EP3884016A1 - Method of lubricating an automotive or industrial gear - Google Patents
Method of lubricating an automotive or industrial gearInfo
- Publication number
- EP3884016A1 EP3884016A1 EP19835960.6A EP19835960A EP3884016A1 EP 3884016 A1 EP3884016 A1 EP 3884016A1 EP 19835960 A EP19835960 A EP 19835960A EP 3884016 A1 EP3884016 A1 EP 3884016A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- amine
- lubricant composition
- phosphate
- alkyl
- lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims description 2
- BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione Chemical compound S=C1NNC(=S)S1 BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 235000001508 sulfur Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229960005349 sulfur Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrophenyl ethylphosphonate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical group [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004920 4-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC(C)*)C 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBCJJAZGEJSVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Z)-18-methylnonadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CC(CCCCCCCC=C/CCCCCCCCN)C VBCJJAZGEJSVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical group C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTYXPKUPXPWHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(butyltetrasulfanyl)butane Chemical compound CCCCSSSSCCCC PTYXPKUPXPWHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIJIUJYANDSEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N QIJIUJYANDSEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde Chemical group NC1=NC(Cl)=C(C=O)C(Cl)=N1 GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYIFNHCXNCRBQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoadipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(N)CCCC(O)=O OYIFNHCXNCRBQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCC1CO1 NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- XGDOCEUIQYYJDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylheptan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)(C)N XGDOCEUIQYYJDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGNPXHJOMLPZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnonan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)(C)N IGNPXHJOMLPZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPNJYXKRHWAPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)N KPNJYXKRHWAPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004917 3-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C(C)*)C 0.000 description 1
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWRHSNKTSSIMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethylsulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CCSC1=NN=C(N)S1 VWRHSNKTSSIMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPULCTXGGDJCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCN LPULCTXGGDJCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLFKJPZBBCZWOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methyl-n,n-bis(8-methylnonyl)nonan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC(C)C)CCCCCCCC(C)C DLFKJPZBBCZWOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAIKULLUBZKPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CNCC(CC)CCCC SAIKULLUBZKPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVIHVPUWTKUVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CCCCC)SP(=S)(OCCCCCC)[O-].[Ca+] Chemical compound C(CCCCC)SP(=S)(OCCCCCC)[O-].[Ca+] IVIHVPUWTKUVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LRTSMNHZEYWOGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CCCCCCCC)SP(=S)(OCCCCCCCCC)[O-].[Ba+] Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)SP(=S)(OCCCCCCCCC)[O-].[Ba+] LRTSMNHZEYWOGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FWVNVNLDZOTFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M C1(CCCCC1)SP(=S)(OC1CCCCC1)[O-].[Zn+] Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)SP(=S)(OC1CCCCC1)[O-].[Zn+] FWVNVNLDZOTFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCN WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTUVJUMINZSXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CNC1CCCCC1 XTUVJUMINZSXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXEICSSQIFZBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-(6-methylheptylsulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCSP(O)(O)=S LXEICSSQIFZBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQHRCVXVEKBXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)SP(O)(O)=S MQHRCVXVEKBXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000145841 kine Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYYLWJOKAQADDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dihexadecylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LYYLWJOKAQADDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHCCDDQKNUYGNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCNCC QHCCDDQKNUYGNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICVFPLUSMYSIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCNCC ICVFPLUSMYSIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJWMENBYMFZACG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptylheptan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCNCCCCCCC NJWMENBYMFZACG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNCCCCCC PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCNCCCCC JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleic acid oleyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N oleyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940100684 pentylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHZWALZKPWZSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl oleate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC DHZWALZKPWZSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LVBXEMGDVWVTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-2-octenal Natural products CCCCCC=CC=O LVBXEMGDVWVTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRUBRZLLIMTXAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-yloxy-dioxido-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(CC(C)C)OP(=S)([O-])[O-].[Zn+2] FRUBRZLLIMTXAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MGBAKHBYLVHINN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 4-methylpentan-2-yloxy-dioxido-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound P(=S)([O-])([O-])OC(CC(C)C)C.[Zn+2] MGBAKHBYLVHINN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AGBMDKDXTAPWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-ethylhexoxy-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C.CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C AGBMDKDXTAPWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GSYTTXJUAAICBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-ethylhexoxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C GSYTTXJUAAICBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WNBGUYXVNNDNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-methylpropoxy-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C.CC(C)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C WNBGUYXVNNDNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YRRJZUFDLNBWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;3-methylbutoxy-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)CCOP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C.CC(C)CCOP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C YRRJZUFDLNBWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- URFAALBJPSVFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;butan-2-yloxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C URFAALBJPSVFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ICTFVBQZBCTKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hexan-2-yloxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C ICTFVBQZBCTKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/56—Boundary lubrication or thin film lubrication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
Definitions
- the disclosed technology relates to a lubricant composition for automotive or industrial gears, as well as axles and bearings, the lubricant composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, a phosphate and/or thiophosphate compound, and a metal thiophosphate compound, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, as well as a method of improving automotive or industrial gear operating efficiency and temperature by lubricating such automotive or industrial gears with the lubricant composition.
