EP3888154A1 - Battery case and modular battery system - Google Patents

Battery case and modular battery system

Info

Publication number
EP3888154A1
EP3888154A1 EP19868179.3A EP19868179A EP3888154A1 EP 3888154 A1 EP3888154 A1 EP 3888154A1 EP 19868179 A EP19868179 A EP 19868179A EP 3888154 A1 EP3888154 A1 EP 3888154A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
housing
conductive portion
boxes
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19868179.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Matthieu Desbois-Renaudin
Jean-Noël CARMINATI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wattalps
Original Assignee
Wattalps
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wattalps filed Critical Wattalps
Publication of EP3888154A1 publication Critical patent/EP3888154A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery box and a modular battery system comprising at least two battery boxes connected to each other.
  • a first solution implemented in the automotive industry consists in forming an electrically insulating plastic battery box, so as to best withstand the weather and to guarantee very good electrical insulation with respect to users.
  • Another solution is the use of an electrically conductive metal battery box, which is itself set to the electrical potential of the chassis of the vehicle.
  • a An insulation detector is present in the vehicle and makes it possible to detect any fault in the electrical insulation between the power path and the chassis of the vehicle (therefore the battery trunk). As in impedant neutral (IT), a single fault is not dangerous, only a double fault can become dangerous. It is therefore necessary to warn the user so that as soon as the first fault appears, a repair operation is planned.
  • the lower part of the boot is generally made of thick cast aluminum to ensure mechanical strength and limit the weight, while the upper part is made of stamped or folded / welded sheet metal.
  • the main difficulty linked to this type of implementation is to ensure continuity of mass between the different battery boxes. Indeed, to make large batteries with this technology, it is necessary to divide the battery into smaller sub-assemblies compatible with the maximum dimensions authorized by this extrusion process. All metal battery boxes must then be electrically connected to each other so as to ensure ground continuity. This creates complications in the manufacturing process since aluminum naturally covers itself with an electrically insulating layer of alumina in contact with air. This layer must be removed to ensure good electrical contact before assembly. In addition, aluminum is often subjected to a surface treatment (for example anodization) to ensure its resistance to corrosion. The safest solution is therefore to add a grounding connector for each battery box, which makes assembly more complex and costly.
  • the realization of the box by foundry or aluminum injection instead of extrusion can facilitate the realization of the sealing but also of the grounding since the point of attachment of the battery box to the chassis of the vehicle can also serve as Grounding.
  • An object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the aforementioned solutions and in particular to design a battery box making it possible both to ensure great modularity, to resist corrosion, to ensure good continuity of mass with the other battery boxes, and present costs as low as aluminum extrusion technology.
  • the invention provides a battery box comprising:
  • a housing formed of a profile having two pairs of opposite faces and two open ends, configured to be assembled to a housing of another trunk along one of said faces, called the support face,
  • said case being characterized in that it comprises at least one electrically conductive portion in relief with respect to each bearing face of the housing, so as to ensure electrical contact with the other case by pressing said electrically conductive portion against a electrically conductive portion of the other trunk.
  • profile is meant that the housing is made by extrusion, in particular aluminum.
  • longitudinal direction of the housing means the direction of extrusion.
  • the housing is an aluminum profile.
  • each cover has an edge in relief relative to each face of the housing, and one of the two covers is electrically conductive, said electrically conductive cover being in electrical contact with the housing, the edge of said cover constituting the electrically portion trunk operator.
  • the electrically conductive portion is a longitudinal strip forming the top of a rib formed on each bearing face of the housing during the extrusion of the profile.
  • said rib has a constant thickness in the longitudinal direction of the housing.
  • the rib comprises a portion having a maximum thickness in a central region of the housing, and two lateral portions having a decreasing thickness in the direction of each end of the housing.
  • the electrically conductive portion comprises a plate of an electrically conductive material welded or brazed on each bearing face of the housing.
  • the electrically conductive portion comprises a spring leaf screwed onto each bearing face of the housing, said spring leaf being in contact with the bearing face of the housing by an electrically conductive region of said bearing face.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a modular battery system comprising at least two battery boxes as described above.
  • the boxes are stacked along the bearing faces of the boxes, and pressed against each other by a compression device, the electrically conductive portion of a first box being held in elastic support against the electrically conductive portion of a second box so as to ensure electrical contact between the first box and the second box.
  • the compression device comprises a plurality of tie rods extending through the covers of each chest.
  • the system further comprises two electrically conductive brackets arranged on either side of the stack of safes, each bracket being held in abutment against the electrically conductive portion of an adjacent trunk by a compression device and configured to be electrically connected to the chassis of a vehicle.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a vehicle equipped with a modular battery system as described above, comprising an electrical connection between the chassis of said vehicle and the electrically conductive portion of all of the boxes forming said battery.
  • the invention also relates to a method for ensuring the electrical safety of a modular battery system of a vehicle, comprising:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a battery box according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a modular battery system comprising an assembly of nine boxes of the type illustrated in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the system of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a housing according to one embodiment;
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a housing according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a battery box which is formed from a housing having a substantially parallelepiped shape and from two covers hermetically closing the housing.
  • the housing contains electrical accumulators connected to each other by electrical connection elements.
  • the internal structure of the trunk is not the subject of the invention, it will not be described in detail in the present text.
  • the housing is made by extruding a metal, especially aluminum, and cut to the desired length.
  • the housing is therefore in the form of a profile of substantially rectangular section, open at its two ends.
  • the housing includes two opposite main faces and two opposite secondary faces.
  • the term “main faces” is understood to mean the faces with the largest surface, the secondary faces having a smaller surface.
  • Aluminum oxidizes naturally in the open air, the outer surface of the profile is covered with a layer of alumina which is electrically insulating and protective against corrosion.
  • covers are arranged at each end of the profile to seal the case hermetically and physically isolate the accumulators from the environment outside the battery.
  • the covers are fitted outside the housing, so as to cover the ends of the profile and to compress a peripheral seal arranged between the edge of the cover and the profile.
  • the covers are made of an electrically insulating material.
  • one of the covers may be made of an electrically conductive material; in this case, the design of the safe is defined to avoid any electrical contact between said electrically conductive cover and the live elements arranged inside the safe.
  • a modular battery is produced by stacking several boxes. In this stack, one face of a housing is in contact with one face of an adjacent housing. The faces which are thus brought into contact are called “bearing faces” in the rest of the text. This support is maintained over time by the compression of the stack of safes by a compression device.
  • the housings are assembled to each other by means of their main faces.
  • the boxes can be assembled to each other by means of their secondary faces.
  • the choice of assembling the boxes along their main faces or along their secondary faces depends in particular on the constraints in terms of surface and volume available for the battery. For example, for a vehicle having little volume under the floor to install the battery, an assembly of the boxes along their secondary faces is preferred. On the other hand, for a machine which is not subject to space constraints, an assembly of the boxes along their main faces may be preferred.
  • the boxes are electrically connected to each other at the level of electrically conductive zones which are kept in contact by the compression of the boxes, and electrically connected to the chassis of the vehicle.
  • the electrical connection to the chassis of the vehicle can be carried out by any suitable means, for example an electrically conductive braid extending between one of the boxes and the chassis, or even by an element of the compression device fixed directly or indirectly to the chassis. .
  • the compression device comprises tie rods which extend through the trunks along the stack.
  • each housing and each cover comprises holes for passage of the tie rods.
  • Two electrically conductive brackets are arranged at each end of the stack and electrically connected to the boxes.
  • the brackets can be aluminum, steel or stainless steel.
  • the brackets are advantageously adapted to fix the modular battery on the chassis of a vehicle or machine and thus directly ensure an electrical connection between the safes and the chassis of the vehicle.
  • the brackets can be electrically connected to the chassis by means of a ground braid, one end of which is fixed to the bracket and the opposite end is fixed to the chassis.
