EP3875855B1 - Method for monitoring and controlling a process of a gas boiler - Google Patents

Method for monitoring and controlling a process of a gas boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3875855B1
EP3875855B1 EP21156348.1A EP21156348A EP3875855B1 EP 3875855 B1 EP3875855 B1 EP 3875855B1 EP 21156348 A EP21156348 A EP 21156348A EP 3875855 B1 EP3875855 B1 EP 3875855B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
exhaust gas
combustion chamber
gas flow
fuel gas
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EP21156348.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3875855A1 (en
Inventor
Jens Hermann
Stephan MICHAEL
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Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
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Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/02—Space-heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring and controlling a process of a gas boiler, in which a fuel gas-air mixture comprising air and a fuel gas is burned in a combustion chamber, with a controlled variable of at least one sensor for adjusting a mixing ratio of air flow and fuel gas flow using suitable actuators , which are arranged in front of the combustion chamber, is used.
  • the process is regulated according to the prior art on the basis of an ionization current measurement of a flame.
  • a characteristic curve defines a setpoint to which control is carried out. Because the ionization current drops in a low power range due to the small flame size, this method does not offer a reliable function of the gas boiler across the entire working range.
  • a method for operating a gas burner wherein during phases in which the burner is switched on, a defined fuel gas-air mixture, which has a defined mixing ratio of fuel gas and air, is provided to a combustion chamber of the gas burner for combustion of the defined fuel gas -Air mixture in the combustion chamber, wherein the defined fuel gas-air mixture is provided by a mixing device which mixes an air flow provided by an air line with a fuel gas flow provided by a fuel gas line, wherein a fan mixes the air flow provided by the air line and the through the Fuel gas flow provided by the fuel gas line is sucked in, the defined fuel gas-air mixture being regulated by modulating the fuel gas flow, the burner load of the gas burner being regulated by modulating the speed of the fan, and the defined mixing ratio of fuel gas and air of the defined fuel gas-air mixture is calibrated for different fuel gas qualities on the basis of a signal
  • the object of the invention is therefore to develop a method which enables the process of the gas boiler to be regulated continuously over a high modulation range, regardless of the type of fuel gas and/or ambient conditions and/or installation conditions.
  • the sensor is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber in an exhaust gas stream of the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas stream from the combustion chamber at least partially flows around it and sensor data measured by the sensor about the material composition of the exhaust gas stream recorded as a controlled variable.
  • the controlled variable is detected by means of at least one thermal sensor, in particular a thermal conductivity sensor.
  • Sensor data regarding the thermal conductivity of the exhaust gas stream can be used to draw conclusions about its composition and thus about the combustion process, which can be optimized.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a gas boiler 10, on which the method according to the invention is described.
  • the gas boiler 10 comprises a combustion chamber 8 from whose exhaust gas stream 9 a partial exhaust gas stream 4 is discharged. Furthermore, the gas boiler 10 comprises a cooler 2. A condensate of the exhaust gas partial stream 4 generated by the cooler 2 is discharged to a condensate separator 3 via the condensate drain 5 in order to enable measurement by means of a sensor 1.
  • An extraction throttle 6 of the gas boiler 10 can, according to an embodiment variant, reduce the inner cross section of the exhaust gas partial flow discharge line 7.
  • the method for monitoring and controlling a process of the gas boiler 10, in which a fuel gas-air mixture comprising air and a fuel gas is burned in a combustion chamber 8, comprises the following steps.
  • the sensor 1 of the combustion chamber 8 is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber in an exhaust gas stream 9 and is at least partially flowed around by the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber. Sensor data measured by the sensor 1 about the material composition of the exhaust gas stream 9 is recorded as the controlled variable.
  • a condensate separation is carried out on a condensate separator 3 from an exhaust gas partial stream 4 branched off from the exhaust gas stream 9.
  • the condensate is drained from the condensate separator 3 via a condensate drain 5.
  • the condensate is condensed out of the exhaust gas partial stream 4 by means of the cooler 2.
  • a controlled variable of the sensor 1 is recorded in the exhaust gas partial stream 4.
  • the sensor 1 for detecting the controlled variable is designed as a thermal conductivity sensor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Überwachung und Regelung eines Prozesses einer Gastherme, in welchem ein Luft und ein Brenngas umfassendes Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch in einer Verbrennungskammer verbrannt wird, wobei eine Regelgröße wenigstens eines Sensors zur Anpassung eines Mischverhältnisses von Luftstrom und Brenngasstrom durch geeignete Stellglieder, die vor der Brennkammer angeordnet sind, genutzt wird.The invention relates to a method for monitoring and controlling a process of a gas boiler, in which a fuel gas-air mixture comprising air and a fuel gas is burned in a combustion chamber, with a controlled variable of at least one sensor for adjusting a mixing ratio of air flow and fuel gas flow using suitable actuators , which are arranged in front of the combustion chamber, is used.

