EP3870740A1 - Gaswechselventil - Google Patents
GaswechselventilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3870740A1 EP3870740A1 EP19795136.1A EP19795136A EP3870740A1 EP 3870740 A1 EP3870740 A1 EP 3870740A1 EP 19795136 A EP19795136 A EP 19795136A EP 3870740 A1 EP3870740 A1 EP 3870740A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- phosphorus
- boron carbide
- gas exchange
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
- F01L2301/02—Using ceramic materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/01—Absolute values
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas exchange valve, a tribological system with such a gas exchange valve and an internal combustion engine with such a valve seat ring or such a tribological system.
- the invention further relates to a method for coating a gas exchange valve.
- a generic gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine with a valve disk and a valve stem is known from DE 10 2014 225 741 A1.
- a nickel-phosphorus layer is applied to the valve stem at least in some areas. In particular, this is intended to prevent excessive wear of the gas exchange valve during operation.
- valve guide against which the valve stem rubs during operation of the internal combustion engine, is also subject to wear. This can result in the valve no longer returning centrally to the valve seat and not sealing well.
- thermal and chemical loads such as those caused by oils, lubricants or other substances, also play a decisive role, since these can often have a negative impact on corrosion and thus wear resistance.
- the present invention is therefore concerned with the problem of specifying an improved or at least an alternative embodiment for a gas exchange valve of the generic type, which is characterized in particular by increased wear resistance.
- the present invention is based on the general idea of providing a gas exchange valve known per se with a valve disk and a valve stem, at least in some areas with an applied nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer.
- a nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer has proven particularly good against wear of the gas exchange valve and the valve guide that guides the gas exchange valve during operation of the gas exchange valve.
- a gas exchange valve comprises a valve stem and a valve disk, a nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer being arranged on the valve stem at least in regions.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer contains 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3% by weight, of phosphorus.
- a phosphorus portion of the layer ensures a high wear resistance for the gas exchange valve and for a valve guide and a significantly increased corrosion protection for the gas exchange valve, which, in particular when used as an inlet or outlet valve, not only high thermal and mechanical, but also wet chemical corrosion (condensate corrosion ) is exposed.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer contains 2 to 7% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight, of boron carbide.
- boron carbide portion of the layer also ensures a high wear resistance for the gas exchange valve and for the valve guide and a significantly increased corrosion protection for the gas exchange valve.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer advantageously has a mixed hardness between 350 HV and 1500 HV, preferably between 400 HV and 800 HV. This embodiment proves to be particularly wear and corrosion resistant and reduces wear on the valve guide particularly well.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer d has an average grain diameter of less than 5 ° 1, 5 miti, preferably less than 0.8 miti on. With such a particle diameter, the counterpart, i.e. the valve guide, is polished and not abrasively attacked.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer has a layer thickness between 5 to 20 miti, preferably between 8 to 12 miti. In this way, wear on a particularly large surface of the valve stem and the valve guide is reduced on the one hand, and on the other hand, this embodiment enables the gas exchange valve to be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer has a length between 60 mm and 140 mm along an axial direction of the valve stem. In this way, too, wear on a particularly large surface of the valve stem and the valve guide is reduced, and on the other hand, this embodiment enables the gas exchange valve to be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer on the valve stem is expediently arranged exclusively in the region of a valve guide. This enables a particularly cost-efficient manufacture of the gas exchange valve.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer on the valve stem is particularly expediently arranged all the way round. This embodiment also proves to be particularly resistant to wear and corrosion and reduces wear on the valve guide particularly well.
- valve stem has a diameter between 5 mm and 10 mm.
- the gas exchange valve contains the martensitic steels X45 and / or X85 and / or the austenitic steels X50 and / or nickel-based materials NCF 3015 and / or Nimonic80A.
- Such a gas exchange valve proves to be particularly wear and corrosion resistant.
- An adhesive layer with a layer thickness of less than 1 ⁇ m is particularly preferably arranged between the valve stem and the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer. Such an adhesive layer enables an extremely firm connection of the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer to the gas exchange valve.