  • the compression device comprises one or more straps, or even flanges, it being understood that the person skilled in the art can choose any suitable compression device.
  • Each bearing face of the housing comprises at least one electrically conductive portion in relief with respect to said face, so as to ensure electrical contact with the other safe by pressing said electrically conductive portion against an electrically conductive portion of the other chest.
  • the electrically conductive element In the case where several elements are in relief relative to the bearing face, one of said elements being electrically conductors and another not being electrically conductive, the electrically conductive element must be at a greater distance from the bearing face than the non-electrically conductive element, in order to ensure that the electrically conductive elements are in good contact during compression of the boxes.
  • the electrically conductive portion (s) are arranged identically on the two opposite support faces of the housing, so that the electrically conductive portion (s) of the support face d 'a housing are in contact with the portion (s) electrically conductive (s) of the bearing face of another housing to which it is assembled.
  • the electrically conductive portion (s) on each bearing face is arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the bearing face, so that the orientation of the housing is indifferent for bringing it into contact different chests.
  • Said electrically conductive portion can be produced in different ways.
  • the support face comprises at least one rib in relief relative to the surface of said support face.
  • the top of said rib is in the form of an electrically conductive strip.
  • the electrically conductive nature of the strip can be obtained by various techniques.
  • a first technique consists in implementing a treatment of the surface of the entire surface of the profile which is both protective against corrosion and electrically conductive; for example, an Alodine / SurTec treatment or chemical nickel plating can be used.
  • Another technique consists of masking the strips and applying an anti-corrosion treatment to the rest of the profile surface. For example, in addition to the aforementioned treatments, anodization can be implemented.
  • the bands which have been masked they can be treated according to different methods.
  • a first method consists in brushing or surfacing the strip to remove the alumina layer, whether or not accompanied by the application of a contact grease, just before assembling the boxes.
  • a second technique consists in applying to the strip, after removing the mask, a treatment ensuring both good electrical conduction and protection against the formation of alumina and / or corrosion. Such a treatment must in particular guarantee good electronic conductivity and have the lowest possible hardness to ensure the most intimate contact possible between two strips applied against each other.
  • said electrically conductive portion is in the form of a part made of an electrically conductive material distinct from the housing and fixed outside the corresponding bearing face, in contact with an electrically conductive area of said bearing face. Attaching the electrically conductive portion offers greater latitude as to the shape of said portion, independently of the extrusion of the profile.
  • said part does not exhibit necessarily a strip shape, but may have a plate, disc, etc. shape
  • said part can be shaped to deform elastically when the safes are brought into contact.
  • the electrical contact is provided by one of the covers, which is then made of an electrically conductive material.
  • the cover being fitted on the outside of the profile, it constitutes a protuberance with respect to each face of the housing, even if the bearing faces of the housing are flat.
  • the compression of the trunk stack has the effect of bringing into intimate contact the electrically conductive portions in relief of two bearing faces facing each other, in order to ensure electrical contact between said areas.
  • This compression implements an elastic deformation of the profile and / or of an electrically conductive part attached to the bearing face of the profile, providing a spring effect.
  • the amplitude of the relief is chosen as a function of the elastic deformation capacity of the bearing face and / or of the added elastic part.
  • a crushing of the order of 0.1 to 0.6 mm is sought after the compression of the boxes. In general, a distance of a few tenths of a millimeter between the surface of the bearing face and the electrically conductive portion is suitable.
  • the total surface of the electrically conductive area (s) of each bearing face is chosen to have a contact resistance of the same order as that of the power connections.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a battery box according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the trunk 0 comprises a housing 1 in the form of a profile, and two covers 2, 3 arranged hermetically at each end of the housing.
  • the covers are fitted on the outside of the profile; consequently, a respective edge 20, 30 of the covers 2, 3 covers part of the external surface of the profile and is therefore in relief with respect thereto.
  • the box is intended to be assembled with another box via the main faces of the boxes, and kept in compression by a device comprising two brackets and tie rods, as will be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • Each cover comprises two through holes on each bearing face, intended for the passage of the compression compression rods.
  • Each main face comprises two longitudinal ribs 4 which extend from one end to the other of the housing, on either side of a plane of symmetry comprising the longitudinal axis of the profile. Said ribs are formed during the extrusion of the profile and are therefore integral with the housing.
  • each rib 4 has a flat top defining a longitudinal strip.
  • Said longitudinal strip can be made electrically conductive by a surfacing aimed removing the alumina layer.
  • this surfacing operation is advantageously carried out shortly before assembly of the boxes. It can also be accompanied by the application of an electrical contact grease which prevents alumina reformation and improves electrical conduction
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a modular battery comprising nine boxes as illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 shows said modular battery in the assembled state.
  • the stack of boxes is arranged between two electrically conductive brackets 7 which are each in electrical contact with the bearing face of the adjacent box.
  • the tie rods 6 pass through the brackets and the stack of chests.
  • Each bracket 7 comprises tabs 70 provided with holes for fixing the modular battery to the chassis of a vehicle by three bolts. The brackets 7 therefore make it possible to provide an electrical connection between the modular battery and the vehicle chassis.
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a profile at a rib according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the ribs being formed during the extrusion of the profile, they have a constant thickness over the entire length of the housing.
  • each rib can be rectified at its two ends in order to keep the thickness constant on a central portion 4a, but to reduce the thickness in the direction of the two ends on two lateral portions 4b.
  • the electrical contact will be made essentially at the level of the central portions 4 of the ribs.
  • the surface of the strip of the central portion 4a can be between 10% and 50% of the surface of the strip of the rib 4.
  • the electrically conductive portion is not formed during the extrusion of the profile but is attached to the housing 1.
  • Said electrically conductive portion is a plate 40, for example made of aluminum or brass, welded or brazed to the outside of the bearing face.
  • the welding method used can be electric welding or brazing. In the latter case, tinning of the profile in the area to be brazed is carried out beforehand. Thus, the welded or brazed part is in electrical contact with said bearing face.
  • the electrically conductive portion is a leaf spring 41 attached to the bearing face of the housing 1, for example by screwing.
  • the profile is pierced with a hole for the passage of the screw 42 and an area of the outer surface around this hole is rectified to remove the layer alumina and make this area electrically conductive.
  • the spring blade is screwed onto the bearing face, the blade is applied against said electrically conductive zone of the profile in order to ensure electrical contact.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery case (0) comprising: a casing (1) formed by a profiled element having two pairs of opposite faces and two open ends, configured to be assembled to a casing of another case along one of said faces, referred to as the bearing face, two covers (2, 3) arranged at each end of the profiled element for hermetically closing the casing (1), a plurality of accumulators arranged in the casing (1), said case being characterized in that it comprises at least one electrically conductive portion (4) which is raised with respect to each bearing face of the casing, so as to ensure electrical contact with the other case by pressing said electrically conductive portion against an electrically conductive portion of the other case.

Description

COFFRE DE BATTERIE ET SYSTEME DE BATTERIE MODULAIRE BATTERY BOX AND MODULAR BATTERY SYSTEM
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention concerne un coffre de batterie et un système de batterie modulaire comprenant au moins deux coffres de batterie connectés entre eux. The present invention relates to a battery box and a modular battery system comprising at least two battery boxes connected to each other.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART
Le marché des batteries lithium-ions pour applications mobiles (transport, industrie) se développe fortement depuis 2010. Ces batteries sont composées d’assemblage d’éléments accumulateurs électrochimiques de base, souvent appelés cellules. Ces éléments présentent une énergie (tension, capacité) insuffisante pour déplacer un véhicule et doivent donc être connectées électriquement en série et/ou parallèle pour atteindre des niveaux de tension et d’énergie compatibles avec les applications visées. The market for lithium-ion batteries for mobile applications (transport, industry) has grown strongly since 2010. These batteries are made up of assemblies of basic electrochemical accumulator elements, often called cells. These elements have insufficient energy (voltage, capacity) to move a vehicle and must therefore be electrically connected in series and / or parallel to reach voltage and energy levels compatible with the intended applications.
