EP3887675A1 - Method for controlling a wind turbine - Google Patents

Method for controlling a wind turbine

Info

Publication number
EP3887675A1
EP3887675A1 EP19809806.3A EP19809806A EP3887675A1 EP 3887675 A1 EP3887675 A1 EP 3887675A1 EP 19809806 A EP19809806 A EP 19809806A EP 3887675 A1 EP3887675 A1 EP 3887675A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
blade
blade angle
wind energy
energy installation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19809806.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Harald Wegmann
Timm Mross
Reinhard Cloppenburg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wobben Properties GmbH
Original Assignee
Wobben Properties GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wobben Properties GmbH filed Critical Wobben Properties GmbH
Publication of EP3887675A1 publication Critical patent/EP3887675A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/026—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for starting-up
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F03D7/047—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the controller architecture, e.g. multiple processors or data communications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/31—Locking rotor in position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F05B2270/1075—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies by temporary overriding set control limits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/328—Blade pitch angle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling a wind energy installation when the wind energy installation is started or started, a mobile control unit and a wind energy installation.
  • the wind turbine In normal operation, the wind turbine is connected to an electrical supply network and supplies electrical energy to the supply network. However, if there is no wind, the wind turbine itself may take electrical energy from the energy supply network in order to maintain its operation.
  • the wind energy installation is typically not yet connected to the electrical energy supply network when it is being set up and therefore cannot draw any energy from the supply network in order to control the wind energy installation.
  • a so-called assembly aid can be provided, for example, to control the wind energy installation while it is not connected to the electrical energy supply network.
  • This assembly aid can have an electrical power supply and a control unit.
  • the German Patent and Trademark Office researched the following documents: EP 2 905 467 A1, DE 10 2008 022 383 A1, DE 10 2010 039 628 A1, DE 10 2010 037 695 A1, DE 10 2013 004 580 A1 and EP 2 963 287 A1.
  • a method for controlling a wind energy installation when the wind energy installation is started up or started up is thus provided before the wind energy installation is connected to an electrical supply network or before the wind energy installation is reconnected to the electrical energy supply network.
  • the wind power plant has a rotor with a rotor lock, at least one rotor blade and at least one blade angle detection sensor for each rotor blade for detecting the blade angle of the rotor blade.
  • the blade angle of the at least one rotor blade is detected by means of the blade angle detection sensor. Unlocking of the rotor lock is blocked until the detected at least one blade angle is within a predetermined angular range. This can ensure that the rotor lock is only released when the blades are in the flag position, for example.
  • the blade angle detection sensor can have inductive sensors and position gauges.
  • the blade angle can also be recorded using any other sensors.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a wind energy installation according to one aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a wind turbine according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • the wind turbine 100 has a tower 102 with a nacelle 104 and an aerodynamic rotor 106.
  • the aerodynamic rotor 106 has at least one rotor blade 200, 201-203.
  • the blade angle of the rotor blades 200, 201-203 can be set, for example, by means of a pitch motor, not shown.
  • a rotor brake 400 can optionally be provided, which serves to be able to brake the aerodynamic rotor 106.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 each show a schematic representation of the functional groups of a wind energy plant according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the rotor blade 203 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the rotor blade 203 has, for example, a blade angle of 90 ° and can be arranged in the 3 o'clock position.
  • a blade angle detection sensor 600 with, for example, two sensors 610 and two position gauges 620 can be provided in the region of a rotor blade root of the blade 203.
  • the two other rotor blades 201, 202 can also have a corresponding blade angle detection sensor 600.
  • the information from the blade angle detection sensors 600 of the three rotor blades 201-203 can be output to a blade angle detection unit 500.
  • the blade angle detection unit 500 can summarize the blade angle information of the three rotor blades 201-203. The summarized information can be forwarded to a construction aid 700.
  • the assembly aid 700 can be used in particular when the wind energy installation is being installed and the wind energy installation is not yet connected to the electrical energy supply network. As an alternative to this, the assembly aid 700 can be used according to the invention after the wind energy installation has been serviced and the wind energy installation has been disconnected from the supply network
  • the assembly aid 700 which represents a mobile control unit, can be used to control certain functions of the wind energy installation 100, for example the blade angle adjustment.
  • the brake 400 and the rotor lock 300 can be connected to the mobile control unit 700, or the mobile control unit 700 receives information relating to the operation of the brake 400 and the rotor lock 300.