- Driveline power transmitting devices (such as gears or transmissions) present highly challenging technological problems and solutions for satisfying the multiple and often conflicting lubricating requirements, while providing durability and cleanliness.
- One aspect of the technology is directed to a lubricant composition
- a lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity, from 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate compound, and from 0.1 to 2 wt%, or 0.2 to 1.9 wt%, or 0.3 to 1 wt% of a metal alkylthiophosphate.
- the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can be simply an amine alkylphosphate. In other embodiments, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can be an amine alkylthiophosphate. In further embodiments, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can include a combination of both amine phosphate and amine alkylthiophosphate.
- the lubricant can include an amine phosphate that is a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt having at least about 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure.
- at least about 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups in such a sulfur-free alkyl phosphate can be secondary alkyl groups of about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms.
- at least about 25 mole percent of the alkyl groups in such a sulfur-free alkyl phosphate can be primary alkyl groups of about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms.
- the amine alkylthiophosphate can be a dialkyl dithiophosphate.
- the metal alkylthiophosphate in the lubricant composition can include a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate can be a secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- the lubricant composition can also contain other additives.
- the lubricant composition can include sulfur containing additives in an amount to provide the composition with a total sulfur level of about 1 to about 5 or about 2 to about 5 wt%.
- the lubricant composition can have a total phosphorus level of about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt%.
- Another aspect of the technology encompasses a method of lubricating a driveline device by supplying to the driveline device a lubricant composition as described, and operating the driveline device.
- the driveline device can be, for example, an axle, a bearing, a transmission or a gear.
- One aspect of the invention is a lubricant composition for a driveline device containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) at least one amine alkyl(thio)phosphate, and (b) a metal alkylthiophosphate.
- One component of the disclosed technology is an oil of lubricating viscosity, also referred to as a base oil.
- the base oil may be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V of the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guide lines (2011), namely
- Group I >0.03 and/or ⁇ 90 80 to less than 120
- Group II ⁇ 0.03 and >90 80 to less than 120
- PAOs polyalphaolefms
- Groups I, II and III are mineral oil base stocks. Other generally recognized categories of base oils may be used, even if not officially identified by the API: Group 11+ , referring to materials of Group II having a viscosity index of 110-119 and lower volatility than other Group II oils; and Group III+, referring to materials of Group III having a viscosity index greater than or equal to 130.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity can include natural or synthetic oils and mixtures thereof. Mixture of mineral oil and synthetic oils, e.g., polyalphaolefm oils and/or polyester oils, may be used.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity has a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 of 1.5 to 7.5, or 2 to 7, or 2.5 to 6.5, or 3 to 6 mm 2 /s.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises a poly alpha olefin having a kine matic viscotiy at 100 °C by ASTM D445 of 1.5 to 7.5 or any of the other aforementioned ranges.
- the lubricant of the disclosed technology will include at least one amine al- kyl(thio)phosphate.
- the inclusion of“thio” in the parenthesis means that the phosphate may or may not contain sulfur atoms.
- the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can include an amine phos phate, that is, a phosphate that is substantially sulfur-free.
- substantially sulfur free it is meant that sulfur is not intentionally added to the amine phosphate, and preferably the amine phosphate is completely free of sulfur.