Bei derartigen Verfahren wird der Prozess nach dem Stand der Technik auf der Basis einer Ionisationsstrommessung einer Flamme geregelt. Eine Kennlinie definiert einen Sollwert, auf den geregelt wird. Dadurch dass in einem niedrigen Leistungsbereich der Ionisationsstrom auf Grund der geringen Flammengröße sinkt, bietet dieses Verfahren keine zuverlässige Funktion der Gastherme über den gesamten Arbeitsbereich hinweg.In such methods, the process is regulated according to the prior art on the basis of an ionization current measurement of a flame. A characteristic curve defines a setpoint to which control is carried out. Because the ionization current drops in a low power range due to the small flame size, this method does not offer a reliable function of the gas boiler across the entire working range.

Aus der EP 2631 541 B1 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, das in einem pneumatischen Verbund mittels Gemischkorrektur auf Basis einer Ionisationsstrommessung arbeitet. Hierbei ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners bekannt, wobei während Phasen, in welchen der Brenner eingeschaltet ist, einer Verbrennungskammer des Gasbrenners ein definiertes Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch, das ein definiertes Mischungsverhältnis von Brenngas und Luft aufweist, bereitgestellt wird zur Verbrennung des definierten Brenngas-Luft-Gemischs in der Verbrennungskammer, wobei das definierte Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch durch eine Mischvorrichtung bereitgestellt wird, welche einen durch eine Luftleitung bereitgestellten Luftstrom mit einem durch eine Brenngasleitung bereitgestellten Brenngasstrom vermischt, wobei ein Gebläse den durch die Luftleitung bereitgestellten Luftstrom und den durch die Brenngasleitung bereitgestellten Brenngasstrom ansaugt, wobei das definierte Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch durch Modulation des Brenngasstroms geregelt wird, wobei die Brennerlast des Gasbrenners durch Modulation der Geschwindigkeit des Gebläses geregelt wird, und wobei das definierte Mischungsverhältnis von Brenngas und Luft des definierten Brenngas-Luft-Gemischs für verschiedene Brenngasqualitäten kalibriert wird auf der Grundlage eines Signals, das von einem Sensor, welcher der Mischvorrichtung nachgelagert angeordnet ist, bereitgestellt wird.From the EP 2631 541 B1 a method is known that works in a pneumatic system by means of mixture correction based on ionization current measurement. Here, a method for operating a gas burner is known, wherein during phases in which the burner is switched on, a defined fuel gas-air mixture, which has a defined mixing ratio of fuel gas and air, is provided to a combustion chamber of the gas burner for combustion of the defined fuel gas -Air mixture in the combustion chamber, wherein the defined fuel gas-air mixture is provided by a mixing device which mixes an air flow provided by an air line with a fuel gas flow provided by a fuel gas line, wherein a fan mixes the air flow provided by the air line and the through the Fuel gas flow provided by the fuel gas line is sucked in, the defined fuel gas-air mixture being regulated by modulating the fuel gas flow, the burner load of the gas burner being regulated by modulating the speed of the fan, and the defined mixing ratio of fuel gas and air of the defined fuel gas-air mixture is calibrated for different fuel gas qualities on the basis of a signal provided by a sensor which is arranged downstream of the mixing device.