Un aspect important de la conception de ces ensembles de batteries est leur emballage mécanique. Cet emballage doit présenter un grand nombre de caractéristiques, souvent difficiles à concilier : An important aspect of the design of these battery packs is their mechanical packaging. This packaging must have a large number of characteristics, often difficult to reconcile:
- isoler électriquement les éléments sous tension de façon à protéger les utilisateurs contre les chocs électriques ; - electrically isolate live parts so as to protect users against electric shock;
- être étanche pour résister aux projections d’eau et aux intempéries ; - be waterproof to resist splashing water and bad weather;
- évacuer la chaleur pour éviter une surchauffe en cas d’utilisation intensive ; - dissipate the heat to avoid overheating in the event of intensive use;
- résister à un feu externe ; - resist external fire;
- permettre un raccordement électrique et électronique à l’application. - allow electrical and electronic connection to the application.
Pour cela, un grand nombre de technologies différentes ont été développées. Ces solutions sont très souvent développées pour intégrer l’ensemble de la batterie dans un seul et unique coffre spécifiquement adapté pour l’application visée. For this, a large number of different technologies have been developed. These solutions are very often developed to integrate the entire battery in a single trunk specifically adapted for the intended application.
Une première solution mise en oeuvre dans l’automobile consiste à former un coffre de batterie en matière plastique électriquement isolante, de façon à résister au mieux aux intempéries et à garantir une très bonne isolation électrique vis à vis des utilisateurs. A first solution implemented in the automotive industry consists in forming an electrically insulating plastic battery box, so as to best withstand the weather and to guarantee very good electrical insulation with respect to users.
Les inconvénients de ce type de réalisation sont les temps et coûts élevés de développement des moules plastiques de grande dimension et leur spécificité pour une application définie. En outre, une moins bonne tenue mécanique du matériau de base engendre des dimensionnements plus volumineux ou nécessitant plus de matière. De même, la tenue au feu peut être complexe à assurer, la règlementation imposant en effet que les ensembles de batteries pour application automobile doivent résister à un feu d’hydrocarbure intense pendant une minute. The disadvantages of this type of embodiment are the high times and costs of developing large plastic molds and their specificity for a defined application. In addition, poorer mechanical strength of the base material results in larger dimensions or requiring more material. Likewise, fire resistance can be complex to ensure, since regulations require that battery packs for automotive applications must withstand an intense hydrocarbon fire for one minute.
Une autre solution est l’utilisation d’un coffre de batterie métallique, électriquement conducteur, qui est lui-même mis au potentiel électrique du châssis du véhicule. Un détecteur d’isolement est présent dans le véhicule et permet de déceler tout défaut d’isolement électrique entre le chemin de puissance et le châssis du véhicule (donc le coffre de batterie). Comme en régime de neutre impédant (IT), un seul défaut n’est pas dangereux, seul un double défaut peut devenir dangereux. Il faut donc prévenir l’utilisateur pour que dès l’apparition du premier défaut une opération de réparation soit prévue. La partie basse du coffre est en général en fonte aluminium épaisse pour assurer la tenue mécanique et limiter le poids, tandis que la partie haute est en tôle emboutie ou pliée/soudée. Another solution is the use of an electrically conductive metal battery box, which is itself set to the electrical potential of the chassis of the vehicle. A An insulation detector is present in the vehicle and makes it possible to detect any fault in the electrical insulation between the power path and the chassis of the vehicle (therefore the battery trunk). As in impedant neutral (IT), a single fault is not dangerous, only a double fault can become dangerous. It is therefore necessary to warn the user so that as soon as the first fault appears, a repair operation is planned. The lower part of the boot is generally made of thick cast aluminum to ensure mechanical strength and limit the weight, while the upper part is made of stamped or folded / welded sheet metal.
Ce système semble être à ce jour le plus répandu avec une bonne tenue mécanique et une bonne résistance au feu, tout en garantissant une bonne sécurité électrique. This system seems to be the most widespread to date with good mechanical strength and good fire resistance, while ensuring good electrical safety.
L’inconvénient de ce type de solution est sa difficulté d’adaptation pour passer d’une configuration à une autre : les coûts et temps de développement de ces coffres de batteries sont élevés et sont spécifiques pour chaque application. The disadvantage of this type of solution is its difficulty in adapting to go from one configuration to another: the costs and development time of these battery boxes are high and are specific for each application.
Une solution intéressante pour diminuer les temps et coûts de développement des coffres de batterie est l’utilisation de boîtiers profilés extrudés en aluminium, comme dans le cas de nombreux vélos électriques. An interesting solution to reduce the time and cost of developing battery boxes is the use of extruded aluminum profile boxes, as in the case of many electric bikes.
La principale difficulté liée à ce type de réalisation est d’assurer la continuité de masse entre les différents coffres de batterie. En effet, pour réaliser de grandes batteries avec cette technologie, il est nécessaire de diviser la batterie en plus petits sous- ensembles compatibles avec les dimensions maximales autorisées par ce procédé d’extrusion. Tous les coffres de batteries métalliques doivent alors être reliés entre eux électriquement de façon à assurer une continuité de masse. Ceci engendre des complications au niveau du procédé de fabrication puisque l’aluminium se couvre naturellement d’une couche électriquement isolante d’alumine au contact de l’air. Cette couche doit être retirée pour assurer un bon contact électrique avant assemblage. Par ailleurs, l’aluminium est souvent soumis à un traitement de surface (par exemple une anodisation) pour assurer sa résistance à la corrosion. La solution la plus sûre consiste donc à ajouter pour chaque coffre de batterie un connecteur de mise à la masse, ce qui rend plus complexe et plus coûteux l’assemblage. The main difficulty linked to this type of implementation is to ensure continuity of mass between the different battery boxes. Indeed, to make large batteries with this technology, it is necessary to divide the battery into smaller sub-assemblies compatible with the maximum dimensions authorized by this extrusion process. All metal battery boxes must then be electrically connected to each other so as to ensure ground continuity. This creates complications in the manufacturing process since aluminum naturally covers itself with an electrically insulating layer of alumina in contact with air. This layer must be removed to ensure good electrical contact before assembly. In addition, aluminum is often subjected to a surface treatment (for example anodization) to ensure its resistance to corrosion. The safest solution is therefore to add a grounding connector for each battery box, which makes assembly more complex and costly.
La réalisation du boîtier par fonderie ou injection d’aluminium au lieu de l’extrusion peut faciliter la réalisation de l’étanchéité mais aussi de la mise à la masse puisque le point de fixation du coffre de batterie au châssis du véhicule peut aussi servir de mise à la masse. The realization of the box by foundry or aluminum injection instead of extrusion can facilitate the realization of the sealing but also of the grounding since the point of attachment of the battery box to the chassis of the vehicle can also serve as Grounding.
Cette solution est néanmoins coûteuse en outillages et en traitement de surface puisqu’il faut traiter toutes les surfaces de l’aluminium pour assurer une bonne tenue à la corrosion et une bonne conductivité électrique. EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION This solution is nevertheless expensive in tools and in surface treatment since it is necessary to treat all the surfaces of aluminum to ensure good resistance to corrosion and good electrical conductivity. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Un but de l’invention est de remédier aux inconvénients des solutions précitées et en particulier de concevoir un coffre de batterie permettant à la fois d’assurer une grande modularité, de résister à la corrosion, d’assurer un bonne continuité de masse avec les autres coffres formant la batterie, et de présenter des coûts aussi limités que la technologie d’extrusion d’aluminium. An object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the aforementioned solutions and in particular to design a battery box making it possible both to ensure great modularity, to resist corrosion, to ensure good continuity of mass with the other battery boxes, and present costs as low as aluminum extrusion technology.
