released, the additional mass body can again function as an additional mass unit acting on the melt material in the casting mold with a delay in relation to the rest of the moving system part.

Fig.1

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Gießkolbensystems und zugehöriger Gießkammer und Gießform eines erfindungsgemäßen Gießkolbensystems mit am Gießkolben-Antriebskolben fixiertem Zusatzmassenkörper für eine Druckgießmaschine,

Fig. 2

die Ansicht von Fig. 1 ohne Gießkammer und Gießform in einer Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Gießkolbensystems mit an der Gießkolbenkupplung fixiertem Zusatzmassenkörper,

Fig. 3

die Ansicht von Fig. 2 für eine Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Gießkolbensystems mit an der Gießkolbenstange fixiertem Zusatzmassenkörper,

Fig. 4

die Ansicht von Fig. 2 für eine Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Gießkolbensystems mit wahlweise zusätzlich ankoppelbaren Zusatzmassenkörpern,

Fig. 5

die Ansicht von Fig. 2 für eine Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Gießkolbensystems mit gleitbeweglich angeordnetem Zusatzmassenkörper,

Fig. 6

die Ansicht von Fig. 2 für eine Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Gießkolbensystems mit einem Satz mehrerer Gießkolben und/oder Gießkolbenstangen und/oder Gießkolbenkupplungen und/oder GießkolbenAntriebskolben jeweils vordefiniert unterschiedlicher Masse,

Fig. 7

ein schematisches Flussdiagramm zur Veranschaulichung vorliegend interessierender Schritte eines erfindungsgemäßen Gießverfahrens und

Fig. 8

ein Kennliniendiagramm zur Veranschaulichung des zeitlichen Schmelzedruckverlaufs in einer Gießform während eines Gießvorgangs für unterschiedliche, erfindungsgemäße und nicht erfindungsgemäße Durchführungsvarianten eines Gießvorgangs.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. These and further embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below. Here show:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a casting piston system and associated casting chamber and casting mold of a casting piston system according to the invention with an additional mass body for a die casting machine fixed on the casting piston drive piston,

Fig. 2

the view of Fig. 1 without casting chamber and casting mold in a variant of the casting piston system according to the invention with an additional mass body fixed to the casting piston coupling,

Fig. 3

the view of Fig. 2 for an embodiment of the casting piston system according to the invention with an additional mass body fixed to the casting piston rod,

Fig. 4

the view of Fig. 2 for an embodiment of the casting piston system according to the invention with additional mass bodies that can optionally be additionally coupled,

Fig. 5

the view of Fig. 2 for a variant of the casting piston system according to the invention with an additional mass body arranged in a slidable manner,

Fig. 6

the view of Fig. 2 for an embodiment of the casting piston system according to the invention with a set of several casting pistons and / or casting piston rods and / or casting piston couplings and / or casting piston drive pistons, each with a predefined mass,

Fig. 7

a schematic flow diagram to illustrate the presently interesting steps of a casting method according to the invention and

Fig. 8

a characteristic diagram to illustrate the temporal melt pressure profile in a casting mold during a casting process for different implementation variants according to the invention and not according to the invention of a casting process.

In Fig. 1 an inventive casting piston system for a die casting machine is shown schematically, the casting piston system being a stationary system part 1 and a moving system part 2 included. The stationary system part 1 comprises, for example, as shown, a casting chamber 12 and a casting piston drive cylinder 13, the latter often also referred to as the casting cylinder for short. The casting chamber 12 opens, as usual, into a casting mold 14 which is formed by a fixed and a movable casting mold half of the die casting machine. The moving system part 2 is movable with respect to the stationary system part 1 in order to introduce melt material into the casting mold 14 in a respective casting cycle, for which purpose it comprises a casting piston 3, a casting piston rod 4 and a rod drive unit 5 and for braking at the end of a mold filling phase of the casting cycle under the action of pressure the melt material is set up.