  • the sensors 110 can be configured, for example, as inductive sensors.
  • the rotor lock 300 can optionally have an electromagnetic valve 310 and a plurality of bolts 320, which can be inserted or removed in recesses 330 in the rotor in order to lock or release the rotor.
  • the rotor lock can also be carried out in another way.
  • the mobile control unit (assembly aid) 700 is designed, particularly when the wind energy installation has been disconnected from the energy supply network, to block an unlocking of the rotor lock until the mobile control unit 700 receives corresponding blade angle information from the control unit 500.
  • the rotor lock 300 is only unlocked or deactivated when the three rotor blades 201-203 are in a desired position, for example the flag position.
  • the brake 400 can also be released when the control unit 500 notifies the mobile control unit 700 that the blade angles of the rotor blades 201-203 are in the desired position. While the rotor blades in FIG. 2 are in the flag position, the rotor blades according to FIG. 3 have a blade angle of ⁇ 90 °.
  • the blade angles of the three rotor blades 201-203 are not in the desired range and the control unit 500 passes this information on to the mobile control unit 700, so that the rotor lock 300 and / or the brake 400 cannot be released.
  • 4 and 5 each show a schematic representation of the functional groups of a wind power plant according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention. While the first exemplary embodiment relates to a mobile control unit 700, the second exemplary embodiment describes how the method according to the invention is solved with the fixed and central gondola control unit 800.
  • the rotor blade 203 is shown in the 90 ° position, so that the connection box / control unit 500 can transmit a corresponding signal via a rotor subdistribution 106a, via a slip ring transmitter 90 to a nacelle control unit 800.
  • the nacelle control unit 800 can be coupled to a stator unit 950, which in turn can be coupled to a rotor brake 400 and the rotor lock 300.
  • the brake 400 and the rotor lock 300 correspond to the brake 400 and the rotor lock 300 according to the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the rotor blade 203 has a blade angle of ⁇ 90 ° and is therefore not in the flag position.
  • This corresponding information on the respective rotor blades 201-203 is output to the control unit 500, which summarizes this information and forwards it to the nacelle control unit 800 via the rotor sub-distribution 106a and the slip ring transmitter 900.
  • the stator unit 950 cannot release the rotor lock or the brake 400 since the rotor blades 200 do not have the desired blade angle.

Abstract

Provided is a method for controlling a wind turbine (100) when starting or running up the wind turbine (100) before the wind turbine (100) is connected to an electric supply network or before the wind turbine (100) is re-connected to the electric power supply network. The wind turbine (100) comprises a rotor (106) having a rotor locking means (300), at least one rotor blade (200, 201 – 203) and at least one blade angle detecting sensor (600) for each rotor blade for detecting the blade angle of the rotor blade (200). The blade angle of the at least one rotor blade (200, 201 – 203) is detected by means of the blade angle detecting sensor (600). Unlocking of the rotor locking means (300) is blocked until the at least one blade angle detected lies within a predefined angular range. It is therefore possible to ensure that the rotor locking means is released only when the blades are, for example, in the feathered position.

Description

Verfahren zum Steuern einer Windenergieanlage Method for controlling a wind turbine
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer Windenergieanlage bei einem Start oder Anfahren der Windenergieanlage, eine mobile Steuereinheit und eine Windenergieanlage. The present invention relates to a method for controlling a wind energy installation when the wind energy installation is started or started, a mobile control unit and a wind energy installation.
Im normalen Betrieb ist die Windenergieanlage mit einem elektrischen Versorgungsnetz verbunden und liefert elektrische Energie an das Versorgungsnetz. Wenn jedoch kein Wind vorhanden ist, dann kann es Vorkommen, dass die Windenergieanlage selbst elektrische Energie aus dem Energieversorgungsnetz entnimmt, um ihren Betrieb aufrechtzuerhalten. In normal operation, the wind turbine is connected to an electrical supply network and supplies electrical energy to the supply network. However, if there is no wind, the wind turbine itself may take electrical energy from the energy supply network in order to maintain its operation.