A cet effet, l’invention propose un coffre de batterie comprenant : To this end, the invention provides a battery box comprising:
- un boîtier formé d’un profilé présentant deux paires de faces opposées et deux extrémités ouvertes, configuré pour être assemblé à un boîtier d’un autre coffre le long d’une desdites faces, dite face d’appui, - a housing formed of a profile having two pairs of opposite faces and two open ends, configured to be assembled to a housing of another trunk along one of said faces, called the support face,
- deux capots agencés à chaque extrémité du profilé pour fermer hermétiquement le boîtier, - two covers arranged at each end of the profile to hermetically close the housing,
une pluralité d’accumulateurs agencés dans le boîtier, a plurality of accumulators arranged in the housing,
ledit coffre étant caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend au moins une portion électriquement conductrice en relief par rapport à chaque face d’appui du boîtier, de sorte à assurer un contact électrique avec l’autre coffre par appui de ladite portion électriquement conductrice contre une portion électriquement conductrice de l’autre coffre. said case being characterized in that it comprises at least one electrically conductive portion in relief with respect to each bearing face of the housing, so as to ensure electrical contact with the other case by pressing said electrically conductive portion against a electrically conductive portion of the other trunk.
Par « profilé » on entend que le boîtier est réalisé par extrusion, notamment d’aluminium. On entend par « direction longitudinale » du boîtier la direction de l’extrusion. By "profile" is meant that the housing is made by extrusion, in particular aluminum. The term "longitudinal direction" of the housing means the direction of extrusion.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le boîtier est un profilé en aluminium. According to one embodiment, the housing is an aluminum profile.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque capot présente un bord en relief par rapport à chaque face du boîtier, et un des deux capots est électriquement conducteur, ledit capot électriquement conducteur étant en contact électrique avec le boîtier, le bord dudit capot constituant la portion électriquement conductrice du coffre. According to one embodiment, each cover has an edge in relief relative to each face of the housing, and one of the two covers is electrically conductive, said electrically conductive cover being in electrical contact with the housing, the edge of said cover constituting the electrically portion trunk operator.
Selon une autre forme d’exécution, la portion électriquement conductrice est une bande longitudinale formant le sommet d’une nervure formée sur chaque face d’appui du boîtier lors de l’extrusion du profilé. According to another embodiment, the electrically conductive portion is a longitudinal strip forming the top of a rib formed on each bearing face of the housing during the extrusion of the profile.
Selon un mode de réalisation, ladite nervure présente une épaisseur constante dans la direction longitudinale du boîtier. According to one embodiment, said rib has a constant thickness in the longitudinal direction of the housing.
De manière alternative, la nervure comprend une portion présentant une épaisseur maximale dans une région centrale du boîtier, et deux portions latérales présentant une épaisseur décroissante en direction de chaque extrémité du boîtier. Alternatively, the rib comprises a portion having a maximum thickness in a central region of the housing, and two lateral portions having a decreasing thickness in the direction of each end of the housing.
Selon une autre forme d’exécution, la portion électriquement conductrice comprend une plaque en un matériau électriquement conducteur soudée ou brasée sur chaque face d’appui du boîtier. According to another embodiment, the electrically conductive portion comprises a plate of an electrically conductive material welded or brazed on each bearing face of the housing.
Selon une autre forme d’exécution, la portion électriquement conductrice comprend une lame ressort vissée sur chaque face d’appui du boîtier, ladite lame ressort étant en contact avec la face d’appui du boîtier par une région électriquement conductrice de ladite face d’appui. According to another embodiment, the electrically conductive portion comprises a spring leaf screwed onto each bearing face of the housing, said spring leaf being in contact with the bearing face of the housing by an electrically conductive region of said bearing face.
Lesdites formes d’exécution peuvent éventuellement être combinées. Said embodiments can optionally be combined.
Un autre objet de l’invention concerne un système de batterie modulaire comprenant au moins deux coffres de batterie tels que décrits plus haut. Les coffres sont empilés le long des faces d’appui des boîtiers, et pressés l’un contre l’autre par un dispositif de compression, la portion électriquement conductrice d’un premier coffre étant maintenue en appui élastique contre la portion électriquement conductrice d’un second coffre de sorte à assurer un contact électrique entre le premier coffre et le second coffre. Another object of the invention relates to a modular battery system comprising at least two battery boxes as described above. The boxes are stacked along the bearing faces of the boxes, and pressed against each other by a compression device, the electrically conductive portion of a first box being held in elastic support against the electrically conductive portion of a second box so as to ensure electrical contact between the first box and the second box.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de compression comprend une pluralité de tirants s’étendant au travers des capots de chaque coffre. According to one embodiment, the compression device comprises a plurality of tie rods extending through the covers of each chest.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le système comprend en outre deux équerres électriquement conductrices agencées de part et d’autre de l’empilement de coffres, chaque équerre étant maintenue en appui contre la portion électriquement conductrice d’un coffre adjacent par un dispositif de compression et configurée pour être connectée électriquement au châssis d’un véhicule. According to one embodiment, the system further comprises two electrically conductive brackets arranged on either side of the stack of safes, each bracket being held in abutment against the electrically conductive portion of an adjacent trunk by a compression device and configured to be electrically connected to the chassis of a vehicle.
Un autre objet de l’invention concerne un véhicule équipé d’un système de batterie modulaire tel que décrit ci-dessus, comprenant une liaison électrique entre le châssis dudit véhicule et la portion électriquement conductrice de l’ensemble des coffres formant ladite batterie. Another object of the invention relates to a vehicle equipped with a modular battery system as described above, comprising an electrical connection between the chassis of said vehicle and the electrically conductive portion of all of the boxes forming said battery.
Enfin, l’invention concerne également un procédé pour assurer la sécurité électrique d’un système de batterie modulaire d’un véhicule, comprenant : Finally, the invention also relates to a method for ensuring the electrical safety of a modular battery system of a vehicle, comprising:
- la fourniture d’au moins deux coffres de batterie tels que décrits plus haut ; - the supply of at least two battery boxes as described above;
- l’empilement desdits coffres le long des faces d’appui des boîtiers ; - the stacking of said boxes along the support faces of the boxes;
- le serrage des coffres les uns contre les autres par un dispositif de compression, de sorte à maintenir une portion électriquement conductrice de chaque coffre en appui élastique contre une portion électriquement conductrice d’un coffre adjacent, - clamping the boxes against each other by a compression device, so as to maintain an electrically conductive portion of each box in elastic support against an electrically conductive portion of an adjacent box,
- l’établissement d’une connexion électrique entre le châssis du véhicule et la portion électriquement conductrice de l’ensemble des coffres. - the establishment of an electrical connection between the vehicle chassis and the electrically conductive portion of all of the safes.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de l’invention ressortiront de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description which follows, with reference to the attached drawings in which:
- la figure 1 illustre une vue en perspective d’un coffre de batterie selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention ; - Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a battery box according to an embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 2 illustre un système de batterie modulaire comprenant un assemblage de neuf coffres du type illustré sur la figure 1 ; - Figure 2 illustrates a modular battery system comprising an assembly of nine boxes of the type illustrated in Figure 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue éclatée du système de la figure 2 ; - la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale d’un boîtier selon un mode de réalisation ; - Figure 3 is an exploded view of the system of Figure 2; - Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a housing according to one embodiment;
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d’un boîtier selon un mode de réalisation ; - Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a housing according to one embodiment;
- la figure 6 est un schéma de principe d’un autre mode de réalisation de l’invention ; - Figure 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 7 est un schéma de principe d’un autre mode de réalisation de l’invention.- Figure 7 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the invention.