The casting piston 3 is arranged so as to be axially movable in a fluid-tight manner in the casting chamber 12, which is, for example, of cylindrical shape. In the example shown, the casting piston rod 4 carries the casting piston 3 at its front end region and is coupled to the rod drive unit 5 at its rear end region, specifically to a casting piston coupling 9 of the rod drive unit 5. In the example shown, the casting piston coupling 9 couples the casting piston rod 4 to a front end region of a Casting piston drive piston 10 of the rod drive unit 5, which is axially movably guided in the casting piston drive cylinder 13. The casting piston drive piston 10 is optionally coupled to a pressure multiplier unit (not shown).

According to the invention, the moving system part 2 has a rigid mass that can be variably adjusted between different casting cycles and / or consists, as in the exemplary embodiment of FIG Fig. 5 , from a moving main system part 2a and a rigid additional mass unit Z _E arranged relatively movably relative to this, which is set up to decelerate a predeterminable delay time later than the main system part 2a at the end of the mold filling phase of the casting cycle.

In corresponding embodiments, the casting piston system according to the invention contains one or more rigid additional mass bodies which are each designed for detachable attachment to the moving system part 2 and, when attached, form a component of the moving system part 2 that is rigidly coupled to movement. Fig. 1 shows a variant embodiment in this regard, in which such an additional mass body ZK can be released especially on the casting piston drive piston 10 of the moving system part 2 is appropriate. Fig. 2 shows a variant embodiment in this regard, in which such an additional mass body ZK is releasably attached specifically to the casting piston coupling 9 of the moving system part 2. Fig. 3 shows a variant embodiment in this regard, in which such an additional mass body ZK is specifically detachably attached to the casting piston rod 4 of the moving system part 2. It goes without saying that in this case the additional mass body ZK is attached in an axial section of the casting piston rod 4 which lies outside or behind an immersion depth with which the casting piston rod 4 for advancing the casting piston 3 is maximally immersed in the casting chamber 1 in a front rod section , so that the additional mass body ZK does not hinder the forward movement of the casting piston rod 4 with its front immersion depth section into the casting chamber 12. Fig. 4 shows a related embodiment variant in which several such additional mass bodies ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ZK ₃ can optionally be detachably attached to the moving system part 2, for example to the casting piston coupling 9 or the casting piston drive piston 10, with Fig. 4 shows a situation in which only a first additional mass body ZK _{1 is} detachably attached to the moving system part 2, here specifically on the casting piston coupling 9. It is preferably provided that the assembly and disassembly of the one or more additional mass bodies ZK or ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , takes place without tools and / or using a quick-change or quick-release system.

In such embodiment variants with several additional mass bodies ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ detachably attachable to the moving system part 2, it can be advantageous if at least two of the several additional mass bodies ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... have a different mass. For example, these additional mass bodies ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... can differ in their mass by powers of the number 2, ie the next heavier additional mass body has twice the mass of the next lighter additional mass body. With such a binary graduation of the mass of the additional mass bodies ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ..., any integer multiples of the smallest mass of the lightest additional mass body with a comparatively small number of additional mass bodies to be provided for the total mass of all additional mass bodies ZK ₁ , ZK _2,. .. to adjust.

As in the exemplary embodiment from FIG Fig. 4 , the stationary system part 2 an additional mass storage unit 6 for stored Providing the additional mass body (s) ZK or ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... on. An example is in Fig. 4 an embodiment is shown in which the additional mass body ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... are detachably suspended from an additional mass holder 6a functioning as an additional mass storage unit 6, which in turn is attached to the stationary system part 1, e.g. the casting piston drive cylinder 13, or alternatively to another stationary, fixed component of the die casting machine in question is arranged. The additional mass body ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... stored in this way can then be removed from the additional mass storage unit 6 individually or in any combination as required and releasably attached to the moving system part 2 in order to carry out the relevant casting cycle with the desired total mass of the moving system part 2 to run.