DE 35 17 471 A1 offenbart ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Überwachung und Regelung eines Prozesses einer Gastherme. DE 35 17 471 A1 discloses a generic method for monitoring and regulating a gas boiler process.

Nachteilig ist der quadratische Zusammenhang zwischen Druck und Volumenstrom. Dieser sorgt für das Auftreten extrem niedriger Regeldrücke, die sehr empfindlich gegen Umgebungseinflüsse, wie etwa Wind, sind. Eine Gemischregelung in einem niedrigen Leistungspunkt ist daher schwer möglich.The quadratic relationship between pressure and volume flow is disadvantageous. This ensures that extremely low control pressures occur, which are very sensitive to environmental influences such as wind. Mixture control at a low power point is therefore difficult.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zu entwickeln, welches unabhängig von Art des Brenngases und/oder Umgebungsbedingungen und/oder Einbaubedingungen, kontinuierlich über einen hohen Modulationsbereich hinweg, die Regelung des Prozesses der Gastherme ermöglicht.The object of the invention is therefore to develop a method which enables the process of the gas boiler to be regulated continuously over a high modulation range, regardless of the type of fuel gas and/or ambient conditions and/or installation conditions.

Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 gelöst, indem der Sensor der Verbrennungskammer in einem Abgasstrom der Verbrennungskammer nachgelagert angeordnet ist, von dem Abgasstrom aus der Verbrennungskammer zumindest teilweise umströmt wird und von dem Sensor gemessene Sensordaten über die stoffliche Zusammensetzung des Abgasstroms als eine Regelgröße erfasst werden. Hierdurch können Rückschlüsse auf den Verbrennungsprozess gezogen und dieser dadurch optimiert werden.This object is achieved based on the features of the preamble of claim 1 in that the sensor is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber in an exhaust gas stream of the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas stream from the combustion chamber at least partially flows around it and sensor data measured by the sensor about the material composition of the exhaust gas stream recorded as a controlled variable. This allows conclusions to be drawn about the combustion process and thus optimized.

Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, in einem der Sensordatenmessung vorgelagerten Verfahrensschritt eine Kondensatabscheidung aus dem Abgasstrom auszuführen. Hierdurch kann die Sensormessung an einem stofflich ausgedünnten Abgasstrom durchgeführt werden, was die Qualität der Messung sowie die Lebensdauer des Sensors verbessert.Furthermore, it is provided to carry out a condensate separation from the exhaust gas stream in a method step preceding the sensor data measurement. This allows the sensor measurement to be carried out on a material-thinned exhaust gas stream, which improves the quality of the measurement and the service life of the sensor.

Es ist außerdem vorgesehen, die Kondensatabscheidung mittels Kühlung des Abgasstroms auszuführen. Eine Reduktion der Temperatur des Abgasstroms erzeugt einen Übergang von dem gasförmigen zu dem flüssigen Aggregatzustand der Abgasbestandteile. Das Verfahren der Kühlung ist eine kostengünstige Möglichkeit zur Kondensatabscheidung und bedarf nur eines geringen Installationsaufwands.It is also planned to carry out the condensate separation by cooling the exhaust gas stream. A reduction in the temperature of the exhaust gas stream produces a transition from the gaseous to the liquid state of aggregation of the exhaust gas components. The cooling process is a cost-effective option for condensate separation and requires little installation effort.

Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, die Regelgröße des Sensors in einem Abgasteilstrom zu erfassen. Hierdurch kann die Messung an handelsüblichen Installationen erfolgen und der Abgasstrom zu seinem größten Teil ohne Umweg, ungehindert abströmen.Furthermore, it is provided to record the controlled variable of the sensor in a partial exhaust gas stream. This means that the measurement can be carried out on standard installations and most of the exhaust gas flow can flow out unhindered and without detours.

