EP3887743A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur thermique ou d'un caloduc - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur thermique ou d'un caloducInfo
- Publication number
- EP3887743A1 EP3887743A1 EP19805692.1A EP19805692A EP3887743A1 EP 3887743 A1 EP3887743 A1 EP 3887743A1 EP 19805692 A EP19805692 A EP 19805692A EP 3887743 A1 EP3887743 A1 EP 3887743A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- assembly
- interstices
- manufacturing
- face
- defining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silver Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Ag] YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium aluminum hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being formed by zig-zag bend plates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/38—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of refractory metals or nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/42—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of light metals
- C25D5/44—Aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/42—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of light metals
- C25D3/44—Aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2220/00—Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
Definitions
- TITLE Process for manufacturing a heat exchanger or a heat pipe
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an exchanger or a heat pipe comprising an assembly comprising at least one part comprising at least 90% by mass of a metal or a metal alloy, the part defining a plurality of channels circulation for one or more fluids.
- the invention also relates to a corresponding heat exchanger or heat pipe.
- a known type of heat exchanger implements a part consisting of a metal sheet folded back on itself in an accordion.
- Two plates fixed on either side of the metal sheet define parallel circulation channels between them and located on each side of the metal sheet.
- the longitudinal ends of the channels open onto faces of the accordion-shaped sheet in which the channels define interstices.
- the channels located on one side of the metal sheet are traversed by a cold fluid, while those located on the other side are traversed by a hot fluid.
- a cold fluid In the case of a heat exchanger, the channels located on one side of the metal sheet are traversed by a cold fluid, while those located on the other side are traversed by a hot fluid.
- the accordion sheets, and the plates covered on both sides with a brazing film are alternately stacked on top of each other so as to constitute a block called “matrix” or “assembly”. This stack is then assembled in a first step in a brazing oven.
- the assembly generally comprises a first and last plate of greater thickness than the plates.
- closure bars are generally fixed on the matrix. Fluid supply heads are then added to the matrix to form the exchanger.
- a first method consists in making, initially, a closed or semi-open frame in which we will insert an accordion sheet to assemble it by brazing for the first time.
- a set of these frames is assembled by brazing in order to constitute the exchanger matrix.
- the fluid connection tubes are brazed to the matrix.
- a second method consists, firstly, in assembling by brazing all of the accordion sheets on all of the plates, to which are possibly joined the longitudinally oriented closing bars.
- the sides of the accordion sheets are machined to align them perfectly, in order to assemble them by brazing with the closing bars oriented transversely.
- the matrix of the exchanger is thus obtained.
- the fluid connection tubes are welded or brazed to the matrix.
- An object of the invention is therefore to provide a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger or a heat pipe integrating a part such as the aforementioned accordion part, that is to say having micro-interstices, in particular when the heat exchanger or the heat pipe is small.
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing a heat exchanger or a heat pipe, comprising at least the following steps:
- an assembly comprising at least one part comprising at least 90% by mass of a metal or a metal alloy, the part having at least one face defining a plurality of interstices, each of the interstices comprising at least two edges opposites separated on the face by a maximum distance less than or equal to 550 micrometers, the part defining a plurality of circulation channels for fluids, each of the circulation channels defining one of the interstices, and
- the method comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination:
- the part comprises a metal sheet folded in accordion, a corrugated edge of the sheet forming the edges of the interstices, the circulation channels extending parallel to, and on both sides of the sheet;
- the part is made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum, or titanium;
- the step of obtaining the assembly includes a sub-step for fixing the part on at least two plates, the part being located between the two plates in a direction;
- the fixing sub-step comprises brazing the part on said at least two plates
- the method also comprises one or more of the following steps prior to the immersion and electroplating step:
- the electrolytic bath comprises nickel, the layer mainly comprising nickel;
- the electrolytic bath comprises nickel sulfamate
- the manufacturing process also includes a step of immersing the assembly in a Wood bath to pre-nickel the part before said step of immersing the assembly in an electrolytic and electroplating bath .
- the invention also relates to a heat exchanger or a heat pipe comprising:
- an assembly comprising at least one part comprising at least 90% by mass of a metal or a metal alloy, the part having at least one face defining a plurality of interstices, each of the interstices comprising at least two opposite opposite edges on the face by a maximum distance less than or equal to 550 micrometers, the part defining a plurality of circulation channels for fluids, each of the circulation channels defining one of the interstices, and - a metal layer electro-deposited on said face and covering the interstices.
- the exchanger or the heat pipe can be obtained, or are actually obtained, by a manufacturing process as described above.
- FIG 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention
- FIG 2 is a perspective view of an assembly (matrix) of the heat exchanger shown in Figure 1, the fluid collectors having been removed,
- FIG 3 is a partial front view of the assembly shown in Figures 1 and 2,
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one of the stages of the assembly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3,
- FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the stage shown in FIG. 4, and of electro-deposited layers,
- Figure 6 is a schematic view illustrating a step of immersing the assembly in an electrolytic bath of a process according to the invention.