In corresponding implementations, the casting piston system comprises an additional mass handling unit 7, which is used to automatically attach the respective additional mass body ZK or ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... to the moving system part 2 and to automatically remove the respective additional mass body ZK or ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... is set up by the moving system part 2. Such an additional mass handling unit 7 is shown in FIG Fig. 4 shown in block diagram form for the exemplary embodiment there. It can, for example, comprise a handling robot which is customary per se and which is specifically configured to carry out the required handling measures. Alternatively, the attachment and removal of the respective additional mass body ZK, ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... on or from the moving system part 2 can be carried out by appropriate operating personnel.

In corresponding embodiments, the casting piston system according to the invention comprises, as in FIG Fig. 6 illustrates a set of several in Fig. 6 Block diagram reproduced casting piston 3 ₁ to 3 _n1 with predefined different mass, which differ in their mass by predefined mass increments and are set up for interchangeable use as casting piston 3 of the moving system part 2, and / or a set of several in Fig. 6 Block diagram reproduced casting piston rods 4 ₁ to 4 _n2 with predefined different mass, which differ in their mass by predefined mass increments and are set up for interchangeable use as casting piston rod 4 of the moving system part 2, and / or a set of several in Fig. 6 Cast piston couplings 9 ₁ to 9 _n3 shown in block diagrams with predefined different masses, which are in differ in their mass by predefined mass increments and are set up for interchangeable use as a casting piston coupling 9 of the rod drive unit 5 of the moving system part 2, and / or a set of several in Fig. 6 Cast piston drive piston 10 ₁ to 10 _{n4 shown in block diagram form} with predefined different masses, which differ in their mass by predefined mass increments and are set up for interchangeable use as casting piston drive piston 10 of rod drive unit 5 of moving system part 2.

Depending on the application and the desired total mass of the moving system part 2, the actually used casting piston 3 from the number n1 of existing casting pistons 3 ₁ to 3 _{n1 of} different mass and / or the actually used casting piston rod 4 from the number n2 of casting piston rods 4 ₁ to 4 _{n2 of} different mass and / or the casting piston coupling 9 actually used can be selected from the number n3 of casting piston couplings 9 ₁ to 9 _{n3 of} different masses and / or the casting piston drive piston 10 actually used can be selected from the number n4 of casting piston drive pistons 10 ₁ to 10 _{n4 of} different masses. Depending on the system design, of the four mentioned sets of casting pistons 3 ₁ to 3 _n1 , casting piston rods 4 ₁ to 4 _n2 , casting piston couplings 9 ₁ to 9 _n3 and casting piston drive pistons 10 ₁ to 10 _n4, all four sets can be present in a given casting piston system only one of the four sentences or any two or three of the four sentences can be provided.

In this type of embodiment of the invention, the mass of the moving system part 2 can be variably adjusted between different casting cycles by choosing another casting piston and / or another casting piston rod and / or another casting piston coupling and / or another casting piston drive piston. If necessary, the detachable attachment of one or more additional mass bodies to the moving system part 2 can also be provided, in the example shown in FIG Fig. 6 illustrated by the additional mass body ZK detachably attached to the casting piston rod 4. In addition, this type of embodiment can, if necessary, be supplemented by the above-mentioned additional mass unit Z _E, which is arranged so as to be relatively movable with respect to the moving main system part 2a.

The mass increments by which the respective casting pistons 3 ₁ to 3 _n1 , casting piston rods 4 ₁ to 4 _n2 , casting piston couplings 9 ₁ to 9 _n3 or casting piston drive pistons 10 ₁ to 10 _{n4 differ} in their mass, can depending on the circumstances or Requirements can be predefined appropriately. As a rule, it is useful to keep the mass increments between two consecutive components and / or the total mass difference between the lightest and the heaviest component of the respective set within specified limits. This can be implemented, for example, by specifying a suitable threshold value by which the mass increments of the respective component set differ as much as possible, and / or by which the mass of the heaviest component of the respective set is at most greater than the mass of the lightest component of the set, e.g. specified as Percentage.

In some embodiments, the relative to the system main part 2a relatively movably arranged additional mass unit Z _E a slidably arranged between an initial position and an end position at the moving system main part 2 additional mass body Z _M, wherein the initial position is defined by an initial end stop IA on the moving system main part 2a and / or the end position is defined by an impact end stop AA on the moving main system part 2a. Fig. 5 shows a corresponding embodiment, which has both the initial end stop IA and the impact end stop AA on the moving main system part 2.