Ferner ist die Windenergieanlage beim Aufbau typischerweise auch noch nicht an das elektrische Energieversorgungsnetz angeschlossen und kann somit keine Energie aus dem Versorgungsnetz entnehmen, um die Windenergieanlage zu steuern. Zur Steuerung der Windenergieanlage, während sie nicht an dem elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetz angeschlossen ist, kann beispielsweise eine sogenannte Aufbauhilfe vorgesehen sein. Diese Aufbauhilfe kann eine elektrische Energieversorgung und eine Steuereinheit aufweisen. In der prioritätsbegründenden deutschen Patentanmeldung hat das Deutsche Patent- und Markenamt die folgenden Dokumente recherchiert: EP 2 905 467 A1 , DE 10 2008 022 383 A1 , DE 10 2010 039 628 A1 , DE 10 2010 037 695 A1 , DE 10 2013 004 580 A1 und EP 2 963 287 A1. Furthermore, the wind energy installation is typically not yet connected to the electrical energy supply network when it is being set up and therefore cannot draw any energy from the supply network in order to control the wind energy installation. A so-called assembly aid can be provided, for example, to control the wind energy installation while it is not connected to the electrical energy supply network. This assembly aid can have an electrical power supply and a control unit. In the priority-based German patent application, the German Patent and Trademark Office researched the following documents: EP 2 905 467 A1, DE 10 2008 022 383 A1, DE 10 2010 039 628 A1, DE 10 2010 037 695 A1, DE 10 2013 004 580 A1 and EP 2 963 287 A1.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer Wind- energieanlage beim Start oder Anfahren der Windenergieanlage vorzusehen, bevor die Windenergieanlage an ein elektrisches Versorgungsnetz angeschlossen ist. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling a wind energy installation when the wind energy installation is started or started up before the wind energy installation is connected to an electrical supply network.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , durch eine mobile Steuereinheit nach Anspruch 4 und durch eine Windenergieanlage nach Anspruch 6 gelöst. Somit wird ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer Windenergieanlage bei einem Start oder Anfahren der Windenergieanlage, bevor die Windenergieanlage an ein elektrisches Versorgungsnetz angeschlossen ist oder bevor die Windenergieanlage wieder an das elektrische Energieversorgungsnetz angeschlossen wird, vorgesehen. Die Windenergieanlage weist einen Rotor mit einer Rotorarretierung, mindestens ein Rotorblatt und mindestens einem Blattwinkelerfassungssensor für jedes Rotorblatt zum Erfassen des Blattwinkels des Rotorblatts auf. Der Blattwinkel des mindestens einen Rotorblattes wird mittels des Blattwinkelerfassungssensors erfasst. Eine Entriegelung der Rotorarretierung wird solange blockiert, bis sich der erfasste mindestens eine Blattwinkel innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Winkelbereichs befindet. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Rotorarretierung lediglich dann gelöst wird, wenn sich die Blätter beispielsweise in der Fahnenstellung befinden. This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, by a mobile control unit according to claim 4 and by a wind turbine according to claim 6. A method for controlling a wind energy installation when the wind energy installation is started up or started up is thus provided before the wind energy installation is connected to an electrical supply network or before the wind energy installation is reconnected to the electrical energy supply network. The wind power plant has a rotor with a rotor lock, at least one rotor blade and at least one blade angle detection sensor for each rotor blade for detecting the blade angle of the rotor blade. The blade angle of the at least one rotor blade is detected by means of the blade angle detection sensor. Unlocking of the rotor lock is blocked until the detected at least one blade angle is within a predetermined angular range. This can ensure that the rotor lock is only released when the blades are in the flag position, for example.