- Figure 7 is a schematic view, in section, illustrating a step of electrodeposition of a method according to the invention.
- the heat exchanger 1 includes a set 5
- the cold fluid is for example water or a mixture of water and glycol.
- the hot fluid is for example an HFE type refrigerant
- the assembly 5 comprises for example four stages 15, 17, 19, 21 superimposed in a direction Z, for example vertical, and two end plates 23, 25 respectively forming an upper face 27 and a lower face 29 of the assembly.
- the assembly 5 is for example of general parallelepiped shape.
- the assembly 5 comprises two lateral faces 31, 33 (FIG. 2) opposite in a direction Y substantially perpendicular to the direction Z, and two lateral faces 35, 37 opposite in a direction X substantially perpendicular to the direction Z and to the direction Y .
- the lateral faces 31, 33, 35, 37 are for example rectangular, and two of them consecutive around the direction Z advantageously form a substantially right angle.
- the lateral face 31 comprises for example three inputs E1, E2, E3 for three flows F1 1, F12 and F13 coming from the cold fluid F1, and two outputs S1 ', S2' for two flows F21 'and F22' intended to form the fluid cooled F2 '.
- the side face 33 has two inlets (not visible in FIG. 2 because they are located at the rear) for two streams F21 and F22 coming from the hot fluid F2, and three outlets (also not visible in FIG. 2) for three streams F1 1 ', F12' and F13 'intended to form the heated fluid F1'.
- the stages 15, 17, 19, 21 are substantially similar to each other.
- inlets and outlets are presented, for example, as slots extending in the direction X on the lateral faces 31, 33.
- the inputs E1, E2 and E3 are for example aligned in the direction Z and situated opposite the member 7.
- the outputs S1 'and S2' are for example superimposed in the direction Z and located opposite the member 13. The same applies for the outputs located on the lateral face 33, except that 'They are located opposite the member 9.
- the stages 15 to 21 are formed by plates 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 (FIG. 3) substantially perpendicular to the direction Z and alternating with parts 49, 51, 53, 55.
- the parts 49, 51, 53, 55 are similar to each other, so only the part 53 belonging to stage 19 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.
- Part 53 comprises at least 90% by mass of a metal or a metal alloy.
- the part 53 is made of stainless steel, for example 316L.
- the part 53 is made of copper, aluminum, or titanium.
- the part 53 is formed by a metal sheet 58 folded back on itself in an accordion, in the example parallel to the direction X.
- the part 53 defines a plurality of circulation channels 63 located above the metal sheet 58 and intended to receive the flow F12, and a plurality of circulation channels 65 located under the metal sheet and intended to receive the flow F22.
- the part 53 is fixed to the plates 43, 45, advantageously by brazing.
- the part 53 is glued to the rest of the assembly 5, in particular if the latter is not entirely metallic.
- the part 53 has two faces 59, 60 opposite in the direction X, on which a corrugated edge 60A of the sheet 58 defines interstices 61.
- the faces 59, 60 are for example perpendicular to the direction X.
- the circulation channels 63, 65 are oriented substantially in the direction X.
- the interstices 61 have two edges 67, 69 (FIG. 3) opposite in the direction Y and separated by a maximum distance D less than or equal to 550 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 250 ⁇ m, and for example less than 150 ⁇ m.
- the plates 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 are structurally similar to each other.
- the plates 39, 43, 47 have the same orientation in space, while the plates 41 and 45 have another orientation in space, deduced from the first for example by a rotation of 180 ° around the direction X .
- Each of the plates 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 for example has a generally rectangular shape in view in the direction Z.
- Each of the plates comprises two cutouts 71, 73 (FIG. 5), for example symmetrical to one another by relative to a point S located in the center of the plate.
- Each of the cutouts 71, 73 extends in the example in the direction Y from one of the side faces 31 or 33 the assembly 5, above or below the circulation channels 63, 65.
- the plates 39, 41, 43, 45, 47 are made of metal or a metal alloy, for example stainless steel, advantageously 316L.
- the plates are fixed respectively on the parts 49, 51, 53, 55, for example by conventional brazing.
- the plates are made of copper, aluminum, or titanium.
- the plates are made of the same material as the parts 49, 51, 53, 55.
- the organs 7, 9, 1 1, 13 are advantageously similar to each other. Also, only the member 7 will be described in detail below.
- the member 7 is made of metal or a metal alloy, for example stainless steel, advantageously 316L.
- the member 7 is made of copper, aluminum, or titanium.
- the member 7 is made of the same material as the plates 39, 41, 43, 45, 47.
