EP3879069A1 - Abdeckungsartiges tiefseeschlamm-vulkan-assoziiertes erdgashydratausbeutungssystem und verfahren - Google Patents

Abdeckungsartiges tiefseeschlamm-vulkan-assoziiertes erdgashydratausbeutungssystem und verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3879069A1
EP3879069A1 EP20211931.9A EP20211931A EP3879069A1 EP 3879069 A1 EP3879069 A1 EP 3879069A1 EP 20211931 A EP20211931 A EP 20211931A EP 3879069 A1 EP3879069 A1 EP 3879069A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
natural gas
heat insulation
mud volcano
gas
exploitation
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Granted
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EP20211931.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3879069B1 (de
Inventor
Hong Cao
Wei Geng
Changling Liu
Zhilei SUN
Xilin ZHANG
Bin ZHAI
Cuiling XU
Xianrong ZHANG
Gang Dong
Youwen CAO
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Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology
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Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of exploration and exploitation of submarine natural gas hydrate resources, in particular to a coverage-type deep-sea mud volcano-associated natural gas hydrate exploitation system and method.
  • Natural gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline compounds formed by hydrocarbon gases such as methane and water in a high-pressure environment. Natural gas hydrates in the sea include deep diffused natural gas hydrates and superficial leaky natural gas hydrates according to the gas migration and accumulation manner, the burial depth and the genetic model. Wherein, the superficial leaky hydrates are closely associated with many special geologic bodies such as mud diaper, mud volcanoes and gas chimneys.
  • Superficial hydrates associated with mud volcanoes are well developed in many sea areas, and these mud volcanoes with a diameter of several meters to hundreds of meters protrude over the seabed by several meters to tens of meters and are rich of huge high-saturability hydrates. According to investigation, the reservoir of methane in a single mud volcano in Nankai Trough reaches one billion cubic meters, and tens to hundreds of such mud volcanoes are usually developed in groups. For example, 1742 superficial hydrate geologic bodies have been found in Japan sea, and most of these superficial hydrate geologic bodies are associated with mud volcanoes. Mud volcano-associated superficial hydrates are expected to play the same important role as the deep diffused hydrates in hydrate industrialization because of their extensive distribution on the seabed, small burial depth and thick and laminar occurrence manner, and have immeasurable resource significance.
  • the robot mining method may also result in environmental risks due to seabed excavation in spite of its novel idea, and because of the high technical difficulties and other difficulties of robot mining, it has not yet been implemented up to now in the seabed mining field including exploration of submarine manganese nodule crusts and metal sulfide, which indicates that the seabed robot is still a conceptual design for current mining and remains far off being put into industrial production.
  • the invention provides a coverage-type deep-sea mud volcano-associated natural gas hydrate exploitation system and method, which are mainly applied to submarine mud volcano-associated superficial massive hydrates and adopt a coverage-type heat-insulation heating method to exploit the hydrates according to the occurrence characteristics of the deep-sea mud volcano-associated hydrates.
  • the gas isolation and heat insulation unit further comprises thermal electrodes which are disposed at positions with a high hydrate saturability and a large thickness, the thermal electrodes and the carbon fiber heating wire layer of the gas isolation and heat insulation cover adopt two independent power supply circuits, and the power supply circuit of the thermal electrodes is separately buried between the asbestos heat insulation layer and the heat-proof gas isolation layer.
  • a safe unhooking system is disposed at a joint of an exploitation mother ship and the natural gas transport pipe to handle a sudden severe weather or other disastrous events to avoid risks and guarantee operation safety.
  • the power supply unit comprises a solar heating panel, a photoelectric converter and a storage battery which are disposed on the engineering ship support unit, and solar energy or electricity in the storage battery is transmitted into the gas isolation and heat insulation cover and the thermal electrodes through the power supply unit to heat the hydrates.
  • the engineering ship support unit comprises the exploitation mother ship, a hoisting mechanism and a natural gas storage device, a flow control valve is disposed on the natural gas storage device, a temperature-pressure sensor is disposed on the power supply cable, and the operating state of the system is determined and controlled according to system information collected by the temperature-pressure sensor and the flow control valve, so that safe and efficient operation of the system is guaranteed.
  • the invention further provides an exploitation method based on the coverage-type deep-sea mud volcano-associated natural gas hydrate exploitation system, comprising the following steps:
  • the position of the central conduit of the mud volcano is targeted according to the position of a cold spring vent determined by a two-dimensional multi-channel seismic section explanation result and a submarine image.
  • the first step is implemented specifically through the following sub-steps:
  • the second step is implemented specifically through the following steps:
