EP3867928A1 - Méthode de fabrication d'un composite conducteur comprenant au moins une couche superficielle comprenant du graphène multi-feuillets - Google Patents
Méthode de fabrication d'un composite conducteur comprenant au moins une couche superficielle comprenant du graphène multi-feuilletsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3867928A1 EP3867928A1 EP19806033.7A EP19806033A EP3867928A1 EP 3867928 A1 EP3867928 A1 EP 3867928A1 EP 19806033 A EP19806033 A EP 19806033A EP 3867928 A1 EP3867928 A1 EP 3867928A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- graphene
- composite
- substrate
- layer
- flg
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the technical field of conductive composites, as well as their manufacturing methods and methods.
- the present invention relates to a process or a method for manufacturing a conductive composite comprising at least one surface layer comprising multi-sheet graphene and to the conductive composites obtained by said process or said method.
- the invention also relates to a device comprising a conductive composite according to the invention or else the use of an aqueous deposition composition comprising multi-sheet graphene and at least one surfactant to form a surface layer comprising multi-sheet graphene on a substrate.
- Conductive composites in particular those using carbonaceous materials as conductive filler, are arousing growing scientific interest for numerous industrial applications [1-6].
- carbonaceous materials there are generally listed materials close to graphene, graphite, activated carbon or even carbon nanotubes / nanofibers.
- Graphene offers an increasing scientific and industrial interest for the production of conductive composites thanks in particular to first-class thermoelectric properties [7-10]. Thanks to the use of these carbonaceous materials, the electrical conductivity of these composites can thus be considerably improved, and this, thanks to the introduction of a small amount of conductive nanofillers to inside a matrix. Such composites can thus be used as light heating devices for various industrial sectors such as electronics, transport, aerospace, intelligent buildings, or even as sensor components in various everyday applications.
- the manufacture of these composite materials is generally based on the inclusion of carbonaceous materials in a polymer matrix, ie the carbonaceous material is mixed in the volume of the host polymer matrix; thus resulting in the formation of the conductive composite.
- Other conventional preparation methods consist in depositing the mixture containing the carbonaceous material dispersed in the polymer matrix or the host resin on a substrate, such as for example polymer, glass, ceramic or fabric, to form a composite.
- the carbonaceous material can also be included in the fiber during its production before the fibers are woven into fabric.
- the carbonaceous material can be mixed with a ceramic slip before casting and firing or else with ceramic powder before sintering, depending on the nature of the ceramics and their method of production.
- the widely available polyurethane (PU) foam is one of the foams used in many industrial applications ranging from the absorption of oils [11-13] to the reduction of sound volumes or thermal insulation. [14,15], through the production of chemical reactor support plates [16] or the synthesis of ceramic foams [17,18]. Due to its high elasticity under compression, foams can be used effectively as a compression sensor for different applications.
- One of the major disadvantages of foams, and more particularly of PU foam is that they often have a low electrical conductivity - an approach which would consist in improving these conduction performances could make it possible to envisage new industrial devices such as piezoelectric devices. or the low temperature catalyst support plates for liquid phase reactions.
- the additive manufacturing of structured composites has largely developed in recent years in various industrial applications and fields.
- Additive manufacturing makes it possible to produce complex devices with forms and sometimes properties inaccessible to traditional molding or injection methods . Indeed, it makes it possible to manufacture complex parts which may have different thicknesses and interconnection structures.
- the advantage of “polymer” additive manufacturing also lies in its ability to accept the direct incorporation of conductive fillers into the polymer matrix [20,21].
- the method or method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a homogeneous and continuous layer of conductive material on a substrate greatly reducing the problems associated with the presence of insulating / conductive interfaces in the composite.
- the method or method according to the invention is easy to implement to meet market demand.
- the method or method according to the invention also has the advantage of being able to be implemented on host substrates from a solution comprising multi-sheet graphene.