- sulfur con tamination levels may be less than 2.5%, or 1%, 0.1%, or 0.01% by weight to be consid ered substantially sulfur free.
- the amine phosphate may include at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms in an alkyl pyrophosphate structure, as opposed to an orthophos phate (or monomeric phosphate) structure.
- the percentage of phosphorus atoms in the pyrophosphate structure may be 30 to 100 mole %, or 40 to 90 % or 50 to 80% or 55 to 70 % or 55 to 65%.
- the remaining amount of the phosphorus atoms may be in an ortho phosphate structure or may consist, in part, in unreacted phosphorus acid or other phos phorus species.
- up to 60 or up to 50 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in mono- or di-alkyl-orthophosphate salt structure.
- the amine phosphate as present in the pyrophosphate form, may be represented in part by a half neutralized salt of formula (I) and/or a fully neutral-
- the extent of neutralization of the amine phosphate in practice may be 50% to 100%, or 80% to 99%, or 90% to 98%, or 93% to 97%, or about 95%.
- Variants of these materials may also be present, such as a variant of formula (I) or formula (II) wherein the -OH group (in (I) is replaced by another -OR 1 group or wherein one or more -OR 1 groups are replaced by -OH groups, or wherein an R 1 group is replaced by a phosphorus-containing group, that is, those comprising a third phosphorus structure in place of a terminal R 1 group.
- Illustrative variant structures may include the following:
- the pyrophosphate salts may be distinguished from orthophosphate salts of the general structure
- the amine phosphate may also include some amount of partial esters including mono- and diesters of the orthophosphate structure and diesters of the pyrophosphate structure.
- each R 1 is independently an alkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl groups may be primary or secondary groups, or a mixture of both primary and secondary. In certain embodiments at least 80 mole percent, or at least 85, 90, 95, or 99 percent, of the R 1 alkyl groups will be secondary alkyl groups. In certain embodiments at least 25 mole percent, or at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 or even 99 mole percent, of the R 1 alkyl groups will be primary alkyl groups. [0027] In some embodiments the alkyl groups will have 3 or 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or 3 to 8, or 4 to 6, or 5 to 10, or 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl groups can be straight chain, branched, cyclic or aromatic. Such groups include 2-butyl, 2-pentyl, 3 -pentyl, 3 -methyl - 2-butyl, 2-hexyl, 3 -hexyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, and other such secondary groups and isomers thereof having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 carbon atoms as well as propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, phenethyl, and other such primary groups and isomers thereof having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group will have a methyl branch at the a-position of the group, an example being the 4-methyl-2- pentyl (also
- the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may also be an amine alkylthiophosphate, wherein the alkylthiophosphate is represented by the formula (R’0) 2 PSSH, wherein each R’ is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 3 to about 30, preferably from about 3 up to about 18, or from about 3 up to about 12, or from up to about 8 carbon atoms.
- Example R’ groups can include isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, the various amyl, n-hexyl, methylisobutyl carbinyl, heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl, behenyl, decyl, dodecyl, and tridecyl groups.
- Illustrative lower alkylphenyl R’ groups include butylphenyl, amylphenyl, heptylphenyl, etc.
- mixtures of R’ groups include: 1-butyl and 1-octyl; 1-pentyl and 2-ethyl-l-hexyl; isobutyl and n- hexyl; isobutyl and isoamyl; 2-propyl and 2-methyl-4-pentyl; isopropyl and sec-butyl; and isopropyl and isooctyl.
- the alkylthiophosphate of the amine alkylthiophosphate may be reacted with an epoxide or a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol.
- This reaction product may be used alone, or further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester.
- the epoxide is generally an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide, etc. Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are preferred.
- the polyhydric alcohols are described above.
- the glycols may be aliphatic glycols hav ing from 2 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 6, or from 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
- Glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like.
- the alkylthiophosphate, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and methods of reacting the same are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3, 197,405 and 3,544,465 which are incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure to these.
- Amine Component - The amine component of the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may be represented by R 2 3NH, where each R 2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group, or an ether-containing group, provided that at least one R 2 group is a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group or an ether-containing group (that is, not NEE).
