CA3119741A1 - Method of lubricating an automotive or industrial gear - Google Patents
Method of lubricating an automotive or industrial gear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA3119741A1 CA3119741A1 CA3119741A CA3119741A CA3119741A1 CA 3119741 A1 CA3119741 A1 CA 3119741A1 CA 3119741 A CA3119741 A CA 3119741A CA 3119741 A CA3119741 A CA 3119741A CA 3119741 A1 CA3119741 A1 CA 3119741A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- amine
- lubricant composition
- alkyl
- phosphate
- lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione Chemical compound S=C1NNC(=S)S1 BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WSTNFGAKGUERTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNCC WSTNFGAKGUERTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 235000001508 sulfur Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229960005349 sulfur Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 14
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical group [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004920 4-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC(C)*)C 0.000 description 2
- AAIUWVOMXTVLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8,8-dimethylnonan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCCCN AAIUWVOMXTVLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBCJJAZGEJSVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Z)-18-methylnonadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CC(CCCCCCCC=C/CCCCCCCCN)C VBCJJAZGEJSVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTYXPKUPXPWHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(butyltetrasulfanyl)butane Chemical compound CCCCSSSSCCCC PTYXPKUPXPWHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIJIUJYANDSEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N QIJIUJYANDSEKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde Chemical group NC1=NC(Cl)=C(C=O)C(Cl)=N1 GOJUJUVQIVIZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3h-purine-6-thione Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=S)C=2N=CN1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYIFNHCXNCRBQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoadipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(N)CCCC(O)=O OYIFNHCXNCRBQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCC1CO1 NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- XGDOCEUIQYYJDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylheptan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)(C)N XGDOCEUIQYYJDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGNPXHJOMLPZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnonan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)(C)N IGNPXHJOMLPZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPNJYXKRHWAPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)N KPNJYXKRHWAPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004917 3-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C(C)*)C 0.000 description 1
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWRHSNKTSSIMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethylsulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CCSC1=NN=C(N)S1 VWRHSNKTSSIMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPULCTXGGDJCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCN LPULCTXGGDJCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLFKJPZBBCZWOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methyl-n,n-bis(8-methylnonyl)nonan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC(C)C)CCCCCCCC(C)C DLFKJPZBBCZWOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVIHVPUWTKUVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CCCCC)SP(=S)(OCCCCCC)[O-].[Ca+] Chemical compound C(CCCCC)SP(=S)(OCCCCCC)[O-].[Ca+] IVIHVPUWTKUVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LRTSMNHZEYWOGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CCCCCCCC)SP(=S)(OCCCCCCCCC)[O-].[Ba+] Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)SP(=S)(OCCCCCCCCC)[O-].[Ba+] LRTSMNHZEYWOGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FWVNVNLDZOTFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M C1(CCCCC1)SP(=S)(OC1CCCCC1)[O-].[Zn+] Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)SP(=S)(OC1CCCCC1)[O-].[Zn+] FWVNVNLDZOTFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101100172879 Caenorhabditis elegans sec-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCN WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTUVJUMINZSXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CNC1CCCCC1 XTUVJUMINZSXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MQHRCVXVEKBXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)SP(O)(O)=S MQHRCVXVEKBXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- LYYLWJOKAQADDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dihexadecylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LYYLWJOKAQADDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ICVFPLUSMYSIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCNCC ICVFPLUSMYSIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCNCCCCC JACMPVXHEARCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleic acid oleyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N oleyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940100684 pentylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHZWALZKPWZSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl oleate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC DHZWALZKPWZSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LVBXEMGDVWVTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-2-octenal Natural products CCCCCC=CC=O LVBXEMGDVWVTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRUBRZLLIMTXAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-yloxy-dioxido-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(CC(C)C)OP(=S)([O-])[O-].[Zn+2] FRUBRZLLIMTXAV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MGBAKHBYLVHINN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 4-methylpentan-2-yloxy-dioxido-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound P(=S)([O-])([O-])OC(CC(C)C)C.[Zn+2] MGBAKHBYLVHINN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AGBMDKDXTAPWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-ethylhexoxy-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C.CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C AGBMDKDXTAPWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GSYTTXJUAAICBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-ethylhexoxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C GSYTTXJUAAICBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WNBGUYXVNNDNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-methylpropoxy-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C.CC(C)COP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C WNBGUYXVNNDNEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YRRJZUFDLNBWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;3-methylbutoxy-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-oxido-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)CCOP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C.CC(C)CCOP([O-])(=S)SCC(C)C YRRJZUFDLNBWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- URFAALBJPSVFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;butan-2-yloxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C URFAALBJPSVFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JHWITEGDGVJLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;butoxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCOP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCCCOP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C JHWITEGDGVJLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ICTFVBQZBCTKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hexan-2-yloxy-oxido-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C.CCCCC(C)OP([O-])(=S)SC(C)C ICTFVBQZBCTKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/56—Boundary lubrication or thin film lubrication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The disclosed technology relates to a lubricant composition for automotive or industrial gears, as well as axles and bearings, the lubricant composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a metal alkylthiophosphate compound, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, as well as a method of obtaining extreme pressure performance in automotive or industrial gears, axles and bearings at lower sulfur content than is typical, by lubricating such automotive or industrial gears, axles and bearings with a lubricant composition containing a metal alkylthiophosphate compound, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
Description
TITLE
Method of Lubricating an Automotive or Industrial Gear BACKGROUND
[0001] The disclosed technology relates to a lubricant composition for automotive or industrial gears, as well as axles and bearings, the lubricant composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, a phosphate and/or thiophosphate compound, and a metal thiophosphate compound, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, as well as a method of improving automotive or industrial gear operating efficiency and temperature by lubricating such automotive or industrial gears with the lubricant composition.
Method of Lubricating an Automotive or Industrial Gear BACKGROUND
[0001] The disclosed technology relates to a lubricant composition for automotive or industrial gears, as well as axles and bearings, the lubricant composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, a phosphate and/or thiophosphate compound, and a metal thiophosphate compound, such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, as well as a method of improving automotive or industrial gear operating efficiency and temperature by lubricating such automotive or industrial gears with the lubricant composition.
[0002]
Driveline power transmitting devices (such as gears or transmissions) present highly challenging technological problems and solutions for satisfying the multiple and often conflicting lubricating requirements, while providing durability and cleanliness.
Driveline power transmitting devices (such as gears or transmissions) present highly challenging technological problems and solutions for satisfying the multiple and often conflicting lubricating requirements, while providing durability and cleanliness.
[0003] Improving operating efficiency is a common goal shared by both original equipment manufacturers and lubricant manufacturers.
Original equipment manufacturers may focus on using mechanical processing methods to reduce surface roughness in an effort to improve operating efficiency. These mechanical processing methods include honing, top polishing, and vibratory finishing. Alternatively, lubricant manufacturers often target optimizing viscosity and lowering fluid traction coefficients in their efforts to optimize operating efficiency. Current mechanical processing methods can be expensive and time consuming to implement for large scale automotive gear production. Therefore, there is a desire to improve operating efficiency by modifying fluid properties, instead of relying on mechanical processes to achieve this goal.
Original equipment manufacturers may focus on using mechanical processing methods to reduce surface roughness in an effort to improve operating efficiency. These mechanical processing methods include honing, top polishing, and vibratory finishing. Alternatively, lubricant manufacturers often target optimizing viscosity and lowering fluid traction coefficients in their efforts to optimize operating efficiency. Current mechanical processing methods can be expensive and time consuming to implement for large scale automotive gear production. Therefore, there is a desire to improve operating efficiency by modifying fluid properties, instead of relying on mechanical processes to achieve this goal.
[0004] US 10,316,712, granted Jun. 11, 2019 to Douglass et al., teaches the use of various additives to reduce the roughness of additive manufactured articles to maximize energy efficiency. The data in the '712 patent suggests that many different additives can function to reduce surface roughness, and in fact, that even an un-additized lubricant oil can reduce surface roughness. The '712 patent does not teach how to provide any other benefit to the lubricating oil, for example, such as providing the requisite performance in ASTM D7452, ASTM D6121, ASTM D4172 or ASTM D5704.
[0005] Therefore, a lubricant solution that can reduce surface roughness, reduce the fluid traction coefficient and/or improve fluid efficiency would be technically and commercially beneficial.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
[0006] The use of amine alkyl(thio)phosphate chemistry with metal alkylthiophosphate chemistry not common to gear oil use was found to be beneficial for reducing surface roughness and improving traction coefficient, resulting in improving efficiency and reducing operation temperatures.