- the adhesive layer between the valve stem and the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer likewise preferably contains nickel. Such an adhesive layer ensures a particularly strong connection of the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer to the gas exchange valve.
- the invention also relates to a tribological system which comprises a gas exchange valve and a valve guide which have been presented above.
- a gas exchange valve and a valve guide which have been presented above.
- the advantages of the gas exchange valve according to the invention explained above are thus also transferred to the tribological system according to the invention.
- the invention further relates to an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine comprises a previously described gas exchange valve which is a previously presented tribological system.
- the above-explained advantages of the gas exchange valve according to the invention or of the tribological system according to the invention are therefore also transferred to the internal combustion engine according to the invention.
- the invention further relates to a method for coating a gas exchange valve, which comprises a valve stem and a valve disk.
- a nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer is applied galvanically to the valve stem at least in some areas.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer is particularly advantageously applied galvanically by means of current densities between 30 A / dm 2 and 200 A / dm 2 , in particular between 90 A / dm 2 and 120 A / dm 2 .
- This current density range enables an optimal proportion of nickel, phosphorus and boron carbide in the applied layer.
- the applied nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer contains 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3% by weight, of phosphorus.
- a nickel portion of the applied layer ensures a high wear resistance for the gas exchange valve and for the valve guide and a significantly increased corrosion protection for the gas exchange valve.
- the applied nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer contains 2 to 7% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight, of boron carbide.
- Such a proportion of boron carbide in the applied layer likewise ensures high wear resistance for the gas exchange valve and for the valve guide and significantly increased corrosion protection for the gas exchange valve.
- An adhesive layer is particularly preferably applied galvanically between the valve stem and the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer.
- Such a detention Layer enables an extremely firm connection of the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer with the gas exchange valve.
- the adhesive layer between the valve stem and the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer is also advantageously applied galvanically by means of current densities between 4 A / dm 2 and 40 A / dm 2 , in particular between 25 A / dm 2 and 35 A / dm 2 - brought.
- This current density range enables a particularly firm connection of the adhesive layer to the gas exchange valve and a particularly firm connection of the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer to the gas exchange valve by means of the adhesive layer.
- the applied adhesive layer between the valve stem and the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer likewise preferably contains nickel. Such an applied adhesive layer ensures a particularly firm connection of the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer to the gas exchange valve.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a gas exchange valve 1 according to the invention of an internal combustion engine, which is otherwise not shown and which has a valve. Includes tilteller 2 and a valve stem 3.
- the gas exchange valve 1 is usually designed as an inlet or outlet valve.
- a nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 (see also the detailed illustration in FIG. 1) is arranged on the valve stem 3 at least in regions. This can, for example, be applied galvanically using current densities between 30 A / dm 2 and 200 A / dm 2 , in particular between 90 A / dm 2 and 120 A / dm 2 .
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 contains 0.5 to 5% by weight of phosphorus. It preferably contains 1.5 to 3% by weight of phosphorus.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 also contains 2 to 7% by weight of boron carbide. It preferably contains 3 to 5% by weight boron carbide.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 has a mixing hardness between 350 HV and 1500 HV or preferably between 400 HV and 800 HV and a mean grain diameter d 5 o of less than 1, 5 miti, preferably from 0.8 miti on .
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 has a layer thickness dnp between 5 to 20 miti, preferably between 8 to 12 miti, and a length along an axial direction A of the valve stem 3 between 60 mm and 140 mm.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 is arranged on the valve stem 3 exclusively in the region 6 of a valve guide, not shown in FIG. 1, and is also arranged on the valve stem 3 in a completely circumferential manner.
- the valve stem 3 has a diameter between 5 mm and 10 mm and the gas exchange valve 1 contains the martensitic steels X45 and, alternatively or additionally, X85 and / or the austenitic steels X50 and, alternatively or additionally, nickel-based materials NCF 3015 and, alternatively or in addition, Nimonic80A.
- An adhesive layer 5 with a layer thickness of less than 1 mm is arranged between the valve stem 3 and the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4.