Es ist außerdem vorgesehen, die Regelgröße mittels wenigstens eines thermischen Sensors, insbesondere eines thermischen Leitfähigkeitssensors, zu erfassen. Sensordaten bezüglich der thermischen Leitfähigkeit des Abgasstroms lassen sich nutzen, um Rückschlüsse auf dessen Zusammensetzung und somit auf den Verbrennungsprozess zu ziehen, wodurch dieser optimiert werden kann.It is also provided that the controlled variable is detected by means of at least one thermal sensor, in particular a thermal conductivity sensor. Sensor data regarding the thermal conductivity of the exhaust gas stream can be used to draw conclusions about its composition and thus about the combustion process, which can be optimized.

Zusätzliche Erfindungsdetails sind anhand schematischer Ausführungsbeispiele der Zeichnung zu entnehmen.Additional details of the invention can be found in the drawing using schematic exemplary embodiments.

Hierbei zeigt:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Gastherme, welche mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens betreibbar ist.
This shows:
Figure 1
a schematic representation of a gas boiler, which can be operated using the method according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt beispielhaft eine Gastherme 10, an welcher das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beschrieben wird. Die Gastherme 10 umfasst eine Verbrennungskammer 8 aus deren Abgasstrom 9 ein Abgasteilstrom 4 ausgeleitet wird. Weiterhin umfasst die Gastherme 10 einen Kühler 2. Ein mittels des Kühlers 2 erzeugtes Kondensat des Abgasteilstroms 4 wird an einem Kondensatabscheider 3 über die Kondensatableitung 5 abgeführt, um eine Messung mittels eines Sensors 1 zu ermöglichen. Eine Entnahmedrossel 6 der Gastherme 10 kann entsprechend einer Ausführungsvariante den inneren Querschnitt der Abgasteilstromableitung 7 verringern. Figure 1 shows an example of a gas boiler 10, on which the method according to the invention is described. The gas boiler 10 comprises a combustion chamber 8 from whose exhaust gas stream 9 a partial exhaust gas stream 4 is discharged. Furthermore, the gas boiler 10 comprises a cooler 2. A condensate of the exhaust gas partial stream 4 generated by the cooler 2 is discharged to a condensate separator 3 via the condensate drain 5 in order to enable measurement by means of a sensor 1. An extraction throttle 6 of the gas boiler 10 can, according to an embodiment variant, reduce the inner cross section of the exhaust gas partial flow discharge line 7.

Das Verfahren zur Überwachung und Regelung eines Prozesses der Gastherme 10, in welchem ein Luft und ein Brenngas umfassendes Brenngas-Luft-Gemisch in einer Verbrennungskammer 8 verbrannt wird, umfasst folgende Schritte. Der Sensor 1 der Verbrennungskammer 8 ist in einem Abgasstrom 9 der Verbrennungskammer nachgelagert angeordnet und wird vom Abgas aus der Verbrennungskammer zumindest teilweise umströmt. Von dem Sensor 1 gemessene Sensordaten über die stoffliche Zusammensetzung des Abgasstroms 9 werden als die Regelgröße erfasst.The method for monitoring and controlling a process of the gas boiler 10, in which a fuel gas-air mixture comprising air and a fuel gas is burned in a combustion chamber 8, comprises the following steps. The sensor 1 of the combustion chamber 8 is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber in an exhaust gas stream 9 and is at least partially flowed around by the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber. Sensor data measured by the sensor 1 about the material composition of the exhaust gas stream 9 is recorded as the controlled variable.

In einem mittels des Sensors 1 ausgeführten, der Sensordatenmessung vorgelagerten, Verfahrensschritt wird an einem Kondensatabscheider 3 eine Kondensatabscheidung aus einem, aus dem Abgasstrom 9 abgezweigten Abgasteilstrom 4 ausgeführt.In a method step carried out by means of the sensor 1 and upstream of the sensor data measurement, a condensate separation is carried out on a condensate separator 3 from an exhaust gas partial stream 4 branched off from the exhaust gas stream 9.