[0007] One aspect of the technology is directed to a lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity, from 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate compound, and from 0.1 to 2 wt%, or 0.2 to 1.9 wt%, or 0.3 to 1 wt% of a metal alkylthiophosphate.
[0008] In embodiments, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can be simply an amine alkylphosphate. In other embodiments, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can be an amine alkylthiophosphate. In further embodiments, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can include a combination of both amine phosphate and amine alkylthiophosphate.
[0009] In an embodiment, the lubricant can include an amine phosphate that is a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt having at least about 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure. In some embodiments, at least about 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups in such a sulfur-free alkyl phosphate can be secondary alkyl groups of about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, at least about 25 mole percent of the alkyl groups in such a sulfur-free alkyl phosphate can be primary alkyl groups of about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms.
[0010] In embodiments, the amine alkylthiophosphate can be a dialkyldithiophosphate.
[0011] The metal alkylthiophosphate in the lubricant composition can include a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. In some embodiments, the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate can be a secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
[0012] The lubricant composition can also contain other additives.
In an embodiment, the lubricant composition can include sulfur containing additives in an amount to provide the composition with a total sulfur level of about 1 to about 5 or about 2 to about 5 wt%. In an embodiment, the lubricant composition can have a total phosphorus level of about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt%.
In an embodiment, the lubricant composition can include sulfur containing additives in an amount to provide the composition with a total sulfur level of about 1 to about 5 or about 2 to about 5 wt%. In an embodiment, the lubricant composition can have a total phosphorus level of about 0.01 to about 0.5 wt%.
[0013] Another aspect of the technology encompasses a method of lubricating a driveline device by supplying to the driveline device a lubricant composition as described, and operating the driveline device. The driveline device can be, for example, an axle, a bearing, a transmission or a gear.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] Various preferred features and embodiments will be described below by way of non-limiting illustration. One aspect of the invention is a lubricant composition for a driveline device containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) at least one amine alkyl(thio)phosphate, and (b) a metal alkylthiophosphate.
Oil of Lubricating Viscosity
Oil of Lubricating Viscosity
[0015] One component of the disclosed technology is an oil of lubricating viscosity, also referred to as a base oil. The base oil may be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V of the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guide-lines (2011), namely Base Oil Category Sulfur (%) Saturates (%) Viscosity Index Group I >0.03 and/or <90 80 to less than 120 Group II <0.03 and >90 80 to less than 120 Group III <0.03 and >90 >120 Group IV All polyalphaolefins (PA0s) Group V All others not included in Groups I, II, III or IV
[0016] Groups I, II and III are mineral oil base stocks. Other generally recognized categories of base oils may be used, even if not officially identified by the API: Group II+, referring to materials of Group II having a viscosity index of 110-119 and lower volatility than other Group II oils; and Group III+, referring to materials of Group III
having a viscosity index greater than or equal to 130. The oil of lubricating viscosity can include natural or synthetic oils and mixtures thereof. Mixture of mineral oil and synthetic oils, e.g., polyalphaolefin oils and/or polyester oils, may be used.
having a viscosity index greater than or equal to 130. The oil of lubricating viscosity can include natural or synthetic oils and mixtures thereof. Mixture of mineral oil and synthetic oils, e.g., polyalphaolefin oils and/or polyester oils, may be used.
[0017] In one embodiment the oil of lubricating viscosity has a kinematic viscosity at 100 C by ASTM D445 of 1.5 to 7.5, or 2 to 7, or 2.5 to 6.5, or 3 to 6 mm2/s. In one embodiment the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises a poly alpha olefin having a kine-matic viscotiy at 100 C by ASTM D445 of 1.5 to 7.5 or any of the other aforementioned ranges.
Amine Alkyl(Thio)Phosphates
Amine Alkyl(Thio)Phosphates
[0018] The lubricant of the disclosed technology will include at least one amine al-kyl(thio)phosphate. As used herein, the inclusion of "thio" in the parenthesis means that the phosphate may or may not contain sulfur atoms.
[0019] In one embodiment, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can include an amine phos-phate, that is, a phosphate that is substantially sulfur-free. By substantially sulfur free it is meant that sulfur is not intentionally added to the amine phosphate, and preferably the amine phosphate is completely free of sulfur. However, it is recognized that in production situations some sulfur contamination may occur, resulting in some sulfur in the amine phosphate. To the extent the amine phosphate contains some sulfur contamination, such contaminated compound will still be considered to be substantially sulfur free if the sulfur does not affect the basic characteristics of the amine phosphate. Generally, sulfur con-tamination levels may be less than 2.5%, or 1%, 0.1%, or 0.01% by weight to be consid-ered substantially sulfur free.
[0020] In an embodiment, the amine phosphate may include at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms in an alkyl pyrophosphate structure, as opposed to an orthophos-phate (or monomeric phosphate) structure. The percentage of phosphorus atoms in the pyrophosphate structure may be 30 to 100 mole %, or 40 to 90 % or 50 to 80% or 55 to 70 % or 55 to 65%. The remaining amount of the phosphorus atoms may be in an ortho-phosphate structure or may consist, in part, in unreacted phosphorus acid or other phos-phorus species. In one embodiment, up to 60 or up to 50 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in mono- or di-alkyl-orthophosphate salt structure.
[0021] In an embodiment, the amine phosphate, as present in the pyrophosphate form, may be represented in part by a half neutralized salt of formula (I) and/or a fully neutral-ized salt as in formula (II).
R1¨(D I (D¨R1 0 bH
(I)
R1¨(D I (D¨R1 0 bH
(I)
[0022] The extent of neutralization of the amine phosphate in practice, that is, the degree of salting of the ¨OH groups of the phosphorus esters, may be 50% to 100%, or 80% to 99%, or 90% to 98%, or 93% to 97%, or about 95%. Variants of these materials may also be present, such as a variant of formula (I) or formula (II) wherein the ¨OH
group (in (I) is replaced by another ¨OR' group or wherein one or more ¨OR' groups are replaced by ¨OH groups, or wherein an le group is replaced by a phosphorus-containing 5 group, that is, those comprising a third phosphorus structure in place of a terminal 10 group. Illustrative variant structures may include the following:
¨R1 Ri¨ I - I OH
R23NH+ +
R23NH+
R23NH+
R23NH+ R23NH
group (in (I) is replaced by another ¨OR' group or wherein one or more ¨OR' groups are replaced by ¨OH groups, or wherein an le group is replaced by a phosphorus-containing 5 group, that is, those comprising a third phosphorus structure in place of a terminal 10 group. Illustrative variant structures may include the following:
¨R1 Ri¨ I - I OH
R23NH+ +
R23NH+
R23NH+
R23NH+ R23NH
[0023] The structures of formulas (I) and (II) are shown as entirely sulfur-free species, in that the phosphorus atoms are bonded to oxygen, rather than sulfur atoms.
However, it is possible that a small molar fraction of the 0 atoms could be replaced by S
atoms, such as 0 to 5 percent or 0.1 to 4 percent or 0.2 to 3 percent or 0.5 to 2 percent.
However, it is possible that a small molar fraction of the 0 atoms could be replaced by S
atoms, such as 0 to 5 percent or 0.1 to 4 percent or 0.2 to 3 percent or 0.5 to 2 percent.
[0024] The pyrophosphate salts may be distinguished from orthophosphate salts of the general structure R1-0.7. I '0¨R1 R23NH+
which optionally may also be present in amounts as indicated above.
which optionally may also be present in amounts as indicated above.
[0025] The amine phosphate may also include some amount of partial esters including mono- and diesters of the orthophosphate structure and diesters of the pyrophosphate structure.
[0026] In formulas (I) and (II), each le is independently an alkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms. The alkyl groups may be primary or secondary groups, or a mixture of both primary and secondary. In certain embodiments at least 80 mole percent, or at least 85, 90, 95, or 99 percent, of the le alkyl groups will be secondary alkyl groups.
In certain embodiments at least 25 mole percent, or at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 or even 99 mole percent, of the le alkyl groups will be primary alkyl groups.
In certain embodiments at least 25 mole percent, or at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 or even 99 mole percent, of the le alkyl groups will be primary alkyl groups.
[0027] In some embodiments the alkyl groups will have 3 or 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or 3 to 8, or 4 to 6, or 5 to 10, or 6 to 8 carbon atoms. The alkyl groups can be straight chain, branched, cyclic or aromatic. Such groups include 2-butyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, and other such secondary groups and isomers thereof having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 carbon atoms as well as propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, phenethyl, and other such primary groups and isomers thereof having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments the alkyl group will have a methyl branch at the a-position of the group, an example being the 4-methyl-2-pentyl (also referred to as 4-methylpent-2-y1) group.