- the process or method according to the invention thus allows the use of non-harmful materials to replace chemical compounds (resins, polymers) which are potentially toxic or dangerous and which can pose problems of waste recovery and tedious post-synthesis treatment.
- the surface coating also significantly reduces the loss of electrical conductivity typically encountered with composites constructed from a blend of graphene and polymer where the graphene is embedded in an insulating polymer layer.
- the invention thus relates to a process or a method for manufacturing a conductive composite comprising at least one surface layer comprising multi-sheet graphene, comprising the steps of:
- a substrate preferably non-metallic
- an aqueous deposition composition comprising: multi-sheet graphene at a concentration greater than or equal to 0.2 g / l, and
- step b) heat treatment of the substrate obtained in step a) at a temperature ranging from 60 to 300 ° C; and obtaining the composite.
- the heat treatment of step b) is carried out at a temperature between 60 and 300 ° C, preferably from 100 to 300 ° C, preferably from 90 to 300 ° C, preferably from 80 to 280 ° C and even more preferably from 100 to 250 ° C.
- the duration of the heat treatment in step b) can be in the range from 1 minute to 5 hours, preferably from 5 minutes to 2 hours, or from 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- the heat treatment in step b) can be carried out using different heating modes such as, for example, in a Joule, infrared (IR) or halogen effect oven, electromagnetic and microwave induction.
- the method or the method according to the invention can also comprise a step c) of low-temperature treatment of the composite obtained in step b).
- the duration of the low temperature treatment can be in the range from 1 minute to 5 hours, preferably from 5 minutes to 2 hours, or from 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- the low temperature treatment can be carried out by the same heating systems described above used at low operating temperatures.
- low temperature is meant a temperature in the range from 40 ° C to 80 ° C, preferably between 50 ° C to 70 ° C.
- the method or method according to the invention also has the advantage of being able to be implemented successively in order to obtain a composite with varying thicknesses of conductive layers. This makes it possible in particular to refine with precision the electrical conductivity of the composite obtained and therefore the properties of the final object such as the amount of heat that it can emit.
- Step c) of low temperature treatment can be carried out between each deposition cycle a), b) and may allow in certain cases to further increase the adhesion of the graphene layer on the substrate.
- steps a), b) and optionally c) of the method or method can be repeated at least once, preferably from 1 to 30 times (1 to 30 iterations of the sequence a), b) and optionally c )), even more preferably from 1 to 20 times or even from 1 to 10 times or even 1 to 5 times.
- step a) of bringing the substrate, preferably non-metallic, into contact with the aqueous deposition composition can be carried out by any method of direct application of the aqueous composition (for example with a brush, a brush , a sprayer), impregnation of the aqueous composition on the substrate, immersion of the substrate in the aqueous composition, screen printing.
- the method or method further comprises an intermediate step a ') of emersion of the substrate from the aqueous composition or else of elimination of the surplus of aqueous composition of the substrate surface.
- Step a ’) is optional and generally depends on the type of contact. The person skilled in the art, by virtue of his general knowledge is capable of applying the adapted step a ’) when it is required.
- the duration of step a) depends essentially on the method of contacting but can be included in an interval ranging from 1 second and several minutes, preferably from 30 seconds to 30 minutes, even more preferably from 1 10 minutes.
- the duration of step a) can be comprised in an interval ranging from 10 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably from 20 seconds to 5 minutes, even more preferably from 30 seconds 2 minutes.
- the duration of step a) can be comprised in an interval ranging from 10 seconds to 60 minutes, preferably from 2 to 30 minutes, from even more preferably 5 to 20 minutes.
- the duration of step a) can be ranging from 10 seconds to 60 minutes, preferably from 2 to 30 minutes, even more preferably from 5 to 20 minutes. It should be noted that the duration of application also depends on the total surface of the substrate to be covered.
- a substrate is obtained which can be described as a substrate impregnated or soaked with an aqueous deposition composition.
- the method or the method according to the invention can also comprise a step d) of applying a finishing polymer layer.
- Step d) can be carried out after step b) or step c) of the method or method according to the invention.
