EP3884121A1 - Core for building - Google Patents

Abstract

A core for a building is adapted for use with a centralized, modular functional performance infrastructure system affording highly efficient use of floorplan. The core includes a structural frame forming a plurality of compartments containing the functional performance infrastructure system components that may be accessed readily for servicing, maintenance, and replacement. An integrated network interconnecting the compartments affords flexibility in the functional performance infrastructure system component locations in the core, while providing common locations for interfacing the components with distribution and collection systems servicing the building.

Description

CORE FOR BUILDING

Cross-Reference to Related Application

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Number 62/770,361 filed on November 21, 2018, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.

Technical Field

[0002] In various embodiments, the present invention relates generally to advanced architectural infrastructure systems for various types of buildings, including construction dwellings and habitable structures, including those that are off-grid and those that are partially or wholly grid-connected. More specifically, various embodiments of the present invention relate to a core for centralizing the functional performance infrastructure of a building or habitable structure, for example including mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems, in a modular accessible structure for integration into a dwelling. Although the invention will be described in connection with an implementation that includes MEP systems, those skilled in the art can appreciate that the core system described herein may be used in connection with a myriad of systems, as well as the MEP system. For example, for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, building infrastructure could also include energy systems, structural systems, waste management systems, technology systems, civil building codes and regulations systems, environmental systems, recycling systems, and BMI systems. Background

[0003] Conventional architectural approaches to designing buildings (e.g., hotels, hospitals, schools, factories, habitable dwellings, and the like) entail designating certain areas of the structure for living spaces and at least one utility room or other area for locating the central working elements of the MEP systems, with collection and distribution networks extending throughout the dwelling and beyond. In many applications, especially with larger single-family homes and estates with outbuildings, multiple utility rooms are distributed throughout the various structures.

[0004] A relatively large volume of interior floorplan and areas immediately appurtenant to the dwelling must be provided to accommodate installation and access to equipment associated with mechanical systems (e.g., heating furnaces or boilers, ventilation blowers, and air conditioning compressors and evaporators), electrical systems (e.g., meter boxes, circuit breaker panels, and distribution panels), and plumbing systems (e.g., potable water supply filtration, grey water collection tanks and filtration, and black water collection tanks).

[0005] Because different trades are responsible for installing and servicing the various MEP systems, conflicts routinely arise during the planning and construction phases over layout of the systems in the utility room and routing of the interconnection to the primary and secondary collection and distribution systems servicing the building. Accordingly, a larger volume and greater floorplan are typically provided in the utility room to accommodate the MEP systems, in an attempt to avoid the inevitable conflicts. The costs associated with construction delay, negotiation, and rework to address conflicts amongst the trades can be significant and, in some instances, can result in changes to the architectural aesthetic plan to accommodate change orders required during construction to address system spatial interference. [0006] Accordingly, a need exists for an improved approach to designing and integrating working elements of functional performance infrastructure systems, including MEP systems, in buildings, including habitable and other structures.

Summary of the Invention

[0007] For the purpose of clarity, the present invention will be described in terms of habitable dwellings, such as single- and multi-family homes, condominiums, apartments, etc. Those of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that the principles and procedures described herein are equally applicable to any building type and the invention is not to be construed as being limited just to habitable dwellings. The core, as described herein, is the hub or center for the physical manifestation of various infrastructure systems. More specifically, the core is designed to allow connecting all type of tangible and intangible infrastructure network system types (pipes, conduits, broadbands, fiberoptic, air ducts, new wireless infrastructure technologies, etc.

[0008] In various embodiments, the core for a building, including a habitable structure (e.g., a dwelling), provides a predictable, customizable platform for allocating floorplan and building volume to accommodate the necessary needs of functional performance

infrastructure systems, including for the purpose of illustration, rather than limitation, MEP systems, energy systems, structural systems, waste management systems, technology systems, civil building codes and regulations systems, environmental systems, recycling systems, and BMI systems, in a centralized, space-efficient manner. As used herein, unless otherwise strictly limited by express language or context, referral to MEP systems is meant to cover not only mechanical, electrical, and/or plumbing systems, components, and the like, but also more generally functional performance infrastructure systems and their components that actively or passively provide, control, manage, or otherwise influence the environment, use, enjoyment, access, and performance of the building. By way of example only, such functional performance infrastructure systems can also include energy systems, structural systems, waste management systems, technology systems, civil building codes and regulations systems, environmental systems, recycling systems, and BMI systems, as well as system components that relate to actuation, monitoring, and/or control of perimeter security gating and camera monitoring systems, solar shade and drapery systems, safety and aesthetic lighting systems, aromatherapy systems, etc. As the needs and desires of the occupants of the building evolve or as technical offerings advance, the core provides an adaptable center for accommodating these changes. Indeed, in some embodiments, the core is the hub or center of the physical manifestation of all of the infrastructure systems. In some variations, the core may be designed to allow connecting a myriad of infrastructure network systems types (e.g., pipes, conduits, broadbands, fiber-optics, air ducts, wireless infrastructure technologies, and so forth) using flexible, state-of-the-art connection solutions and types.

[0009] The core provides a common, yet flexible, interface system for mating with collection and distribution systems servicing the building. These collection and distribution systems may include one or more of: those tangible components located within the building (e.g., wiring, ducting, piping, conduits, etc.), those components that are physically present but not in a tangible sense (e.g., broadband services, wireless services, and the like), as well as those components located outside the building (e.g., components for external systems located on the property, as well as connections to on- and off-grid services, sources, and drains). The core described herein addresses many of the above-mentioned issues that are present in existing approaches to architectural design and construction and is a substantial and material improvement over those existing approaches. Embodiments of the invention may also be usefully employed in non-conventional dwelling and building applications, such as semi permanent structures erected to accommodate temporary housing for planned and unplanned events, to accommodate emergency housing situations. Buildings may include institutional structures that include, for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, schools, hotels, government buildings, libraries, hospitals, and so forth.

[0010] In general, in one aspect, embodiments of the invention feature a core adapted for use in a building. The core includes a structural frame forming a plurality of compartments, each compartment adapted to contain at least a portion of an infrastructure network system type (e.g., an MEP system). The core optionally further includes external cladding coupled to the structural frame and adapted to enclose and provide access to the compartments. The core also includes an integrated network interconnecting the compartments and structural connectors for coupling the core to distribution and collection systems servicing the building. The structural frame is configured to support internally disposed components of any number of infrastructure network system types (e.g., MEP system components) in the various compartments. Optionally, the structural frame may be further configured to support at least a portion of the distribution and collection systems servicing the building. In some embodiments, the structural frame may be further configured to support at least a portion of the building.

[0011] The structural frame may include reinforced portions for supporting the structural connectors. While the core may be any shape, in some embodiments the structural frame may be configured to form a substantially rectilinear external shape. To provide flexibility in design and integration, the structural frame may be of modular construction and adapted to be modified to add, remove, resize, and/or reconfigure one or more compartments.

[0012] The optional external cladding may be configured as at least one removable panel that may be directly connected to the building (e.g., to allow for expansion, air ventilation, and the like). Alternatively or additionally, the optional external cladding may be configured as at least one openable panel. As an alternative to external cladding, the core may simply provide a gap or space and/or may include a flexible material. Depending on the planned integration into the building, the optional external cladding may include a finished surface suitable for exposure to an interior living space of the building and/or a weather-resistant surface suitable for exposure to ambient environment external to the building.

[0013] Components of the integrated network may include, but are not limited to, electrical power cabling, data/communications cabling, temperature and ventilation control ducting, fluid supply piping, fluid return piping, and combinations thereof.

[0014] In certain embodiments, the structural connectors are disposed at a lower portion of the core, a midspan portion of the core, and/or an upper portion of the core, but may be located at any desired elevation(s) and in any orientation or number. The structural connectors may include, but are not limited to, electrical power cabling connectors, data/communications cabling connectors, temperature and ventilation control ducting connectors, fluid supply piping connectors, and fluid return piping connectors. In some variations, flexible connection solutions that may include various connector types are included.

[0015] In certain embodiments of the core, a controller may be connected to the integrated network for monitoring a status of the core. Optionally, the controller is further adapted to monitor a status of each compartment. A user interface may provide user access to the controller.

[0016] Some embodiments may include a temperature and/or ventilation control system to control an internal temperature or ambient ventilation flow within the core and, optionally, an internal temperature or ambient ventilation flow within each compartment within the core. Optionally, a heat recovery system may be included to re-utilize waste energy from operation of the system with a goal of zero energy waste. [0017] The core can include lifting points to facilitate installation and/or removal of the core with a crane. Depending on the particular building, the core may be adapted to be installed in both a vertical orientation and a horizontal orientation. The core may also be customizable.

[0018] Various embodiments can include at least a portion of an infrastructure network system type (e.g., an MEP system, an electrical energy distribution system, an electrical energy storage system, a potable water system, a grey water system, a black water system, an HVAC system, a data/communications system, an energy system, a structural system, a waste management system, a technology system, a civil building codes and regulations system, an environmental system, a recycling system, a BMI system, and so forth disposed in at least one compartment.