[0028] The amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may also be an amine alkylthiophosphate, wherein the alkylthiophosphate is represented by the formula (R'0)2PSSH, wherein each R' is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 3 to about 30, preferably from about 3 up to about 18, or from about 3 up to about 12, or from up to about 8 carbon atoms. Example R' groups can include isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, the various amyl, n-hexyl, methylisobutyl carbinyl, heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl, behenyl, decyl, dodecyl, and tridecyl groups. Illustrative lower alkylphenyl R' groups include butylphenyl, amylphenyl, heptylphenyl, etc. Examples of mixtures of R' groups include: 1-butyl and 1-octyl; 1-pentyl and 2-ethyl-1-hexyl; isobutyl and n-hexyl; isobutyl and isoamyl; 2-propyl and 2-methyl-4-pentyl; isopropyl and sec-butyl;
and isopropyl and isooctyl.
and isopropyl and isooctyl.
[0029] In one embodiment, the alkylthiophosphate of the amine alkylthiophosphate may be reacted with an epoxide or a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol. This reaction product may be used alone, or further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester. The epoxide is generally an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide.
Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide, etc. Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are preferred.
The polyhydric alcohols are described above. The glycols may be aliphatic glycols hav-ing from 2 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 6, or from 2 or 3 carbon atoms. Glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like. The alkylthiophosphate, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and methods of reacting the same are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,197,405 and 3,544,465 which are incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure to these.
Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide, etc. Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are preferred.
The polyhydric alcohols are described above. The glycols may be aliphatic glycols hav-ing from 2 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 6, or from 2 or 3 carbon atoms. Glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like. The alkylthiophosphate, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and methods of reacting the same are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,197,405 and 3,544,465 which are incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure to these.
[0030] Amine Component - The amine component of the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may be represented by R23NH, where each R2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group, or an ether-containing group, provided that at least one R2 group is a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group or an ether-containing group (that is, not NH3). Suitable hydrocarbyl amines include primary amines having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or 3 to 12, or 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine and isomers thereof, pentylamine and isomers thereof, hexylamine and isomers thereof, heptylamine and isomers thereof, octylamine and isomers thereof such as isooctylamine and 2-ethylhexylamine, as well as higher amines. Other primary amines include dodecylamine, fatty amines as n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine and oleylamine. Other useful fatty amines include commercially available fatty amines such as "Armeeng" amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Ill.), such as Armeeng C, Armeeng 0, Armeeng OL, Armeeng T, Armeeng HT, Armeeng S and Armeeng SD, wherein the letter designation relates to the fatty group, such as coco, oleyl, tallow, or stearyl groups.
[0031] Secondary amines that may be used include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methylethyl-amine, ethylbutyl amine, bi s-2-ethylhexyl amine, N-methyl-l-amino-cyclohexane, Armeeng 2C, and ethylamylamine. The secondary amines may be cyclic amines such as piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
[0032] Suitable tertiary amines include tri-n-butylamine, tri-n-octylamine, tri-decyl-amine, tri-laurylamine, tri-hexadecylamine, and dimethyloleylamine (Armeeng DMOD).
Triisodecylamine or tridecylamine and isomers thereof may be used.
Triisodecylamine or tridecylamine and isomers thereof may be used.
[0033] Examples of mixtures of amines include (i) an amine with 11 to 14 carbon atoms on tertiary alkyl primary groups, (ii) an amine with 14 to 18 carbon atoms on tertiary alkyl primary groups, or (iii) an amine with 18 to 22 carbon atoms on tertiary alkyl primary groups. Other examples of tertiary alkyl primary amines include tert-butylamine, tert-hexylamine, tert-octylamine (such as 1,1-dimethylhexylamine), tert-decylamine (such as 1,1-dimethyloctylamine), tertdodecylamine, tert-tetradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert-octadecylamine, tert-tetracosanylamine, and tert-octacosanyl-amine. In one embodiment a useful mixture of amines includes "Primene 81R" or "Primene JMT." Primene 81R and Primene JMT (both produced and sold by Rohm & Haas) may be mixtures of C11 to C14 tertiary alkyl primary amines and C18 to tertiary alkyl primary amines, respectively.
[0034] In other embodiments the amine may be an ester-containing amine such as an N-hydrocarbyl-substituted y- or 6-amino(thio)ester, which is therefore a secondary amine.
The ester-containing amine, may, for example, be prepared by Michael addition of a primary amine, typically having a branched hydrocarbyl group, with an ethylenically unsaturated ester or thio ester, or, for example, by reductive amination of the esters of 5-oxy substituted carboxylic acids or 5-oxy substituted thiocarboxylic acids.
They may also be prepared by amination of the esters of 5-halogen substituted carboxylic acids or 5-halogen substituted thiocarboxylic acids, or by reductive amination of the esters of 2-amino substituted hexanedioic acids, or by alkylation of the esters of 2-aminohexanedioic acids.
The ester-containing amine, may, for example, be prepared by Michael addition of a primary amine, typically having a branched hydrocarbyl group, with an ethylenically unsaturated ester or thio ester, or, for example, by reductive amination of the esters of 5-oxy substituted carboxylic acids or 5-oxy substituted thiocarboxylic acids.
They may also be prepared by amination of the esters of 5-halogen substituted carboxylic acids or 5-halogen substituted thiocarboxylic acids, or by reductive amination of the esters of 2-amino substituted hexanedioic acids, or by alkylation of the esters of 2-aminohexanedioic acids.
[0035] The amine, of whatever type, will be reacted to neutralize the acidic group(s) on the phosphorus ester component, to prepare the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate.
[0036] In an embodiment, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may be a phosphate amine of formulas (I) or (II), or variants thereof, with the amine being 2-ethylhexylamine.
[0037] In an embodiment, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may be an amine phosphate of formulas (I) or (II), or variants thereof, with the amine being an N-hydrocarbyl-substi-tuted y¨ or 6¨amino(thio)ester.
[0038] In one embodiment the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can be an amine alkylthio-phosphate that is the reaction product of a Ci4 to Ci8 alkylated dialkyldithiophosphoric acid with Primene 81RTM (produced and sold by Rohm & Haas) which is a mixture of C11 to Ci4 tertiary alkyl primary amines.
[0039] In embodiments, the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate can include combinations of amine phosphates, combinations of amine alkylthiophosphates, and combinations of amine phosphates with amine alkylthiophosphates.
[0040] The amount of amine alkyl(thio)phosphate in the lubricant composition may be 0.01 to 5 percent by weight. Alternative amounts of the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate may be 0.2 to 3 percent, or 0.2 to 1.2 percent, or 0.5 to 2.0 percent, or 0.55 to 1.4 percent, or 0.6 to 1.3 percent, or 0.7 to 1.2, or 1 to 2, or even 1.5 to 2, or 1.2 to 1.8 percent by weight or even from 1.8 to 2.2 percent by weight. The amount may be suitable to provide phosphorus to the lubricant formulation in an amount of 200 to 3000 parts per million by weight (ppm), or 400 to 2000 ppm, or 300 to 2000, or 600 to 1500 ppm, or 700 to 1100 ppm, or 900 to 1900, or 1100 to 1800 ppm, or 1200 to 1600 ppm or 1500 to 2000 ppm.
[0041]
It will be understood by the skilled person that the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate will typically comprise a mixture of various individual chemical species.
Reference herein to an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate will be understood by those of ordinary skill to encom-pass mixtures of such compounds as may be prepared by the described syntheses.
The Metal Alkylthiophosphate Compound
It will be understood by the skilled person that the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate will typically comprise a mixture of various individual chemical species.
Reference herein to an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate will be understood by those of ordinary skill to encom-pass mixtures of such compounds as may be prepared by the described syntheses.
The Metal Alkylthiophosphate Compound
[0042]
The lubricant composition will further include a metal alkylthiophosphate compound. The metal alkylthiophosphate compound can be represented by the formula:
/
wherein R25 and R26 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl groups or mixtures thereof, provided that at least one of R25 and R26 is a hydrocarbyl group, preferably an alkyl or cycloalkyl with 1 to 30, or 2 to 20 and in some cases 2 to 15 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, R25 and R26 can be secondary alkyl groups of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or even from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, those derived from 4-methylpentan-2-ol or isopropanol.
