EP3880395A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur überwachung eines schweissprozesses zum verschweissen von werkstücken aus glas - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur überwachung eines schweissprozesses zum verschweissen von werkstücken aus glasInfo
- Publication number
- EP3880395A1 EP3880395A1 EP19808961.7A EP19808961A EP3880395A1 EP 3880395 A1 EP3880395 A1 EP 3880395A1 EP 19808961 A EP19808961 A EP 19808961A EP 3880395 A1 EP3880395 A1 EP 3880395A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- defects
- workpiece
- workpieces
- process zone
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011511 automated evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
- B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/324—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/57—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece the laser beam entering a face of the workpiece from which it is transmitted through the workpiece material to work on a different workpiece face, e.g. for effecting removal, fusion splicing, modifying or reforming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
- C03B23/203—Uniting glass sheets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
- G06T7/001—Industrial image inspection using an image reference approach
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
- G06T7/73—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/54—Glass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30164—Workpiece; Machine component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a welding process for welding at least one workpiece made of glass to another workpiece, preferably also made of glass, the monitoring being used, for example, to identify and identify cracks and / or defects and / or defects in workpieces glass can be used for laser welding.
- the quality control was carried out by means of a microscope through microscopic examinations on the weld seams and on the other areas of the interconnected workpieces after completion of the actual welding process, both in plan view and by looking at cross sections.
- Parameter set of the laser welding process can only be carried out on the microscope after the respective welding process has been completed and outside the welding device.
- This task is accomplished by a method for monitoring a welding process
- a method for monitoring a welding process for welding at least one workpiece made of glass to another workpiece, preferably also made of glass is proposed, the workpieces being joined together in a process zone exposed to a processing beam, preferably a laser beam, particularly preferably an ultrashort pulse laser beam be welded.
- a processing beam preferably a laser beam, particularly preferably an ultrashort pulse laser beam be welded.
- radiation emitted by the process zone and emanating from at least one of the workpieces is detected in a spatially resolved manner.
- the process zone in which the weld seam is formed is preferably between the
- machining beam is guided to the process zone at least through a workpiece that is transparent to the machining beam.
- workpiece through which the processing beam is guided to the process zone is transparent to the processing beam.
- the other workpieces can also be transparent, but can also be opaque for the processing beam.
- the radiation emanating from at least one of the workpieces is detected in a spatially resolved manner makes it possible to monitor the welding process during the welding process when welding glass workpieces, that the presence and / or the formation and / or the change in cracks and / or defects and / or defects in at least one of the workpieces, in particular a workpiece made of glass, can be determined.
- the welding process can be optimized during the current welding process, among other things.
- the radiation emitted by the process zone and emanating from at least one of the workpieces is detected in a spatially resolved manner.
- the process zone serves as quasi
- Radiation source that serves to irradiate or illuminate the glass volume formed from the glass workpieces. This results from this radiation source formed by the process zone that radiation is emitted within the workpiece or within the workpieces, which radiation then possibly already exists in and / or occurs in the glass volume formed by the at least one workpiece is reflected and / or scattered in this changing cracks and / or imperfections and / or defects and then can be detected accordingly as the radiation emanating from the workpiece in a spatially resolved manner.
- reflected and / or scattered radiation is detected at cracks and / or defects and / or defects.
- a radiation source within the workpiece is thus used to illuminate the workpiece in order to determine errors in the workpiece.
- the spatially resolved detection of the radiation emanating from the workpiece can then be used to draw conclusions about the presence and / or occurrence and / or the change in cracks and / or defects and / or defects within the glass volume.
- the process zone thus acts as a radiation source within the glass volume, so that during the welding process the presence and / or the emergence and / or the change in cracks and / or defects and / or defects within the glass volume is detected by the radiation scattered and / or reflected thereon can be.
- the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the process zone can be radiation of the machining beam reflected and / or scattered on or in the process zone.
- the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the process zone can also cause heat radiation from the Treatment beam heated, especially melted glass material.