[0019] In general, in another aspect, embodiments of the invention feature a method of manufacturing a core adapted for use in a building. One method includes manufacturing a structural frame forming a plurality of compartments, each compartment adapted to contain at least a portion of an infrastructure network system type (e.g., an MEP system, energy system, structural system, waste management system, technology system, civil building codes and regulations system, environmental system, recycling system, BMI system, and so forth); interconnecting the compartments with an integrated network; and providing structural connectors for coupling the core to distribution and collection systems servicing the building.

[0020] In various embodiments, the method may further include configuring the structural frame to support internally-disposed components for energy systems, structural systems, waste management systems, technology systems, civil building codes and regulations systems, environmental systems, recycling systems, and BMI systems, as well as for MEP system components, and, optionally, configuring the structural frame to support at least a portion of the distribution and collection systems servicing the building. The method can also include configuring the structural frame to support at least a portion of the building and, optionally, reinforcing portions of the structural frame to support the structural connectors. The structural frame may have a substantially rectilinear external shape and be of modular construction, such that the method can further include modifying the structural frame to add, remove, resize, and/or reconfigure one or more compartments.

[0021] In various embodiments of the method, components of the integrated network may include, but are not limited to, electrical power cabling, data/communications cabling, temperature and ventilation control ducting, fluid supply piping, fluid return piping, and combinations thereof. In some variations, flexible connection solutions that may include various connector types are included.

[0022] The method may include disposing structural connectors at a lower portion of the core, a midspan portion of the core, and/or an upper portion of the core. The structural connectors may be electrical power cabling connectors, data/communications cabling connectors, temperature and ventilation control ducting connectors, fluid supply piping connectors, and/or fluid return piping connectors. In some variations, flexible connection solutions that may include various connector types are included.

[0023] In yet another aspect, embodiments of the invention feature a method of using a core in a building, the core including a structural frame forming several compartments with each compartment adapted to contain at least a portion of a functional performance infrastructure system, such as: an MEP system, an energy system, a structural system, a waste management system, a technology system, a civil building codes and regulations system, an environmental system, a recycling system, a BMI system, and so forth, . In certain embodiments, the method includes installing the core on a support of the building, coupling the core to distribution and collection systems servicing the building using the structural connectors, and operating the core to service the building. [0024] The installation step can include placing the core on the support with a crane. Optionally, the method can include supporting at least a portion of the distribution and collection systems servicing the building with the core and/or supporting at least a portion of the building with the core.

[0025] In various embodiments, the core may have a substantially rectilinear external shape. In some applications, external cladding may be coupled to the structural frame adapted to enclose and provide access to the compartments, an integrated network interconnecting the compartments, and structural connectors for coupling the core to distribution and collection systems servicing the building. In some variations, the external cladding may form at least one removable panel, such that the method further includes removing and/or replacing the panel. Alternatively or additionally, the external cladding may form at least one openable panel, such that the method further includes the step of opening and/or closing the panel by a myriad of methods to access and close the panels.

[0026] In certain embodiments of the method, the method may further include coupling external cladding to the structural frame to enclose and provide access to the compartments and, furthermore, exposing at least a portion of a finished surface of the external cladding to an interior living space of the building and/or exposing at least a portion of a weather- resistant surface of the external cladding to ambient environment external to the building. In some implementations, such a coupling of the core with a building is achievable without a physical connection. In some embodiments, the portion of the finished surface forms at least a portion of a wall, a ceiling, and/or a floor of the building and the portion of the weather- resistant surface forms at least a portion of an exterior wall and/or a roof of the building.

[0027] Components of the integrated network may include, but are not limited to, electrical power cabling, data / communications cabling, temperature and ventilation control ducting, fluid supply piping, fluid return piping, and combinations thereof. In some variations, a myriad of infrastructure network systems types (e.g., pipes, conduits, broadbands, fiber-optics, air ducts, wireless infrastructure technologies, and so forth) may be connected to the core, for example, using flexible, state-of-the-art connection solutions and types.

[0028] The coupling step of some methods may include coupling structural connectors disposed at a lower portion of the core, a midspan portion of the core, and/or an upper portion of the core. The structural connectors may be electrical power cabling connectors, data / communications cabling connectors, temperature and ventilation control ducting connectors, fluid supply piping connectors, and/or fluid return piping connectors. In some variations, flexible connection solutions that may include various connector types are included.

[0029] The method of operating the core may further include monitoring a status of the core with a controller connected to the integrated network and, optionally, monitoring a status of each compartment with the controller. In various embodiments, the method can include providing user access to the controller with a user interface.

[0030] The method can also include controlling an internal temperature and ventilation within the core with a temperature and ventilation control system; re-utilizing waste energy from operation of the various components within the core as part of a heat recovery system; and, optionally, controlling an internal temperature and ventilation within each compartment within the core with the temperature and ventilation control system.

[0031] In various embodiments, installation can include installing the core in either a vertical orientation or a horizontal orientation and, optionally, installing at least a portion of one or more functional performance infrastructure systems, such as an MEP system (e.g., an electrical energy distribution system, an electrical energy storage system, a potable water system, a grey water system, a black water system, an HVAC system, and a

data/communications system), an energy system, a structural system, a waste management system, a technology system, a civil building codes and regulations system, an environmental system, a recycling system, and a BMI system in at least one compartment.

[0032] The method can also include the step of removing the core from the support of the building to refurbish and/or replace the core. Such refurbishment or replacement may be required every five to ten (or more) years.

[0033] These and other features, along with advantages of the embodiments of the present invention herein disclosed, will become more apparent through reference to the following description, the accompanying drawings, and the claims. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the features of the various embodiments described herein are not mutually exclusive and can exist in various combinations and permutations.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0034] In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views. But, for the purpose of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Also, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating certain principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0035] FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view of a building core connected to and integrated into a two-story dwelling according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0036] FIG. IB is a perspective view of a core in isolation in a vertical orientation according to one embodiment;

[0037] FIG. 1C is a perspective view of a core in isolation in a horizontal orientation according to one embodiment; [0038] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a core in isolation in a vertical orientation depicting integrated, exterior exposed roof solar panels according to one embodiment;

[0039] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a structural frame of a core mounted to a foundation structure, according to one embodiment;

[0040] FIGS. 4A-4B are, respectively, schematic side and front views of a core with external cladding including openable doors and/or panels according to one embodiment;

[0041] FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a core with the cladding partially removed depicting two columns of compartments and a central access shaft according to one embodiment;

[0042] FIGS. 6A-6B are schematic perspective exploded views of a single compartment and a split compartment, respectively, each with associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components according to one embodiment;

[0043] FIGS. 7A-7B are, respectively, schematic front and cross-sectional side views of a core integrated into a two-story dwelling depicting the integrated network and alignment of associated structural connectors at elevations to connect with distribution and collection networks of the dwelling according to one embodiment;

[0044] FIG. 8A is a schematic rear view of a core depicting structural connectors disposed at lower, midspan, and upper portion elevations of the core according to one embodiment;

[0045] FIG. 8B is a partially-exploded upper perspective view depicting alignment of upper structural connectors of a core with corresponding structural connectors of a dwelling according to one embodiment;

[0046] FIG. 8C is an enlarged schematic front view of an array of structural connectors depicting various connector types according to one embodiment; [0047] FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of HVAC system components and associated integrated network components in a core according to one embodiment;

[0048] FIGS. 10-11 are schematic plan views of first and second levels, respectively, of a two-story dwelling integrating a building core according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0049] FIG. 12 is a dimensioned roof plan view of a core according to one embodiment;

[0050] FIG. 13 depicts, respectively, schematic front and side elevation views of a core with external cladding including openable panels according to one embodiment;

[0051] FIG. 14 is a schematic front perspective view of a core with several compartment doors open, according to one embodiment;

[0052] FIG. 15A includes a schematic perspective cross-section view of a compartment and tray according to one embodiment;

[0053] FIG. 15B includes an enlarged detail section of the compartment and tray of FIG. 15A according to one embodiment;

[0054] FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of a section of a core with double- and single compartment trays, according to one embodiment;

[0055] FIG. 17 depicts, respectively, schematic side and front elevation views of a core with external cladding removed according to one embodiment;

[0056] FIGS. 18-19 are, respectively, schematic front and rear perspective views of a core with external cladding removed according to one embodiment;

[0057] FIG. 20 is a schematic perspective view of a three-tier ring horizontal connector structure on a core according to one embodiment;

[0058] FIG. 21 is a schematic perspective view of external vertical ring structures interconnecting the horizontal ring tiers on the core of FIG. 20;

[0059] FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view of internal vertical ring structures proximate the access shaft interconnecting the compartment trays on the core of FIG. 20; [0060] FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view of all of the ring structures of the core of FIGS. 20-22;

[0061] FIG. 24 is a schematic plan view of a section of a core with section lines for the side vertical section view through s double-compartment tray (FIG. 25 Section A), for the rear vertical section view through the core (FIG. 25 Section B), for the side vertical section view through the access shaft (FIG. 26 Section C), and for the side vertical section view through a single-compartment tray (FIG. 26 Section D), according to one embodiment;

[0062] FIG. 27 is a schematic perspective vertical section view of the core of FIG. 24.