The lubricant composition will further include a metal alkylthiophosphate compound. The metal alkylthiophosphate compound can be represented by the formula:
/
wherein R25 and R26 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl groups or mixtures thereof, provided that at least one of R25 and R26 is a hydrocarbyl group, preferably an alkyl or cycloalkyl with 1 to 30, or 2 to 20 and in some cases 2 to 15 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, R25 and R26 can be secondary alkyl groups of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or even from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, those derived from 4-methylpentan-2-ol or isopropanol.
[0043]
M is a metal, and n is an integer equal to the available valence of M. M is mono- or di- or trivalent, preferably divalent, more preferably a divalent transition metal, and most preferably zinc.
M is a metal, and n is an integer equal to the available valence of M. M is mono- or di- or trivalent, preferably divalent, more preferably a divalent transition metal, and most preferably zinc.
[0044]
Examples of metal alkylthiophosphates include zinc isopropyl methyl-amyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl isooctyl dithiophosphate, zinc di(cyclohexyl)di-thiophosphate, zinc isobutyl 2-ethylhexyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl 2-ethylhexyl dithiophosphate, zinc isobutyl isoamyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl n-butyl dithio-phosphate, calcium di(hexyl)dithiophosphate, barium di(nonyl)dithiophosphate, zinc di(isobutyl) dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl secondary-butyl dithiophosphate, zinc iso-propyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl 4-methylpentan-2-ol dithiophosphate, zinc 4-methylpentan-2-ol dithiophosphate or mixtures thereof.
Examples of metal alkylthiophosphates include zinc isopropyl methyl-amyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl isooctyl dithiophosphate, zinc di(cyclohexyl)di-thiophosphate, zinc isobutyl 2-ethylhexyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl 2-ethylhexyl dithiophosphate, zinc isobutyl isoamyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl n-butyl dithio-phosphate, calcium di(hexyl)dithiophosphate, barium di(nonyl)dithiophosphate, zinc di(isobutyl) dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl secondary-butyl dithiophosphate, zinc iso-propyl dithiophosphate, zinc isopropyl 4-methylpentan-2-ol dithiophosphate, zinc 4-methylpentan-2-ol dithiophosphate or mixtures thereof.
[0045]
The metal alkylthiophosphate may be a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates may be described as primary zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or as secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, depending on the structure of the alcohol used in its preparation. In some embodiments the lubricant composition can include a primary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. In some embodiments the lubricant composition can in-clude a secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. In some embodiments the lubricant 5 composition can include a mixture of primary and secondary zinc dialkyldithiophos-phates.
The metal alkylthiophosphate may be a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates may be described as primary zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or as secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, depending on the structure of the alcohol used in its preparation. In some embodiments the lubricant composition can include a primary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. In some embodiments the lubricant composition can in-clude a secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. In some embodiments the lubricant 5 composition can include a mixture of primary and secondary zinc dialkyldithiophos-phates.
[0046]
Metal from the metal alkylthiophosphate, such as zinc, may be supplied at a concentration of from about 0.02 to about 0.095 wt% zinc, or from about 0.025 to 0.085 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.075 wt% zinc. Such levels may be associated 10 with a metal alkylthiophosphate concentration of from about 0.2 to about 0.8 wt%, of from about 0.25 to 0.75 wt%, or even from about 0.3 to about 0.70 wt%.
Metal from the metal alkylthiophosphate, such as zinc, may be supplied at a concentration of from about 0.02 to about 0.095 wt% zinc, or from about 0.025 to 0.085 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.075 wt% zinc. Such levels may be associated 10 with a metal alkylthiophosphate concentration of from about 0.2 to about 0.8 wt%, of from about 0.25 to 0.75 wt%, or even from about 0.3 to about 0.70 wt%.
[0047]
Metal from the metal alkylthiophosphate, such as zinc, may also be sup-plied at a concentration of from about 0.02 to about 0.2 wt% zinc, or from about 0.025 to 0.19 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.18 wt% zinc. Such levels may be associated with a metal alkylthiophosphate concentration of from about 0.2 to about 2 wt%, or from about 0.25 to 1.9 wt%, or even from about 0.3 to about 1.8 wt%.
Metal from the metal alkylthiophosphate, such as zinc, may also be sup-plied at a concentration of from about 0.02 to about 0.2 wt% zinc, or from about 0.025 to 0.19 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.18 wt% zinc. Such levels may be associated with a metal alkylthiophosphate concentration of from about 0.2 to about 2 wt%, or from about 0.25 to 1.9 wt%, or even from about 0.3 to about 1.8 wt%.
[0048]
In embodiments, the metal alkylthiophosphate can provide from 0.01 or from 0.02 to about 0.095 wt% phosphorus, or from about 0.025 to 0.085 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.075 wt% phosphorus.
In embodiments, the metal alkylthiophosphate can provide from 0.01 or from 0.02 to about 0.095 wt% phosphorus, or from about 0.025 to 0.085 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.075 wt% phosphorus.
[0049] In embodiments, the metal alkylthiophosphate can provide from 0.01 or from 0.02 to about 0.2 wt% phosphorus, or from about 0.025 to 0.19 wt%, or even from about 0.03 to about 0.18 wt% phosphorus.
Other Additives
Other Additives
[0050] The lubricant composition can also contain other sulfur containing compounds, such as, for example, organo-sulfides, including polysulfides, such as sulfurized olefins, thiadiazoles and thiadiazole adducts such as post treated dispersants.
[0051]
The organo-sulfide can be present in a range of 0 wt % to 6 wt %, 4 wt % to 6 wt %, 0.5 wt % to 3 wt %, 3 wt % to 5 wt %, 0 wt % to 1 wt %, 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt %, 1% to 3%, 2% to 3%, 3% to 4%, or 2% to 4% of the lubricating composition.
The organo-sulfide can be present in a range of 0 wt % to 6 wt %, 4 wt % to 6 wt %, 0.5 wt % to 3 wt %, 3 wt % to 5 wt %, 0 wt % to 1 wt %, 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt %, 1% to 3%, 2% to 3%, 3% to 4%, or 2% to 4% of the lubricating composition.
[0052]
The organosulfide may alternatively be a polysulfide. In one embodiment at least about 50 wt % of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides.
In other embodiments at least about 55 wt %, or at least about 60 wt % of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides. The polysulfides include sulfurized or-ganic polysulfides from oils, fatty acids or ester, olefins or polyolefins.
The organosulfide may alternatively be a polysulfide. In one embodiment at least about 50 wt % of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides.
In other embodiments at least about 55 wt %, or at least about 60 wt % of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides. The polysulfides include sulfurized or-ganic polysulfides from oils, fatty acids or ester, olefins or polyolefins.
[0053] Oils which may be sulfurized include natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or ali-phatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
[0054] Fatty acids include those that contain 8 to 30, or 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Ex-amples of fatty acids include oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and tall oil.
Sulfurized fatty acid esters prepared from mixed unsaturated fatty acid esters such as are obtained from ani-mal fats and vegetable oils, including tall oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and fish oil.
Sulfurized fatty acid esters prepared from mixed unsaturated fatty acid esters such as are obtained from ani-mal fats and vegetable oils, including tall oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and fish oil.
[0055] The polysulfide may also be derived from an olefin derived from a wide range of alkenes, typically having one or more double bonds. The olefins in one embodiment contain 3 to 30 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, olefins contain 3 to 16, or 3 to 9 carbon atoms. In one embodiment the sulfurized olefin includes an olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the polysulfide comprises a polyolefin derived from polymerizing, by known techniques, an olefin as described above. In one embodiment the polysulfide includes dibutyl tetrasulfide, sul-furized methyl ester of oleic acid, sulfurized alkylphenol, sulfurized dipentene, sulfu-rized dicyclopentadiene, sulfurized terpene, and sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts; phos-phosulfurized hydrocarbons.
[0056] Examples of a thiadiazole include 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligo-mers thereof, a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole, a hydro-carbylthio-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
The oh-gomers of hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole typically form by forming a sulfur-sulfur bond between 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole units to form oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units. Further examples of thiadiazole com-pounds are found in WO 2008,094759, paragraphs 0088 through 0090.
The oh-gomers of hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole typically form by forming a sulfur-sulfur bond between 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole units to form oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units. Further examples of thiadiazole com-pounds are found in WO 2008,094759, paragraphs 0088 through 0090.
[0057] The disclosed technology in general provides a method of more substantially reducing friction/traction and the roughness of a metal surface. The method includes placing the metal surface under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions in the presence of the lubricant, that is, providing to the metal surface the lubricant composition as described herein. The term "boundary or mixed conditions" means operating conditions under which the metal surface of a device is in such proximity to another surface that some physical contact between asperities on the metal surface and asperities on the other surface is possible during operation of the device.