- the member 7 comprises a tubular upper part 79, and a lower part 81 situated in the extension of the first part in the direction Z and obtained by cutting along a plane corresponding to the upper face 27 and along a plane corresponding to the lateral face 31.
- the member 7 also comprises a bottom 83.
- the heat exchanger 1 also includes electro-metallic layers 85 deposited in particular on the faces 59 and 60 of the parts 49, 51, 53, 55, and possibly on other faces.
- the layers 85 are adapted to plug the interstices 61 on the faces 59, 60.
- the layers 85 are for example made of nickel.
- the layers 85 are made of copper, copper-nickel alloy, or aluminum.
- the thickness of the layer 85 is advantageously between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, and is for example around 1 mm.
- the heat exchanger 1 comprises other electro-deposited layers (not shown).
- the assembly 5 or the heat exchanger 1 are covered by one or more electro-deposited layers.
- a heat pipe according to the invention is also described. This is not strictly represented in the figures, but is easily deduced therefrom.
- the circulation channels 63, 65 respectively define an upper space situated above the part 53, and a lower space situated below the part 53. These spaces are closed in the direction X by the electro-deposited layers 85, and in the direction Y by the extreme folds of the part 53. Suitable fluids, distinct or not, are present in these spaces and free to circulate in the circulation channels 63, 65.
- the heat pipe contains a fluid injected by an airtight filling device (not shown), for example a tapping made on the plate 43.
- the heat pipe is used in vertical position, that is to say that the direction X is then vertical.
- the face 60 is in the high position and the face 59 in the low position.
- the lower face 59 is placed on an object (not shown) to be cooled, for example an electronic component whose temperature must be maintained between 20 and 30 ° C.
- the heat thus collected at the face 59 causes the fluid to boil, in the liquid phase in the lower part of the heat pipe.
- the vapor propagates to the upper part, towards the face 58, which itself is cooled on its external part by a refrigeration / refrigeration device. Consequently, on this upper face 60, the vapor condenses and falls by gravity towards the lower part.
- the changes of state by successive evaporations and condensations make it possible to extract a very large amount of heat from the object in contact with the face 59 in the lower part.
- the heat pipe is particularly effective, because both in the low zone (evaporation) and in the high zone (condensation), the exchange surface / volume ratio is very important.
- the manufacture of the heat exchanger 1 will now be described. It illustrates a manufacturing process according to the invention.
- the brazing sheets 87 are made of a brazing alloy, for example of BNi-2 alloy, or of any other material suitable for the composition of parts 49, 51, 53, 55 and plates 39, 41, 43, 45, for example made of copper-silver eutectic alloy for brazing copper parts.
- the assembly of the parts 49, 51, 53, 55, of the plates 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, of the end plates 23 and 25, and of the brazing sheets 87 is produced by stacking, and mechanically maintained by means of a tool. adapted (not shown).
- the assembly is heated to a brazing temperature to obtain the assembly 5.
- the assembly is not obtained by brazing, but for example by gluing.
- the assembly 5 then undergoes chemical degreasing and electrolytic degreasing. These operations are known in themselves to those skilled in the art in order to clean surfaces with a view to depositing them by electrolysis.
- Electrolytic degreasing is for example carried out in a conventional bath for stainless steel and nickel in cathodic polarization, with a current density of 4A / dm 2 for 10 minutes at 35 ° C.
- the assembly 5 then undergoes anodic activation in an acid medium, for example for two minutes.
- the assembly 5 thus cleaned and activated undergoes an electrolytic pre-nickel plating by immersion in a Wood bath, for example at 25 ° C., with a cathodic current density of 6 A / dm 2 for 8 minutes.
- Wood's bath includes, for example, nickel chloride NiCI 2 .6H 2 0 at 100-250 g / liter, and hydrochloric acid HCl at 85-125 cm 3 / liter.
- the assembly 5 thus prepared is immersed in an electrolytic bath 89, and the layer 85 is electro-deposited on the faces 59, 60 of the parts 49, 51, 53, 55.
- the electrolytic bath 89 advantageously comprises nickel sulfamate.
- the electrolytic bath 89 is for example a mixture of copper sulphate and sulfuric acid.
- the electrolytic bath 89 comprises for example an organic solvent, such as a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and benzene, in which aluminum chloride AICI is advantageously dissolved. 3 and lithium aluminum hydride UAIH 4 .
- the assembly 5 is electrically connected to the cathode of a generator 91.
- the assembly 5 therefore plays the role of cathode in electrolysis.
- a consumable anode 93 is immersed in the electrolytic bath 89 and connected to the anode of the generator 91.
- Anode 93 is for example made of nickel beads depolarized with sulfur.
- metallic seeds 95 appear almost only at the level of the gap 61 on the wavy edge 60A of the parts 49, 51, 53, 55.