  • the gas is delivered into a natural gas storage device on an exploitation mother ship through the natural gas transport pipe, and a safe unhooking system is disposed at a joint of the natural gas transport pipe and the exploitation mother ship to handle a sudden severe weather or other disastrous events.
  • the invention provides a coverage-type deep-sea mud volcano-associated natural gas hydrate exploitation system and method, which are mainly applied to submarine mud volcano-associated superficial massive hydrates and exploit natural gas hydrates through a heating method based on a specially-designed gas isolation and heat insulation cover and thermal electrodes.
  • Decomposed hydrates flow into a production well via perforated holes of the production well under the effect of a pressure difference at the bottom of the well, and a depressurization device is disposed in the production well to further decompose the hydrates to complete thermal production of the volcano-associated hydrates; moreover, to reduce energy consumption and improve economical efficiency, solar power generation is used to heat the thermal electrodes, and a ship-borne autonomous power supply device is used in rainy days or at night when the solar energy conversion efficiency is insufficient, so that stable and continuous production is guaranteed.
  • This embodiment provides a coverage-type exploitation system for thermal production of submarine deep-sea mud volcano-associated natural gas hydrates.
  • this system and relevant techniques can be used to exploit hydrates to obtain natural gas. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the exploitation system comprises an engineering ship support unit, a power supply unit, a drilling and casing unit and a gas isolation and heat insulation unit, wherein the engineering ship support unit comprises an exploitation mother ship 1, a hoisting mechanism 2, a natural gas storage device 3 and a safe unhooking system 8, a flow control valve 4 is disposed on the natural gas storage device 3, and the safe unhooking system is able to immediately separate the exploitation mother ship from other underwater systems in case of a sudden severe weather or other disastrous events to allow the exploitation mother ship to leave a working site to avoid risks and allow other systems to stay on a seabed; after the weather returns to normal or the disastrous events are eliminated, the exploitation mother ship can return to the site and continue to work after being connected to the underwater systems through an unhooking device.
  • the engineering ship support unit comprises an exploitation mother ship 1, a hoisting mechanism 2, a natural gas storage device 3 and a safe unhooking system 8, a flow control valve 4 is disposed on the natural gas storage device 3, and the safe unhooking system is able to
  • the power supply unit comprises a solar heating panel 5, a photoelectric converter 6 and a storage battery 7 which are disposed on the engineering ship support unit, the power supply unit is connected to the gas isolation and heat insulation unit through a power supply cable 10, a temperature-pressure sensor 9 is disposed on the power supply cable 10, solar energy or electricity in the storage battery is transmitted into the gas isolation and heat insulation cover and thermal electrodes through the power supply unit to heat the hydrates, and system information is automatically collected by the temperature-pressure sensor 9 and the flow control valve 4 to determine the operating state of the system and to control the operation of a valve in time to guarantee safe and efficient operation of the system;
  • the drilling and casing unit comprises a production well 11, perforated holes 12 and a natural gas transport pipe 14, wherein the perforated holes 12 are formed in a hydrate enrichment layer in the production well 11 to better guide the hydrates to release fluid, and a depressurization control valve 13 is disposed at an appropriate position of the natural gas transport pipe 14 to combine pressurization and thermal production to guarantee smooth output of the natural gas
  • a well is preferably drilled in a central conduit of the mud volcano, which is an important passage for material exchange between mud volcano fluid and the outside and has a good lateral circulation condition; after the hydrates are heated to be decomposed, gas will migrate into the central conduit to be collected; and specifically, the position of the central conduit of the mud volcano can be targeted according to the position of a cold spring vent determined by a two-dimensional multi-channel seismic section explanation result and a submarine image.
  • the gas isolation and heat insulation unit can only supply heat into the sediment layer, including the gas isolation and heat insulation cover 15 and the thermal electrodes 16;
  • the gas isolation and heat insulation cover 15 is a special heating body and sequentially comprises, from bottom to top, a heat-conducting aluminum foil layer 151, a carbon fiber heating wire layer 152, an asbestos heat insulation layer 153 and a heat-proof gas isolation layer 154.
  • the heat-conducting aluminum foil layer 151 has a flame-retarding and heat-conducting function, thus facilitating heat transfer to the sediment layer below;
  • the carbon fiber heating wire 152 is made of carbon fiber materials and is disposed in the gas isolation and heat insulation cover in an S shape, a hollow square shape or a wavy shape;
  • the asbestos heat insulation layer 153 is subjected to heat-insulation treatment with asbestos materials to supply heat only into the sediment layer to efficiently and uniformly heat the natural gas hydrate reservoir;