Das Kondensat wird aus dem Kondensatabscheider 3 über eine Kondensatableitung 5 abgeleitet. Das Kondensat wird mittels des Kühlers 2 aus dem Abgasteilstrom 4 auskondensiert. Eine Regelgröße des Sensors 1 wird in dem Abgasteilstrom 4 erfasst. Der Sensor 1 zur Erfassung der Regelgröße ist als thermischer Leitfähigkeitssensors ausgeführt.The condensate is drained from the condensate separator 3 via a condensate drain 5. The condensate is condensed out of the exhaust gas partial stream 4 by means of the cooler 2. A controlled variable of the sensor 1 is recorded in the exhaust gas partial stream 4. The sensor 1 for detecting the controlled variable is designed as a thermal conductivity sensor.

Bezugszeichenliste:List of reference symbols:

11
Sensorsensor
22
Kühlercooler
33
KondensatabscheiderCondensate separator
44
AbgasteilstromPartial exhaust flow
55
KondensatableitungCondensate drainage
66
EntnahmedrosselWithdrawal throttle
77
AbgasteilstromableitungExhaust gas partial flow diversion
88th
VerbrennungskammerCombustion chamber
99
AbgasstromExhaust gas flow
1010
Gasthermegas boiler

Claims (4)

  1. Method for monitoring and controlling a process in a gas boiler (10), in which a fuel gas/air mixture comprising air and a fuel gas is burnt in a combustion chamber (8), wherein a control variable of at least one sensor (1) is used for adjusting a mixing ratio of air flow and fuel gas flow using suitable actuators which are arranged upstream of the combustion chamber, wherein the sensor (1) is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber (8) in an exhaust gas flow (9) of the combustion chamber (8) and the exhaust gas flow (9) from the combustion chamber (8) flows around at least part of the sensor, and wherein sensor data about the material composition of the exhaust gas flow (9) measured by the sensor (1) are detected as the control variable, characterized in that the sensor (1) is a thermal sensor, in particular for measuring a thermal conductivity.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in a method step preceding the sensor data measurement, condensate separation from the exhaust gas flow (9) is performed.
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the condensate separation is performed by means of cooling the exhaust gas flow (9).
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control variable of the sensor (1) is detected in a partial exhaust gas flow (4).
EP21156348.1A 2020-03-05 2021-02-10 Method for monitoring and controlling a process of a gas boiler Active EP3875855B1 (en)

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DE102020106040.8A DE102020106040A1 (en) 2020-03-05 2020-03-05 Method for monitoring and regulating a process in a gas boiler

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EP3875855B1 true EP3875855B1 (en) 2023-11-15

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3606790A (en) * 1968-01-23 1971-09-21 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Method for measuring air-fuel ratio
DE69014308T2 (en) * 1989-10-30 1995-04-13 Honeywell Inc COMBUSTION CONTROL WITH MICROMEASURING BRIDGE.

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3517471A1 (en) * 1984-05-19 1985-11-28 Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid Control for the fuel/air ratio of a fuel-heated heat source
DE3435902A1 (en) 1984-09-29 1986-04-10 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Arrangement for automatic control of the excess air in a combustion
GB2214666B (en) * 1987-12-03 1992-04-08 British Gas Plc Fuel burner apparatus and a method of control
DE9414414U1 (en) 1994-09-06 1994-10-27 Brigon Messtechnik Michael Ihr Condensate separator
DE29621815U1 (en) 1996-12-16 1997-03-13 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh Boiler with sensors in the exhaust gas flow
DE19906307A1 (en) * 1999-02-16 2000-09-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Production of electrodes for a sensor comprises forming three-phase boundaries in the electrode using glass coal as a pore former
US8109759B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2012-02-07 Fives North America Combustion, Inc. Assured compliance mode of operating a combustion system
EP2631541B1 (en) 2012-02-27 2018-04-11 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Method for operating a gas burner
DE202019100264U1 (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-02-04 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Heater with control of a gas mixture using a gas sensor and a gas mixture sensor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3606790A (en) * 1968-01-23 1971-09-21 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Method for measuring air-fuel ratio
DE69014308T2 (en) * 1989-10-30 1995-04-13 Honeywell Inc COMBUSTION CONTROL WITH MICROMEASURING BRIDGE.

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