Thus, by "placing the metal surface under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions" it is meant that the metal surface of a device is subject to boundary or mixed conditions with another surface and the device is operated such that the boundary conditions exist. An example of placing a metal surface under boundary conditions includes the operation of a gear on a driveline device, in which the gears are in such close proximity that some physical contact of the gear surfaces is possible.
Thus, by "placing the metal surface under boundary or mixed lubrication conditions" it is meant that the metal surface of a device is subject to boundary or mixed conditions with another surface and the device is operated such that the boundary conditions exist. An example of placing a metal surface under boundary conditions includes the operation of a gear on a driveline device, in which the gears are in such close proximity that some physical contact of the gear surfaces is possible.
[0058] The technology also provides a method of improving the operating temperatures of a gear at high load and low speed conditions, by lubricating the gears with the lubricant composition and operating the gear.
[0059] The technology also provides a method of improving the operating efficiency of a gear, by lubricating the gear with the lubricant composition and operating the gear. In particular, the technology provides a method of improving the operating efficiency of a used gear, by lubricating the gear with the lubricant composition and operating the gear. By "used gear" it means a gear that has been in operation in it intended application. For example, an automotive gear employed in the operation of an automotive vehicle would be considered a used gear, or an industrial gear employed in its industrial application would be considered a used gear.
[0060] In particular, the disclosed technology provides a method of lubricating a driveline device, comprising supplying thereto a lubricant composition as described herein, that is, a lubricant composition containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (c) a metal alkylthiophosphate, or in some instance, (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate, and (c) a metal alkylthiophosphate, and operating the driveline device for a sufficient period to allow the lubricant composition to reduce the friction/traction and roughness of metal surfaces on the driveline device in a controlled manner to a greater extent than a typical gear lubricant. This reduction in surface roughness can be visually observed, or deduced in other ways, such as by a measured reduction in traction coefficient between two metal surfaces in the device, or by efficiency measurements on the driveline device before and after operation with the lubricant composition.
[0061] The driveline device may comprise a gear as in a gearbox of a vehicle (e.g., a manual transmission) or in an axle or differential, or in other driveline power transmitting driveline devices. The driveline device may also include bearings.
Lubricated gears may include hypoid gears, such as those for example in a rear drive axle.
Lubricated gears may include hypoid gears, such as those for example in a rear drive axle.
[0062] The lubricant should be able to meet the other aspects expected of it in normal operation of the driveline device.
[0063] As used herein, the term "condensation product" is intended to encompass esters, amides, imides and other such materials that may be prepared by a condensation reaction of an acid or a reactive equivalent of an acid (e.g., an acid halide, anhydride, or ester) with an alcohol or amine, irrespective of whether a condensation reaction is actually performed to lead directly to the product. Thus, for example, a particular ester may be prepared by a transesterification reaction rather than directly by a condensation reaction.
The resulting product is still considered a condensation product.
The resulting product is still considered a condensation product.
[0064] The amount of each chemical component described is presented exclusive of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, that is, on an active chemical basis, unless otherwise indicated.
However, unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade.
However, unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade.
[0065] As used herein, the term "hydrocarbyl substituent" or "hydrocarbyl group"
is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include:
= hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
= substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy);
= hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than car-bon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl. Heteroatoms include sul-fur, oxygen, and nitrogen. In general, no more than two, or no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; alternatively, there may be no non-hydrocarbon substitu-ents in the hydrocarbyl group.
is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include:
= hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
= substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy);
= hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than car-bon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl. Heteroatoms include sul-fur, oxygen, and nitrogen. In general, no more than two, or no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; alternatively, there may be no non-hydrocarbon substitu-ents in the hydrocarbyl group.
[0066]
It is known that some of the materials described herein may interact in the final formulation, so that the components of the final formulation may be different from those that are initially added. For instance, metal ions (of, e.g., a detergent) can migrate to other acidic or anionic sites of other molecules. The products formed thereby, including the products formed upon employing the composition of the present invention in its intended use, may not be susceptible of easy description. Nevertheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention; the present invention encompasses the composition prepared by admixing the components described above.
It is known that some of the materials described herein may interact in the final formulation, so that the components of the final formulation may be different from those that are initially added. For instance, metal ions (of, e.g., a detergent) can migrate to other acidic or anionic sites of other molecules. The products formed thereby, including the products formed upon employing the composition of the present invention in its intended use, may not be susceptible of easy description. Nevertheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention; the present invention encompasses the composition prepared by admixing the components described above.
[0067] The invention herein may be better understood with reference to the following examples.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
[0068]
Three fluids were evaluated in a bench screen test procedure developed and conducted by Wedeven Associates on a WAM ball-on-disc test machine. A
commercially available 80W-90 fluid and two additional fluids formulated as oils were evaluated. Samples 1 and 2 were prepared according to the recipe in Table 1.
Testing was completed under ambient conditions with a changing speed profile to allow gradual reduction in the lubricant film from hydrodynamic to boundary. A
single stress (160ksi) was maintained over the range of speeds. Traction coefficients were measured for each fluid in duplicate over seven stages.
Table 1. ¨ Sample formulations 1-2.
Sample 1 Sample 2 Synthetic basestock 75.4 75.4 Olefin copolymer 14.6 14.6 Succinimide dispersant 1.32 1.32
Three fluids were evaluated in a bench screen test procedure developed and conducted by Wedeven Associates on a WAM ball-on-disc test machine. A
commercially available 80W-90 fluid and two additional fluids formulated as oils were evaluated. Samples 1 and 2 were prepared according to the recipe in Table 1.
Testing was completed under ambient conditions with a changing speed profile to allow gradual reduction in the lubricant film from hydrodynamic to boundary. A
single stress (160ksi) was maintained over the range of speeds. Traction coefficients were measured for each fluid in duplicate over seven stages.
Table 1. ¨ Sample formulations 1-2.
Sample 1 Sample 2 Synthetic basestock 75.4 75.4 Olefin copolymer 14.6 14.6 Succinimide dispersant 1.32 1.32
69 PCT/US2019/060013 Substituted thiadiazole 0.6 0.6 Phosphoric acid ester/amine salt 1.2 1.2 Dialkyl hydrogen phosphate 0.2 0.2 Substituted triazole 0.05 0.05 Sulfurized olefin A 4.5 Sulfurized olefin B 4.5 Secondary ZDDP 0.31 Glycerol ester 0.2 KV at 40 C 65.48 60.89 KV at 100 C 11.53 10.95 P, ppm 1210 1474 S, ppm 21080 24830 Zn, ppm 377 Test conditions were:
Ball: Carburised 4320, Ra 13 ii-inch Disc: Carburised 4320, Ra 15 ii-inch Entraining velocity per stage, 7 stages per cycle: 9, 5, 2.5, 0.6, 0.1, 0.06, 0.6 m/sec 5 Run time for each cycle: 3200 seconds Slip/skew: 75%/41 Stress: 160 ksi [0069] All tests were run in duplicate and the average of the two runs is reported 10 in the table below. The reduction in entraining velocity from stage 1 to stage 6 takes the lubrication regime from hydrodynamic to boundary. As the entraining velocity decreases, the oil film thickness decreases, the asperity interaction increases, and the traction coefficient increases to a maximum in stage 6. In stage 7, the entrainment velocity increases to be identical to stage 4. The relative difference in traction between 15 these conditions is one indicator that surface modification and roughness reduction has been achieved during stages 5 and 6 which are intended to operate in mixed and boundary contact. A reduction in traction coefficient from stage 4 to 7 is expected if roughness has been reduced.
Table 2. Traction coefficients Stage I stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Commercial 0.029 0.04 0.057 0.097 0.107 0.109 0.094 Sample 1 0.057 0.075 0.09 0.101 0.106 0.109 0.1 Sample 2 0.043 0.051 0.064 0.09 0.112 0.127 0.083
Ball: Carburised 4320, Ra 13 ii-inch Disc: Carburised 4320, Ra 15 ii-inch Entraining velocity per stage, 7 stages per cycle: 9, 5, 2.5, 0.6, 0.1, 0.06, 0.6 m/sec 5 Run time for each cycle: 3200 seconds Slip/skew: 75%/41 Stress: 160 ksi [0069] All tests were run in duplicate and the average of the two runs is reported 10 in the table below. The reduction in entraining velocity from stage 1 to stage 6 takes the lubrication regime from hydrodynamic to boundary. As the entraining velocity decreases, the oil film thickness decreases, the asperity interaction increases, and the traction coefficient increases to a maximum in stage 6. In stage 7, the entrainment velocity increases to be identical to stage 4. The relative difference in traction between 15 these conditions is one indicator that surface modification and roughness reduction has been achieved during stages 5 and 6 which are intended to operate in mixed and boundary contact. A reduction in traction coefficient from stage 4 to 7 is expected if roughness has been reduced.