In advantageous implementations, at least the initial end stop IA or the impact end stop AA on the moving main system part 2 can be adjusted, with both end stops IA, AA being able to be adjusted. The end stop can be adjusted manually, for example by means of a manually operated screw spindle, or automatically by means of a corresponding actuator mechanism, as required. In the embodiment of Fig. 5 the impact end stop AA is provided on the casting piston coupling 9, while the initial end stop IA is provided by an initial end stop body 8 which is axially adjustable on the casting piston drive piston 10.

The additional mass body Z _M can consequently move by a sliding stroke or stroke H corresponding to the axial distance between the starting position and the end position in a sliding manner relative to the rest of the moving system part, ie relative to the moving main system part 2a. If the moving main system part 2a _{moves together with the additional mass body Z M} during the mold filling phase at a defined feed rate and the moving system main part 2a brakes at the end of the mold filling phase, the sliding additional mass body Z _M initially maintains this feed rate until it reaches its stroke H from the Has moved the starting position to the end position and then brakes at the impact end stop AA. The additional mass body Z _M thus brakes at the end of the mold filling phase of the casting cycle by a predetermined delay time later than the main system part 2a, which is divided from the quotient of the stroke H by the feed rate of the moving system part 2 at the end of the mold filling phase directly before braking the main system part 2a results.

In the case of the adjustability of at least one of the two end stops IA, AA, which means a corresponding adjustment of the stroke H, the delay time by which the additional mass body Z _{M is} later than can be specified in a desired manner according to the functional relationship with the stroke H explained above the main system part 2a brakes without the need to change the feed rate for the moving system part 2.

In the embodiment of Fig. 5 the relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E consists solely of the additional mass body Z _M , in alternative embodiments the relatively movable additional mass unit Z _{E contains} one or more additional mass bodies which are arranged so as to be relatively movable in a desired manner with respect to the moving main system part 2a. In further alternative embodiments, in addition to the additional mass unit Z _E, one or more additional mass bodies of the type of the additional mass body ZK are used Figs. 1 to 3 or according to the type of additional mass body ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... from Fig. 4 which are set up for detachable attachment to the moving system part 2 and, in the attached state, form a component of the moving system part 2 that is rigidly coupled to the rest of the moving system part. While the rigidly coupled attachment of additional mass bodies, such as the one additional mass body ZK according to the Figs. 1 to 3 or the several additional mass bodies ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , in the embodiment of FIG Fig. 4 , a corresponding additional impulse transfer to the melt material at the end of the mold filling phase exactly at the time of the primary impulse transfer due to the braking of the moving system part 2 or the moving main system part 2a, causes the relatively movable coupling of the additional mass unit Z _E to the rest of the moving system part, ie the main system part 2a, an additional impulse transfer to the melt material, which takes place at the end of the mold filling phase by the predefinable delay time later than the primary impulse transfer due to the braking of the moving main system part 2a.

To illustrate this with an example of numbers, it is assumed, for example, that the feed speed of the moving system part 2 towards the end of the mold filling phase is 5m / s and the rigid mass of the moving main system part 2a is 100kg, the mass of the additional mass unit Z _E 20kg and the sliding stroke H of the additional mass unit Z _E 50mm. Then the additional mass unit Z _E applies an additional impulse of 20% to the melt material based on the impulse of the rigid mass of the moving system main part 2a, this impulse transfer beginning 10 ms after the impulse transfer by the braking of the moving system main part 2a. The delayed impulse transfer effect can bridge the time span between the first pressure peak, which is due to the impulse transfer of the rigid mass of the moving main system part 2s at the time of the end of the mold, and an effect of an optional pressure multiplier device that typically only begins approx. 20 ms to 35 ms after the mold has been filled, without in this case the first pressure peak is increased so that any overmolding of the mold can be avoided.