[0063] FIG. 28 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of a structural frame of a core including enlarged depictions of certain reinforcement details according to one embodiment;

[0064] FIGS. 29-30 are, respectively, an exploded partial perspective view of a core with a mounting system and an enlarged detail of one such corner mounting detail, according to one embodiment;

[0065] FIG. 31 is a schematic plan dimensioned view of a section of a frame of a core according to one embodiment;

[0066] FIG. 32 is a schematic front perspective view of a frame of a core mounted to a foundation according to one embodiment;

[0067] FIG. 33 is a front view of the frame of FIG. 32 according to one embodiment;

[0068] FIG. 34A includes an enlarged detail of the foundation mount of detail 4-A107 of

FIG. 33

[0069] FIG. 34B includes an enlarged detail of a corner structural beam support according to one embodiment;

[0070] FIG. 35 is a schematic side view of a core structurally integrated into a building;

[0071] FIG. 36 is an enlarged detail of the structural integration detail 2-A108 of FIG. 35 according to one embodiment; [0072] FIGS. 37-38 are schematic perspective views, respectively, of a frame of a core and a fully clad core structurally-integrated at midspan and roof levels to a building according to one embodiment;

[0073] FIGS. 39-40 are, respectively, a schematic perspective view and a schematic rear view of a core depicting structural connector rings disposed at lower, midspan, and upper portion elevations of a core according to one embodiment;

[0074] FIG. 41 is an enlarged schematic front view of an array of structural connectors depicting various connector types from detail 3-A109 of FIG. 40, according to one embodiment;

[0075] FIG. 42 is a partial exploded upper perspective view depicting alignment of upper structural connectors of a core with corresponding structural connectors of a dwelling according to one embodiment;

[0076] FIG. 43 includes a schematic perspective view of a core identifying the location of an exemplary single compartment tray and a plan view of such a tray and associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components, according to one embodiment;

[0077] FIGS. 44-45 are, respectively, side section and end section views of an interior of the tray of FIG. 43 with associated core support structure, according to one embodiment;

[0078] FIG. 46 is an enlarged schematic view of the connector array of detail 4-A110 of FIG. 44;

[0079] FIG. 47 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a single-compartment tray with associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components according to one embodiment;

[0080] FIG. 48 is a schematic perspective exploded cutaway view of the single compartment tray and associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components of FIG. 47; [0081] FIG. 49 is an enlarged schematic perspective exploded view of a detail of the mating tray and substructure connector arrays of the single-compartment tray and associated support structure of FIG. 47;

[0082] FIG. 50 is a schematic plan view of a split compartment tray and associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components, according to one

embodiment;

[0083] FIGS. 51-52 are, respectively, side section and end section views of an interior of the tray of FIG. 50 with associated core support structure, according to one embodiment;

[0084] FIG. 53 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a split compartment tray and associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components according to one embodiment;

[0085] FIG. 54 is an enlarged schematic perspective section view of mating plumbing connector arrays of a tray and dedicated integrated network according to one embodiment;

[0086] FIGS. 55A and 55B depict side sectional views of a tray plumbing connector locking sequence with corresponding plumbing connectors of the dedicated integrated network according to one embodiment;

[0087] FIGS. 56A and 56B are enlarged perspective views of the plumbing connector locking sequence of FIGS. 55A and 55B, respectively;

[0088] FIG. 57 is a schematic perspective exploded view of mating electrical connectors of a compartment tray with associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components according to one embodiment;

[0089] FIGS. 58 A and 58B depict enlarged perspective sectional views of a tray electrical connector locking sequence with corresponding electrical connectors of the dedicated integrated network according to one embodiment; [0090] FIGS. 59A and 59B depict enlarged sectional side views of a core ring electrical connector locking sequence with corresponding electrical connectors of the building, according to one embodiment;

[0091] FIG. 60 is a schematic perspective view of an HVAC network in a core according to one embodiment;

[0092] FIG. 61 is a schematic perspective view of a plumbing network in the core of FIG. 60;

[0093] FIG. 62 is a schematic perspective view of an electrical network in the core of FIG. 60;

[0094] FIG. 63 is a schematic perspective view of all of the HVAC, plumbing and electrical networks in the core of FIGS. 60-62;

[0095] FIG. 64 is a schematic plan view of a core integrated in a dwelling depicting access to the core from inside and outside the dwelling according to one embodiment;

[0096] FIGS. 65-66 are, respectively, interior elevation and perspective views of the interior cladding of the front of a core integrated in a dwelling according to one embodiment;

[0097] FIGS. 67 is an interior perspective view of access to compartments and an interior access shaft of the core of FIG. 66;

[0098] FIGS. 68-73 depict a sequence of six steps for connecting an external water supply to a core and the dwelling according to one embodiment;

[0099] FIGS. 74-79 depict a sequence of six steps for connecting an HVAC system to a core and the dwelling according to one embodiment;

[00100] FIGS. 80-81 depict plan and perspective views of routing of grid electrical power to a core according to one embodiment;

[00101] FIGS. 82-84 depict a plan view and two perspective views of a two-step sequence of routing an external water supply to a core according to one embodiment; [00102] FIGS. 85-87 depict a plan view and two perspective views of a two-step sequence of connecting a core and associated dwelling plumbing fixtures to a municipal sewerage line, according to one embodiment;

[00103] FIGS. 88-91 depict four perspective views of a four step sequence of routing excess heat from a core to ambient according to one embodiment; and

[00104] FIGS. 92-95 depict four perspective views of a four step sequence of rainwater collection and storage for use in a grey water system to service the dwelling.

Detailed Description

[00105] In broad overview, embodiments of the present invention feature a new approach to aesthetic and functional architectural design of infrastructure systems for buildings, including habitable structures and dwellings, by incorporation of a core functional performance infrastructure. For the purpose of clarity, the present invention will be described in terms of habitable dwellings, such as single-and multi-family homes, condominiums, apartments, etc. Those of ordinary skill in the art, however, can appreciate that the principles and procedures described herein are equally applicable to any building type and the invention is not to be construed as being limited just to habitable dwellings. For the purpose of illustration, rather than limitation, the core functional performance infrastructure may include portions of one or more of: MEP systems, energy systems, structural systems, waste management systems, technology systems, civil building codes and regulations systems, environmental systems, recycling systems, and BMI systems.

[00106] According to one embodiment, a core is adapted for use in the building to facilitate design, construction, maintenance, and functional living in the structure. The core is the hub or center for the physical manifestation of all infrastructure systems. Moreover, the core is designed to allow connecting all type of tangible and intangible infrastructure network system types (pipes, conduits, broadbands, fiberoptic, air ducts, new wireless infrastructure technologies, etc. Modularity and flexibility of the configuration of the core makes the core especially well adapted to accommodate buildings of various sizes and functional performance infrastructure requirements. This approach also permits the core to change over time, as necessary or desirable, to accommodate the changing needs of the building and its inhabitants.

[00107] Embodiments of the core may be advantageously used in all manner of buildings including habitable structures and dwellings, including (for the purpose of illustration, rather than limitation) single- and multi-family homes, cabins, vacation dwellings, condominiums, apartments, etc., including those that are off-grid and those that are partially or wholly grid- connected. In addition to applications in permanent housing structures, various embodiments of the core can be used in flexible-use structures and those located at commercial sites, industrial sites, municipal sites, and various other locations that benefit from the advantages the cores afford in design, construction, and use.

[00108] FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view of a building core 10 integrated into a two-story building, here depicted as a dwelling 12 according to one embodiment of the invention. While the dwelling 12 is depicted as being of modern design, as may be readily appreciated, the core 10 can be integrated into or connected to structures of various aesthetic design, floorplan, layout, and size and that may be used as habitable dwellings, as places of business, and the like. Also, as depicted in FIG. 1A, the core 10 has a vertical elevation matching that of the dwelling 12, extending vertically from an at grade slab to a flat roof. In various applications, however, the core 10 can be elevated above grade or placed at least partially below grade (e.g., with basement access to at least a portion thereof) and need not extend fully to the roof line. While location along an outer portion of the dwelling 12 may be advantageous for external access by the trades for periodic maintenance, the core 10 could be more or less enclosed within the dwelling 12. FIG. 1A depicts two exposed vertical faces and an exposed horizontal roof face of the core 10; whereas, various applications can expose fewer or more faces to the environment. In some applications, none of the faces may be exposed.

[00109] Moreover, the orientation of the core 10 need not be vertical. Having a generally rectilinear external shape, the core 10 can be any size or orientation suitable to the building or dwelling application. For example, FIG. IB is a perspective view of a core 10 in isolation in a vertical orientation according to one embodiment and FIG. 1C is a perspective view of a core 10 in isolation in a horizontal orientation according to another embodiment. The core 10 need not have rectilinear edges and flat exterior surfaces forming a box-shaped or prismatic structure, but rather could alternatively or additionally include contoured exterior (e.g., organic or non-organic) cladding or portions thereof (e.g., contours that are convex, concave, undulating, etc.) to achieve a desired aesthetic appearance for the portion of the core exposed along an exterior or interior of the dwelling 12.