- the seeds 95 grow by forming a swelling of the wavy edge. Then, the seeds 95 join in the direction Y and grow further to form the layer 85, which completely blocks the interstices 61 of the faces 59, 60.
- the germs 85 grow little in the X direction towards the inside of the circulation channels 63, 65.
- the members 7, 9, 1 1, 13 are then fixed to the assembly 5 by soldering, welding, bonding or any other process suitable for the heat exchanger 1.
- the members 7, 9, 1 1, 13 are fixed on the assembly 5 during the assembly operation, before the step or steps of electroplating.
- the heat pipe described above is produced in a similar manner. It is for example composed of five parts: the sheet 58, the two distribution plates 43 and 45 provided with opening 71 closed on their outer edge and two end plates 23 and 25.
- the parts 23, 25, 43, 45 and 53 are assembled by brazing, in a similar manner to the case of the exchanger.
- the faces 59 and 60 are closed by electrodeposition.
- the end plates 23 and 25 are drilled to allow the fixing by welding or brazing of tubes used for filling the fluid. This last operation can also take place before the deposit step.
- the cold fluid F1 enters the member 7.
- the cold fluid F1 flows along the lateral face 31 of the assembly 5 and is divided into the flows F1 1, F12 and F13 (FIG. 2) .
- the flows F11, F12 and F13 enter the set 5 through the inputs E1, E2, E3.
- the flow F12 flows substantially in the direction Y in the cutout 73 of the plate 43 which plays the role of distributor (FIG. 5).
- the flow F12 flows then penetrates into the circulation channels 63 (upper) of the part 53 and into the circulation channels 65 (lower) of the part 51 (FIG. 3).
- the cold fluid exchanges heat with the hot fluid F2 situated respectively on the other side of each of the parts 51, 53, and becomes cools and becomes flow F12 '.
- the flow F12 ′ leaves the assembly 5 via the face 33 at the cutout 71 of the plate 43.
- the flows F1 1 and F13 flow through the assembly 5 from the side face 31 to the side face 33 by exchanging heat against the current with the flows F21 and F22.
- the hot fluid F2 penetrates into the member 11 and divides into the flows F21 and F22 which enter the assembly 5 through the lateral face 33.
- the flow F22 penetrates through the cutout 73 of the plate 45 and enters the channels 65 (lower) defined by the part 53 and in the channels 63 of the part 55.
- the flows F21 and F22 are cooled by heat exchange through the parts 49, 51 on the one hand and 53, 55 on the other hand and emerge in the form of cooled flows F21 'and F22'.
- the streams F21 “and F22" combine in the member 13 to form the cooled fluid F2 ".
- the process allows the manufacture of the heat exchanger 1 or of the heat pipe described above, by treating the parts 49, 51, 53, 55 having the micro-interstices 61. This makes it possible in particular to give small dimensions to the heat exchanger 1 and to the heat pipe described above.
- the method allows the manufacture of the heat exchanger 1 or the heat pipe while minimizing the number of brazing steps. This makes it possible to obtain exchangers of small dimensions, at reduced cost, and possibly in a single brazing step.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1871828A FR3088999B1 (fr) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | Procédé de fabrication d’un échangeur thermique ou d’un caloduc |
PCT/EP2019/082195 WO2020109155A1 (fr) | 2018-11-26 | 2019-11-22 | Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur thermique ou d'un caloduc |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3887743A1 true EP3887743A1 (fr) | 2021-10-06 |
EP3887743B1 EP3887743B1 (fr) | 2022-05-18 |
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EP19805692.1A Active EP3887743B1 (fr) | 2018-11-26 | 2019-11-22 | Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur thermique ou d'un caloduc |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3887743B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3088999B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020109155A1 (fr) |
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CN112522747B (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-01-07 | 瑞声科技(南京)有限公司 | 均温板上盖板的制备方法以及均温板 |
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US20050263273A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-01 | Crumly William R | Electroformed microchannel cooler and methods of making same |
KR100992961B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-30 | 2010-11-08 | 주식회사 동화엔텍 | 플레이트형 열교환기 제조방법 |
FR3026890B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-03 | 2017-12-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de controle de la fermeture de cavite par depot non conforme d'une couche |
KR101891444B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-08-23 | 주식회사프로스트 | 니켈 도금에 의해 내식성이 강한 번들타입의 판형 열교환모듈 및 이의 제조방법 |
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2018
- 2018-11-26 FR FR1871828A patent/FR3088999B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2019
- 2019-11-22 EP EP19805692.1A patent/EP3887743B1/fr active Active
- 2019-11-22 WO PCT/EP2019/082195 patent/WO2020109155A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3088999B1 (fr) | 2020-12-11 |
WO2020109155A1 (fr) | 2020-06-04 |
FR3088999A1 (fr) | 2020-05-29 |
EP3887743B1 (fr) | 2022-05-18 |
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