The delayed point in time of the _{impulse transfer additionally impressed by the additional mass unit Z E} to the melt material can be influenced in a targeted manner depending on the circumstances or the casting parameters, in particular depending on the casting piston speed and the structural casting arrangement. By adjusting the end stop, ie adjusting the sliding stroke H, the delayed impulse transmission effect can be used for the purpose of process optimization for set the successive casting cycles variably. If desired, the mass of the additional mass unit Z _{E can also be} varied, for example by exchanging the additional mass unit Z _E or by constructing the additional mass unit Z _E from a variable number of additional mass bodies that can optionally be coupled relatively movably to the moving system main part 2a. In this way, the strength and / or the point in time of this additional pulse transmission to the melt material at the end of the mold filling phase can be set in such a way that the desired optimal cast part quality results, which can be determined empirically or by computer simulation, for example.

In corresponding implementations of the invention, the moving system part 2 contains several additional mass units Z _E which are arranged relatively movably relative to the system main part 2a and which, at the end of the mold filling phase of the casting cycle, brake an individually predeterminable delay time later than the system main part 2a. In this case, for each additional mass unit Z _E , its mass and thus the strength of the additional impulse transfer to the melt material as well as the point in time at which it transfers the additional impulse to the melt material due to its deceleration can be set individually. If necessary, with this embodiment variant, a time-staggered, successive additional pulse transmission to the melt material can be provided _{by the several successively braked additional mass units Z E.}

In advantageous implementations, the casting piston system includes, as for the embodiment of FIG Fig. 5 shown, a locking unit 11 for releasably locking the additional mass body Z _M in the initial position or in the end position or at a predeterminable locking position between the initial position and the end position. The locking unit 11 is exemplary in the implementation of Fig. 5 formed by a locking bolt device with a locking bolt pivotably held on the casting piston coupling 9, which engages in a matching bolt receptacle on the additional mass body Z _M when the additional mass body Z _{M has reached} its end position, ie in this case the impact end stop AA on the casting piston coupling 9.

The locking unit 11 ensures that the additional mass body Z _{M is held there} after reaching its impact end stop AA. After the end of the casting process the lock is released so that the additional mass body Z _{M can} return to its starting position. The return movement of the additional mass body Z _M can optionally, as in the example of Fig. 5 realized, are supported by a return spring arrangement 15, which in this example is held on the one hand on the additional mass body Z _M and on the other hand in a receptacle in the casting piston coupling 9.

Fig. 7 illustrates in a schematic flowchart form a casting method according to the invention only with the method steps of interest here for a die casting machine, which is carried out with a casting piston system according to the invention, for example in an embodiment in the manner of one of the Figures 1 to 6 is equipped. As is known per se, one or more casting parameters are recorded for the implementation of a respective casting cycle, which parameters are derived from one or more previous casting cycles and / or are specified for the upcoming casting cycle. These casting parameters are recorded by a machine control with which the die casting machine is typically equipped and which also forms or includes a control unit for the casting piston system. As is also known per se, the control unit for the casting piston system is set up to control or regulate the respective casting process.

Characteristically, in the casting piston system according to the invention, the control unit determines the mass of the moving system part 2 to be optimally set for the pending casting cycle (s) and / or the delay time to be optimally set for the pending casting cycle (s) of the additional mass unit Z _E, which is arranged relatively movably relative to the moving system main part 2a. For this purpose, the control unit preferably evaluates the actual values of one or more casting parameters, recorded by sensors or otherwise, belonging to one or more previous casting cycles, in particular those casting parameters which influence or represent the quality of the cast part produced and / or the effectiveness of the casting process. The control unit is thus able to optimize the casting cycle automatically, depending on the design of the control, purely in a controlling and / or iterative manner and / or using previously performed computer simulations and / or by means of real-time control interventions during the respective casting process.

According to the method, as in Fig. 7 indicated, the mass of the moving system part 2 and / or the delay time for the relatively movably arranged additional mass unit Z _E for one or more future casting cycles as a function of the at least one detected casting parameter set variably. The casting process is then carried out with a correspondingly optimized casting process management.