[00110] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a generally rectilinear or box-shaped core 10 in isolation in a vertical orientation depicting integrated roof solar panels 14 that can provide supplemental electrical power to the core 10 or to the dwelling 12, according to one embodiment. The solar panels 14 may advantageously be contiguous with and form a portion of the exterior exposed roof structure of the dwelling 12 or may be raised above the roof structure, as desired or warranted. Alternatively, any exposed upper portion of the core 10 may be covered or enclosed with any suitable weather-resistant roofing or other material. Similarly, the exposed vertical faces of the front, rear, and sides of the core 10 may, optionally, include external cladding 16 of any suitable organic or non-organic material (e.g., wood, metal, ceramic, polymer, composite, etc.), both for environmental protection and the desired aesthetic appearance.

[00111] As depicted in FIG. 3, the core 10 includes a structural frame 18 for supporting portions of the functional performance infrastructure systems (e.g., the MEP systems, energy systems, structural systems, waste management systems, technology systems, civil building codes and regulations systems, environmental systems, recycling systems, BMI systems, and combinations thereof). For clarity and convenience, henceforth, all such functional performance infrastructure systems will be referred to collectively as MEP systems. Such MEP systems may be disposed in a plurality of internal compartments 24 formed by the frame 18. The core 10 can include lifting points structurally integral with or connected to the frame 18 to facilitate installation and/or removal of the core 10 with a crane. Although lifting the core 10 using a crane is described herein, the invention is not to be construed as being limited thereto. Indeed, the core 10 may be raised and moved horizontally and vertically using a myriad of devices that are well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art. For an at grade slab installation, the frame 18 may be anchored directly to a concrete slab 20 or other foundation of suitable construction, once positioned. The frame 18 may be of any suitable construction, such as structural steel or aluminum members, fiberglass reinforced polymers, a structural material composite, etc. Depending on the construction technique, the core 10 may utilize modular construction components, facilitating changes or modifications to the core 10. For example, the core 10 can be enlarged or modified, in situ. Alternatively or additionally, the internal layout of the core 10 can be modified in situ to add, remove, resize, and/or reconfigure one or more compartments 24 to accommodate changes in the MEP systems required for the dwelling 12. These changes could be the result of additions or modifications to the dwelling 12 or to the MEP systems servicing the dwelling 12, either due to changes in the requirements of the dwelling 12 or to advances in MEP system technology. Accordingly, the core 10 can grow and evolve as the needs of the dwelling 12 and its inhabitants grow and evolve.

[00112] In one embodiment, the core 10 is a free-standing, structurally independent edifice, mated to the dwelling 12 in a weather-tight manner. Optionally, the frame 18 can be sized and configured, so that the core 10 is an integral structural component of the dwelling 12, adapted to support static and dynamic loads of the dwelling 12. Proximately located floor and ceiling joists, roof rafters or trusses, and/or vertical wall framing can be tied into the core 10 to provide minimal or greater support to the structure of the dwelling 12. Doing so, however, may complicate removal of the entire core 10 from the dwelling 12, if the need arose at some point in the future to remove the core 10 for refurbishment or replacement. In such instances, involving removal of the core 10 from the dwelling 12, a structural connection may be used so that removal is made less complicated.

[00113] Connections between distribution and collections systems located in the dwelling 12 to the core 10 are disposed along a series of structural connectors, mating portions of which are located at aligned locations on the core 10 and the dwelling 12, as discussed in further detail below. These areas of the frame 18 can be sized and configured to support local static (i.e., dead), as well as dynamic (i.e., live), loads associated with the systems and connectors, for example with reinforced portions, as desired. Optionally, the frame 18 may be configured and strengthened further, to support at least a portion of the local loads attributable to the distribution and collection systems servicing the dwelling 12. For example, collection and distribution piping and ducting can be structurally supported by the core 10, as desired, to provide greater flexibility in design of the interior living space of the dwelling 12.

[00114] Turning now to FIGS. 4A-4B, the core 10 is, respectively, depicted from side and front views with portions of the external cladding 16 configured as openable panels, in this embodiment hinged panels or bi-foldable doors 22. The myriad of methods of opening and closing panels may include: any hinged, pivoting, swinging, sliding, retractable, extendable, or collapsible device or other mechanism may be incorporated, as desired or warranted, to achieve the desired aesthetic and/or provide quick and secure access to the compartments 24 of the core 10. This core 10 is configured with two stacks or columns of six compartments 24 each, along the right and left sides of the core 10. Compartments 24 may be structured and arranged as single-compartments 24a or double compartments 24b (as described hereinbelow).

[00115] Each compartment 24 is accessed by opening a corresponding door 22. In other embodiments, portions of the cladding 16 can be removable. For example, cladding 16 may be attached with machine screws, clips, etc., and/or portions may be permanently attached with rivets, adhesives, etc. to those areas not requiring routine access. In some

implementations, cladding 16 may be omitted partially or entirely. In general, access is provided for installation, maintenance, and replacement of MEP system components located in the compartments 24, as well as general servicing of the core 10. Access to the interior of the core 10, such as to a central access shaft 26, may be provided by a removable access panel or swing door 28. Depending on the exposure of the external cladding 16 on the core 10 after installation in the dwelling 12, the cladding 16 can be made of a material and have a finished surface suitable for exposure to an interior living space of the dwelling 12 or a weather-resistant surface suitable for exposure to ambient environment external to the dwelling 12. Alternatively, for interior core 10 surfaces that may be exposed within the dwelling 12, the interior cladding may be a standalone core having channel-type network connectors.

[00116] FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the core 10 with the cladding 16 and an access door 28 removed, depicting the two columns of compartments 24 and the central access shaft 26, according to one embodiment of the core 10. Access to the central access shaft 26 of the core 10 from inside the dwelling 12 may be afforded by the access door 28, a hatch, or other suitable method. Alternatively or additionally, access to the central access shaft 26 of the core 10 from outside the dwelling 12 may be afforded by an external removable access panel, a roof hatch, a basement hatch, or a door.

[00117] The core 10 may also, advantageously, be provided with a controller or control panel having a user interface, such as a touch screen display. The user interface may provide status information on the core 10, as well as status information on the MEP system components housed therein. Moreover, an application, software, algorithm or the like running on the controller may provide a comprehensive evaluation of the operation and integration of the core 10, as well as the function and interplay among the various functional performance infrastructure systems. Physical access to the shaft 26 of the core can, optionally, be controlled via the user interface, for example by requiring entry of a code or biometric verification information to automatically unlock one or both of the internal and external access doors 28 or points to provide security and prevent unauthorized entry.

Alternatively or additionally, an application (“app”) for a smart device (e.g., a smartphone) and/or remote network-based access and monitoring may be readily provided.

[00118] FIGS. 6A-6B are schematic perspective exploded views of two forms of compartments 24, specifically a large single-compartment 24a and a double- or split compartment 24b, each with associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components 44 according to one embodiment of the invention. More specifically each type of compartment 24a, 24b includes a drawer (or tray) 36a, 36b received in a corresponding housing or compartment carcass 38a, 38b fixedly mounted to the structural frame 18 of the core 10. In the depicted embodiment, tubular square stock vertical members of the frame 18 pass through and retain corresponding tubular square stock forming the corners of the carcasses 38a, 38b. The drawers 36a, 36b are received within and supported by the carcasses 38a, 38b in a manner so as to permit relative (e.g., sliding) movement (e.g., using ball bearing-mounted slides, rails, etc.), to permit ease of access to interior portions of the drawers 36a, 36b for placement and maintenance of MEP components. As can be observed in the split compartment drawer 36b, the interior portion of the drawer 36b is subdivided into two substantially equal volumes by a vertical divider 40. As can readily be appreciated, other configurations may be implemented, based on the requirements of the MEP system components to be installed in the drawers 36. In general, access to the drawers 36 is afforded from the exterior of the dwelling 12 (i.e., from the front of the core 10 that is exposed to the weather and ambient environment) and optionally from the interior of the dwelling 12.Each carcass 38a, 38b includes a service port 42a, 42b to support components of the integrated network 44 including, for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, electrical power cabling, data/communications cabling, temperature and ventilation control ducting, fluid supply piping, fluid return piping, etc. servicing each carcass 38a, 38b.

[00119] The integrated network components 44 locally terminate at the service port 42a, 42b and include fittings 46 aligned and adapted to automatically mate with corresponding fittings 48a, 48b located at service ports 50a, 50b of the drawers 36a, 36b, when the drawers 36 are in a closed position. The MEP system components semi-permanently connect to the drawer fittings 48a, 48b on the inside of the drawer 36a, 36b. Thus, when a drawer 36 is opened, the associated MEP system components are automatically disconnected from the core 10, permitting full access for maintenance, repair, or replacement of the MEP system components.