Hiermit kann insbesondere eine Havarie beim Aufbau einer Windenergieanlage vermieden werden, wenn die Rotorarretierung gelöst wird und die Windenergieanlage noch nicht an das elektrische Versorgungsnetz angeschlossen ist, um beispielsweise eine Blattwinkelverstellung durchführen zu können und der vorhandene Wind den aerodynamischen Rotor (Nabe + Rotorblätter) ungebremst in Rotation versetzt. In this way, in particular, an accident during the construction of a wind energy installation can be avoided if the rotor lock is released and the wind energy installation is not yet connected to the electrical supply network, for example in order to be able to perform a blade angle adjustment and the existing wind unbrakes the aerodynamic rotor (hub + rotor blades) Rotation offset.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung kann der Blattwinkelerfassungssensor Induktivsensoren und Positionslehren aufweisen. Die Erfassung des Blattwinkels kann je- doch auch über beliebige andere Sensoren erfolgen. According to one aspect of the present invention, the blade angle detection sensor can have inductive sensors and position gauges. However, the blade angle can also be recorded using any other sensors.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Vorteile und Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung naher erläutert. Advantages and embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Windenergieanlage gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung, 1 shows a schematic illustration of a wind energy installation according to one aspect of the present invention,
Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen jeweils eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsgruppen einer Windenergieanlage gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, und 2 and 3 each show a schematic representation of the functional groups of a wind power plant according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen jeweils eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsgruppen ei- ner Windenergieanlage gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der 4 and 5 each show a schematic representation of the functional groups of a wind energy installation according to a second exemplary embodiment of the
Erfindung. Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Windenergieanlage gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die Windenergieanlage 100 weist einen Turm 102 mit einer Gondel 104 und einem aerodynamischen Rotor 106 auf. Der aerodynamische Rotor 106 weist mindestens ein Rotorblatt 200, 201-203 auf. Der Blattwinkel der Rotorblätter 200, 201-203 ist beispielsweise mittels eines nicht gezeigten Pitchmotors einstellbar. Der RotorInvention. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a wind turbine according to one aspect of the present invention. The wind turbine 100 has a tower 102 with a nacelle 104 and an aerodynamic rotor 106. The aerodynamic rotor 106 has at least one rotor blade 200, 201-203. The blade angle of the rotor blades 200, 201-203 can be set, for example, by means of a pitch motor, not shown. The rotor
106 kann durch eine Rotorarretierung 300 arretiert werden. Optional kann eine Rotorbremse 400 vorgesehen sein, welche dazu dient, den aerodynamischen Rotor 106 abbremsen zu können. 106 can be locked by a rotor lock 300. A rotor brake 400 can optionally be provided, which serves to be able to brake the aerodynamic rotor 106.
Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen jeweils eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsgruppen einer Windenergieanlage gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. In Fig. 2 ist insbesondere das Rotorblatt 203 dargestellt. Das Rotorblatt 203 weist beispielsweise einen Blattwinkel von 90° auf und kann in der 3-Uhr-Position angeordnet sein. Im Bereich einer Rotorblattwurzel des Blattes 203 kann ein Blattwinkelerfassungssensor 600 mit beispielsweise zwei Sensoren 610 und zwei Positionslehren 620 vorgesehen sein. Die beiden an- deren Rotorblätter 201 , 202 können ebenfalls über einen entsprechenden Blattwinkelerfassungssensor 600 verfügen. Die Informationen der Blattwinkelerfassungssensoren 600 der drei Rotorblätter 201-203 können an eine Blattwinkelerfassungseinheit 500 ausgegeben werden. In der Blattwinkelerfassungseinheit 500 können die Informationen der Blattwinkel der drei Rotorblätter 201-203 zusammengefasst werden. Die zusammengefassten Infor- mationen können an eine Aufbauhilfe 700 weitergeleitet werden. Die Aufbauhilfe 700 kann insbesondere verwendet werden, wenn die Windenergieanlage errichtet wird und die Windenergieanlage noch nicht an das elektrische Energieversorgungsnetz angeschlossen ist. Alternativ dazu kann die Aufbauhilfe 700, nachdem ein Service der Windenergieanlage durchgeführt worden ist und die Windenergieanlage vom Versorgungsnetz getrennt war, erfindungsgemäß verwendet werden 2 and 3 each show a schematic representation of the functional groups of a wind energy plant according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention. In particular, the rotor blade 203 is shown in FIG. 2. The rotor blade 203 has, for example, a blade angle of 90 ° and can be arranged in the 3 o'clock position. A blade angle detection sensor 600 with, for example, two sensors 610 and two position gauges 620 can be provided in the region of a rotor blade root of the blade 203. The two other rotor blades 201, 202 can also have a corresponding blade angle detection sensor 600. The information from the blade angle detection sensors 600 of the three rotor blades 201-203 can be output to a blade angle detection unit 500. The blade angle detection unit 500 can summarize the blade angle information of the three rotor blades 201-203. The summarized information can be forwarded to a construction aid 700. The assembly aid 700 can be used in particular when the wind energy installation is being installed and the wind energy installation is not yet connected to the electrical energy supply network. As an alternative to this, the assembly aid 700 can be used according to the invention after the wind energy installation has been serviced and the wind energy installation has been disconnected from the supply network
Mittels der Aufbauhilfe 700, welche eine mobile Steuereinheit darstellt, können bestimmte Funktionen der Windenergieanlage 100, wie beispielsweise die Blattwinkelverstellung, gesteuert werden. An die mobile Steuereinheit 700 kann die Bremse 400 und die Rotorarretierung 300 angeschlossen sein bzw. die mobile Steuereinheit 700 empfängt Informationen hinsichtlich des Betriebs der Bremse 400 sowie der Rotorarretierung 300. The assembly aid 700, which represents a mobile control unit, can be used to control certain functions of the wind energy installation 100, for example the blade angle adjustment. The brake 400 and the rotor lock 300 can be connected to the mobile control unit 700, or the mobile control unit 700 receives information relating to the operation of the brake 400 and the rotor lock 300.