In corresponding versions, the control unit is set up by an algorithm suitably stored in it, within the scope of the process according to the implementation of the casting processes from the casting piston position, the casting piston speed, ie the feed speed of the moving system part 2, and the mass of the moving system part 2 or the mass of the moving system main part 2a and the mass of the sliding additional mass unit Z _{E to determine} the associated pulse or a pulse equivalent relevant for the pulse transmission to the melt material and to make it available for further processing. This can also be used, for example, to visually or in some other way display or represent the determined impulse transfer effect as a measure of the compression effect of the first pressure peak taking place in the melt at the end of the mold filling phase.

Furthermore, the control unit is set up in appropriate designs to generate the required mass for the moving system part 2 or for the moving main system part 2a and to determine the relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E or to determine it empirically or by computer simulation on the basis of an associated characteristic map specific to the cast part to be produced. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit can be designed to determine the optimal additional mass without knowledge of the actual pressure peak, in this case, for example, empirically based on the evaluated quality of the cast part, with the casting piston speed being varied without changing the impulse effect.

In particular, one or more of the following factors are used as influencing factors: the preselected or actual casting piston speed in the mold filling phase; the mass of the moving system part 2 without a relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E and without detachable additional _{mass bodies ZK, ZK 1} , ...; the Clamping force of the mold clamping unit of the die casting machine; the rupture surface of the casting and / or sprue; the weight of the casting and / or sprue; the characteristics of the cast part, in particular with regard to wall thicknesses; the composition of the melt material; the effective casting piston diameter in the casting chamber 12; the dimensions of the casting piston drive, in particular with regard to diameter and hydraulic effective areas; the hydraulic drive pressure of the casting piston drive; the parameters of the optional pressure multiplier device, in particular with regard to dimensions and hydraulic effective areas of the multiplier unit, pressure profile specification and multiplier system pressure; and the current and / or maximum possible value for the sliding stroke H in the case of an existing, relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E.

In addition, the control unit can be set up to determine the associated value for the sliding stroke H at a desired height of the first pressure peak when the mass of the relatively movable, existing additional mass unit Z _{E is known, or from an empirically or computer simulation determined for} to determine the specific characteristics map to be produced. In this case, too, an analogous procedure can be used if the actual pressure peak is not known, but the momentum transfer effect is empirically assessed as good and only the plunger speed is to be varied without changing the momentum transfer effect. As an additional influencing factor, if the locking unit 11 is present, its locked state, ie whether the relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E or the relatively movable additional mass body Z _M is locked by the locking unit 11 or not.

It goes without saying that selected changes in mass for the moving system part 2 are suitably taken into account by the control unit for the overall control of the casting piston system. For example, a change in the mass of the moving system part 2 requires correspondingly changed drive forces in order to accelerate the moving system part 2.

The detection of the casting parameters is supported by suitable sensors, as understood by a person skilled in the art with knowledge of the sensor tasks. The sensor system can in particular contain one or more of the following sensors: one or more limit switches for detecting the presence, rigid coupled additional mass body ZK, ZK ₁ , ... and / or the relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E ; wired and / or wireless identification sensors for identifying individual additional mass bodies and / or component components of the casting piston system and in particular of its moving system part 2; Acceleration sensors, the sensor information of which can be evaluated together with sensor data from the casting drive system, in particular with regard to position, pressures, etc., in order to determine the total mass of the moving system part 2; a sensor for measuring the current sliding stroke H in the presence of the relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E ; a sensor for detecting whether the relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E or the additional mass body Z _{M is} in the initial position; and a sensor for detecting whether the relatively movable additional mass unit Z _E or the relatively movable additional mass body Z _{M is} in the locked state when the locking unit 11 is present.