[00120] The fittings 46, 48 may be of a self-sealing type, to further facilitate servicing of the core 10. In this manner, the core 10 provides a compact, readily accessible, integrated MEP stack, housing all working MEP components in a centralized location. The carcass service ports 42, integrated network components 44, associated network fittings 46, drawer fittings 48, and drawer service ports 50 can advantageously be centrally located along the central access shaft 26 of the core 10. This location of all of these features of the core 10 facilitates inspection and maintenance, should the need arise. The access shaft 26 also permits access to the MEP system components in the drawers 36 from the inside of the core 10, when the drawers 36 are closed, to facilitate servicing, troubleshooting, and maintenance activities that require the MEP components to be connected and operating.

[00121] FIGS. 7A-7B are, respectively, schematic front and cross-sectional side views of the core 10 integrated into a two-story dwelling 12 depicting the integrated network components 44 and alignment of associated structural connectors 52 at elevations to connect with distribution and collection networks 54 of the dwelling 12 according to one embodiment of the invention. As mentioned above, components of the integrated network 44 can include, but are not limited to, electrical power cabling, data/communications cabling, temperature and ventilation control ducting, fluid supply piping, fluid return piping, etc. that interconnect with and service each of the drawers 36. The integrated network components 44 terminate at the structural connectors 52 disposed at particular locations on the exterior of the core 10.

For example, the structural connectors 52 may be located at horizontal elevations along a rear face or wall 56 of the core 10 at a lower portion 56a (i.e., at or near the slab 20), at a midspan portion 56b (i.e., aligned with the first floor ceiling/floor joists), and at an upper portion 56c (i.e., aligned with the second floor ceiling/roof joists). Piping, ducting, cabling, etc. disposed in the dwelling joist bays and associated with the distribution and collection network 54 servicing the dwelling 12 may be readily connected to the core 10.

[00122] FIG. 8A is a schematic rear view of the core 10 depicting structural connectors arranged in linear bands or rings 58a, 58b, 58c disposed at the lower, midspan, and upper portion elevations, respectively, of the rear face 56 of the core 10 according to one embodiment. As best seen in FIG. 8B, this partial exploded upper perspective view of the rear face 56 of the core 10 depicts alignment of structural connectors of the upper ring 58c of the core 10 with corresponding structural connectors 52 of the dwelling 12, according to one embodiment. A padded wall 60 is interdisposed between the rear wall 56 of the core 10 and the outer wall of the dwelling 12 to provide sound and thermal insulation, among other benefits. The mating groups of connectors in corresponding house and core connector rings 58 are defined to accommodate the specific MEP functions supported by the integrated network components 44 in the core 10 and the corresponding distribution and collection networks 54 in the dwelling 12. [00123] FIG. 8C is an enlarged schematic front view of an array of structural connectors 52 from one ring 58, depicting various connector types according to one embodiment. From left to right, the depicted connectors 52 are grouped into a first subset of plumbing and sanitary connectors 52a, a second subset of electrical and data connectors 52b, and a third subset of HVAC connectors 52c. Within the first subset 52a are: a grey water drain connector 52al, a black water drain connector 52a2, a grey water supply connector 52a3, and a potable water supply connector 52a4. Within the second subset 52b are: a fiber optic connector 52bl, a pair of extra connectors 52b2, 52b3, and a main electrical connector 52b4. Within the third subset 52c are four conditioned air supply and return connectors 52c 1, 52c2, 52c3, 52c4. Naturally, other configurations, orientations, quantities, and arrangements may be utilized for a particular application. As depicted, each connector ring 58 includes three connector arrays; however, more or fewer arrays may be included in each ring 58. Spare locations may be advantageously provided, both for redundancy and to facilitate expansion and/or reconfiguration of the core 10 in situ.

[00124] To facilitate understanding the integration of an exemplary MEP system into the core 10, FIG. 9 presents a schematic perspective view of certain components of an HVAC system network 62 with associated integrated network components 44 in a core 10 and certain components of the associated distribution and collection network 54, according to one embodiment of the invention. The structure of the core 10 has been removed, to facilitate viewing of the exemplary MEP system. The primary working components of the HVAC system network 62, namely a pair of integrated compressors/evaporators 64, are disposed in a compartment 24 that, in some implementations may be located relatively low in the core 10, due to the weight of the compressors/evaporators 64. In other instances, the

compressors/evaporators 64 may, however, located at a higher level (e.g., to balance the distribution of the core 10 weight). In this application, the integrated network components 44 include a main trunk line 66 receiving conditioned air output from the evaporator portion 64. The main trunk line 66 extends vertically in the central access shaft 26 to an upper portion of the core 10, where it feeds a distribution box 68a that, in turn, mates with HVAC connectors 52c in the upper portion connector ring 58c that mate with associated distribution ducting 54a of the associated distribution and collection network 54 at that level in the dwelling 12. The main trunk line 66 similarly feeds a midspan distribution box 68b (see FIG. 7B) that, in turn, mates with HVAC connectors 52b in the midspan portion connector ring 58b that mate with the associated distribution ducting 54b of the associated distribution and collection network 54 at that level in the dwelling 12. Additional utilities, including electrical power lines, return airflow lines, condensate drain lines, thermostat control lines, etc. are similarly routed via the integrated network components 44 and the associated distribution and collection network 54 in the dwelling 12 completing the HVAC system network 62.

[00125] Thermal management in the core 10 is an important consideration. For example, the compressor portion 64 of the HVAC system network 62 discharges significant amounts of thermal energy. Appropriate ducting to the exterior of the core 10 outside the dwelling 12 may be provided as part of the integrated network components 44. The core controller includes sensors and actuators to monitor temperature, humidity, and other important ambient environmental conditions in the core 10 and, in certain embodiments, within each

compartment 24. Controller-actuated dampers, blowers, dehumidifiers, etc. are used to direct heated or cooled conditioned airflows, as necessary, within the core 10 to maintain acceptable operating temperatures, humidity, etc. for the MEP components. In this manner, the various MEP system components located in the compartments 24 in the core 10, such as electrical energy distribution system components, electrical energy storage system components, potable water system components, grey water system components, black water system components, HVAC system components, data/communications system components, etc., operate at ambient conditions within acceptable operating ranges.

[00126] FIGS. 10-11 are schematic plan views of first 12a and second levels 12b, respectively, of a two-story dwelling 12 integrating a habitable structure core 10 according to another embodiment of the invention. Similar in certain respects to the dwelling of FIG. 1 A, the first level 12a includes a living area, dining area, and kitchen, along with a separate structure incorporating the garage and storage area. The second level 12b bridges both structures and accommodates a master bedroom with ensuite dressing area and master bath, two additional bedrooms, and a second bath.

[00127] FIG. 12 is a plan view of a dimensioned roof 70 with solar panels 14 and FIG. 13 depicts schematic front and side elevation views of a core 10 with external cladding 16 including openable panels 22 according to one embodiment. This core 10 has an overall width of 4m, depth of 2m and height of 6m. The core 10 is symmetrically arranged with two, six-compartment stacks on either side of a centrally located lm x 2m x 6m access shaft 26. Each compartment 24 may be readily accessed with a bifold door 22 and the central shaft 26 with a conventional swing door 28 (FIG. 2). Other configurations are contemplated, including tambour style doors that do not require swing volume. FIG. 14 is a schematic front perspective view of this core 10 with several of the bifold compartment doors 22 open. As best seen in the schematic perspective cross-section of FIG. 15A and enlarged detail view of a compartment 24 and tray 36 detail of FIG. 15B , the bifold door 22 folds down and is disposed below the tray 36 when extended from the compartment 24, providing full, unrestricted access to the MEP components in the tray 36.

[00128] FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of a section of a core 10 with double- 36b and single-compartment trays 36a and FIG. 17 depicts, respectively, schematic side and front elevation views of this core 10 with external cladding 16 removed. The left stack includes split- or double-compartment trays 36b; whereas, the right stack includes single-compartment trays 36a. Any arrangement can be accommodated, depending on the needs of the particular dwelling 12 in which the core 10 is to be installed and connected. The core structural frame 18 can be seen, as well as the integral ladder 76 in the access shaft 26 to accommodate maintenance of the upper internals of the core 10. As mentioned above, ring structures 58 for the connections to the dwelling distribution and collection MEP systems are provided at floor, midspan, and upper levels.

[00129] Substructure is provided within each compartment 24 location to support each compartment tray 36, as shown in FIG. 18. FIG. 19 further depicts an illustrative rear perspective view of a core 10 with external cladding 16 removed. Moreover, the back of the core 10 (i.e., the side abutting the living space of the dwelling 12) can optionally include structural supports at the midspan 76a, upper 76b, and other locations as warranted or desired, to tie into the structure of the dwelling 12. The back and any side portion of the core 10 abutting the living space may advantageously be afforded with thermal insulation and sound deadening padding 72, to isolate the core 10 from the living space. This particular core 10 embodiment also affords access to lower compartment trays 36, as well as the central shaft 26 from the interior of the house 12.