- the cracks and / or defects and / or defects within the glass volume can also be localized at the same time.
- the method for monitoring the welding process for welding workpieces made of glass thus enables quality control during the actual welding process and thus also optimization of the welding process by subsequent and / or simultaneous evaluation of the locally detected radiation emanating from the workpiece.
- the radiation emanating from the workpiece can preferably be detected in areas of the at least one workpiece that lie outside the process zone.
- the process zone is accordingly considered exclusively as a radiation source, which exposes regions outside the process zone to radiation within the glass volume formed by the workpieces.
- the radiation emanating from the workpiece is preferably also detected in a time-resolved manner. In this way, the new formation or the change in cracks and / or imperfections and / or defects can be observed while the welding process is being carried out. This can trigger the welding process in the glass volume
- This information can be taken into account in a simultaneous or subsequent optimization step of the welding process in order to optimize the process parameters.
- the radiation emanating from the workpiece is preferably recorded by means of an image sensor and converted into a signal by the image sensor, which signal is then processed for subsequent evaluation.
- An automated evaluation and also a downstream automated optimization of the welding process can thus be achieved.
- the signal can be evaluated, for example, for the presence and / or the formation and / or the change in cracks and / or imperfections and / or defects, an error being output particularly preferably when predefined tolerance limits are exceeded.
- An automated evaluation for predetermined errors in the at least one workpiece can thus be achieved in order in this way to check the
- the signal can preferably be processed by filtering and / or noise reduction and / or smoothing and / or highlighting special features and / or increasing the contrast and / or an edge filter.
- the signal can be processed by means of image processing, for example comparing the determined signals or the images represented by the signals with a target distribution of intensity values outside the process zone and by evaluating the areas outside the process zone deviating from the target distribution with regard to brightness and / or the contrast and / or the shape and / or the size of the deviating areas, a determination of cracks and / or imperfections and / or defects can be achieved.
- a further or alternative evaluation of the processed signal can also be achieved by spatial integration, for example beyond the intensity values of the individual image pixels and a subsequent comparison with a previously defined tolerance range.
- location information can be determined in the coordinate system of the workpieces with regard to the presence and / or the formation and / or the change in cracks and / or defects and / or defects.
- An uncertainty with regard to the determination of the location can arise here from deviations in the observation field of the sensor used with the respective section of the workpieces, this uncertainty being caused by an initial calibration of the sensor to the focal plane considered in each case and / or by the application of sensors detectable by the sensor Position and / or distance markings on at least one of the workpieces, or can be reduced by reference to the positioning of the process zone.
- identification of cracks and / or defects and / or defects can be carried out and information about the identified cracks and / or defects and / or defects can be output .
- a localization of cracks and / or defects and / or defects relative to the process zone is preferably carried out, with information relating to the localization of the cracks and / or defects and / or defects being output. This allows a user to
- the method is preferably used to weld several workpieces made of glass.
- All glass workpieces to be welded to one another are particularly preferred.
- workpieces made of glass with workpieces opaque for the processing beam can also be
- metallic workpieces are welded.
- the welding is preferably carried out on one between the workpieces
- Interface takes place and the processing beam particularly preferably passes through at least one of the workpieces made of glass before it hits the process zone at the interface.
- a device for monitoring a welding process for welding at least one workpiece made of glass to a further workpiece, preferably also made of glass which comprises a processing objective for applying a processing beam to at least one of the workpieces, preferably for
- a laser beam is applied to the process zone, particularly preferably one
- an image sensor is provided for the spatially resolved detection of radiation emitted by the process zone and emanating from at least one of the workpieces.
- the presence and / or the formation and / or the change in cracks and / or defects and / or defects in the glass volume formed by the at least one workpiece can be determined by means of the device.
- Optics can preferably be provided for receiving the radiation emanating from the workpiece and for imaging the radiation onto the image sensor, the optics preferably being formed by the processing objective or by an objective separate from the processing objective.