Fig. 8 illustrates in the characteristic diagram for exemplary embodiments schematically the typical course of the mold internal pressure, ie the pressure p _{S of} the melt material in the mold, as a function of the time t for the last part of the mold filling phase and the subsequent holding pressure phase. A first characteristic curve K1 shown in dashed lines illustrates a typical time curve of the internal mold pressure ps for a conventional casting piston system without a pressure multiplier device. The casting piston initially moves, for example, at a largely constant feed rate, i.e. filling speed, and as soon as _{the end of the mold filling phase is reached at a point in time t E} , a pressure build-up occurs in the mold, which in turn leads to a pressure increase in the casting chamber, causing the casting piston to up to Standstill is braked, ie the impulse of the casting piston or the moving system part of the casting piston system is reduced to zero with a corresponding increase in the internal mold pressure. The liquid melt material in the mold acts to a certain extent compressible, ie like a hydraulic spring. At a point in time ts the moving system part of the casting piston system comes to a standstill for the first time and the highest pressure value prevails in the mold, ie the first pressure peak. Subsequently, there is a certain damped post-oscillation of the internal mold pressure ps due to a corresponding damped oscillating movement of the moving system part of the casting piston system between the compressible one Melt material on the one hand and the compressible hydraulic fluid in the driving casting unit on the other hand, as can be seen from the course of the characteristic curve K1.

A second characteristic curve K2 illustrates a typical casting process when using the casting piston system according to the invention with an additional mass coupled to the moving system part 2 in a rigid manner, for example the additional mass body ZK according to FIGS Figs. 1 to 3 or the additional mass bodies ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... according to Fig. 4 , and with a pressure multiplier device. Up to the point in time t _E at the end of the mold filling phase with the beginning of the strong pressure increase, the course of the casting process corresponds to that in the conventional case according to the characteristic curve K1, and the explained, dampened post-oscillation also occurs here during the transition to the holding pressure phase. However, the internal mold pressure ps at the time ts of the first pressure peak is higher than in the conventional case, ie the characteristic curve K2 is above the characteristic curve K1 here. And at a point in time t _M , the effect of the pressure multiplier device sets in, by means of which the mold internal pressure ps is then brought to a desired, increased end value p _F , which is well above the end value p _K in the conventional case of the first characteristic curve K1 without a pressure multiplier device. The increase in the internal mold pressure ps at the time of the first pressure peak ts is due to the additional impulse transfer to the melt material in the mold by the rigid additional mass coupled to the moving system part 2 of the casting piston system, which is caused by one or more of the mentioned additional mass bodies ZK, ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ... and / or through the above to Fig. 6 explained replacement of corresponding components of the moving system part 2 is provided by functionally equivalent components of other mass.

A third characteristic curve K3 illustrates an exemplary casting process when using the casting piston system according to the invention in an embodiment corresponding to that as explained above for the second characteristic curve K2, but with an additional, relatively movably arranged additional mass unit Z _E. Since this additional mass unit Z _E only develops its impulse-transmitting effect on the melt material by the predeterminable delay time later than the moving main system part 2a, the time profile of the internal mold pressure p _S in this exemplary embodiment corresponds to that of the characteristic K2 up to a point in time tv, zu according to the characteristic curve K3 which this delay time has expired and the additional mass unit Z _E decelerates and also transfers its impulse to the melt material. As a result, the internal mold pressure ps increases at this point in time tv and the associated characteristic curve K3 lies above the second characteristic curve K2 by a corresponding additional _{pressure in the further course of the casting process until the final pressure p F is reached in the holding pressure phase.} As can be seen from a comparison of the characteristics K2 and K3, the relatively movable arrangement of the additional mass unit Z _E makes it possible to provide a desirable pressure increase contribution to the internal mold pressure ps in the period between the time ts of the first pressure _{peak and the time t M of} the onset of the pressure multiplier effect.

As the exemplary embodiments shown and those explained above make clear, the invention provides an advantageous casting piston system for use in die casting machines with which the die casting processes can be significantly optimized or improved compared to conventional casting processes, especially in the period at the end of the mold filling phase and during the transition to the holding pressure phase let, which in turn enables an increase in the quality of the cast parts produced. In particular, the compression, the strength, the porosity and / or the structure of the cast part can be favorably influenced in that the momentum transfer to the melt material can be varied by changing the mass of the moving system part without necessarily having to change the feed speed of the moving system part.