[00130] FIGS. 20-22 are, respectively, separate schematic perspective views of a three-tier ring horizontal connector structure 80 with horizontal ring tiers 82, external vertical ring structures 84 interconnecting the horizontal ring tiers 82, and internal vertical ring structures 86 proximate the access shaft 26 interconnecting the compartment trays 36. FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view of all of the ring structures 82, 84, 86, of the core 10 of FIGS. 20-22 in a single view. As best seen in FIG. 22, the internal vertical ring structures 86 proximate the access shaft 26 interconnecting the compartment trays 36 may be grouped in four sections, each section servicing three compartment trays 36 and, for each tray 36, providing the capability of servicing two separate MEP systems (e.g., when the compartment tray 36 is subdivided into a split tray). This arrangement affords tremendous flexibility in locating MEP system components in any location in any compartment 24 and any tray 36 in the core 10.

[00131] FIG. 24 is a schematic plan view of a section of a core 10 with section lines for the side vertical section view through the double- or split compartment trays 36b (FIG. 25 Section A), for the rear vertical section view through the core 10 (FIG. 25 Section B), for the side vertical section view through the access shaft 26 (FIG. 26 Section C), and for the side vertical section view through the single-compartment trays 36a (FIG. 26 Section D), according to one embodiment. As mentioned above, both the trays 36a and 36b and corresponding substructure provide corresponding arrays of connectors. One overall arrangement is depicted in the various section views of FIGS. 25-27, for both the single- 24a and split-tray compartments 24b. Various connector arrangements and locking sequences are discussed in greater detail below.

[00132] Turning now to FIGS. 28-34 are various structure aspects and details of the frame 90 of a core 10 , according to one embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 28 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of a structural frame 90 of a core 10 including enlarged depictions of certain reinforcement details. The frame 90 is reinforced in the areas bounding the central access shaft 26, to provide the desired structural integrity and rigidity of the overall core 10. Further, cuts in the square tubular steel frame components to facilitate passage of the MEP ring components (e.g., piping, cabling, etc.) are also reinforced.

[00133] FIGS. 29-30 are, respectively, an exploded partial perspective view of a core 10 with a mounting system 92 and an enlarged detail of one such corner mounting detail 94, according to one embodiment. For use with a placed concrete pad or foundation 96, anchor bolts 95 are used to rigidly mount a series of base plates 97 that form, in this instance, a channel 93 to receive a bottom comer 91 of the frame 90. Once inserted, the frame corner 91 is bolted to the base plate 97. This arrangement permits removal, if required.

[00134] FIG. 31 is a schematic plan dimensioned view of a section of a frame 90 of a core 10 and FIGS. 32-33 are schematic front perspective and front views, respectively, of a frame 90 of a core 10 mounted to a concrete foundation 96 according to one embodiment. In addition to the corner base plates 97, additional baseplates 99 having appropriate channel configurations are provided at multiple locations between the corners 91. FIG. 34A includes an enlarged detail of the foundation mount of detail 4-A107 of FIG. 33. FIG. 34B includes an enlarged detail of a comer structural beam support 100 to tie into a floor joist or beam of the dwelling 12.

[00135] FIG. 35 is a schematic side view of a core 10 structurally integrated into a habitable structure or dwelling 12 and FIG. 36 is an enlarged detail of the structural integration detail 2-A108 of FIG. 35 according to one embodiment. In this application, the dwelling 12 is constmcted of steel beams 110 and concrete floor slabs. As best seen in the upper comer detail of the core 10 in FIG. 35, in combination with FIG. 36, the roof of the dwelling is comprised of a roof slab 112 abutting the solar panel 14 atop the core 10. The steel beam 110 supporting the roof slab 112 is bolted to the angle flange 114 mounted to the frame 90 of the core 10. The padded thermal/sound wall 72 is disposed below, abutting the living space. FIGS. 37-38 are schematic perspective views, respectively, of the frame 90 of the core 10 and the fully-clad core 10 from the interior of the dwelling 12 structurally integrated at midspan and roof levels to the dwelling. The steel beams 110, 116 of the dwelling 12 tie into the frame 90 of the core for fast and efficient erection of the dwelling 12.

[00136] FIGS. 39-42 illustrate the MEP connection scheme between the core 10 and the dwelling 12. More specifically, FIGS. 39-40 are, respectively, schematic perspective and rear views of a core 10 depicting the structural connector rings 58 disposed at lower 58a, midspan 58b, and upper portion 58c elevations of the core 10. These ring connectors 58a, 58b, 58c are located at elevations corresponding to the floor and roof joist bays, to facilitate unobtrusive connection to the MEP distribution and collection networks in the dwelling 12. For example, FIG. 41 is an enlarged schematic front view of an array of structural connectors 52’ depicting various connector types from detail 3-A109 of FIG. 40. A large number of electrical and data connectors 52a’, pneumatic and fluid connectors 52b’, plumbing and sanitary connectors 52c’, and HVAC connectors 52d’ are provided in a compact low profile arrangement suitable to fit in a joist bay. In this embodiment the width is about 920mm and the height is about 160mm. Naturally, the size can be specified to accommodate the construction particulars of the dwelling 12.

[00137] FIG. 42 is a partial exploded upper perspective view depicting alignment of upper structural connectors 52 of a core 10 with corresponding structural connectors 54 of the dwelling 12. In this embodiment, the entire core width can be accommodated between adjacent steel support beams of the dwelling 12. This structural configuration greatly facilitates the arrangement and routing of the MEP collection and distribution systems of the dwelling 12, since the large numbers of redundant connectors in the core ring 58 can connect to the dwelling systems in a variety of different locations.

[00138] Turning now to the details of the connectors 52 within the compartments 24 in the core 10, FIG. 43 includes a schematic perspective view of a core 10 identifying the location of an exemplary single-compartment tray 36a in the lower left comer and a plan view of such a tray 36a and associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components 48a. FIGS. 44-45 are, respectively, side section and end section views of an interior of the tray 36a of FIG. 43 with associated core support structure 48a. The main frame structure 120 of the core 10 supports a compartment substructure that, in turn, supports the tray 36a. The tray 36a includes a pair of side vents 124, in fluidic communication with the access shaft 26 of the core 10. Centrally disposed on the sidewall of the tray 36a between the vents 124 is the array of MEP system connectors 48a. This panel of tray connectors 48a is aligned with a corresponding panel of mating connectors 42 arranged on the compartment carcass 38a.

[00139] FIG. 46 is an enlarged schematic view of the tray panel connector array 48a of detail 4-A110 of FIG. 44. More specifically, eight groups of six connectors each are depicted in this panel 48a embodiment including those associated with fluid connections 132, pneumatic connections 134, thermocouple connections 136, exhaust air supply and distribution connections 138, signal 142, data 144, and fiber optic connections 146, high electrical power 148 and solar power connections 152, and water supply 154 and distribution connections 156.

[00140] FIGS. 47-49 provide more detail on the alignment of the tray 36a and substructure panel connector arrays 48a with the internal vertical ring structures 84 proximate the access shaft 26 that interconnect the compartment trays 36a. For example, FIG. 47 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a single-compartment tray 36a with associated compartment substructure with respective connector panel arrays 48a, along with a portion of the core frame 18 and certain access shaft piping and ducting 44. FIG. 48 is a schematic perspective exploded cutaway view of the single-compartment tray 36a and associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components 48a of FIG. 47, showing the alignment of the tray connector panel 48a with the substructure connector panel 42a that, in turn, is connected to the core piping, ducting, etc. 44. FIG. 49 is an enlarged schematic perspective exploded view showing alignment of the mating tray 48a and substructure connector array panels 42a.

[00141] Similarly, FIGS. 50-53 provide more detail on the alignment of a double- or split compartment tray 36b and substructure panel connector arrays 48b’ with the internal vertical ring structures proximate the access shaft 26 that interconnect the compartment trays 36b.

For example, FIG. 50 is a schematic plan view of a split compartment tray 36b and associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components 48b’. FIGS. 51-52 are, respectively, side section and end section views of an interior of the tray 36b of FIG. 50 with associated core support structure 48b’. As best seen in FIG. 51, each portion of the split tray 36b includes a vent 124 and four connector arrays 130 of six connectors each. These connectors include: electrical connectors 131’, pneumatic and fluid connectors 133’, HVAC connectors 135’, and plumbing connectors 137’ in the depicted embodiment. Various connector arrangements, types and quantities are contemplated. FIG. 53 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a split compartment tray 36b’ with associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components 48b’, similar to that depicted in FIG. 47 for the single compartment tray 36a configuration.

[00142] When a tray 36 is pulled out or extended from a compartment 24, the MEP connections between the MEP components and devices in the tray 36 are automatically disconnected from the internal core ring structures. Similarly, when the tray 36 is pushed back and fully inserted into the compartment 24, the MEP connections between the MEP components and devices in the tray are automatically reconnected to the internal core ring structures. FIGS. 54-56B depict such a connector locking sequence for an array of plumbing connectors 137’ and FIGS. 57-59B depict a similar connector locking sequence for an array of electrical connectors 131’. As can be readily appreciated, depending on the connector type, the connectors mounted to a single tray 36b’ can actuate essentially simultaneous or sequentially and may disconnect and reconnect in more than one actuation step. While not prohibited, manual connection actuation steps are not particularly desirable. Automatic actuation based on the extension and insertion of the tray 36b’ into the core 10 are particularly helpful for both efficiency and overall system reliability.