Les signes de référence identiques d’une figure à l’autre désignent des éléments identiques ou remplissant la même fonction. DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE MODES DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTION Identical reference signs from one figure to another denote elements which are identical or fulfill the same function. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
L’invention concerne un coffre de batterie qui est formé d’un boîtier présentant une forme sensiblement parallélépipédique et de deux capots fermant hermétiquement le boîtier. Le boîtier contient des accumulateurs électriques connectés entre eux par des éléments de connexion électrique. La structure interne du coffre ne faisant pas l’objet de l’invention, elle ne sera pas décrite en détail dans le présent texte. The invention relates to a battery box which is formed from a housing having a substantially parallelepiped shape and from two covers hermetically closing the housing. The housing contains electrical accumulators connected to each other by electrical connection elements. The internal structure of the trunk is not the subject of the invention, it will not be described in detail in the present text.
Le boîtier est réalisé par extrusion d’un métal, notamment de l’aluminium, et coupé à la longueur souhaitée. Le boîtier se présente donc sous la forme d’un profilé de section sensiblement rectangulaire, ouvert à ses deux extrémités. Le boîtier comprend deux faces principales opposées et deux faces secondaires opposées. On entend par « faces principales » les faces dont la surface est la plus grande, les faces secondaires présentant une surface plus faible. The housing is made by extruding a metal, especially aluminum, and cut to the desired length. The housing is therefore in the form of a profile of substantially rectangular section, open at its two ends. The housing includes two opposite main faces and two opposite secondary faces. The term “main faces” is understood to mean the faces with the largest surface, the secondary faces having a smaller surface.
L’aluminium s’oxydant naturellement à l’air libre, la surface extérieure du profilé est recouverte d’une couche d’alumine électriquement isolante et protectrice contre la corrosion. Aluminum oxidizes naturally in the open air, the outer surface of the profile is covered with a layer of alumina which is electrically insulating and protective against corrosion.
Deux capots sont agencés à chacune des extrémités du profilé pour fermer hermétiquement le boîtier et isoler physiquement les accumulateurs de l’environnement extérieur à la batterie. Les capots sont emmanchés par l’extérieur du boîtier, de sorte à recouvrir les extrémités du profilé et à comprimer un joint périphérique agencé entre le bord du capot et le profilé. En général, et sauf spécification contraire dans la suite du texte, les capots sont en un matériau électriquement isolant. Cependant, selon une variante décrite en détail plus bas, l’un des capots peut être en un matériau électriquement conducteur ; dans ce cas, la conception du coffre est définie pour éviter tout contact électrique entre ledit capot électriquement conducteur et les éléments sous tension agencés à l’intérieur du coffre. Two covers are arranged at each end of the profile to seal the case hermetically and physically isolate the accumulators from the environment outside the battery. The covers are fitted outside the housing, so as to cover the ends of the profile and to compress a peripheral seal arranged between the edge of the cover and the profile. In general, and unless otherwise specified in the rest of the text, the covers are made of an electrically insulating material. However, according to a variant described in detail below, one of the covers may be made of an electrically conductive material; in this case, the design of the safe is defined to avoid any electrical contact between said electrically conductive cover and the live elements arranged inside the safe.
Une batterie modulaire est réalisée par empilement de plusieurs coffres. Dans cet empilement, une face d’un boîtier est en contact avec une face d’un boîtier adjacent. Les faces qui sont ainsi mises en contact sont appelées « faces d’appui » dans la suite du texte. Cet appui est maintenu au cours du temps par la mise en compression de l’empilement de coffres par un dispositif de compression. A modular battery is produced by stacking several boxes. In this stack, one face of a housing is in contact with one face of an adjacent housing. The faces which are thus brought into contact are called “bearing faces” in the rest of the text. This support is maintained over time by the compression of the stack of safes by a compression device.
Dans les modes de réalisation illustrés sur les figures annexées, les boîtiers sont assemblés les uns aux autres par l’intermédiaire de leurs faces principales. In the embodiments illustrated in the appended figures, the housings are assembled to each other by means of their main faces.
Selon d’autres modes de réalisation (non illustrés), les boîtiers peuvent être assemblés les uns aux autres par l’intermédiaire de leurs faces secondaires. According to other embodiments (not shown), the boxes can be assembled to each other by means of their secondary faces.
Le choix d’assembler les boîtiers le long de leurs faces principales ou le long de leurs faces secondaires dépend notamment des contraintes en termes de surface et de volume disponible pour la batterie. Par exemple, pour un véhicule disposant de peu de volume sous le plancher pour implanter la batterie, un assemblage des boîtiers le long de leurs faces secondaires est préféré. En revanche, pour un engin non soumis à des contraintes d’encombrement, un assemblage des boîtiers le long de leurs faces principales peut être préféré. The choice of assembling the boxes along their main faces or along their secondary faces depends in particular on the constraints in terms of surface and volume available for the battery. For example, for a vehicle having little volume under the floor to install the battery, an assembly of the boxes along their secondary faces is preferred. On the other hand, for a machine which is not subject to space constraints, an assembly of the boxes along their main faces may be preferred.
Pour assurer une continuité de masse dans la batterie modulaire, les coffres sont reliés électriquement les uns aux autres au niveau de zones électriquement conductrices qui sont maintenues en contact par la mise en compression des coffres, et reliés électriquement au châssis du véhicule. La liaison électrique au châssis du véhicule peut être réalisée par tout moyen adapté, par exemple une tresse électriquement conductrice s’étendant entre un des coffres et le châssis, ou encore par un élément du dispositif de mise en compression fixé directement ou indirectement sur le châssis. To ensure continuity of mass in the modular battery, the boxes are electrically connected to each other at the level of electrically conductive zones which are kept in contact by the compression of the boxes, and electrically connected to the chassis of the vehicle. The electrical connection to the chassis of the vehicle can be carried out by any suitable means, for example an electrically conductive braid extending between one of the boxes and the chassis, or even by an element of the compression device fixed directly or indirectly to the chassis. .
Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de compression comprend des tirants qui s’étendent au travers des coffres le long de l’empilement. A cet effet, chaque boîtier et chaque capot comprend des orifices de passage des tirants. Deux équerres électriquement conductrices sont agencées à chaque extrémité de l’empilement et reliées électriquement aux coffres. Les équerres peuvent être en aluminium, en acier ou en acier inoxydable. Les équerres sont avantageusement adaptées pour fixer la batterie modulaire sur le châssis d’un véhicule ou engin et ainsi assurer directement une liaison électrique entre les coffres et le châssis du véhicule. De manière alternative, les équerres peuvent être connectées électriquement au châssis par l’intermédiaire d’une tresse de masse dont une extrémité est fixée à l’équerre et l’extrémité opposée est fixée au châssis. According to one embodiment, the compression device comprises tie rods which extend through the trunks along the stack. To this end, each housing and each cover comprises holes for passage of the tie rods. Two electrically conductive brackets are arranged at each end of the stack and electrically connected to the boxes. The brackets can be aluminum, steel or stainless steel. The brackets are advantageously adapted to fix the modular battery on the chassis of a vehicle or machine and thus directly ensure an electrical connection between the safes and the chassis of the vehicle. Alternatively, the brackets can be electrically connected to the chassis by means of a ground braid, one end of which is fixed to the bracket and the opposite end is fixed to the chassis.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le dispositif de compression comprend une ou plusieurs sangles, ou encore des brides, étant entendu que l’homme du métier pourra choisir tout dispositif de compression adapté. According to another embodiment, the compression device comprises one or more straps, or even flanges, it being understood that the person skilled in the art can choose any suitable compression device.