- An image sensor exposed to the processing objective can advantageously be provided, preferably with the interposition of a beam splitter and / or an optical filter and / or a focusing lens, and an image sensor exposed to an objective separate from the processing objective can be provided. The region of the at least one workpiece imaged by the machining objective and the region of the workpiece imaged by the separate objective can thus be viewed.
- the processing objective can preferably be designed and set up for the purpose
- the areas of the workpieces lying outside the process zone can be viewed through a processing lens, by means of which laser radiation is focussed to act upon the process zone with laser energy for welding the workpieces out of glass, the radiation emanating from the workpiece then being provided via a corresponding optical arrangement , for example using a beam splitter, can be coupled out.
- the detection of the radiation emanating from the workpiece can also be achieved by means of an objective separate from the processing objective, which thus does not exist on an axis formed by the processing beam. In this way, a larger area of the radiation emanating from the workpiece and the surroundings of the process zone can be achieved, which is not absolutely possible by recording the emitted radiation through the processing objective.
- mapping or focusing on areas and levels of at least one of the workpieces that are not specified by the process zone In particular, it is possible to focus on levels within at least one workpiece that are not specified by the level of the process zone. Furthermore, areas of at least one workpiece that are provided at a distance from the process zone can also be considered.
- a larger view of the workpiece or the workpieces can also be carried out and the material volumes can be achieved, the process zone being provided as a radiation source within the material volume and the occurrence and / or presence and / or change of cracks and / or defects and / or defects within the workpiece can be determined accordingly during the welding process.
- the workpieces made of glass are preferably subjected to laser energy for welding by means of a laser beam, particularly preferably by means of an ultra-short pulse laser, wherein nonlinear absorption effects in the glass can be achieved by using short laser pulses due to the high intensities that can be achieved in the respective beam focus. If correspondingly high repetition rates are used for the ultrashort pulse laser, the energy introduced into the process zone by means of the respective pulses of the ultrashort pulse laser accumulates, so that it heats up locally by appropriate heat accumulation effects
- Laser beam a highly absorbing plasma the size of the focus volume, which then forms the process zone.
- An increased absorption occurs on the plasma surface which delimits the process zone and in particular in the area of the plasma surface which is oriented in the direction of the processing beam impinging on the plasma and on which the processing beam impinges.
- the plasma volume can continue to absorb energy on the plasma surface due to the increased absorption of the laser energy and the resultant energy input into the plasma volume, so that the plasma volume can continue to increase, this increase in the plasma volume being mainly directed along the processing beam and in the direction of the Beam source too extends.
- the plasma can spread in an elongated shape along the processing beam.
- An elongated bladder formed by the plasma can be formed therefrom.
- the location and / or the position of the plasma volume can also change and, for example, shift in one direction along the processing beam to the beam source.
- the non-linear absorption of the machining beam on the plasma can be high
- Electron temperature originate in the plasma.
- the electrons can transfer energy to the
- a weld seam that extends in the direction of movement accordingly results, which is in the form of a sequence of blister-shaped melting volumes that merge into one another.
- the individual melting volumes can correspond to the formation of the respective plasma volume, but are usually formed by the above-described migration of the plasma volume through the workpiece along the processing beam. In other words, it is
- the radiation source can thus be subjected to an intensity fluctuation of the emitted radiation corresponding to the periodic bubble formation of the plasma, an associated change in the spectrum, a change in the extent of the radiation source and a change in the position of the radiation source.
- These periodic fluctuations in the intensity, the wavelength, the extent and / or the position of the radiation source, which is used to irradiate the glass volume of the one, the two, several or all of the workpieces made of glass can be resolved locally and in the evaluation of the workpieces detected radiation are taken into account.
- the cracks and / or defects and / or defects in the workpiece or in the workpieces can preferably be localized relative to the respectively predefined machining position, which is known due to the relative position between the laser beam and the workpiece.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a device for monitoring a
- FIG. 3 shows a further camera image of the process zone and its surroundings recorded by a camera when a laser welding process is carried out during
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a device 1 for monitoring a welding process for welding two workpieces 110, 120 together.