  • a heat-proof plastic film (made of polysulfone plastic and capable of being used under 100-180°C for a long time) is laid on the surface of the heat-insulating asbestos layer to serve as the heat-proof gas isolation layer 154 to endow the device with a gas leakage prevention function, so that gas generated by decomposing the hydrates will not leak to the ocean or the atmosphere via a covering layer; moreover, the four layers have food flexibility and can be bent freely according to the shape of the mud volcano without compromising the
  • the thermal electrodes 16 and carbon fiber heating wires of the gas isolation and heat insulation cover 15 adopt independent power supply circuits; during construction, the circuit of the thermal electrodes is separately buried between the heat insulation layer and the gas isolation layer of the gas isolation and heat insulation cover 15, so that an opening does not need to be additionally formed in the gas isolation and heat insulation cover 15 anymore, the construction difficulty will not be increased, and the risk of gas leakage is avoided; during exploitation, power is supplied to the thermal electrodes separately, and the heating efficiency is controlled through a temperature control switch to satisfy the heating requirements of hydrates with different thicknesses.
  • a coverage-type heat-insulation heating method is adopted according to the occurrence characteristics of deep-sea mud volcano hydrates; the gas isolation and heat insulation cover can be laid freely according to the shape of the mud volcano, has a good gas leakage prevention capacity to prevent gas generated by decomposing the hydrates n from leaking from the flank, and can realize uniform heating; heat-insulation treatment is carried out between the gas isolation layer and the heating layer with asbestos materials, so that the heating layer only supplies heat to the hydrates below to minimize energy consumption; moreover, multiple thermal electrodes are disposed at the position with a high hydrate saturability and a large thickness and are effectively connected to heating elements of the gas isolation and heat insulation cover, and each thermal electrode can penetrate to a required depth according to the actual depth of the hydrates to further heat the hydrates in a target region, so that the decomposed hydrates can flow into the production well via the perforated holes of the production well under the effect of a pressure difference at the bottom of the well.
  • This embodiment provides a corresponding exploitation method based on the coverage-type deep-sea mud volcano-associated natural gas hydrate exploitation system disclosed in Embodiment 1.
  • the exploitation method specifically comprises the following steps:
  • the gas isolation and heat insulation cover is disposed on the flank of the mud volcano by means of an engineering robot; Holes are drilled in positions, with a high hydrate saturability and a large thickness, of the flank of the mud volcano, and the thermal electrodes 16 are placed into the holes. Then, the gas isolation and heat insulation cover 15 is regularly disposed on the mud volcano by means of the engineering underwater robot and is connected to the thermal electrodes 16 placed into the holes. An opening is formed in the position, corresponding to a central hole of the mud volcano, of the gas isolation and heat insulation cover 15. In this way, construction of the gas isolation and heat insulation unit is completed.
  • the hydrates are heated by the ship-borne power supply unit (the solar panel and the standby storage battery); Solar energy collected by the solar heating panel 5 of the exploitation mother ship 1 is converted into electric energy by the photoelectric converter 6, and the electric energy is transmitted to the volcano gas isolation and heat insulation cover 15 on the seabed.
  • the gas isolation and heat insulation 15 and the integrated thermal electrodes 16 supply power to heat the natural gas hydrates.
  • the ship-borne storage battery 7 is started to supply power to guarantee that the whole production process is stable and continuous.
  • gas in the production well is collected and is stored on the ship; After gas released by the hydrates flows into the production well 11 via the perforated holes 12, the gas can be delivered into the natural gas storage device 3 on the exploitation mother ship through the natural gas transport pipe 14 so as to be stored.
  • the depressurization control valve 13 is disposed on the natural gas transport pipe, so that the risk of instrument damage caused by an excessively high pressure in the gas accumulation process is prevented; the pressure can be decreased properly to combine thermal production and depressurization to prompt the hydrate exploitation efficiency to be improved.
  • system information is automatically collected by the temperature-pressure sensor 9 and the flow control valve 4 to determine the operating state of the system and to control the operation of the valve in time to switch the operating mode, so that the working requirements under different conditions are met, and safe and efficient operation of the system is guaranteed.
  • a coverage-type heat-insulation heating method is adopted according to the occurrence characteristics of deep-sea mud volcano hydrates, so that the defects of small heating range, high energy consumption and low output rate of a heating-type hydrate exploitation method are overcome, and the exploitation efficiency can be greatly improved; moreover, possible environmental risks and eco-catastrophes caused by large-area excavation on the seabed of existing methods are avoided; in addition, solar energy is used on the site, so that the cost is low, environmental friendliness is realized, and in use, the system is driven by standby electricity stored on the ship at night and in rainy days by controlling the pressure condition of the gas well.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
EP20211931.9A 2020-03-09 2020-12-04 Abdeckungsartiges tiefseeschlamm-vulkan-assoziiertes erdgashydratausbeutungssystem und verfahren Active EP3879069B1 (de)