Chaque face d’appui du boîtier comprend au moins une portion électriquement conductrice en relief par rapport à ladite face, de sorte à assurer un contact électrique avec l’autre coffre par appui de ladite portion électriquement conductrice contre une portion électriquement conductrice de l’autre coffre. Dans le cas où plusieurs éléments sont en relief par rapport à la face d’appui, un desdits éléments étant électriquement conducteurs et un autre n’étant pas électriquement conducteur, l’élément électriquement conducteur doit être à une plus grande distance de la face d’appui que l’élément non électriquement conducteur, afin d’assurer que les éléments électriquement conducteurs soient bien en contact lors de la mise en compression des coffres. Each bearing face of the housing comprises at least one electrically conductive portion in relief with respect to said face, so as to ensure electrical contact with the other safe by pressing said electrically conductive portion against an electrically conductive portion of the other chest. In the case where several elements are in relief relative to the bearing face, one of said elements being electrically conductors and another not being electrically conductive, the electrically conductive element must be at a greater distance from the bearing face than the non-electrically conductive element, in order to ensure that the electrically conductive elements are in good contact during compression of the boxes.
La ou les portion(s) électriquement conductrice(s) sont agencées de manière identique sur les deux faces d’appui opposées du boîtier, de sorte que la ou les portion(s) électriquement conductrice(s) de la face d’appui d’un boîtier soient en contact de la ou les portion(s) électriquement conductrice(s) de la face d’appui d’un autre boîtier auquel il est assemblé. The electrically conductive portion (s) are arranged identically on the two opposite support faces of the housing, so that the electrically conductive portion (s) of the support face d 'a housing are in contact with the portion (s) electrically conductive (s) of the bearing face of another housing to which it is assembled.
De préférence, la ou les portion(s) électriquement conductrice(s) sur chaque face d’appui est agencée symétriquement par rapport au centre de la face d’appui, de sorte que l’orientation du boîtier soit indifférente pour la mise en contact des différents coffres. Preferably, the electrically conductive portion (s) on each bearing face is arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the bearing face, so that the orientation of the housing is indifferent for bringing it into contact different chests.
Ladite portion électriquement conductrice peut être réalisée de différentes manières. Said electrically conductive portion can be produced in different ways.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la face d’appui comprend au moins une nervure en relief par rapport à la surface de ladite face d’appui. Le sommet de ladite nervure se présente sous la forme d’une bande électriquement conductrice. L’obtention du caractère électriquement conducteur de la bande peut être assurée par différentes techniques. Une première technique consiste à mettre en oeuvre un traitement de la surface de l’ensemble de la surface du profilé qui soit à la fois protecteur contre la corrosion et électriquement conducteur ; par exemple, un traitement de type Alodine / SurTec ou un nickelage chimique peut être employé. Une autre technique consiste à masquer les bandes et à appliquer un traitement anti-corrosion sur le reste de la surface du profilé. Par exemple, outre les traitements précités, une anodisation peut être mise en oeuvre. En ce qui concerne les bandes qui ont été masquées, elles peuvent être traitées selon différentes méthodes. Une première méthode consiste à effectuer un brossage ou un surfaçage de la bande pour en retirer la couche d’alumine, accompagné ou non de l’application d’une graisse de contact, juste avant l’assemblage des coffres. Une seconde technique consiste à appliquer à la bande, après le retrait du masque, un traitement assurant à la fois une bonne conduction électrique et une protection contre la formation d’alumine et/ou la corrosion. Un tel traitement doit en particulier garantir une bonne conductivité électronique et présenter la dureté la plus faible possible pour assurer un contact le plus intime possible entre deux bandes appliquées l’une contre l’autre.. According to one embodiment, the support face comprises at least one rib in relief relative to the surface of said support face. The top of said rib is in the form of an electrically conductive strip. The electrically conductive nature of the strip can be obtained by various techniques. A first technique consists in implementing a treatment of the surface of the entire surface of the profile which is both protective against corrosion and electrically conductive; for example, an Alodine / SurTec treatment or chemical nickel plating can be used. Another technique consists of masking the strips and applying an anti-corrosion treatment to the rest of the profile surface. For example, in addition to the aforementioned treatments, anodization can be implemented. As for the bands which have been masked, they can be treated according to different methods. A first method consists in brushing or surfacing the strip to remove the alumina layer, whether or not accompanied by the application of a contact grease, just before assembling the boxes. A second technique consists in applying to the strip, after removing the mask, a treatment ensuring both good electrical conduction and protection against the formation of alumina and / or corrosion. Such a treatment must in particular guarantee good electronic conductivity and have the lowest possible hardness to ensure the most intimate contact possible between two strips applied against each other.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, ladite portion électriquement conductrice se présente sous la forme d’une pièce en un matériau électriquement conducteur distincte du boîtier et fixée à l’extérieur de la face d’appui correspondante, en contact avec une zone électriquement conductrice de ladite face d’appui. Le fait de rapporter la portion électriquement conductrice offre une plus grande latitude quant à la forme de ladite portion, indépendamment de l’extrusion du profilé. Ainsi, ladite pièce ne présente pas nécessairement une forme de bande, mais peut présenter une forme de plaque, de disque, etc. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, ladite pièce peut être conformée pour se déformer élastiquement lors de la mise en contact des coffres. According to another embodiment, said electrically conductive portion is in the form of a part made of an electrically conductive material distinct from the housing and fixed outside the corresponding bearing face, in contact with an electrically conductive area of said bearing face. Attaching the electrically conductive portion offers greater latitude as to the shape of said portion, independently of the extrusion of the profile. Thus, said part does not exhibit necessarily a strip shape, but may have a plate, disc, etc. shape In a particularly advantageous manner, said part can be shaped to deform elastically when the safes are brought into contact.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le contact électrique est assuré par l’un des capots, qui est alors en un matériau électriquement conducteur. Le capot étant emmanché sur l’extérieur du profilé, il constitue une protubérance par rapport à chaque face du boîtier, même si les faces d’appui du boîtier sont planes. According to another embodiment, the electrical contact is provided by one of the covers, which is then made of an electrically conductive material. The cover being fitted on the outside of the profile, it constitutes a protuberance with respect to each face of the housing, even if the bearing faces of the housing are flat.
Dans tous les cas, la mise en compression de l’empilement de coffre a pour effet de mettre en contact intime les portions électriquement conductrices en relief de deux faces d’appui en vis-à-vis, afin d’assurer un contact électrique entre lesdites zones. Cette mise en compression met en oeuvre une déformation élastique du profilé et/ou d’une pièce électriquement conductrice rapportée sur la face d’appui du profilé, procurant un effet ressort. L’amplitude du relief est choisie en fonction de la capacité de déformation élastique de la face d’appui et/ou de la pièce élastique rapportée. On recherche typiquement un écrasement de l’ordre de 0,1 à 0,6 mm à l’issue de la mise en compression des coffres. En général, une distance de quelques dixièmes de millimètres entre la surface de la face d’appui et la portion électriquement conductrice est adaptée. In all cases, the compression of the trunk stack has the effect of bringing into intimate contact the electrically conductive portions in relief of two bearing faces facing each other, in order to ensure electrical contact between said areas. This compression implements an elastic deformation of the profile and / or of an electrically conductive part attached to the bearing face of the profile, providing a spring effect. The amplitude of the relief is chosen as a function of the elastic deformation capacity of the bearing face and / or of the added elastic part. Typically, a crushing of the order of 0.1 to 0.6 mm is sought after the compression of the boxes. In general, a distance of a few tenths of a millimeter between the surface of the bearing face and the electrically conductive portion is suitable.
La surface totale de la ou les zone(s) électriquement conductrice(s) de chaque face d’appui est choisie pour présenter une résistance de contact du même ordre que celle des connexions de puissance. The total surface of the electrically conductive area (s) of each bearing face is chosen to have a contact resistance of the same order as that of the power connections.
La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d’un coffre de batterie selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a battery box according to an embodiment of the invention.