- the adhesive layer 5 between the valve stem 3 and the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 contains nickel.
- the adhesive layer can be applied in the area 6 of a valve guide of the valve stem 3 and by means of current densities between 4 A / dm 2 and 40 A / dm 2 , in particular between 25 A / dm 2 and 35 A / dm 2 .
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 is galvanically coated on the valve stem 3 at least in regions by means of current densities between 30 A / dm 2 and 200 A / dm 2 , in particular between 90 A / dm 2 and 120 A / dm 2 , applied.
- the applied nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 contains 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 3% by weight, phosphorus and 2 to 7% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight. %, Boron carbide.
- An adhesive layer 5 is previously applied galvanically between the valve stem 3 and the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 by means of current densities between 4 A / dm 2 and 40 A / dm 2 , in particular between 25 A / dm 2 and 35 A / dm 2 .
- the applied adhesive layer 5 contains nickel.
- the nickel-phosphorus-boron carbide layer 4 can be applied by means of an electroplating bath (not shown in FIG. 1) using an electroplating liquid and an anode arranged therein.
- the anode has a receptacle in which the gas exchange valve 1 to be coated is received with one end of the valve stem 3.
- An extremely homogeneous and uniform layer thickness distribution can be achieved by using a shaped anode.
- a cathode via which current can be introduced into gas exchange valve 1 by means of a current source.
- the gas exchange til 1 the actual cathode through which current flows to the anode.
- a mixing device can also be provided, by means of which the electroplating liquid is mixed well during the electroplating, so that an always sufficiently high proportion of phosphorus and, alternatively or additionally, boron carbide and, alternatively or additionally, nickel for producing the nickel-phosphorus - Boron carbide layer 4 can reach the surface of the valve stem 3. In addition, this also prevents an undesired deposition of hydrogen, which would hinder the deposition of phosphorus.
- the anode is usually a so-called mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode.
- MMO mixed metal oxide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018218205.1A DE102018218205A1 (de) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Gaswechselventil |
| PCT/EP2019/078492 WO2020083808A1 (de) | 2018-10-24 | 2019-10-21 | Gaswechselventil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3870740A1 true EP3870740A1 (de) | 2021-09-01 |
Family
ID=68387292
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19795136.1A Withdrawn EP3870740A1 (de) | 2018-10-24 | 2019-10-21 | Gaswechselventil |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3870740A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018218205A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020083808A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0679736B1 (de) * | 1994-04-28 | 1998-03-04 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Verbesserung der Oberflächeneigenschaften eines Maschinenventils aus einer Titanlegierung |
| US5543029A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-08-06 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Properties of the surface of a titanium alloy engine valve |
| DE10228323B4 (de) * | 2002-06-25 | 2005-06-09 | Integran Technologies Inc., Toronto | Verfahren zum kathodischen elektrolytischen Abscheiden und Mikrokomponenten, hergestellt durch ein solches Verfahren |
| DE102004047423C5 (de) * | 2004-09-28 | 2011-04-21 | AHC-Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co. OHG | Außenstromlos aufgebrachte Nickellegierung und ihre Verwendung |
| DE102014225741A1 (de) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-07-07 | Mahle International Gmbh | Gaswechselventil |
| ITUB20151322A1 (it) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-11-29 | Metalcoating S R L | Processo elettrolitico per il rivestimento di superfici metalliche allo scopo di conferire alta resistenza all’usura. |
| DE102015210552A1 (de) * | 2015-06-09 | 2016-12-15 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Ventils einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102017202585A1 (de) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-17 | Mahle International Gmbh | Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest einem Zylinder und mit zumindest zwei Hohlkopfventilen |
-
2018
- 2018-10-24 DE DE102018218205.1A patent/DE102018218205A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-10-21 WO PCT/EP2019/078492 patent/WO2020083808A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-21 EP EP19795136.1A patent/EP3870740A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102018218205A1 (de) | 2020-04-30 |
| WO2020083808A1 (de) | 2020-04-30 |
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