Die Sensoren 110 können beispielsweise als Induktivsensoren ausgestaltet sein. Die Rotorarretierung 300 kann optional ein elektromagnetisches Ventil 310 sowie mehrere Bolzen 320 aufweisen, welche in Ausnehmungen 330 im Rotor eingeführt oder entfernt werden können, um den Rotor zu arretieren oder zu lösen. The sensors 110 can be configured, for example, as inductive sensors. The rotor lock 300 can optionally have an electromagnetic valve 310 and a plurality of bolts 320, which can be inserted or removed in recesses 330 in the rotor in order to lock or release the rotor.
Alternativ dazu kann die Rotorarretierung auch auf andere Art und Weise durchgeführt werden. Alternatively, the rotor lock can also be carried out in another way.
Die mobile Steuereinheit (Aufbauhilfe) 700 ist dazu ausgestaltet, insbesondere wenn die Windenergieanlage von dem Energieversorgungsnetz getrennt worden ist, eine Entriegelung der Rotorarretierung solange zu blockieren, bis die mobile Steuereinheit 700 entsprechende Blattwinkelinformationen von der Steuereinheit 500 erhält. Mit anderen Worten, die Rotorarretierung 300 wird erst dann entriegelt oder deaktiviert, wenn sich die drei Rotorblätter 201-203 in einer gewünschten Position, beispielsweise der Fahnenposition, befinden. Zusammen mit der Rotorarretierung 300 kann auch die Bremse 400 gelöst werden, wenn die Steuereinheit 500 der mobilen Steuereinheit 700 mitteilt, dass die Blattwinkel der Rotorblätter 201 -203 sich in der gewünschten Position befinden. Während sich die Rotorblätter in Fig. 2 in der Fahnenstellung befinden, weisen die Rotorblätter gemäß Fig. 3 einen Blattwinkel von < 90° auf. In diesem Fall befinden sich die Blattwinkel der drei Rotorblätter 201-203 nicht in dem gewünschten Bereich und die Steuereinheit 500 gibt diese Informationen an die mobile Steuereinheit 700 weiter, so dass die Rotorarretierung 300 und/oder die Bremse 400 nicht freigegeben werden können. Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen jeweils eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsgruppen einer Windenergieanlage gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Während das erste Ausführungsbeispiel sich auf eine mobile Steuereinheit 700 bezieht, beschreibt das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel, wie das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit der festen und zentralen Gondelsteuereinheit 800 gelöst wird. In Fig. 4 ist das Rotorblatt 203 in der 90° Position dargestellt, damit kann die Anschlussbox/Steuereinheit 500 ein entsprechendes Signal über eine Rotorunterverteilung 106a, über einen Schleifringübertrager 90 zu einer Gondelsteuereinheit 800 übertragen. Die Gondelsteuereinheit 800 kann mit einer Statoreinheit 950 gekoppelt sein, welche wiederum mit einer Rotorbremse 400 und der Rotorarretierung 300 gekoppelt sein können. Die Bremse 400 und die Rotorarretierung 300 ent- sprechen jeweils der Bremse 400 und der Rotorarretierung 300 gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. In Fig. 5 weist das Rotorblatt 203 einen Blattwinkel von <90° auf und befindet sich damit nicht in Fahnenstellung. Diese entsprechenden Informationen zu den jeweiligen Rotorblättern 201-203 werden an die Steuereinheit 500 ausgegeben, welche diese Informationen zusammenfasst und über die Rotorunterverteilung 106a und den Schleifringübertrager 900 an die Gondelsteuereinheit 800 weitergibt. In diesem Fall kann die Statoreinheit 950 weder die Rotorarretierung noch die Bremse 400 freigeben, da die Rotorblätter 200 nicht den gewünschten Blattwinkel aufweisen. The mobile control unit (assembly aid) 700 is designed, particularly when the wind energy installation has been disconnected from the energy supply network, to block an unlocking of the rotor lock until the mobile control unit 700 receives corresponding blade angle information from the control unit 500. In other words, the rotor lock 300 is only unlocked or deactivated when the three rotor blades 201-203 are in a desired position, for example the flag position. Together with the rotor lock 300, the brake 400 can also be released when the control unit 500 notifies the mobile control unit 700 that the blade angles of the rotor blades 201-203 are in the desired position. While the rotor blades in FIG. 2 are in the flag position, the rotor blades according to FIG. 3 have a blade angle of <90 °. In this case, the blade angles of the three rotor blades 201-203 are not in the desired range and the control unit 500 passes this information on to the mobile control unit 700, so that the rotor lock 300 and / or the brake 400 cannot be released. 