EP3879200B1 - Radiator with temperature limitation - Google Patents

Radiator with temperature limitation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3879200B1
EP3879200B1 EP21159013.8A EP21159013A EP3879200B1 EP 3879200 B1 EP3879200 B1 EP 3879200B1 EP 21159013 A EP21159013 A EP 21159013A EP 3879200 B1 EP3879200 B1 EP 3879200B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiator
heating element
electric heating
temperature
electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21159013.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3879200A1 (en
EP3879200C0 (en
Inventor
Tomasz Trzesowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zehnder Group International AG
Original Assignee
Zehnder Group International AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zehnder Group International AG filed Critical Zehnder Group International AG
Publication of EP3879200A1 publication Critical patent/EP3879200A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3879200B1 publication Critical patent/EP3879200B1/en
Publication of EP3879200C0 publication Critical patent/EP3879200C0/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1084—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/124—Preventing or detecting electric faults, e.g. electric leakage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0411—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2064—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters
    • F24H9/2071—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heaters using electrical energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H05B1/0275—Heating of spaces, e.g. rooms, wardrobes
    • H05B1/0277—Electric radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/20—Heat consumers
    • F24D2220/2009—Radiators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiator for heating a room and to a method of operating such a radiator for heating a room.
  • a radiator with a temperature-limiter Such a radiator comprises an electric heating element electrically connected to an electric power source and thermally connected to the radiator.
  • a radiator comprises a temperature limiter for limiting a surface temperature of the radiator during radiator operation by temporarily switching off said electric heating element.
  • the electric heating element can be switched off and on again (one switching cycle) by the temperature-limiter as a function of radiator surface temperature.
  • EP 1 795 827 A1 discloses an electric circuit for supplying thermal power for radiators. Further prior art relating to a radiator for drying towels is disclosed in FR 2 897 675 A1 .
  • a temperature-limiter also referred to as "limiter” is especially important for radiators that are used for drying and/or warming towels hung onto them, thus covering a portion of the radiator surface which may lead to dangerous overheating of the radiator.
  • Such radiators may be referred to as “towel rads” or “towel warmers”.
  • Such temperature-limiters have a given lifetime. Their lifetime is primarily determined by the number of switching cycles, i.e. the number of "switching-off-and-switching-on-again" cycles carried out by the temperature-limiter. A typical temperature-limiter has a lifetime of about 10'000 cycles.
  • the temperature-limiter will undergo many cycles for each period of drying and/or warming a towel. As a result, the lifetime of the temperature-limiter and of the entire radiator may be quite short.
  • the object of the invention has been achieved by providing a radiator for heating air in a room, typically by radiation and/or convection, said radiator comprising an electric heating element electrically connected to an electric power source and thermally connected to said radiator, a temperature limiter being provided for limiting a surface temperature of said radiator during operation of said radiator by temporarily switching off said electric heating element, wherein said radiator comprises a first electric heating element and a second electric heating element, each electrically connected to said electric power source, said temperature limiter being configured for temporarily switching off said second electric heating element, while maintaining the electric power flow to said first electric heating element, when the surface temperature of the radiator reaches a value above an upper threshold temperature.
  • the temperature limiter is provided for, i.e. is configured for, temporarily switching off the second electric heating element only.
  • the first heating element will not be affected by the switching operations of the temperature-limiter.
  • the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element are connected in parallel.
  • This electrical configuration lends itself to many geometrical configurations of a radiator with these two heating elements integrated in it.
  • at least one of said first and second electric heating elements is a resistive heating element having a resistive load.
  • the first and second resistive heating elements have a first resistive load R1 and a second resistive load R2, respectively.
  • the at least one of said first and second electric heating elements may be a magnetron (of the type as used in microwave ovens).
  • the magnetron provides both electromagnetic radiation and heat from its casing.
  • the magnetron radiation when radiated into a water-filled radiator with metal walls, causes rapid heating of the water.
  • the heat from the magnetron casing causes somewhat slower heating of the water.
  • the first electric heating element is a resistive heating element and the second electric heating element is a magnetron.
  • At least one overcurrent protection device is connected in series with the electric power source and with at least one of said first and second electric heating elements.
  • only one overcurrent protection device is connected in series with the electric power source and the parallel connection including the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element.
  • the at least one overcurrent protection device is a circuit breaker, preferably with self-holding function, and/or a fuse.
  • the radiator may have a towel hanging function.
  • the radiator may have a flat, plate-like shape.
  • the radiator may be provided with a towel bar and/or a towel opening and/or a towel hook.
  • the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element are arranged adjacent to each other at or within the radiator.
  • the two adjacent heating elements can be regarded and treated as one single resultant heating element (one effective heating element) which is practical.
  • the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element may be encapsulated in a heating cartridge (i.e. immersion heater) extending into a liquid-filled chamber of the radiator.