- the workpieces 110, 120 are formed from glass - for example in the form of two glass panes - which are arranged on one another at a common interface 100 arranged between the two workpieces 110, 120 and are welded to one another at a section of the interface 100.
- at least part of the underside 114 of the upper workpiece 110 shown in FIG. 1 bears against the upper side 122 of the lower workpiece 120.
- the upper side 122 of the lower workpiece 120 and the lower side 114 of the upper workpiece 110 accordingly jointly form the interface 100 in which the welding is to be carried out or was carried out.
- the two workpieces 110 and 120 can be pressed against one another in the region of the formation of the interface 100 in order to achieve a preliminary positioning and fixing of the two workpieces 110 and 120 against one another before the welding.
- the two workpieces 110, 120 are essentially transparent to the laser radiation with which the two workpieces 110, 120 are to be welded. This means that the laser radiation used for
- the welding is provided through the workpieces 110 and 120
- Interface 100 get there. This is a welding of the workpieces 110 and 120 within the jointly formed by the two workpieces 110, 120
- Such welding within a workpiece volume formed by at least two workpieces is not possible with materials opaque for the laser radiation.
- the workpieces 110, 120 can also be designed such that only the upper workpiece 110 is transparent to the machining beam, while the lower workpiece 120 is opaque.
- a welding of a glass material to a metal material lying underneath in the direction of the processing beam could also be considered.
- the device 1 comprises a processing objective 2, through which a
- Processing beam 20 strikes the workpieces 110, 120 and is focused in a process zone 200, as a result of which the intensity of the processing beam 20 is highest in the focus lying in the process zone 200, but lower in the surrounding areas.
- the material processing in the process zone 200 takes place in that due to the high intensity of the
- Processing beam 20 in its focus to melt that in process zone 200 present material comes.
- welding of two material areas that were previously present separately in the process zone 200 and are now cohesively connected by melting can be achieved.
- the processing beam 20 is preferably provided in the form of a laser beam, particularly preferably in the form of an ultra-short pulse laser beam. Especially when using a
- Ultrashort pulse lasers are achieved by the very high intensities in the focus provided by the processing objective 2 in the glass material of the at least one workpiece 110, 120 nonlinear absorption effects.
- heat accumulation effects occur in the glass material, which leads to local melting of the glass material in the process zone 200.
- the process zone 200 is correspondingly placed in such a way that it is arranged near the interface 100 or comprises the interface 100. This is done by means of the appropriately trained and equipped
- Process zone 200 focused into it.
- a processing objective 2 for a processing beam 20 for processing and in particular welding workpieces 110 and 120 in a process zone 200 is known in principle. This also applies to the use of ultra-short pulse lasers.
- the material of one, several or all of the workpieces 110, 120 is then melted, and then, after the previously melted material has solidified again, the workpieces 110, 120 are welded by the to achieve melted and then solidified material.
- the process zone 200 can have the extent of the focus of the machining beam 20 or can be extended further.
- the processing beam 20 together with the processing objective 2 is in one
- Direction of displacement X can be displaced relative to the workpieces 110, 120 in order to draw a weld seam 210 in the workpieces 110, 120.
- Either the workpieces 110, 120 or the machining beam 20 with the machining objective 2 or both can be displaced along the displacement direction X. Movements can also be carried out parallel to the plane formed by the interface 100 in order to draw in correspondingly more complex shapes of weld seams 210.
- the process zone 200 lies, so to speak, between the two workpieces 1, 10, 120 and encloses the interface 100.
- the processing beam 20 can pass through the workpieces 1, 10, 120 due to the transparency thereof and then enables processing within the one defined by the workpieces 1, 10, 120 Process zone 200 of the glass volume.
- formed glass volume differs diametrically from the process zones, in which welding of opaque materials for the laser radiation is carried out.