Table 2. Traction coefficients Stage I stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Commercial 0.029 0.04 0.057 0.097 0.107 0.109 0.094 Sample 1 0.057 0.075 0.09 0.101 0.106 0.109 0.1 Sample 2 0.043 0.051 0.064 0.09 0.112 0.127 0.083
[0070] Roughness measurements were made at three locations for each run (6 measurements were recorded in total as each fluid was run twice) both within and outside of the contact zone. From these measurements an average % change was calculated inside the contact zone vs outside the contact zone. The averages are reported in the table below.
The largest roughness reduction was recorded for Sample 2 containing the ZDDP.
Table 3. Roughness reduction Ball Disc Commercial 11 22 Sample 1 32 24 Sample 2 53 49
The largest roughness reduction was recorded for Sample 2 containing the ZDDP.
Table 3. Roughness reduction Ball Disc Commercial 11 22 Sample 1 32 24 Sample 2 53 49
[0071] Because the viscosity grade for the commercial sample is not the same as the viscosity grades of Samples 1 and 2, and there were multiple formulation changes made between samples 1 and 2, additional work was carried out to help pinpoint what the main cause of the observed results could be attributed to. Samples 3 through 6 were prepared to help isolate some of the differences between fluids 1 and 2 and to determine if the nature of the phosphorus ester amine salt would have an impact on the traction coefficient. The formulations were simplified compared to Samples 1 and 2 and all fluids were formulated to have a target kinematic viscosity of 5.9c5t.
Table 4. Fluid formulations for samples 3-6.
Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 Synthetic base stock 82.1 82.1 82.1 82.1 100cSt PAO 12 12 12 12 Sulfurized olefin 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 Substituted thiadiazole 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 S-free phos ester amine salt 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 S-containing phos ester 0.7 0.7 amine salt Glycerol ester 2 Low molecular weight 0.6 secondary ZDDP
KV at 40 C 28.66 28.83 29.54 28.63 KV at 100 C 5.899 5.916 5.969 5.887 P, ppm 1173 1223 1228 1256 5, ppm 19768 20935 20446 21046 Zn, ppm 707
Table 4. Fluid formulations for samples 3-6.
Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 Synthetic base stock 82.1 82.1 82.1 82.1 100cSt PAO 12 12 12 12 Sulfurized olefin 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 Substituted thiadiazole 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 S-free phos ester amine salt 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 S-containing phos ester 0.7 0.7 amine salt Glycerol ester 2 Low molecular weight 0.6 secondary ZDDP
KV at 40 C 28.66 28.83 29.54 28.63 KV at 100 C 5.899 5.916 5.969 5.887 P, ppm 1173 1223 1228 1256 5, ppm 19768 20935 20446 21046 Zn, ppm 707
[0072] Samples 3 ¨ 6 were evaluated on the WAM ball-on-disc test machine under identical conditions to those outlined for samples 1 and 2. While samples 1 and 2 were evaluated after only one cycle, samples 3 ¨ 6 were evaluated by repeating the seven-stage procedure six times. Traction measurements were made at each stage and roughness measurements were made both within the contact zone and outside of the contact zone after all six cycles were completed. Traction measurements are recorded in the table below over all seven stages for both the first and the last cycle.
Table 5. Traction coefficients for samples 3-6.
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Cycle 1 0.082 0.088 0.096 0.107 0.11 0.113 0.105 Cycle 6 0.053 0.069 0.087 0.104 0.108 0.111 0.102 Sample 3 13/0 Change -36 -22 -10 -3 -2 -2 -3 Cycle 1 0.07 0.072 0.093 0.108 0.113 0.115 0.107 Cycle 6 0.05 0.066 0.085 0.102 0.106 0.111 0.102 Sample 4 % Change -29 -9 -9 -6 -6 -3 -5 Cycle 1 0.085 0.082 0.092 0.102 0.104 0.105 0.101 Cycle 6 0.048 0.069 0.085 0.1 0.104 0.105 0.1 Sample 5 % Change -44 -16 -8 -2 0 0 -1 Cycle 1 0.067 0.066 0.069 0.093 0.11 0.126 0.088 Cycle 6 0.025 0.034 0.045 0.066 0.084 0.109 0.064 Sample 6 % Change -62 -49 -35 -29 -23 -13 -28
Table 5. Traction coefficients for samples 3-6.
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Stage 7 Cycle 1 0.082 0.088 0.096 0.107 0.11 0.113 0.105 Cycle 6 0.053 0.069 0.087 0.104 0.108 0.111 0.102 Sample 3 13/0 Change -36 -22 -10 -3 -2 -2 -3 Cycle 1 0.07 0.072 0.093 0.108 0.113 0.115 0.107 Cycle 6 0.05 0.066 0.085 0.102 0.106 0.111 0.102 Sample 4 % Change -29 -9 -9 -6 -6 -3 -5 Cycle 1 0.085 0.082 0.092 0.102 0.104 0.105 0.101 Cycle 6 0.048 0.069 0.085 0.1 0.104 0.105 0.1 Sample 5 % Change -44 -16 -8 -2 0 0 -1 Cycle 1 0.067 0.066 0.069 0.093 0.11 0.126 0.088 Cycle 6 0.025 0.034 0.045 0.066 0.084 0.109 0.064 Sample 6 % Change -62 -49 -35 -29 -23 -13 -28
[0073] Comparisons can be made for each fluid between cycle 1 data at a given stage and cycle 6 data at the same stage also, this describes the repeated roughness reduction from the lubricant over more cycles. The % change reported in the table represents this change in traction coefficient between cycle 1 and 6 and again shows sample 6 to be superior to samples 3-5. The addition of friction modifier has little influence on the traction results of sample 5 compared to sample 4.
[0074] Roughness reduction can be observed visually and measured/reported as a roughness change after 6 cycles. Table 6 below indicates the change in roughness of both the ball and the disc from beginning to the end of the test. Results reported in the table represent an average of six measurements made on the ball and disc parts. The greatest reduction in roughness is observed for sample 6.
Table 6. - Roughness change after six cycles.
Ball Disc Sample 3 21 37 Sample 4 36 30 Sample 5 34 30 Sample 6 59 42
Table 6. - Roughness change after six cycles.
Ball Disc Sample 3 21 37 Sample 4 36 30 Sample 5 34 30 Sample 6 59 42
[0075] Additional traction data was gathered for Samples 7-10. Samples 7 and 8 are identical, except that sample 8 contains both a S-containing phos ester amine salt and ZDDP. Samples 9 and 10 are identical to each other, but Sample 10 contains both a S-free phos ester amine salt and ZDDP. These samples were analyzed using a standard mini-traction machine (MTM). A frictional force of 1.0GPa pressure was applied at a temperature of 140 C at a mean speed of 100 mm/s and 250% slide-to-roll ratio (SRR).
Table 7. Fluid formulations for samples 7 - 10.
Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10 Olefin copolymer 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 Sulfurized olefin 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Succinimide dispersant 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 Substituted thiadiazole 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Glycerol ester 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 S-containing phos ester amine 1.2 1.2 salt S-free phos ester amine salt 1.2 1.2 Low molecular weight secondary 0.31 0.31 ZDDP
Oil of lubricating viscosity Sum to 100 Sum to 100 Sum to 100 Sum to 100 P, ppm 1336 1013 1006 5, ppm 22300 21500 20700 Zn, ppm 369 336
Table 7. Fluid formulations for samples 7 - 10.
Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10 Olefin copolymer 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 Sulfurized olefin 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Succinimide dispersant 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32 Substituted thiadiazole 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Glycerol ester 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 S-containing phos ester amine 1.2 1.2 salt S-free phos ester amine salt 1.2 1.2 Low molecular weight secondary 0.31 0.31 ZDDP
Oil of lubricating viscosity Sum to 100 Sum to 100 Sum to 100 Sum to 100 P, ppm 1336 1013 1006 5, ppm 22300 21500 20700 Zn, ppm 369 336
[0076] Traction coefficients were recorded over time. A subset of the data is reported in the table below. Note that early in the test, traction coefficients for all fluids are relatively similar, however, over longer time periods, the results begin to diverge.
Samples 8 and 10 containing ZDDP show a large reduction in traction coefficient over time, while the traction coefficients of Samples 7 and 9 stay relatively constant over the course of the entire test.