- Suitable hydrocarbyl amines include primary amines having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or 3 to 12, or 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine and isomers thereof, pentylamine and isomers thereof, hexylamine and isomers thereof, heptylamine and isomers thereof, octylamine and isomers thereof such as isooctylamine and 2-ethylhexylamine, as well as higher amines.
- Other primary amines include dodecylamine, fatty amines as n-octylamine, n- decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine and oleylamine.
- fatty amines include commercially available fatty amines such as“Armeen®” amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Ill.), such as Armeen® C, Armeen® O, Armeen® OL, Armeen® T, Armeen® HT, Armeen® S and Armeen® SD, wherein the letter designation relates to the fatty group, such as coco, oleyl, tallow, or stearyl groups.
- Secondary amines that may be used include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methylethyl- amine, ethylbutyl amine, bis-2-ethylhexylamine, N-methyl-1 -amino-cyclohexane, Armeen® 2C, and ethylamylamine.
- the secondary amines may be cyclic amines such as piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
- Suitable tertiary amines include tri-n-butylamine, tri-n-octylamine, tri-decyl- amine, tri-laurylamine, tri-hexadecylamine, and dimethyloleylamine (Armeen® DMOD). Triisodecylamine or tridecylamine and isomers thereof may be used.
- Examples of mixtures of amines include (i) an amine with 11 to 14 carbon atoms on tertiary alkyl primary groups, (ii) an amine with 14 to 18 carbon atoms on tertiary alkyl primary groups, or (iii) an amine with 18 to 22 carbon atoms on tertiary alkyl primary groups.
- tertiary alkyl primary amines include tert- butylamine, tert-hexylamine, tert-octylamine (such as 1,1-dimethylhexylamine), tert- decylamine (such as 1,1-dimethyloctylamine), tertdodecylamine, tert-tetradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert-octadecylamine, tert-tetracosanylamine, and tert-octacosanyl- amine.
- a useful mixture of amines includes“Primene® 81R” or “Primene® JMT.”
- Primene® 81R and Primene® JMT may be mixtures of Cl l to C14 tertiary alkyl primary amines and C18 to C22 tertiary alkyl primary amines, respectively.
- the amine may be an ester-containing amine such as an N-hydrocarbyl-substituted g- or 6-amino(thio)ester, which is therefore a secondary amine.
- the ester-containing amine may, for example, be prepared by Michael addition of a primary amine, typically having a branched hydrocarbyl group, with an ethylenically unsaturated ester or thio ester, or, for example, by reductive amination of the esters of 5- oxy substituted carboxylic acids or 5-oxy substituted thiocarboxylic acids.
- esters of 5-halogen substituted carboxylic acids or 5- halogen substituted thiocarboxylic acids may also be prepared by amination of the esters of 5-halogen substituted carboxylic acids or 5- halogen substituted thiocarboxylic acids, or by reductive amination of the esters of 2- amino substituted hexanedioic acids, or by alkylation of the esters of 2-aminohexanedioic acids.
- the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may be a phosphate amine of formulas (I) or (II), or variants thereof, with the amine being 2-ethylhexylamine.
- the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may be an amine phosphate of formulas (I) or (II), or variants thereof, with the amine being an N-hydrocarbyl-substi- tuted g- or 6-amino(thio)ester.
- the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can be an amine alkylthio- phosphate that is the reaction product of a C M to Ci 8 alkylated dialkyldithiophosphoric acid with Primene 81RTM (produced and sold by Rohm & Haas) which is a mixture of Cn to tertiary alkyl primary amines.
- the amine alkyl (thio)phosphate can include combinations of amine phosphates, combinations of amine alkylthiophosphates, and combinations of amine phosphates with amine alkylthiophosphates.
- the amount of amine alkyl(thio)phosphate in the lubricant composition may be 0.01 to 5 percent by weight.
- Alternative amounts of the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may be 0.2 to 3 percent, or 0.2 to 1.2 percent, or 0.5 to 2.0 percent, or 0.55 to 1.4 percent, or 0.6 to 1.3 percent, or 0.7 to 1.2, or 1 to 2, or even 1.5 to 2, or 1.2 to 1.8 percent by weight or even from 1.8 to 2.2 percent by weight.