- an opaque material for example when welding two metallic ones
- a special configuration and arrangement of the machining objective 2 is thus also advantageous in order to enable the machining beam 20 to be focused accordingly into the interior of the glass volume, which is formed from the at least two workpieces 110, 120.
- the process of forming the weld seam 210 which is achieved by melting the material of the first workpiece 110 and / or the second workpiece 120 and subsequently solidifying the melted material, can be carried out by forming
- Plasma areas are described, the heating of the material first taking place in the focus of the processing beam 20 and then a non-linear absorption, since the electrons also give off energy to the atomic trunks and correspondingly generate lattice vibrations with the heat accumulation effects resulting therefrom, forming a highly absorbing plasma.
- a high absorption of the laser intensity takes place on the respective plasma surface such that the plasma can expand correspondingly in a bubble shape in the direction of the processing beam 20 due to the strong absorption on the plasma surface and / or can move along the processing beam 20 in the direction of the beam source .
- This process of expansion and / or change of location and / or change of position is terminated as soon as the surface of the plasma that runs out of the focus of the processing beam 20 is no longer supplied with enough intensity by the processing beam 20 that is then no longer focused in this area, to maintain the plasma, which then breaks it down and the process of blistering starts from that in the focus of the Machining beam 20 entered energy begins again.
- the formation of bubbles therefore takes place periodically and in each case starting from the focus of the machining beam 20.
- the shape of the bubbles is correspondingly elongated in the direction of the machining beam 20.
- the material present there for example the glass material, is correspondingly melted in the process zone 200.
- the process zone 200 emits electromagnetic radiation at this time. This emission of electromagnetic radiation takes place at least during the application of the processing beam 20 to the process zone 200 - but an afterglow can also take place, as long as the melted and solidifying material has an elevated temperature.
- the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the process zone 200 can be radiation of the processing beam 20 reflected or scattered on or in the process zone 200.
- the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the process zone 200 can also be thermal radiation of the melted glass material.
- Corresponding electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the process zone 200, so that the process zone 200 can also be regarded as a radiation source for the internal illumination of the workpieces 110, 120.
- the process zone 200 is preferably arranged within the volume formed by the workpieces 110, 120, the process zone 200 can therefore also be regarded as a radiation source which is arranged within the workpieces 110, 120 and illuminates the workpieces 110, 120 virtually from the inside.
- the radiation emitted by the process zone 200 and emanating from the at least one workpiece can be recorded, for example, by means of the processing objective 2 and then, for example, imaged onto an image sensor 36 via a beam splitter 30, an optical filter element 32 and a focusing lens 34, so that the image sensor 36 is accordingly subjected to a spatially resolved image of the workpiece or the workpieces and outputs a corresponding signal.
- the beam splitter 30 can be designed, for example, as a dichroic mirror.
- the optical filter element 32 can be selected, for example, to attenuate the radiation coupled out from the beam splitter 30 and / or to select a specific wavelength range and / or to suppress reflected processing light.
- the image sensor 36 can be provided, for example, in the form of a matrix camera.
- Such a matrix camera preferably has a temperature radiation that is suitable for the temperature radiation to be measured, i.e. sufficiently high spectral sensitivity.
- Detector system several individual cameras, in particular matrix cameras, can be provided, with a single, selective spectral range being imaged on each individual camera.
- the or at least one matrix camera can be made from different semiconductor materials.
- a camera for the radiation range from the visual spectral range to the near to the far infrared can also be used as the image sensor 36.
- CCD, CMOS and / or InGaAs cameras, for example, are suitable as cameras for the image sensor, although this list is by no means exhaustive and other suitable camera types can be used.
- Process zone 200 emitted and from the or a workpiece 110, 120 radiation can be reached.
- the radiation emitted from the process zone 200 and emanating from the surrounding areas can be recorded in a spatially resolved manner by means of the image sensor 36.