Le coffre 0 comprend un boîtier 1 forme d’un profilé, et deux capots 2, 3 agencés hermétiquement à chaque extrémité du boîtier. Les capots sont emmanchés sur l’extérieur du profilé ; par conséquent, un bord respectif 20, 30 des capots 2, 3 recouvre une partie de la surface extérieure du profilé et est donc en relief par rapport à celle-ci. The trunk 0 comprises a housing 1 in the form of a profile, and two covers 2, 3 arranged hermetically at each end of the housing. The covers are fitted on the outside of the profile; consequently, a respective edge 20, 30 of the covers 2, 3 covers part of the external surface of the profile and is therefore in relief with respect thereto.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, le coffre est destiné à être assemblé à un autre coffre par l’intermédiaire des faces principales des boîtiers, et maintenu en compression par un dispositif comprenant deux équerres et des tirants, comme on le verra sur les figures 3 et 4. Chaque capot comprend deux orifices traversants sur chaque face d’appui, destinés au passage des tirants de mise en compression. In this embodiment, the box is intended to be assembled with another box via the main faces of the boxes, and kept in compression by a device comprising two brackets and tie rods, as will be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4. Each cover comprises two through holes on each bearing face, intended for the passage of the compression compression rods.
Chaque face principale comprend deux nervures longitudinales 4 qui s’étendent d’une extrémité à l’autre du boîtier, de part et d’autre d’un plan de symétrie comprenant l’axe longitudinal du profil. Lesdites nervures sont formées lors de l’extrusion du profilé et sont donc d’un seul tenant avec le boîtier. Each main face comprises two longitudinal ribs 4 which extend from one end to the other of the housing, on either side of a plane of symmetry comprising the longitudinal axis of the profile. Said ribs are formed during the extrusion of the profile and are therefore integral with the housing.
Comme illustré sur la figure 2, qui est une vue en coupe transversale du profilé, chaque nervure 4 présente un sommet plat définissant une bande longitudinale. Ladite bande longitudinale peut être rendue électriquement conductrice par un surfaçage visant à retirer la couche d’alumine. Dans la mesure où la couche d’alumine est susceptible de se former dans un bref laps de temps, cette opération de surfaçage est avantageusement réalisée peu de temps avant l’assemblage des coffres. Elle peut s’accompagner en outre de l’application d’une graisse de contact électrique qui évite la reformation d’alumine et améliore la conduction électrique As illustrated in FIG. 2, which is a cross-sectional view of the profile, each rib 4 has a flat top defining a longitudinal strip. Said longitudinal strip can be made electrically conductive by a surfacing aimed removing the alumina layer. Insofar as the layer of alumina is capable of forming in a short period of time, this surfacing operation is advantageously carried out shortly before assembly of the boxes. It can also be accompanied by the application of an electrical contact grease which prevents alumina reformation and improves electrical conduction
La figure 3 est une vue éclatée d’une batterie modulaire comprenant neuf coffres tels qu’illustrés sur la figure 1. La figure 4 représente ladite batterie modulaire à l’état assemblé. L’empilement des coffres est agencé entre deux équerres 7 électriquement conductrices qui sont chacune en contact électrique avec la face d’appui du coffre adjacent. Les tirants 6 passent au travers des équerres et de l’empilement de coffres. Chaque équerre 7 comprend des languettes 70 pourvues de trous pour la fixation de la batterie modulaire au châssis d’un véhicule par trois boulons. Les équerres 7 permettent donc d’assurer une liaison électrique entre la batterie modulaire et le châssis du véhicule. Figure 3 is an exploded view of a modular battery comprising nine boxes as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 4 shows said modular battery in the assembled state. The stack of boxes is arranged between two electrically conductive brackets 7 which are each in electrical contact with the bearing face of the adjacent box. The tie rods 6 pass through the brackets and the stack of chests. Each bracket 7 comprises tabs 70 provided with holes for fixing the modular battery to the chassis of a vehicle by three bolts. The brackets 7 therefore make it possible to provide an electrical connection between the modular battery and the vehicle chassis.
La figure 5 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d’un profilé au niveau d’une nervure selon une variante de réalisation de l’invention. Dans le cas des figures 1 et 2, les nervures étant formées lors de l’extrusion du profilé, elles présentent une épaisseur constante sur toute la longueur du boîtier. Comme illustré sur la figure 5, chaque nervure peut être rectifiée à ses deux extrémités afin de conserver l’épaisseur constante sur une portion centrale 4a, mais à diminuer l’épaisseur en direction des deux extrémités sur deux portions latérales 4b. Dans ce cas, lors de l’assemblage de deux coffres, le contact électrique se fera essentiellement au niveau des portions centrales 4 des nervures. Par rapport au mode de la réalisation de la figure 1 , la surface de la bande de la portion centrale 4a peut être comprise entre 10% et 50% de la surface de la bande de la nervure 4. Bien que cette variante implique une opération supplémentaire lors de la fabrication du coffre, elle présente l’avantage que les nervures n’induisent pas de déformation des capots lors de leur emmanchement sur le profilé et ne nuisent ainsi pas à l’étanchéité des coffres. Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a profile at a rib according to an alternative embodiment of the invention. In the case of Figures 1 and 2, the ribs being formed during the extrusion of the profile, they have a constant thickness over the entire length of the housing. As illustrated in FIG. 5, each rib can be rectified at its two ends in order to keep the thickness constant on a central portion 4a, but to reduce the thickness in the direction of the two ends on two lateral portions 4b. In this case, during the assembly of two boxes, the electrical contact will be made essentially at the level of the central portions 4 of the ribs. Compared to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the surface of the strip of the central portion 4a can be between 10% and 50% of the surface of the strip of the rib 4. Although this variant involves an additional operation during the manufacture of the trunk, it has the advantage that the ribs do not induce deformation of the covers during their fitting on the profile and thus do not harm the tightness of the trunks.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, illustré sur la figure 6, la portion électriquement conductrice n’est pas formée lors de l’extrusion du profilé mais est rapportée sur le boîtier 1. Ladite portion électriquement conductrice est une plaque 40, par exemple en aluminium ou en laiton, soudée ou brasée sur l’extérieur de la face d’appui. La méthode de soudure utilisée peut être la soudure électrique ou le brasage. Dans ce dernier cas, un étamage du profilé au niveau de la zone à braser est réalisé au préalable. Ainsi, la pièce soudée ou brasée est en contact électrique avec ladite face d’appui. According to another embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 6, the electrically conductive portion is not formed during the extrusion of the profile but is attached to the housing 1. Said electrically conductive portion is a plate 40, for example made of aluminum or brass, welded or brazed to the outside of the bearing face. The welding method used can be electric welding or brazing. In the latter case, tinning of the profile in the area to be brazed is carried out beforehand. Thus, the welded or brazed part is in electrical contact with said bearing face.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, illustré sur la figure 7, la portion électriquement conductrice est une lame ressort 41 rapportée sur la face d’appui du boîtier 1 , par exemple par vissage. Le profilé est percé d’un trou pour le passage de la vis 42 et une zone de la surface extérieure autour de ce trou est rectifiée pour supprimer la couche d’alumine et rendre cette zone électriquement conductrice. Lors du vissage de la lame ressort sur la face d’appui, la lame est appliquée contre ladite zone électriquement conductrice du profilé afin d’assurer un contact électrique. According to another embodiment, illustrated in Figure 7, the electrically conductive portion is a leaf spring 41 attached to the bearing face of the housing 1, for example by screwing. The profile is pierced with a hole for the passage of the screw 42 and an area of the outer surface around this hole is rectified to remove the layer alumina and make this area electrically conductive. When the spring blade is screwed onto the bearing face, the blade is applied against said electrically conductive zone of the profile in order to ensure electrical contact.