- the amount may be suitable to provide phosphorus to the lubricant formulation in an amount of 200 to 3000 parts per million by weight (ppm), or 400 to 2000 ppm, or 300 to 2000, or 600 to 1500 ppm, or 700 to 1100 ppm, or 900 to 1900, or 1100 to 1800 ppm, or 1200 to 1600 ppm or 1500 to 2000 ppm.
- ppm parts per million by weight
- amine alkyl(thio)phosphate will typically comprise a mixture of various individual chemical species.
- Reference herein to an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate will be understood by those of ordinary skill to encom pass mixtures of such compounds as may be prepared by the described syntheses.
- the lubricant composition will further include a metal alkylthiophosphate compound.
- the metal alkylthiophosphate compound can be represented by the formula:
- R 25 and R 26 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl groups or mixtures thereof, provided that at least one of R 25 and R 26 is a hydrocarbyl group, preferably an alkyl or cycloalkyl with 1 to 30, or 2 to 20 and in some cases 2 to 15 carbon atoms.
- R 25 and R 26 can be secondary alkyl groups of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or even from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, those derived from 4- methylpentan-2-ol or isopropanol.
- M is a metal, and n is an integer equal to the available valence of M.
- M is mono- or di- or trivalent, preferably divalent, more preferably a divalent transition metal, and most preferably zinc.
- metal alkylthiophosphates include zinc isopropyl methyl- amyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl isooctyl dithiophosphate, zinc di(cyclohexyl)di- thiophosphate, zinc isobutyl 2-ethylhexyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl 2-ethylhexyl dithiophosphate, zinc isobutyl isoamyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl n-butyl dithio phosphate, calcium di(hexyl)dithiophosphate, barium di(nonyl)dithiophosphate, zinc di(isobutyl) dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl secondary-butyl dithiophosphate, zinc iso propyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl 4-methylpentan-2-ol dithiophosphate, zinc 4- methylpentan-2-ol dithio
- the metal alkylthiophosphate may be a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates may be described as primary zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or as secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, depending on the structure of the alcohol used in its preparation.
- the lubricant composition can include a primary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- the lubricant composition can in clude a secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
- the lubricant composition can include a mixture of primary and secondary zinc dialkyldithiophos phates.
- Metal from the metal alkylthiophosphate such as zinc, may be supplied at a concentration of from about 0.02 to about 0.095 wt% zinc, or from about 0.025 to 0.085 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.075 wt% zinc. Such levels may be associated with a metal alkylthiophosphate concentration of from about 0.2 to about 0.8 wt%, of from about 0.25 to 0.75 wt%, or even from about 0.3 to about 0.70 wt%.
- Metal from the metal alkylthiophosphate such as zinc, may also be sup plied at a concentration of from about 0.02 to about 0.2 wt% zinc, or from about 0.025 to 0.19 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.18 wt% zinc. Such levels may be associated with a metal alkylthiophosphate concentration of from about 0.2 to about 2 wt%, or from about 0.25 to 1.9 wt%, or even from about 0.3 to about 1.8 wt%.
- the metal alkylthiophosphate can provide from 0.01 or from 0.02 to about 0.095 wt% phosphorus, or from about 0.025 to 0.085 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.075 wt% phosphorus.
- the metal alkylthiophosphate can provide from 0.01 or from 0.02 to about 0.2 wt% phosphorus, or from about 0.025 to 0.19 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.18 wt% phosphorus.
- the lubricant composition can also contain other sulfur containing compounds, such as, for example, organo-sulfides, including polysulfides, such as sulfurized olefins, thiadiazoles and thiadiazole adducts such as post treated dispersants.
- organo-sulfides including polysulfides, such as sulfurized olefins, thiadiazoles and thiadiazole adducts such as post treated dispersants.
- the organo-sulfide can be present in a range of 0 wt % to 6 wt %, 4 wt % to 6 wt %, 0.5 wt % to 3 wt %, 3 wt % to 5 wt %, 0 wt % to 1 wt %, 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt %, 1% to 3%, 2% to 3%, 3% to 4%, or 2% to 4% of the lubricating composition.
- the organosulfide may alternatively be a polysulfide. In one embodiment at least about 50 wt % of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides. In other embodiments at least about 55 wt %, or at least about 60 wt % of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides.