Table 8. Traction coefficient data for samples 7 - 10 measured in MTM rig.
Time (s) Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10 250 0.1506 0.1563 0.1397 0.1449 500 0.1481 0.1581 0.1415 0.1467 1000 0.1499 0.1581 0.1417 0.1495 2000 0.1509 0.1523 0.1399 0.1445 12250 0.1465 0.0595 0.1373 0.1062 12500 0.1473 0.0582 0.138 0.106 13000 0.1485 0.0576 0.1379 0.104 14000 0.1506 0.0552 0.1373 0.1029
Samples 8 and 10 containing ZDDP show a large reduction in traction coefficient over time, while the traction coefficients of Samples 7 and 9 stay relatively constant over the course of the entire test.
Table 8. Traction coefficient data for samples 7 - 10 measured in MTM rig.
Time (s) Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10 250 0.1506 0.1563 0.1397 0.1449 500 0.1481 0.1581 0.1415 0.1467 1000 0.1499 0.1581 0.1417 0.1495 2000 0.1509 0.1523 0.1399 0.1445 12250 0.1465 0.0595 0.1373 0.1062 12500 0.1473 0.0582 0.138 0.106 13000 0.1485 0.0576 0.1379 0.104 14000 0.1506 0.0552 0.1373 0.1029
[0077] While the stressing conditions that the oils were subjected to were very different in the Wedeven testing vs. the MTM testing, the outcome was the same. Under both sets of conditions, fluids containing both an amine phosphate and a ZDDP
demonstrated lower traction coefficients over time compared to fluids containing only an amine phosphate.
demonstrated lower traction coefficients over time compared to fluids containing only an amine phosphate.
[0078] At Wedeven, axle efficiency for Sample 2 was measured on a used axle (medium duty axle with 25000 miles service). Testing included running steady state conditions before and after a conditioning period consisting of extended speed-load cycling. Steady state conditions consisted of one temperature (80C) at high and low pinion speeds and five loads (pinion torque). The gear conditioning period was divided into two stages. The first stage was conducted at 79 C, while the second stage was conducted at 93 C. Each stage was run at 11 different pinion speeds (approximately 250-3000 RPM) and seven different pinion torques (approximately 50-200 lb-ft).
These extended speed and load conditions allow reduced friction on the already broken-in-axle if the lubricant were capable of further reducing surface roughness. The pre-extended phase and post extended phase comparisons are shown in the table below. Across all conditions with the exception of the lowest load, higher speed condition, there is a marked benefit to operating efficiency after the extended speed-load procedure. The gains are significant in an already efficient operating environment and indicate that despite significant use in the field, the lubricant was able to further improve efficiency by a further reduction in surface roughness during the conditioning phase.
Table 9. - Efficiency change.
Pinion Speed Pinion Power Efficiency (pre) Efficiency (post) Efficiency Change rpm kW (0/0) (0/0) (0/0) 13.1 85.23 85.14 -0.09 H 26.2 90.92 91.14 0.22 igh 52.4 93.55 94.08 0.53 78.6 94.24 94.95 0.71 3.7 88.25 89.17 0.92 7.3 90.94 91.96 1.02 Low 14.7 92.15 93.21 1.06 22.0 92.5 93.5 1 29.3 92.72 93.58 0.86
These extended speed and load conditions allow reduced friction on the already broken-in-axle if the lubricant were capable of further reducing surface roughness. The pre-extended phase and post extended phase comparisons are shown in the table below. Across all conditions with the exception of the lowest load, higher speed condition, there is a marked benefit to operating efficiency after the extended speed-load procedure. The gains are significant in an already efficient operating environment and indicate that despite significant use in the field, the lubricant was able to further improve efficiency by a further reduction in surface roughness during the conditioning phase.
Table 9. - Efficiency change.
Pinion Speed Pinion Power Efficiency (pre) Efficiency (post) Efficiency Change rpm kW (0/0) (0/0) (0/0) 13.1 85.23 85.14 -0.09 H 26.2 90.92 91.14 0.22 igh 52.4 93.55 94.08 0.53 78.6 94.24 94.95 0.71 3.7 88.25 89.17 0.92 7.3 90.94 91.96 1.02 Low 14.7 92.15 93.21 1.06 22.0 92.5 93.5 1 29.3 92.72 93.58 0.86
[0079] The table below shows the roughness measurements of select ring and pinion teeth with Sample 2, confirming that a reduction in tooth roughness on an already used axle has been achieved. Combined with the efficiency data this demonstrates efficiency benefits can be achieved in existing hardware without the need for expensive surface finishing or radically low fluid viscosities.
Table 10. - Roughness change.
Roughness, Ra Tooth Before .. After % Change 1 22.9 21.5 6.1 3 27.9 21.6 22.6 Pinion 4 21.8 16.1 26.1 5 26.8 18.1 32.5 A\.g. 24.9 19.3 22.2 7 19.0 13.2 30.5 9 16.7 13.4 19.8 Ring 10 25.2 23.1 8.3 Aµg 20.3 16.6 18.4
Table 10. - Roughness change.
Roughness, Ra Tooth Before .. After % Change 1 22.9 21.5 6.1 3 27.9 21.6 22.6 Pinion 4 21.8 16.1 26.1 5 26.8 18.1 32.5 A\.g. 24.9 19.3 22.2 7 19.0 13.2 30.5 9 16.7 13.4 19.8 Ring 10 25.2 23.1 8.3 Aµg 20.3 16.6 18.4
[0080] In addition to the operating efficiency benefits in torque loss 5 measurements, gear oil fluids containing ZDDP can also improve operating temperatures at high load, low speed conditions. A modified L-37 test was developed with controlled air flow instead of cooling water during the test phase. This allowed the test temperature to fluctuate as it would in operation rather than operate in a controlled manner as is typical of industry testing.
10 [0081] The procedure was run on Dana 60 hardware approved for L-37 testing in a 2-phase test based on the standard L-37 procedure, ASTM D6121-16a. Setup deviations include filling the axle to exactly 3 liters to allow for some oil to be lost during ancillary test phase drains, and using a modified axle cover to allow operations to do purges, refills and drains during test. Conditioning parameters match with ASTM
15 D6121 L-37 specification including loads, speeds and temperature control.
[0082] The test phase, or phase 2, is modified from standard practice in D6121.
In place of spray-water temperature control and a temperature setpoint, the axle sump temperature direct control is removed, allowing the axle to float to any temperature below the operator safety shutoff of 190 C. The axle is kept from reaching excessive 20 temperatures by a constant velocity and trajectory of controlled air pushed over the axle and through the enclosure at 7.11 meters/second through an entry duct above the center housing with diameter of 15.24 centimeters. Furthermore, load is set to 13%
contact stress reduction load setpoints specified in D6121-16a section A9.4 (1645Nm +-34Nm) using a non-load-reduced axle batch to help further decrease risk of exceeding temperature limits without cooling water control. All other parameters and standards of this phase of the procedure are in accordance with relevant sections of ASTM
16a.
Table 11. Fluid formulations for samples 11 ¨ 12.
Sample 11 Sample 12 Alkyl ester polymer 12.4 12.4 Sulfurized olefin 4.6 4.6 Borated dispersant 0.78 0.78 Substituted thiadiazole 0.15 0.15 Alkyl amide 0.13 0.13 Antifoam 0.1 0.1 Corrosion inhibitor 0.04 0.04 Phosphate ester amine 1.66 1.46 Low molecular weight 0.3 secondary ZDDP
Oil of lubricating viscosity Sum to 100 Sum to 100 P, ppm 1431 1484 S, ppm 20800 22300 Zn, ppm 367 [0083] Table 12 below shows the results of these evaluations and confirms that use of ZDDP in a gear oil fluid results in a substantial decrease in operating temperature in the modified L-37 test. Both fluids show exceptional wear performance.
Table 12. Operating temperatures in modified L-37 testing for samples 11 - 12.
Peak Temp Final Temp Pinion/ring wear Sample 11 164.9 115 8/9 Sample 12 144.4 110 9/9 [0084] Each of the documents referred to above is incorporated herein by refer-ence, including any prior applications, whether or not specifically listed above, from which priority is claimed. The mention of any document is not an admission that such document qualifies as prior art or constitutes the general knowledge of the skilled person in any jurisdiction. Except in the Examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numerical quantities in this description specifying amounts of materials, reaction condi-tions, molecular weights, number of carbon atoms, and the like, are to be understood as optionally modified by the word "about." It is to be understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. Simi-larly, the ranges and amounts for each element of the invention can be used together with ranges or amounts for any of the other elements.