4 and 5 each show a schematic representation of the functional groups of a wind power plant according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention. While the first exemplary embodiment relates to a mobile control unit 700, the second exemplary embodiment describes how the method according to the invention is solved with the fixed and central gondola control unit 800. 4, the rotor blade 203 is shown in the 90 ° position, so that the connection box / control unit 500 can transmit a corresponding signal via a rotor subdistribution 106a, via a slip ring transmitter 90 to a nacelle control unit 800. The nacelle control unit 800 can be coupled to a stator unit 950, which in turn can be coupled to a rotor brake 400 and the rotor lock 300. The brake 400 and the rotor lock 300 correspond to the brake 400 and the rotor lock 300 according to the first exemplary embodiment. 5, the rotor blade 203 has a blade angle of <90 ° and is therefore not in the flag position. This corresponding information on the respective rotor blades 201-203 is output to the control unit 500, which summarizes this information and forwards it to the nacelle control unit 800 via the rotor sub-distribution 106a and the slip ring transmitter 900. In this case, the stator unit 950 cannot release the rotor lock or the brake 400 since the rotor blades 200 do not have the desired blade angle.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zum Steuern einer Windenergieanlage (100) bei einem Start oder einem Anfahren der Windenergieanlage (100), bevor die Windenergieanlage (100) an ein elektrisches Versorgungsnetz angeschlossen wird oder bevor die Windenergieanlage (100) wie- der an das elektrische Versorgungsnetz angeschlossen wird, 1. A method for controlling a wind energy installation (100) when the wind energy installation (100) is started or started up, before the wind energy installation (100) is connected to an electrical supply network or before the wind energy installation (100) is connected again to the electrical supply network ,
wobei die Windenergieanlage (100) einen Rotor (106) mit einer Rotorarretierung (300), mindestens ein Rotorblatt (200, 201-203) und mindestens einen Blattwinkelerfassungssensor (600) zum Erfassen des Blattwinkels des mindestens einen Rotorblattes (200, 201-203) aufweist, mit den Schritten: wherein the wind turbine (100) has a rotor (106) with a rotor lock (300), at least one rotor blade (200, 201-203) and at least one blade angle detection sensor (600) for detecting the blade angle of the at least one rotor blade (200, 201-203) with the steps:
Erfassen des Blattwinkels des mindestens einen Rotorblattes (200, 201-203) mittels des Blattwinkelerfassungssensors (600), und Detecting the blade angle of the at least one rotor blade (200, 201-203) by means of the blade angle detection sensor (600), and
Blockieren einer Entriegelung der Rotorarretierung (300), solange sich der erfasste mindestens eine Blattwinkel nicht innerhalb des vorgegebenen Blattwinkelbereichs befindet. 2. Verfahren zum Steuern einer Windenergieanlage (100) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei der vorgegebene Winkelbereich der Rotorblätter (200, 201-203) einer Fahnenstellung der Rotorblätter (200, 201-203) entspricht. Blocking an unlocking of the rotor lock (300) as long as the detected at least one blade angle is not within the predetermined blade angle range. 2. The method for controlling a wind turbine (100) according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined angular range of the rotor blades (200, 201-203) corresponds to a flag position of the rotor blades (200, 201-203).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein
das Blockieren der Entriegelung der Rotorarretierung mittels einer mobilen externen Steuereinheit (700) erfolgt. blocking the unlocking of the rotor lock by means of a mobile external control unit (700).