- the polysulfides include sulfurized or ganic polysulfides from oils, fatty acids or ester, olefins or polyolefins.
- Oils which may be sulfurized include natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or ali phatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
- natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or ali phatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
- Fatty acids include those that contain 8 to 30, or 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Ex amples of fatty acids include oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and tall oil. Sulfurized fatty acid esters prepared from mixed unsaturated fatty acid esters such as are obtained from ani mal fats and vegetable oils, including tall oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and fish oil.
- the polysulfide may also be derived from an olefin derived from a wide range of alkenes, typically having one or more double bonds.
- the olefins in one embodiment contain 3 to 30 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, olefins contain 3 to 16, or 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
- the sulfurized olefin includes an olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene, or mixtures thereof.
- the polysulfide comprises a polyolefin derived from polymerizing, by known techniques, an olefin as described above.
- the polysulfide includes dibutyl tetrasulfide, sul furized methyl ester of oleic acid, sulfurized alkylphenol, sulfurized dipentene, sulfu rized dicyclopentadiene, sulfurized terpene, and sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts; phos- phosulfurized hydrocarbons.
- Examples of a thiadiazole include 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligo mers thereof, a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole, a hydro- carbylthio-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
- oli gomers of hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole typically form by forming a sulfur-sulfur bond between 2,5-dimercapto-l,3-4-thiadiazole units to form oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units.
- Further examples of thiadiazole com pounds are found in WO 2008,094759, paragraphs 0088 through 0090.
- the disclosed technology in general provides a method of more substantially reducing friction/tr action and the roughness of a metal surface.
- the method includes placing the metal surface under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions in the presence of the lubricant, that is, providing to the metal surface the lubricant composition as described herein.
- boundary or mixed conditions means operating conditions under which the metal surface of a device is in such proximity to another surface that some physical contact between asperities on the metal surface and asperities on the other surface is possible during operation of the device.
- platcing the metal surface under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions it is meant that the metal surface of a device is subject to boundary or mixed conditions with another surface and the device is operated such that the boundary conditions exist.
- An example of placing a metal surface under boundary conditions includes the operation of a gear on a driveline device, in which the gears are in such close proximity that some physical contact of the gear surfaces is possible.
- the technology also provides a method of improving the operating temperatures of a gear at high load and low speed conditions, by lubricating the gears with the lubricant composition and operating the gear.
- the technology also provides a method of improving the operating efficiency of a gear, by lubricating the gear with the lubricant composition and operating the gear.
- the technology provides a method of improving the operating efficiency of a used gear, by lubricating the gear with the lubricant composition and operating the gear.
- used gear it means a gear that has been in operation in it intended application.
- an automotive gear employed in the operation of an automotive vehicle would be considered a used gear, or an industrial gear employed in its industrial application would be considered a used gear.
- the disclosed technology provides a method of lubricating a driveline device, comprising supplying thereto a lubricant composition as described herein, that is, a lubricant composition containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (c) a metal alkylthiophosphate, or in some instance, (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate, and (c) a metal alkylthiophosphate, and operating the driveline device for a sufficient period to allow the lubricant composition to reduce the friction/traction and roughness of metal surfaces on the driveline device in a controlled manner to a greater extent than a typical gear lubricant.
- a lubricant composition as described herein, that is, a lubricant composition containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (c) a metal alkylthiophosphate, or in some instance, (a) an oil of lubricating
- the driveline device may comprise a gear as in a gearbox of a vehicle (e.g., a manual transmission) or in an axle or differential, or in other driveline power transmitting driveline devices.
- the driveline device may also include bearings.
- Lubricated gears may include hypoid gears, such as those for example in a rear drive axle.
- the lubricant should be able to meet the other aspects expected of it in normal operation of the driveline device.
- the term“condensation product” is intended to encompass esters, amides, imides and other such materials that may be prepared by a condensation reaction of an acid or a reactive equivalent of an acid (e.g., an acid halide, anhydride, or ester) with an alcohol or amine, irrespective of whether a condensation reaction is actually performed to lead directly to the product.