Naturellement, les modes de réalisation présentés sont donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif, et l’homme du métier pourra choisir toute autre forme d’exécution pour former une portion électriquement conductrice en relief par rapport à chaque face d’appui sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention. Naturally, the embodiments presented are given by way of nonlimiting illustration, and the person skilled in the art can choose any other embodiment to form an electrically conductive portion in relief with respect to each bearing face without going out of the scope of the present invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Coffre (0) de batterie comprenant : 1. Battery box (0) comprising:
- un boîtier (1 ) formé d’un profilé présentant deux paires de faces opposées et deux extrémités ouvertes, configuré pour être assemblé à un boîtier d’un autre coffre le long d’une desdites faces, dite face d’appui, - a housing (1) formed of a profile having two pairs of opposite faces and two open ends, configured to be assembled to a housing of another trunk along one of said faces, called the support face,
- deux capots (2, 3) agencés à chaque extrémité du profilé pour fermer hermétiquement le boîtier (1 ), - two covers (2, 3) arranged at each end of the profile to hermetically seal the housing (1),
- une pluralité d’accumulateurs agencés dans le boîtier (1 ), - a plurality of accumulators arranged in the housing (1),
ledit coffre étant caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend au moins une portion électriquement conductrice en relief par rapport à chaque face d’appui du boîtier, de sorte à assurer un contact électrique avec l’autre coffre par appui de ladite portion électriquement conductrice contre une portion électriquement conductrice de l’autre coffre. said case being characterized in that it comprises at least one electrically conductive portion in relief with respect to each bearing face of the housing, so as to ensure electrical contact with the other case by pressing said electrically conductive portion against a electrically conductive portion of the other trunk.
2. Coffre selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le boîtier (1 ) est un profilé en aluminium. 3. Coffre selon l’une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel chaque capot (2, 3) présente un bord (20, 30) en relief par rapport à chaque face du boîtier, un des deux capots (2, 2. Safe according to claim 1, wherein the housing (1) is an aluminum profile. 3. Safe according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein each cover (2, 3) has an edge (20, 30) in relief relative to each face of the housing, one of the two covers (2,
3) étant électriquement conducteur, ledit capot électriquement conducteur étant en contact électrique avec le boîtier, le bord (20, 30) dudit capot constituant la portion électriquement conductrice du coffre. 3) being electrically conductive, said electrically conductive cover being in electrical contact with the housing, the edge (20, 30) of said cover constituting the electrically conductive portion of the trunk.
4. Coffre selon l’une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel la portion électriquement conductrice est une bande longitudinale formant le sommet d’une nervure (4) formée sur chaque face d’appui du boîtier (1 ) lors de l’extrusion du profilé. 4. Safe according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the electrically conductive portion is a longitudinal strip forming the top of a rib (4) formed on each bearing face of the housing (1) during extrusion of the profile.
5. Coffre selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ladite nervure présente une épaisseur constante dans la direction longitudinale du boîtier. 5. Safe according to claim 4, wherein said rib has a constant thickness in the longitudinal direction of the housing.
6. Coffre selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la nervure comprend une portion (4a) présentant une épaisseur maximale dans une région centrale du boîtier, et deux portions latérales (4b) présentant une épaisseur décroissante en direction de chaque extrémité du boîtier (1 ). 6. Safe according to claim 4, wherein the rib comprises a portion (4a) having a maximum thickness in a central region of the housing, and two side portions (4b) having a decreasing thickness towards each end of the housing (1) .
7. Coffre selon l’une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel la portion électriquement conductrice comprend une plaque (40) en un matériau électriquement conducteur soudée ou brasée sur chaque face d’appui du boîtier (1 ). 7. Safe according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the electrically conductive portion comprises a plate (40) of an electrically conductive material welded or brazed on each bearing face of the housing (1).
8. Coffre selon l’une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel la portion électriquement conductrice comprend une lame ressort (41 ) vissée sur chaque face d’appui du boîtier, ladite lame ressort (41 ) étant en contact avec la face d’appui du boîtier par une région électriquement conductrice de ladite face d’appui. 8. Safe according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the electrically conductive portion comprises a leaf spring (41) screwed on each bearing face of the housing, said leaf spring (41) being in contact with the face of support of the housing by an electrically conductive region of said support face.
9. Système de batterie modulaire comprenant au moins deux coffres (0) de batterie selon l’une des revendications 1 à 8 empilés le long des faces d’appui des boîtiers, dans lequel les coffres sont pressés l’un contre l’autre par un dispositif de compression, la portion électriquement conductrice d’un premier coffre étant maintenue en appui élastique contre la portion électriquement conductrice d’un second coffre de sorte à assurer un contact électrique entre le premier coffre et le second coffre. 9. Modular battery system comprising at least two battery boxes (0) according to one of claims 1 to 8 stacked along the bearing faces of the boxes, in which the boxes are pressed against each other by a compression device, the electrically conductive portion of a first chest being held in elastic abutment against the electrically conductive portion of a second chest so as to ensure electrical contact between the first chest and the second chest.
10. Système selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le dispositif de compression comprend une pluralité de tirants (6) s’étendant au travers des capots (2, 3) de chaque coffre. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the compression device comprises a plurality of tie rods (6) extending through the covers (2, 3) of each trunk.
1 1. Système selon l’une des revendications 9 ou 10, comprenant en outre deux équerres (7) électriquement conductrices agencées de part et d’autre de l’empilement de coffres (0), chaque équerre étant maintenue en appui contre la portion électriquement conductrice d’un coffre adjacent par un dispositif de compression et configurée pour être connectée électriquement au châssis d’un véhicule. 1 1. System according to one of claims 9 or 10, further comprising two electrically conductive brackets (7) arranged on either side of the stack of safes (0), each bracket being held in abutment against the portion electrically conductive of an adjacent trunk by a compression device and configured to be electrically connected to the chassis of a vehicle.
12. Véhicule équipé d’un système de batterie modulaire selon l’une des revendications 9 à 1 1 , comprenant une liaison électrique entre le châssis dudit véhicule et la portion électriquement conductrice de l’ensemble des coffres formant ladite batterie. 12. Vehicle equipped with a modular battery system according to one of claims 9 to 1 1, comprising an electrical connection between the chassis of said vehicle and the electrically conductive portion of all of the boxes forming said battery.
13. Procédé pour assurer la sécurité électrique d’un système de batterie modulaire d’un véhicule, comprenant : 13. Method for ensuring the electrical safety of a modular battery system of a vehicle, comprising:
- la fourniture d’au moins deux coffres de batterie selon l’une des revendications 1 à - the supply of at least two battery boxes according to one of claims 1 to
8 ; 8;
- l’empilement desdits coffres le long des faces d’appui des boîtiers ; - the stacking of said boxes along the support faces of the boxes;
- le serrage des coffres les uns contre les autres par un dispositif de compression, de sorte à maintenir une portion électriquement conductrice de chaque coffre en appui élastique contre une portion électriquement conductrice d’un coffre adjacent, - l’établissement d’une connexion électrique entre le châssis du véhicule et la portion électriquement conductrice de l’ensemble des coffres. tightening the boxes against each other by a compression device, so as to maintain an electrically conductive portion of each box in elastic support against an electrically conductive portion of an adjacent box, - the establishment of an electrical connection between the vehicle chassis and the electrically conductive portion of all of the boxes.
EP19868179.3A 2018-11-26 2019-11-26 Battery case and modular battery system Pending EP3888154A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1871816A FR3089067B1 (en) 2018-11-26 2018-11-26 BATTERY BOX AND MODULAR BATTERY SYSTEM
PCT/FR2019/052806 WO2020109714A1 (en) 2018-11-26 2019-11-26 Battery case and modular battery system

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FR3118309B1 (en) 2020-12-18 2023-09-22 Wattalps Waterproof electrical connection device
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US4460663A (en) * 1983-01-07 1984-07-17 Sab Nife Ab Battery casing construction and method of making same
US8609274B2 (en) * 2010-03-24 2013-12-17 Bren-Tronics Batteries International, L.L.C. Nested heatsink housing for lithium ion cells
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