  • a heating cartridge i.e. immersion heater
  • the liquid is water or oil.
  • the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element may be embedded in the radiator material of the radiator.
  • the radiator material in which the heating elements are embedded is aluminum and/or steel and/or graphite.
  • the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element constitute a heat source in or at a radiator filled with a fluid forming a condensate/vapor system within the radiator.
  • the object of the invention has been achieved by providing a method of operating a radiator as defined in claim 1, for heating a room, which method comprises the following steps:
  • the method comprises the following step: d) if a surface temperature of said radiator reaches a value above said upper threshold temperature T2 and if said temperature-limiter (TL1) does not turn off the electric power flow to said second electric heating element (H2), turning off the electric power flow to both of said second electric heating element (H2) and said first electric heating element (H1) by a circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 1 an electrical configuration of an electric radiator 1' of the prior art is shown.
  • the radiator comprises an electric heating element H electrically connected to an electric power source 3' and thermally connected to the radiator 1'.
  • a temperature limiter TL is provided for limiting a surface temperature of the radiator 1' during radiator operation by temporarily switching off electric heating element H.
  • Radiator 1 comprises a first electric heating element H1 and a second electric heating element H2, both connected in parallel to an electric power source 3.
  • a temperature limiter TL1 is connected in series with the second heating element H2 in the second branch of the parallel connection for temporarily switching off the second electric heating element H2 while maintaining the electric power flow to the first electric heating element H1.
  • temperature limiter TL1 will temporarily switch off the second electric heating element H2 only.
  • Each of the first and second electric heating elements H1, H2 are a resistive heating element having a resistive load R1 and R2, respectively.
  • An overcurrent protection device 4 is connected in series with the electric power source 3 and the parallel connection including the first electric heating element H1 with resistance R1 and the second electric heating element H2 with resistance R2.
  • the overcurrent protection device 4 is a temperature limiter TL2 with self-holding function and optionally a fuse F.
  • a typical profile of temperature T as a function of time t for the radiator 1' of Fig. 1 is shown.
  • Heat is provided to radiator 1' via an electric heating element H by electric power from an electric power source 3' for operating the radiator 1' at a temperature T between a lower threshold temperature T1 and an upper threshold temperature T2 of a temperature limiter TL.
  • temperature-limiter TL will turn off electric power to electric heating element H. If a surface temperature of radiator 1' reaches a value below the lower threshold temperature T1, temperature-limiter TL will again turn on electric power to electric heating element H.
  • radiator 1' As a result, if radiator 1' is partially covered by a towel, a surface temperature of radiator 1' will increase until it passes the upper threshold temperature T2. Now, power to heating element H, i.e. the entire power to radiator 1', is turned off and the surface temperature will decrease until it passes the lower threshold temperature T1. Now, power to heating element H is again turned on and the surface temperature will again increase until it again passes the upper threshold temperature T2. The cycle starts over again.
  • a typical profile of temperature T as a function of time t for the radiator 1 of Fig. 2 is shown.
  • Heat is provided to radiator 1 via a first electric heating element H1 and via a second electric heating element H2 by electric power from an electric power source 3 for operating the radiator 1 at a temperature T between a lower threshold temperature T1 and an upper threshold temperature T2 of a temperature limiter TL.
  • temperature-limiter TL1 will turn off electric power to electric heating element H2 only, while maintaining electric power flow to first electric heating element H1. If a surface temperature of radiator 1 reaches a value below the lower threshold temperature T1, temperature-limiter TL1 will again turn on electric power to electric heating element H2.
  • radiator 1 As a result, if radiator 1 is partially covered by a towel, a surface temperature of radiator 1 will increase until it passes the upper threshold temperature T2. Now, power to second heating element H2, i.e. a portion of the power to radiator 1, is turned off and the surface temperature will decrease until it passes the lower threshold temperature T1. Now, power to heating element H2 is again turned on and the surface temperature will again increase until it again passes the upper threshold temperature T2. The cycle starts over again.
  • temperature-limiter TL1 switches off less than once and switches on less than once within 12 hours.
  • the temperature-limiter TL1 Due to the continued power supply from the first electric heating element H1 which is never switched off during the cycling of the second electric heating element H2 by the temperature-limiter TL1, the temperature decreases more slowly within each temperature cycle than in the configuration shown in Fig. 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP21159013.8A 2020-03-12 2021-02-24 Radiator with temperature limitation Active EP3879200B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2782020 2020-03-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3879200A1 EP3879200A1 (en) 2021-09-15
EP3879200B1 true EP3879200B1 (en) 2023-11-01
EP3879200C0 EP3879200C0 (en) 2023-11-01

Family

ID=74732780

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21159013.8A Active EP3879200B1 (en) 2020-03-12 2021-02-24 Radiator with temperature limitation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3879200B1 (pl)
PL (1) PL3879200T3 (pl)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2117194A (en) * 1982-02-17 1983-10-05 Gec Xpelair Ltd Electric fan heaters
ITVI20050328A1 (it) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-08 Ht Spa Circuito elettrico migliorato per l'erogazione di potenza termica, in particolare per radiatori
FR2897675B1 (fr) * 2006-02-22 2008-08-08 Atlantic Ind Soc Par Actions S Radiateur seche-serviettes a plusieurs zones chauffantes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3879200A1 (en) 2021-09-15
PL3879200T3 (pl) 2024-03-25
EP3879200C0 (en) 2023-11-01

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