- the process zone 200 serves as a radiation source during the machining process, which is arranged within the glass volume formed by the workpieces 110, 120, an image of the environment irradiated by the process zone 200 serving as the radiation source and in particular that by the process zone 200 can also be correspondingly used by means of the image sensor 36 irradiated glass volume are recorded. In this way, it is possible to detect cracks, defects or defects in the glass volume formed by the workpieces 110, 120 via the scattering and / or reflection of the radiation from the process zone 200 taking place there.
- the presence and / or formation and / or modification of cracks and / or imperfections and / or defects, which optically serve to scatter and / or reflect the radiation emitted by the process zone 200, can thus be detected by means of the image sensor 36.
- the image sensor 36 which receives the radiation picked up via the processing objective 2 and coupled out via the beam splitter 30, a
- Image sensor 46 can be provided, which enables the radiation emitted from the volume of workpieces 110, 120 to be imaged by means of an objective 44.
- image sensor 46 which, like the image sensor 36 already described above, can be used to detect cracks, defects or other defects in the volume formed by the workpieces 110, 120 at a position independent of the machining objective 2 .
- the quality control is then not only limited to the immediate vicinity of the weld seam 210, but can also include areas spaced from it.
- a camera image of the area surrounding the weld seam 210 can be seen in FIG.
- a corresponding glow can first be recognized within the process zone 200, which indicates an emission of radiation from the process zone 200.
- the process zone 200 moves in the direction x relative to the workpiece 110 shown.
- the weld seam 210 that has already arisen can also be seen in the camera image.
- the radiation emitted from the process zone 200 serving as the radiation source is scattered or reflected at cracks 220 and / or defects and / or defects already present or arising during the treatment in such a way that they are visible on the camera image.
- both the process zone 200 with the weld seam 210 created by the welding process and the presence or formation of cracks 220 or other defects or defects in the workpiece 110 can be recognized accordingly.
- the cracks 220, defects or defects not necessarily arise or have arisen from the machining process and in particular the heat in the process zone 200, but these cracks 220, defects or defects can also have been present before the machining process began.
- process parameters can also be tracked or regulated.
- the power of the machining beam 20 or the feed rate can be adjusted. If, for example, an excessive occurrence of cracks in one, several or all workpieces 110, 120 is detected, the performance of the
- Processing beam 20 are reduced or the feed rate can be increased in order to reduce the formation of cracks due to stresses generated by the temperature gradients entered.
- FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary camera image, in which both the process zone 200 with the corresponding emission of the radiation can be seen, and the radiation emanating from a crack 220, which here directly adjoins the process zone 200.
- the images recorded by the image sensors 36 and / or 46 can be evaluated, for example, by first processing the recorded signals.
- the signals can be filtered and / or noise can be reduced and / or the signals can be smoothed and / or special characteristics of the signals can be emphasized and / or
- Contrast increase and / or an edge filter can be carried out etc.
- the signal picked up by the image sensors 36 and / or 46 can be by means of a
- Image processing can be processed, for example a comparison of the determined signals or the recordings represented by the signals is compared with a target distribution of intensity values outside the process zone and by evaluating the areas outside the process zone deviating from the target distribution with regard to the brightness and / or the contrast and / or the shape and / or the size of the deviating ones Areas of determination of cracks and / or defects and / or defects can be achieved.
- a further or alternative evaluation of the processed signal can also be achieved by spatial integration, for example beyond the intensity values of the individual image pixels and a subsequent comparison with a previously defined tolerance range.
- location information can be determined in the coordinate system of the workpieces with regard to the presence and / or the formation and / or the change in cracks and / or defects and / or defects.
- An uncertainty with regard to the determination of the location can arise here from deviations in the agreement of the observation field of the sensor 36, 46 used with the respective section of the workpieces 110, 120, this uncertainty being caused by an initial calibration of the sensor system to the focal plane under consideration and / or by the application of position and / or detectable by means of the respective sensor 36, 46
- An automated error output occurs particularly preferably when predefined tolerance limits are exceeded in order to accordingly abort a welding process if there is a high probability that rejects are produced by the machining process.