[0085] As used herein, the transitional term "comprising," which is synonymous with "including," "containing," or "characterized by," is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements or method steps. However, in each rec-itation of "comprising" herein, it is intended that the term also encompass, as alternative embodiments, the phrases "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of,"
where "consist-ing of" excludes any element or step not specified and "consisting essentially of" permits the inclusion of additional un-recited elements or steps that do not materially affect the essential or basic and novel characteristics of the composition or method under consider-ation. The expression "consisting of' or "consisting essentially of," when applied to an element of a claim, is intended to restrict all species of the type represented by that element, notwithstanding the presence of "comprising" elsewhere in the claim.
[0086] While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the subject invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the subject invention. In this regard, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
10 [0081] The procedure was run on Dana 60 hardware approved for L-37 testing in a 2-phase test based on the standard L-37 procedure, ASTM D6121-16a. Setup deviations include filling the axle to exactly 3 liters to allow for some oil to be lost during ancillary test phase drains, and using a modified axle cover to allow operations to do purges, refills and drains during test. Conditioning parameters match with ASTM
15 D6121 L-37 specification including loads, speeds and temperature control.
[0082] The test phase, or phase 2, is modified from standard practice in D6121.
In place of spray-water temperature control and a temperature setpoint, the axle sump temperature direct control is removed, allowing the axle to float to any temperature below the operator safety shutoff of 190 C. The axle is kept from reaching excessive 20 temperatures by a constant velocity and trajectory of controlled air pushed over the axle and through the enclosure at 7.11 meters/second through an entry duct above the center housing with diameter of 15.24 centimeters. Furthermore, load is set to 13%
contact stress reduction load setpoints specified in D6121-16a section A9.4 (1645Nm +-34Nm) using a non-load-reduced axle batch to help further decrease risk of exceeding temperature limits without cooling water control. All other parameters and standards of this phase of the procedure are in accordance with relevant sections of ASTM
16a.
Table 11. Fluid formulations for samples 11 ¨ 12.
Sample 11 Sample 12 Alkyl ester polymer 12.4 12.4 Sulfurized olefin 4.6 4.6 Borated dispersant 0.78 0.78 Substituted thiadiazole 0.15 0.15 Alkyl amide 0.13 0.13 Antifoam 0.1 0.1 Corrosion inhibitor 0.04 0.04 Phosphate ester amine 1.66 1.46 Low molecular weight 0.3 secondary ZDDP
Oil of lubricating viscosity Sum to 100 Sum to 100 P, ppm 1431 1484 S, ppm 20800 22300 Zn, ppm 367 [0083] Table 12 below shows the results of these evaluations and confirms that use of ZDDP in a gear oil fluid results in a substantial decrease in operating temperature in the modified L-37 test. Both fluids show exceptional wear performance.
Table 12. Operating temperatures in modified L-37 testing for samples 11 - 12.
Peak Temp Final Temp Pinion/ring wear Sample 11 164.9 115 8/9 Sample 12 144.4 110 9/9 [0084] Each of the documents referred to above is incorporated herein by refer-ence, including any prior applications, whether or not specifically listed above, from which priority is claimed. The mention of any document is not an admission that such document qualifies as prior art or constitutes the general knowledge of the skilled person in any jurisdiction. Except in the Examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numerical quantities in this description specifying amounts of materials, reaction condi-tions, molecular weights, number of carbon atoms, and the like, are to be understood as optionally modified by the word "about." It is to be understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. Simi-larly, the ranges and amounts for each element of the invention can be used together with ranges or amounts for any of the other elements.
[0085] As used herein, the transitional term "comprising," which is synonymous with "including," "containing," or "characterized by," is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements or method steps. However, in each rec-itation of "comprising" herein, it is intended that the term also encompass, as alternative embodiments, the phrases "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of,"
where "consist-ing of" excludes any element or step not specified and "consisting essentially of" permits the inclusion of additional un-recited elements or steps that do not materially affect the essential or basic and novel characteristics of the composition or method under consider-ation. The expression "consisting of' or "consisting essentially of," when applied to an element of a claim, is intended to restrict all species of the type represented by that element, notwithstanding the presence of "comprising" elsewhere in the claim.
[0086] While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the subject invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the subject invention. In this regard, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
Claims (19)
1. A lubricant composition comprising a. an oil of lubricating viscosity;
b. 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate compound, and c. 0.2 to 0.8 wt% of a metal alkylthiophosphate, wherein the lubricant comprises a total sulfur level of about 2 to about 5 wt%.
b. 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate compound, and c. 0.2 to 0.8 wt% of a metal alkylthiophosphate, wherein the lubricant comprises a total sulfur level of about 2 to about 5 wt%.
2. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate comprises an amine phosphate.
3. The lubricant composition of claim 2, where the amine phosphate comprises a sub-stantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt wherein at least about 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure and at least about 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are secondary alkyl groups of about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms.
4. The lubricant composition of claim 2, where the amine phosphate comprises a sub-stantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt wherein at least about 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure and at least about 25 mole percent of the alkyl groups in such a sulfur-free alkyl phos-phate can be primary alkyl groups of about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms
5. The lubricant composition of any previous claim wherein the amine comprises ethylhexylamine.
6. The lubricant composition of any previous claim wherein the amine comprises an N-hydrocarbyl-substituted y¨ or 6¨amino(thio)ester.
7. The lubricant composition of any previous claim wherein the amine phosphate is present at from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent.
8. The lubricant composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the amine alkyl(thio)phosphate comprises an amine alkylthiophosphate.
9. The lubricant composition of claim 8, wherein the alkylthiophosphate of the amine alkylthiophosphate comprises a dialkyldithiophosphate.
10. The lubricant composition of claim 8 or 9, wherein the amine comprises a C8 tO
C20 alkylamine.
C20 alkylamine.
11. The lubricant composition of claim 8 to 10, wherein the amine alkylthiophosphate is present at from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent.
12. The lubricant composition of any previous claim, wherein the metal alkylthiophos-phate comprises zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
13. The lubricant composition of claim 12, wherein the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a secondary zinc dialkyldithio-phosphate.
14. The lubricant of claim 13, wherein the alkyl of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate comprises 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
15. The lubricant composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the zinc dialkyldithiophos-phate provides from 0.02 to 0.08 wt% zinc to the lubricant composition.
16. The lubricant composition of any previous claim further comprising less than 6 wt% of an organo-sulfide.
17. The lubricant of claim 17, wherein the organo-sulfide comprises 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole.
18. A method of improving the operating temperatures of a gear at high load and low speed conditions comprising lubricating the gear with a lubricant composition comprising:
a. an oil of lubricating viscosity;
b. 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate compound, and c. 0.2 to 0.8 wt% of a metal alkylthiophosphate, wherein the lubricant com-prises a total sulfur level of about 2 to about 5 wt%, and operating the gear.
a. an oil of lubricating viscosity;
b. 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate compound, and c. 0.2 to 0.8 wt% of a metal alkylthiophosphate, wherein the lubricant com-prises a total sulfur level of about 2 to about 5 wt%, and operating the gear.
19. A method of improving the operating efficiency of a used gear comprising lubri-cating the gear with a lubricant composition comprising:
a. an oil of lubricating viscosity;
b. 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate compound, and c. 0.2 to 0.8 wt% of a metal alkylthiophosphate, wherein the lubricant com-prises a total sulfur level of about 2 to about 5 wt%, and operating the gear.
a. an oil of lubricating viscosity;
b. 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of an amine alkyl(thio)phosphate compound, and c. 0.2 to 0.8 wt% of a metal alkylthiophosphate, wherein the lubricant com-prises a total sulfur level of about 2 to about 5 wt%, and operating the gear.
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US3197405A (en) | 1962-07-09 | 1965-07-27 | Lubrizol Corp | Phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing compositions and process for preparing the same |
US3544465A (en) | 1968-06-03 | 1970-12-01 | Mobil Oil Corp | Esters of phosphorodithioates |
EP0686690B1 (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 2002-11-13 | Sanyo Chemical Industries Ltd. | Gear and transmission lubricant compositions of improved sludge-dispersibility. |
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US7759294B2 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2010-07-20 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions |
US20080103072A1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2008-05-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Antiwear Containing Lubricating Composition |
US20080182770A1 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Antiwear Agent and Lubricating Compositions Thereof |
US8349778B2 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2013-01-08 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricating compositions having improved friction properties |
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US10316712B2 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2019-06-11 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Lubricant compositions for surface finishing of materials |
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