[00143] FIG. 54 is an enlarged schematic perspective section view of mating plumbing connector arrays 137’ of a tray 36b’ and dedicated integrated network 48b’. When the tray 36b’ is pulled out, the plumbing connector arrays 137’ automatically disconnect and the connectors are in an unlocked state. The substructure connector array 42b’ retracts to the side, providing clearance for the tray 36b’ to be opened. See Step 1 of FIG. 55A. When the tray 36b’ is push back fully into the core 10, the connector array 42b’ mounted to the substructure moves from the retracted, unlocked position into mating engagement and locked position with the connector array 48b’ mounted to the tray 36b’. See Step 2 of FIG. 55B. FIGS. 56A and 56B are enlarged perspective views of the two-step plumbing connector locking sequence of FIGS. 55A and 55B.

[00144] Other connector types are similarly locked and unlocked based on movement of the tray 36 from the stowed or inserted operational position to the extended position for MEP system inspection and maintenance. FIG. 57 is a schematic perspective exploded view of mating electrical connectors 131’ of a compartment tray 36b’ with associated support structure and dedicated integrated network components 48b’. FIGS. 58A and 56B depict enlarged perspective sectional views of a tray electrical connector 131’ locking sequence with corresponding electrical connectors 141 of the dedicated integrated network 42b’ according to one embodiment. In this embodiment, data 143, fiber optic 145, and signal connectors 147 are automatically locked and unlocked.

[00145] FIGS. 59A and 59B depicts enlarged sectional side views of a core ring electrical connector locking sequence with corresponding electrical connectors of the dwelling.

Naturally, there is no routine or regular need for locking and unlocking of these core ring connectors 48b’ with the distribution and collections networks 42b’ of the dwelling 12.

Nonetheless, quick reliable connections that can be locked and unlocked quickly with relative ease greatly facilitate the installation and maintenance of the core 10 in the dwelling 12. Certain collection and distribution networks (as well as portions or zones thereof) in the dwelling 12 may be conveniently disconnected or isolated for maintenance, troubleshooting, during remodeling of the dwelling 12, etc. Any of a variety of commercially available and/or custom connectors can be adapted for use with the core 10 in the internal tray connection 48 locations, as well as in the core/dwelling interface connections.

[00146] FIG. 60 is a schematic perspective view of an HVAC network 150 in a core 10 according to one embodiment, showing the distribution of certain conditioned air ducting 152 and condensate drain piping 154 in the core 10. As can be seen, the ducting 152 runs through the lower, midspan and upper rings, as well as through the vertical ring connectors. The condensate drain piping 154 is substantially limited to the access shaft 26 and interconnected with the compartment tray connectors. FIG. 61 is a schematic perspective view of a plumbing network 160 and FIG. 62 is a schematic perspective view of an electrical network 170, each generally arranged and routed more extensively through the core 10 than the HVAC network 150. FIG. 63 is a schematic perspective view of all of the HVAC 150, plumbing 160, and electrical networks 170 routed through the core 10.

[00147] Turning now to what the occupants of the dwelling 12 see and experience in a home outfitted with a core 10, FIG. 64 is a schematic plan view of a core 10 integrated in the dwelling 12 depicting access to the core 10 from inside and outside the dwelling 12, according to one embodiment. FIGS. 65-66 are, respectively, interior elevation and perspective views of the interior sound and thermal insulation cladding on the front of the core 10 and FIG. 67 is an interior perspective view of access to certain compartments and the interior access shaft 26 of the core 10. In general, the interior facing portions of the core 10 that require access appear to the occupants to be like any movable wall partition elements. The elements may include one or more hinged panels and/or doors 78 with an exposed interior finish consistent with the interior finishes of the dwelling, to make the core 10 blend in unobtrusively. Alternatively, for a desired aesthetic, the interior facing finish of the wall may be designed to stand out and provide an accent wall feature. [00148] The next two series of figures depict two six-step sequences for connecting utilities external to the core 10 to the core 10. More specifically, FIGS. 68-73 depict six steps for connecting an external water supply to a core 10 and for connecting a plumbing (e.g., water delivery) system 160 to the dwelling 12. In some applications, the six steps include: inserting a large potable water storage tank 172 in a compartment tray 36 (step 1); connecting the tank 172 to the potable water connector 137 in the tray connector array 130 with a hose (step 2); closing the tray 36 to automatically fluidically connect the tank 172 to the potable water system in the core 10 (step 3); connecting a public or private pressurized water supply line 174 to the tank 172 (step 4); connecting the potable water supply system 176 of the core 10 to the potable water supply system network of the dwelling 12 (step 5); and using the dwelling faucets and fixtures connected to the dwelling potable water supply distribution network (e.g., in the kitchen, bathrooms, etc.) (step 6).

[00149] Similarly, FIGS. 74-79 depict a sequence of six steps for connecting an HVAC system 150 to a core 10 and the dwelling 12. These six steps include: inserting a large HVAC unit 152 into a compartment tray 36 (step 1); connecting the HVAC unit 152 to one or more conditioned air connectors and a condensate drain connector in the tray connector array 42 with insulated hose (step 2); connecting the HVAC unit 152 to electrical power and data line/control connectors in the tray connector array 42 with suitable jumper cabling (step 3); closing the tray 36 to automatically fluidically and electrically connect the HVAC unit 152 to the corresponding networks and control system 48 in the core 10 (step 4); connecting the HVAC networks in the core 10 to the corresponding networks of the dwelling 12 (step 5); and using the HVAC controls in the dwelling 12 to receive conditioned air in the right locations in the various zones in the dwelling 12 (step 6).

[00150] The next three series of figures depict arrangements or sequences for connecting external electrical power, an external water supply, and a municipal sewerage line, respectively, to a core 10 and the dwelling 12. More specifically, FIGS. 80-81 depict, respectively, plan and perspective views of routing of grid electrical power to the core 10. This power supply is preferable routed through buried conduit 180 from the grid 181 to a main electrical distribution box 182 located in a readily accessible location on or in the core 10. Depending on local electrical codes and practices, a main disconnect may be required on the exterior of the dwelling 12 or core 10, prior to routing the cabling to the main distribution circuit breaker box for the dwelling 10. The distribution box 182 may be located within the access shaft 26, on a core 10 side abutting the interior living space, or any other suitable location.

[00151] Similarly, FIGS. 82-84 depict a plan view and two perspective views of a two-step sequence of routing an external water supply to the tank 172 in the core 10 depicted and described in FIGS. 68-73. The pressurized municipal or private water supply is preferably routed through buried piping from the connection source through a meter or directly from a private well to the water tank 172 in the compartment tray 36. Depending on local plumbing codes and practices, a backflow prevention valve or other safety equipment, including a main disconnect, may be required. The pressurized water supply line fills the tank 172 that, in turn, pressurizes and delivers potable water through the core 10 and the distribution network in the dwelling 12.

[00152] Lastly, FIGS. 85-87 depict a plan view and two perspective views of a two-step sequence of connecting a core 10 and associated dwelling plumbing fixtures to a municipal sewerage line. Black water and sewage gas from the dwelling 12 is collected in the dwelling waste piping and vent system, with the black water main sewage line 184 from the dwelling 12 connected to the core sewage line 188 at the dwelling sewage connection 186. Depending on local sewage codes and practices the core sewage line 188, in turn, is connected to the main municipal sewage line, passing through one or more manholes 192, backflow preventers, and the like. Optionally, the core sewage line 188 can be connected to a private waste treatment or septic system.

[00153] FIGS. 88-91 depict four perspective views of a four-step sequence of routing excess heat from a core 10 to ambient according to one embodiment. A network of exhaust fans 196 in the dwelling 12 may be provided to exhaust internal air in the kitchen, bathrooms, and other rooms in the dwelling 12 to vent odors, excess humidity, and the like from the dwelling 12. These exhaust fans 196 or one or more dedicated exhaust fans can be fluidically coupled via exhaust ducting 198 as an exhaust network 200. See FIG. 88, step 1. The network 200 can, in turn, be fluidically coupled to an interior of the core 10 (e.g., a core exhaust network 210) via one or more ring connectors 58 of the core 10 at one or more levels of the core 10. See FIG. 89, step 2. In some variations, the core exhaust network 210 includes a network of thermostatically controlled fans 202 attached at the vents 124 in the trays 36, optionally, with ducting 204, to actively circulate air in the core 10 and prevent thermal hot spots, especially at the upper levels of the core 10. See FIG. 90, step 3. By connecting the core fan network 204 to the dwelling exhaust network 200, the internal thermal profile of the core 10 can be maintained within a suitable operating range to ensure peak system performance and long component life. See FIG. 91, step 4.