4. Mobile Steuereinheit (700) zum Steuern einer Windenergieanlage, welche eine zentrale Steuereinheit aufweist, mit 4. Mobile control unit (700) for controlling a wind energy installation which has a central control unit
einem ersten Eingang zum Empfangen mindestens eines Blattwinkel-Signals hinsichtlich eines Blattwinkels mindestens eines Rotorblattes, a first input for receiving at least one blade angle signal with respect to a blade angle of at least one rotor blade,
einem Ausgang zum Steuern einer Rotorarretierung (300), an output for controlling a rotor lock (300),
wobei die mobile Steuereinheit (700) dazu ausgestaltet ist, die Rotorarretierung (300) solange nicht zu deaktivieren, wie die Blattwinkel des mindestens einen Rotorblattes sich nicht innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Blattwinkelbereiches befinden. the mobile control unit (700) being designed not to deactivate the rotor lock (300) as long as the blade angles of the at least one rotor blade are not within a predetermined blade angle range.
5. Verwendung einer mobilen Steuereinheit (700) zum Steuern einer Rotorarretierung (330) einer Windenergieanlage, während die Windenergieanlage nicht am Energieversor- gungsnetz angeschlossen ist oder während einer Wartung der Windenergieanlage, während dessen die Windenergieanlage keine Energie aus dem Energieversorgungsnetz zur Steuerung der Windenergieanlage entnehmen kann, 5. Use of a mobile control unit (700) for controlling a rotor lock (330) of a wind energy installation, while the wind energy installation is not connected to the energy supply is connected to the supply network or during maintenance of the wind energy installation, during which the wind energy installation cannot draw any energy from the energy supply network for controlling the wind energy installation,
wobei die mobile Steuereinheit (700) dazu ausgestaltet ist, Blattwinkelinformationen zu den Rotorblättern (200) der Windenergieanlage (100) zu empfangen und eine Rotorarretierung (300) in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Blattwinkel zu steuern, und eine Entriegelung der Rotorarretierung solange zu verhindern, wie sich die Blattwinkel des mindestens einen Rotorblattes außerhalb eines vorgegebenen Blattwinkelbereiches befinden. wherein the mobile control unit (700) is configured to receive blade angle information on the rotor blades (200) of the wind energy installation (100) and to control a rotor lock (300) in dependence on the detected blade angles, and to prevent the rotor lock from being unlocked as long as the blade angles of the at least one rotor blade are outside a predetermined blade angle range.
6. Windenergieanlage, mit 6. Wind turbine, with
einem Rotor mit mindestens einem Rotorblatt (200) und einer Rotorarretierung (300) zum Arretieren des Rotorblattes (200), a rotor with at least one rotor blade (200) and a rotor lock (300) for locking the rotor blade (200),
mindestens einem Blattwinkelerfassungssensor (600, 610, 620) im Bereich der Rotorblattwurzel jedes Rotorblattes (200) zum Erfassen eines Blattwinkels eines Rotorblattes (200), und at least one blade angle detection sensor (600, 610, 620) in the region of the rotor blade root of each rotor blade (200) for detecting a blade angle of a rotor blade (200), and
einer Steuereinheit (800) zum Steuern der Rotorarretierung (300) in Abhängigkeit von durch die Blattwinkelerfassungssensoren (600) erfassten Blattwinkel der Rotorblätter a control unit (800) for controlling the rotor lock (300) as a function of blade angles of the rotor blades detected by the blade angle detection sensors (600)
(200), (200),
wobei die Steuereinheit (800) dazu ausgestaltet ist, eine Rotorarretierung (300) in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Blattwinkel zu steuern und eine Entriegelung der Rotorarretie- rung zu verhindern, solange sich der erfasste mindestens eine Blattwinkel nicht innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Blattwinkelbereiches befindet. the control unit (800) being designed to control a rotor lock (300) as a function of the detected blade angle and to prevent the rotor lock from being unlocked as long as the detected at least one blade angle is not within a predetermined blade angle range.
EP19809806.3A 2018-11-27 2019-11-26 Method for controlling a wind turbine Pending EP3887675A1 (en)

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DE102018129867.6A DE102018129867A1 (en) 2018-11-27 2018-11-27 Method for controlling a wind turbine
PCT/EP2019/082539 WO2020109288A1 (en) 2018-11-27 2019-11-26 Method for controlling a wind turbine

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US11891982B2 (en) 2024-02-06

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