The invention enables the mold filling time caused by the feed speed of the moving system part 2, ie the duration of the mold filling phase, and the pressure value for the internal mold pressure at the time of the first pressure peak to be influenced in a targeted manner, since this pressure value can be changed according to the invention by changing the mass of the moving system part, without changing the feed rate. The invention thus makes it possible, for example, to assume a casting piston system with a minimal mass of the moving system part, which is fundamentally favorable for achieving short mold filling times due to a higher predeterminable feed rate, and, if necessary, to increase the mass of the moving system part by the measures mentioned in order to achieve a desired pressure level to achieve for the first pressure peak and / or a pressure increase in a period of time after the first pressure peak by the delayed acting, relatively movable additional mass unit provide, in particular as a bridging measure until the onset of a pressure multiplier effect.

Claims (10)

Casting piston system for a die casting machine, with - A stationary system part (1) and - A system part (2) which is moved in a respective casting cycle for introducing melt material into a casting mold relative to the stationary system part and which comprises a casting piston (3), a casting piston rod (4) and a rod drive unit (5) and for braking at the end of a mold filling phase The casting cycle is set up under the action of pressure on the melt material,
characterized in that - The moving system part (2) has a mass that can be variably adjusted between different casting cycles, and / or - The moving system part consists of a moving system main part (2a) and an additional mass unit (Z _E ) which is arranged to be relatively movable with respect to the system main part and which is set up to decelerate at the end of the mold filling phase of the casting cycle by a predeterminable delay time later than the system main part. Casting piston system according to claim 1, further characterized by one or more additional mass bodies (ZK, ZK ₁ , ZK ₂ , ...) which are each set up for detachable attachment to the moving system part and, when attached, form a component of the moving system part. Casting piston system according to claim 2, further characterized in that several additional mass bodies are provided, of which at least two additional mass bodies have a different mass. Casting piston system according to Claim 2 or 3, further characterized in that the stationary system part has an additional mass storage unit (6) for providing the additional mass body or bodies in stock. Casting piston system according to one of Claims 2 to 4, further characterized by an additional mass handling unit (7) which is used for automatic Attaching and removing a respective additional mass body is set up on and from the moving system part. Casting piston system according to one of Claims 1 to 5, further characterized by - A set of several casting pistons (3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , ...) with predefined different mass, which differ in their mass by predefined mass increments and are set up for interchangeable use as casting pistons of the moving system part, and / or - A set of several casting piston rods (4 ₁ , 4 ₂ , ...) with predefined different masses, which differ in their mass by predefined mass increments and are set up for interchangeable use as a casting piston rod of the moving system part, and / or - A set of several casting piston couplings (9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ...) with predefined different mass, which differ in their mass by predefined mass increments and are set up for interchangeable use as a casting piston coupling (9) of the rod drive unit of the moving system part, and /or - A set of several casting piston drive pistons (10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , ...) with predefined different mass, which differ in their mass by predefined mass increments and for interchangeable use as a casting piston drive piston (10) of the rod drive unit of the moving system part are set up. Casting piston system according to one of claims 1 to 6, further characterized in that _{the relatively movably arranged additional mass unit includes an additional mass body (Z M} ) arranged to slide between an initial position and an end position on the moving system main part, the initial position being provided by an initial end stop (IA) on the moving system System main part is defined and / or the end position is defined by an impact end stop (AA) on the moving system main part. Casting piston system according to claim 7, further characterized in that - The initial end stop on the moving main system part is adjustable and / or - the impact end stop on the moving main part of the system is adjustable. Casting piston system according to claim 7 or 8, further characterized by a locking unit (11) for releasably locking the additional mass body in the starting position or in the end position or at a predeterminable locking position between the starting position and the end position. Casting method for a die casting machine with a casting piston system according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which - At least one casting parameter of a respective casting cycle is recorded and the mass of the moving system part and / or the delay time for the relatively movably arranged additional mass unit is variably set for one or more future casting cycles as a function of the at least one detected casting parameter.

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