[00154] Lastly, FIGS. 92-95 depict four perspective views of a four-step sequence of rainwater collection and storage for use in a grey water system to service the dwelling 12. In this embodiment, a network 230 of roof drains 232 and piping 234 in the dwelling 12 may be provided to passively collect rainwater from the roof. See FIG. 92, step 1. The network 230 can, in turn, be fluidically coupled to an interior of the core 10 via one or more ring connectors 58 of the core 10 at one or more levels of the core 10. See FIG. 93, step 2. Once in the core 10, the collected rainwater can be directed to a grey water tank 240 located in one of the compartment trays 36, where the collected rainwater is filtered and stored. A pump is provided to pressurize the filtered grey water for delivery to the grey water supply connectors in the connector rings 58. See FIG. 94, step 3. By connecting the grey water distribution network 230 in the dwelling 12 (e.g., the WC supply lines) to the pressurized grey water supply connectors at the core 10, the grey water can be used advantageously for appropriate uses, while conserving potable water. See FIG. 95, step 4.

[00155] Having described certain embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments incorporating the concepts disclosed herein may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the core 10 may be sized and configured for any application. A single-family dwelling 12 is a particularly attractive target habitable structure for use with a core 10. A small core 10 can be designed that is adapted to achieve expected architectural design objectives (e.g., suitable for a“tiny house” or one room studio style structure). A core 10 with greater capacity can be specified as a medium core sized for a conventional family structure (e.g., one- or two-floor, two to four bedroom, two-bath dwelling). A core 10 with very large capacity can be specified as suitable for a large single-family dwelling (e.g., a mini-mansion with six bedrooms/baths, two half baths, two kitchens, pool/spa, heated/cooled five car garage and accessory building(s), etc.). A wide range of system capacities, parameters, and values can be specified to address the wide range of specifications various cores 10 can achieve in meeting architectural design objectives across a wide variety of applications. Further, while the focus of various embodiments described herein in detail has been primarily related to dwelling structures, other embodiments of the invention have wider applicability, including use in temporary and semi-permanent structures.

[00156] Accordingly, the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as only illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

Claims What is claimed is:

1. A core adapted for use in a building, the core comprising:

a structural frame forming a plurality of compartments, each compartment adapted to contain at least a portion of a mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) system;

an integrated network interconnecting the compartments; and

structural connectors for coupling the core to distribution and collection systems servicing the building.

2. The core of claim 1, wherein the structural frame is configured to support internally disposed MEP system components.

3. The core of claim 2, wherein the structural frame is further configured to support at least a portion of the distribution and collection systems servicing the building.

4. The core of claim 2, wherein the structural frame is further configured to support at least a portion of the building.

5. The core of claim 1, wherein the structural frame comprises reinforced portions for supporting the structural connectors.

6. The core of claim 1, wherein the structural frame comprises a substantially rectilinear external shape.

7. The core of claim 1, wherein the structural frame comprises modular construction adapted to be modified to at least one of: add, remove, resize, or reconfigure one or more compartments.

8. The core of claim 1, further comprising external cladding coupled to at least a portion of the structural frame adapted to enclose and provide access to the compartments, wherein the external cladding comprises at least one removable panel.

9. The core of claim 8, wherein the external cladding comprises at least one openable panel.

10. The core of claim 8, wherein the external cladding comprises at least one of a finished surface suitable for exposure to an interior living space of the building or a weather- resistant surface suitable for exposure to ambient environment external to the building.

11. The core of claim 1, wherein components of the integrated network are selected from the group consisting of electrical power cabling, data/communications cabling, temperature and ventilation control ducting, fluid supply piping, fluid return piping, and combinations thereof.

12. The core of claim 1, wherein the structural connectors are disposed at at least one of a lower portion of the core, a midspan portion of the core, or an upper portion of the core.

13. The core of claim 1, wherein the structural connectors are selected from the group consisting of electrical power cabling connectors, data/communications cabling connectors, temperature and ventilation control ducting connectors, fluid supply piping connectors, and fluid return piping connectors.

14. The core of claim 1 further comprising a controller connected to the integrated network for monitoring a status of the core.

15. The core of claim 14, wherein the controller is further adapted to monitor a status of each compartment.

16. The core of claim 14, further comprising a user interface providing user access to the controller.

17. The core of claim 14, further comprising a temperature and ventilation control system to control an internal temperature and ventilation within the core.

18. The core of claim 17, wherein the temperature and ventilation control system controls an internal temperature and ventilation within each compartment within the core.

19. The core of claim 1, further comprising lifting points to facilitate at least one of installation or removal of the core with a crane.

20. The core of claim 1, wherein the core is adapted to be installed in both a vertical orientation and a horizontal orientation.

21. The core of claim 1, further comprising at least a portion of an MEP system selected from the group consisting of an electrical energy distribution system, an electrical energy storage system, a potable water system, a grey water system, a black water system, an HVAC system, and a data/communications system disposed in at least one compartment.

22. A method of manufacturing a core adapted for use in a building, the method comprising the steps of:

manufacturing a structural frame forming a plurality of compartments, each compartment adapted to contain at least a portion of a mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) system;

interconnecting the compartments with an integrated network; and

providing structural connectors for coupling the core to distribution and collection systems servicing the building.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising the step of configuring the structural frame to support internally disposed MEP system components.

24. The method of claim 22, further comprising the step of configuring the structural frame to support at least a portion of the distribution and collection systems servicing the building.

25. The method of claim 22, further comprising the step of configuring the structural frame to support at least a portion of the building.

26. The method of claim 22, further comprising the step of reinforcing portions of the structural frame to support the structural connectors.

27. The method of claim 22, wherein the structural frame comprises a substantially rectilinear external shape.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein the structural frame comprises modular

construction, the method further comprising the step of modifying the structural frame to at least one of add, remove, resize, or reconfigure one or more compartments.

29. The method of claim 22, wherein components of the integrated network are selected from the group consisting of electrical power cabling, data/communications cabling, temperature and ventilation control ducting, fluid supply piping, fluid return piping, and combinations thereof.

30. The method of claim 22, further comprising the step of disposing the structural connectors at at least one of a lower portion of the core, a midspan portion of the core, and an upper portion of the core.

31. The method of claim 22, wherein the structural connectors are selected from the group consisting of electrical power cabling connectors, data/communications cabling connectors, temperature and ventilation control ducting connectors, fluid supply piping connectors, and fluid return piping connectors.

32. A method of using a core in a building, the core comprising a structural frame forming a plurality of compartments with each compartment adapted to contain at least a portion of a mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) system, an integrated network interconnecting the compartments, and structural connectors for coupling the core to distribution and collection systems servicing the building, the method comprising the steps of:

installing the core on a support of the building;

coupling the core to distribution and collection systems servicing the building using the structural connectors; and

operating the core to service the building.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the installation step comprises placing the core on the support with a crane.

34. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of supporting at least a portion of the distribution and collection systems servicing the building with the core.

35. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of supporting at least a portion of the building with the core.

36. The method of claim 32, wherein the core comprises a substantially rectilinear external shape.

37. The method of claim 32, further comprising external cladding coupled to the structural frame adapted to enclose and provide access to the compartments.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the external cladding forms at least one removable panel, the method further comprising the step of at least one of removing or replacing the panel.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein the external cladding forms at least one openable panel, the method further comprising the step of at least one of opening or closing the panel.

40. The method of claim 32, wherein the installation step further comprises the step of at least one of exposing at least a portion of a finished surface of the optional external cladding to an interior living space of the building or exposing at least a portion of a weather- resistant surface of the external cladding to ambient environment external to the building.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the portion of the finished surface forms at least a portion of a wall, a ceiling, a floor of the building, or combinations thereof.

42. The method of claim 40, wherein the portion of the weather-resistant surface forms at least one of at least a portion of an exterior wall or a roof of the building.

43. The method of claim 32, wherein components of the integrated network are selected from the group consisting of electrical power cabling, data/communications cabling, temperature and ventilation control ducting, fluid supply piping, fluid return piping, and combinations thereof.

44. The method of claim 32, wherein the coupling step further comprises the step of coupling the structural connectors disposed at at least one of a lower portion of the core, a midspan portion of the core, or an upper portion of the core.

45. The method of claim 32, wherein the structural connectors are selected from the group consisting of electrical power cabling connectors, data/communications cabling connectors, temperature and ventilation control ducting connectors, fluid supply piping connectors, and fluid return piping connectors.

46. The method of claim 32, wherein the operating step further comprises the step of monitoring a status of the core with a controller connected to the integrated network.

47. The method of claim 46, further comprising the step of monitoring a status of each compartment with the controller.

48. The method of claim 46, further comprising the step of providing user access to the controller with a user interface.

49. The method of claim 46, further comprising the step of controlling an internal temperature and ventilation within the core with a temperature and ventilation control system.

50. The method of claim 46, further comprising the step of controlling an internal temperature and ventilation within each compartment within the core with the temperature and ventilation control system.

51. The method of claim 32, wherein the installation step comprises installing the core in at least one of a vertical orientation or a horizontal orientation.

52. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of installing at least a portion of the MEP system selected from the group consisting of an electrical energy distribution system, an electrical energy storage system, a potable water system, a grey water system, a black water system, an HVAC system, and a data/communications system in at least one compartment.

53. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of removing the core from the support of the building to at least one of refurbish or replace the core.