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CN202010159725.0A CN111155972B (zh) 2020-03-09 2020-03-09 一种覆盖式深海泥火山型天然气水合物开采系统及方法

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JP (1) JP6892177B1 (de)
CN (1) CN111155972B (de)
AU (1) AU2020286197B2 (de)
DK (1) DK3879069T3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115182705A (zh) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-14 广东中煤江南工程勘测设计有限公司 一种海底冷泉开采装置及方法
WO2022248998A1 (en) * 2021-05-25 2022-12-01 Aarbakke Innovation As Water bottom deployable gas hydrate production system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114708780B (zh) * 2022-05-12 2023-02-24 青岛海洋地质研究所 一种泥火山形成的物理模拟实验装置及其方法

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JP2000282775A (ja) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-10 Taiyo Kogyo Corp メタンハイドレートガスの採取方法及び装置
WO2013025644A1 (en) * 2011-08-12 2013-02-21 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for extracting and processing gases from submerged sources
CN110630269A (zh) * 2019-10-12 2019-12-31 广州海洋地质调查局 一种适用于海底泥火山的天然气采集装置

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US8869880B2 (en) * 2007-02-12 2014-10-28 Gaumer Company, Inc. System for subsea extraction of gaseous materials from, and prevention, of hydrates
CN105840148B (zh) * 2016-03-24 2019-01-01 西南石油大学 外浮箱阶梯管循环热水加热的海底天然气收集装置及方法
CN105822267B (zh) * 2016-03-31 2021-01-26 杨溢 一种开采深海天然气水合物的方法与开采装置
CN106884627B (zh) * 2017-03-28 2019-03-26 中国石油大学(华东) 一种海底天然气水合物开采装置
CN108643869B (zh) * 2018-04-24 2020-08-04 西南石油大学 一种海底浅层天然气水合物固态流化绿色开采装置及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000282775A (ja) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-10 Taiyo Kogyo Corp メタンハイドレートガスの採取方法及び装置
WO2013025644A1 (en) * 2011-08-12 2013-02-21 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for extracting and processing gases from submerged sources
CN110630269A (zh) * 2019-10-12 2019-12-31 广州海洋地质调查局 一种适用于海底泥火山的天然气采集装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022248998A1 (en) * 2021-05-25 2022-12-01 Aarbakke Innovation As Water bottom deployable gas hydrate production system
CN115182705A (zh) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-14 广东中煤江南工程勘测设计有限公司 一种海底冷泉开采装置及方法
CN115182705B (zh) * 2022-07-27 2024-03-22 广东中煤江南工程勘测设计有限公司 一种海底冷泉开采装置及方法

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JP6892177B1 (ja) 2021-06-23
CN111155972A (zh) 2020-05-15
EP3879069B1 (de) 2022-03-23
DK3879069T3 (da) 2022-04-04
JP2021139274A (ja) 2021-09-16
AU2020286197A1 (en) 2021-09-23
AU2020286197B2 (en) 2021-11-04
CN111155972B (zh) 2020-09-22

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