- an acid e.g., an acid halide, anhydride, or ester
- an alcohol or amine irrespective of whether a condensation reaction is actually performed to lead directly to the product.
- a particular ester may be prepared by a transesterification reaction rather than directly by a condensation reaction.
- the resulting product is still considered a condensation product.
- each chemical component described is presented exclusive of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, that is, on an active chemical basis, unless otherwise indicated.
- each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade.
- hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
- hydrocarbyl groups include:
- hydrocarbon substituents that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
- aliphatic e.g., alkyl or alkenyl
- alicyclic e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl
- aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
- substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is, substituents containing non hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy);
- hetero substituents that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than car bon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
- Heteroatoms include sul fur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- no more than two, or no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; alternatively, there may be no non-hydrocarbon substitu ents in the hydrocarbyl group.
- stage 7 The reduction in entraining velocity from stage 1 to stage 6 takes the lubrication regime from hydrodynamic to boundary. As the entraining velocity decreases, the oil film thickness decreases, the asperity interaction increases, and the traction coefficient increases to a maximum in stage 6. In stage 7, the entrainment velocity increases to be identical to stage 4. The relative difference in traction between these conditions is one indicator that surface modification and roughness reduction has been achieved during stages 5 and 6 which are intended to operate in mixed and boundary contact. A reduction in traction coefficient from stage 4 to 7 is expected if roughness has been reduced.
- Samples 3 - 6 were evaluated on the WAM ball-on-disc test machine under identical conditions to those outlined for samples 1 and 2. While samples 1 and 2 were evaluated after only one cycle, samples 3 - 6 were evaluated by repeating the seven- stage procedure six times. Traction measurements were made at each stage and roughness measurements were made both within the contact zone and outside of the contact zone after all six cycles were completed. Traction measurements are recorded in the table below over all seven stages for both the first and the last cycle.
- Roughness reduction can be observed visually and measured/reported as a roughness change after 6 cycles.
- Table 6 below indicates the change in roughness of both the ball and the disc from beginning to the end of the test. Results reported in the table represent an average of six measurements made on the ball and disc parts. The greatest reduction in roughness is observed for sample 6.
- Samples 7-10 Additional traction data was gathered for Samples 7-10.
- Samples 7 and 8 are identical, except that sample 8 contains both a S-containing phos ester amine salt and ZDDP.
- Samples 9 and 10 are identical to each other, but Sample 10 contains both a S- free phos ester amine salt and ZDDP.
- MTM standard mini traction machine
- a frictional force of l .OGPa pressure was applied at a temperature of 140°C at a mean speed of 100 mm/s and 250% slide-to-roll ratio (SRR).
- Table 8 Traction coefficient data for samples 7 - 10 measured in MTM rig.
- testing included running steady state conditions before and after a conditioning period consisting of extended speed-load cycling.
- Steady state conditions consisted of one temperature (80C) at high and low pinion speeds and five loads (pinion torque).
- the gear conditioning period was divided into two stages. The first stage was conducted at 79°C, while the second stage was conducted at 93°C. Each stage was run at 11 different pinion speeds (approximately 250-3000 RPM) and seven different pinion torques (approximately 50-200 lb-ft).
- gear oil fluids containing ZDDP can also improve operating temperatures at high load, low speed conditions.
- a modified L-37 test was developed with controlled air flow instead of cooling water during the test phase. This allowed the test temperature to fluctuate as it would in operation rather than operate in a controlled manner as is typical of industry testing.
- test phase or phase 2 is modified from standard practice in D6121.
- the axle sump temperature direct control is removed, allowing the axle to float to any temperature below the operator safety shutoff of 190 °C.
- the axle is kept from reaching excessive temperatures by a constant velocity and trajectory of controlled air pushed over the axle and through the enclosure at 7.11 meters/second through an entry duct above the center housing with diameter of 15.24 centimeters.
- load is set to 13% contact stress reduction load setpoints specified in D6121-16a section A9.4 (1645Nm +- 34Nm) using a non-load-reduced axle batch to help further decrease risk of exceeding temperature limits without cooling water control. All other parameters and standards of this phase of the procedure are in accordance with relevant sections of ASTM D6121- 16a. Table 11. Fluid formulations for samples 11 - 12.