- countermeasures for stabilizing the machining process can also be provided in order to carry out an automated adjustment of the process parameters in such a way that the occurrence or change of cracks, defects or defects is reduced.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102018128368.7A DE102018128368A1 (de) | 2018-11-13 | 2018-11-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Schweißprozesses zum Verschweißen von Werkstücken aus Glas |
PCT/EP2019/081049 WO2020099420A1 (de) | 2018-11-13 | 2019-11-12 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur überwachung eines schweissprozesses zum verschweissen von werkstücken aus glas |
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EP19808961.7A Pending EP3880395A1 (de) | 2018-11-13 | 2019-11-12 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur überwachung eines schweissprozesses zum verschweissen von werkstücken aus glas |
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US (1) | US20210260700A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3880395A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102662183B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN113195149A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018128368A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020099420A1 (de) |
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DE102020209693B4 (de) | 2020-07-31 | 2022-12-29 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Laserschweißprozesses zum Verschweißen zweier Werkstücke hinsichtlich eines Prozessabbruchs |
DE102020209692B4 (de) | 2020-07-31 | 2022-12-29 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln eines Laserschweißprozesses zum Verschweißen zweier Werkstücke aus Glas |
CN113511823B (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-03-31 | 西安中科光凝科技有限公司 | 一种具有自调焦功能的玻璃材料微焊接装置及方法 |
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DE10222786A1 (de) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-11-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Positionierung von Werkstücken bei Laserbearbeitungsprozessen |
DE102004036576B4 (de) * | 2004-07-28 | 2008-10-02 | Huf Tools Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen und zur Kontrolle einer Schweißnaht mittels Laserstrahlung |
CN2740335Y (zh) * | 2004-12-02 | 2005-11-16 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | 一种基于激光结构光的焊缝跟踪视觉传感器 |
DE102005024085A1 (de) * | 2005-05-25 | 2006-11-30 | Precitec Kg | Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Laserbearbeitungsvorgangs und Laserbearbeitungskopf |
US9138913B2 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2015-09-22 | Imra America, Inc. | Transparent material processing with an ultrashort pulse laser |
WO2008052591A1 (de) | 2006-11-04 | 2008-05-08 | Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co.Kg | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur prozessüberwachung bei der materialbearbeitung |
KR101212460B1 (ko) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-12-18 | 한국과학기술원 | 플라즈마를 이용한 레이저 가공상태 모니터링 장치 및 방법 |
DE102011078276C5 (de) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-04-03 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erkennen von Fehlern während eines Laser-Bearbeitungsprozesses sowie Laser-Bearbeitungsvorrichtung |
DE102014203845A1 (de) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-09-03 | BLZ Bayerisches Laserzentrum Gemeinnützige Forschungsgesellschaft mbH | Verfahren zum laserinduzierten Fügen eines glasartigen Fügepartners mit einem artfremden Fügepartner mithilfe ultrakurzer Laserpulse |
JP6220718B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-10-25 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | レーザ溶接良否判定方法及びレーザ溶接良否判定装置 |
CN204277222U (zh) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-04-22 | 天津市帅超激光工程技术有限公司 | 一种激光割缝自动在线检测装置 |
JP6011598B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-10-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | レーザ溶接方法 |
CN204621355U (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-09-09 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | 一种复合焊焊缝跟踪控制系统 |
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- 2018-11-13 DE DE102018128368.7A patent/DE102018128368A1/de active Pending
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2019
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- 2019-11-12 WO PCT/EP2019/081049 patent/WO2020099420A1/de unknown
- 2019-11-12 CN CN201980074783.9A patent/CN113195149A/zh active Pending
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2021
- 2021-05-12 US US17/318,263 patent/US20210260700A1/en active Pending
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KR20210089750A (ko) | 2021-07-16 |
US20210260700A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
DE102018128368A1 (de) | 2020-05-14 |
WO2020099420A1 (de) | 2020-05-22 |
KR102662183B1 (ko) | 2024-04-29 |
CN113195149A (zh) | 2021-07-30 |
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