- Table 12 shows the results of these evaluations and confirms that use of ZDDP in a gear oil fluid results in a substantial decrease in operating temperature in the modified L-37 test. Both fluids show exceptional wear performance.
- transitional term“comprising,” which is synonymous with“including,”“containing,” or“characterized by,” is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements or method steps.
- the term also encompass, as alternative embodiments, the phrases“consisting essentially of’ and“consisting of,” where“consist ing of’ excludes any element or step not specified and“consisting essentially of’ permits the inclusion of additional un-recited elements or steps that do not materially affect the essential or basic and novel characteristics of the composition or method under consider- ation.
- the expression“consisting of’ or“consisting essentially of,” when applied to an element of a claim is intended to restrict all species of the type represented by that element, notwithstanding the presence of“comprising” elsewhere in the claim.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP23168061.2A EP4249576A3 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2019-11-06 | Lubricating composition for automotive or industrial gears and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US201862758729P | 2018-11-12 | 2018-11-12 | |
PCT/US2019/060013 WO2020101969A1 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2019-11-06 | Method of lubricating an automotive or industrial gear |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP23168061.2A Division EP4249576A3 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2019-11-06 | Lubricating composition for automotive or industrial gears and use thereof |
EP23168061.2A Division-Into EP4249576A3 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2019-11-06 | Lubricating composition for automotive or industrial gears and use thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3884016A1 true EP3884016A1 (en) | 2021-09-29 |
EP3884016B1 EP3884016B1 (en) | 2023-05-31 |
Family
ID=69159999
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19835960.6A Active EP3884016B1 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2019-11-06 | Lubricating composition for automotive or industrial gears and use thereof |
EP23168061.2A Pending EP4249576A3 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2019-11-06 | Lubricating composition for automotive or industrial gears and use thereof |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP23168061.2A Pending EP4249576A3 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2019-11-06 | Lubricating composition for automotive or industrial gears and use thereof |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210363456A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3884016B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022513000A (en) |
CN (1) | CN112996888A (en) |
CA (1) | CA3119741A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020101969A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA3229308A1 (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-02-23 | Brian B. Filippini | Method of lubricating an automotive or industrial gear |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3197405A (en) | 1962-07-09 | 1965-07-27 | Lubrizol Corp | Phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing compositions and process for preparing the same |
US3544465A (en) | 1968-06-03 | 1970-12-01 | Mobil Oil Corp | Esters of phosphorodithioates |
EP0686690B1 (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 2002-11-13 | Sanyo Chemical Industries Ltd. | Gear and transmission lubricant compositions of improved sludge-dispersibility. |
GB9521352D0 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1995-12-20 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Power transmitting fluids of improved antiwear performance |
WO2000023543A1 (en) * | 1998-10-19 | 2000-04-27 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating compositions with improved thermal stability and limited slip performance |
US7759294B2 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2010-07-20 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions |
US20080103072A1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2008-05-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Antiwear Containing Lubricating Composition |
US20080182770A1 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Antiwear Agent and Lubricating Compositions Thereof |
US8349778B2 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2013-01-08 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricating compositions having improved friction properties |
US11352582B2 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2022-06-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant with high pyrophosphate level |
US10316712B2 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2019-06-11 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Lubricant compositions for surface finishing of materials |
-
2019
- 2019-11-06 EP EP19835960.6A patent/EP3884016B1/en active Active
- 2019-11-06 US US17/291,412 patent/US20210363456A1/en active Pending
- 2019-11-06 CN CN201980073663.7A patent/CN112996888A/en active Pending
- 2019-11-06 JP JP2021525585A patent/JP2022513000A/en active Pending
- 2019-11-06 CA CA3119741A patent/CA3119741A1/en active Pending
- 2019-11-06 WO PCT/US2019/060013 patent/WO2020101969A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2019-11-06 EP EP23168061.2A patent/EP4249576A3/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3119741A1 (en) | 2020-05-22 |
US20210363456A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
EP4249576A3 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
WO2020101969A1 (en) | 2020-05-22 |
JP2022513000A (en) | 2022-02-07 |
EP4249576A2 (en) | 2023-09-27 |
CN112996888A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
EP3884016B1 (en) | 2023-05-31 |
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