- step d) is implemented only once, when all of the steps a ), b) and c) have been performed.
- Step d) can be implemented by any technique known to a person skilled in the art for applying a layer of polymer to a composite.
- the finishing polymer may be among the known polymers, there may be mentioned for example polyurethane, PDMS, polystyrene, or other compounds such as glycerol paints or high temperature paints available on the market.
- the aqueous deposition composition of step a) comprises multi-sheet graphene (FLG) and at least one surfactant.
- FLG multi-sheet graphene
- the concentration of FLG in the aqueous deposition composition may be greater than or equal to 0.2 g / l, preferably greater than or equal to 1 g / l or even more preferably greater than or equal to 2 g / l.
- the concentration of FLG in the aqueous deposition composition generally does not exceed 50, 60 or 70 g / l. It can for example be included in a range going from 0.2 to 50 g / l, preferably from 1 to 20 g / l and even more preferably from 2 to 10 g / l.
- multi-layer graphene means graphene containing more than one sheet.
- the FLG has between 3 and 200 sheets and the sheets have lateral dimensions of between 0.5 and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 and 5 ⁇ m or even more preferably 1 and 3 ⁇ m.
- the FLG has a thickness between 1 and 640 nm, preferably between 5 and 320 nm or even more preferably between 20 and 200 nm.
- FLG has significantly higher properties in terms of conductivity due to the absence of oxygenated groups on the surface and also a lower density in terms of defects.
- the aqueous deposition composition of step a) comprises at least one surfactant.
- the surfactant can be one or more surfactant (s) chosen from the group comprising anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric (or zwitterionic) surfactants and their mixtures. Any type of surfactant, natural or synthetic, can be used in the context of the invention.
- anionic surfactant means a surfactant which releases a negative charge (anion) in aqueous solution.
- An anionic surfactant generally has a relatively high hydrophilic / lipophilic balance (FILB) (which can be between 8 to 18).
- FILB hydrophilic / lipophilic balance
- soaps which are salts of fatty acids, of general formula RCOOM (for example R is generally a hydrophobic aliphatic chain and M a metal, an alkali metal or an organic base).
- alkaline soaps such as Na + , K + , NH 4 + salts
- metallic soaps such as calcium salts
- organic soaps such as triethanolamine salts, for example, triethanolamine stearate.
- sulfated derivatives examples: sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate and sulfonated derivatives (example: sodium dioctylsufosuccinate).
- sulfonated derivatives examples: sodium dioctylsufosuccinate.
- lipoamino acids examples: lipoamino acids.
- canionic surfactant means a surfactant which releases a positive charge (cation) in aqueous solution. These are generally nitrogen products (with a positively charged nitrogen atom). Mention may in particular be made of quaternary ammonium salts such as the alkyltrimethyl ammonium salts (example: alkyltrimethyl bromide ammonium), alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium salts (example: benzalkonium chloride).
- nonionic surfactant means a surfactant which has no net charge and which does not ionize in water.
- Three main categories of nonionic surfactants are identified:
- ester-linked surfactants (RC (O) -O-R ', R and R' being for example hydrophobic aliphatic chains) among which there may be mentioned glycol esters (for example: ethylene glycol stearate), esters of glycerol (for example glycerol stearate), polyoxyethylene glycol esters (obtained by the action of ethylene oxide on a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids), sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (more commonly called Tweens 20, 60, 80, etc. or polysorbates), sucrose esters (consisting of a hydrophilic sugar group and a hydrophobic fatty chain);
- glycol esters for example: ethylene glycol stearate
- esters of glycerol for example glycerol stearate
- polyoxyethylene glycol esters obtained by the action of ethylene oxide on a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids
- sorbitan esters polyoxy
- ether-linked surfactants (R-O-R ', R and R ’being, for example hydrophobic aliphatic chains) among which may be mentioned the ethers of fatty alcohols and of polyoxyethylene glycol for example;
- amide-linked surfactants R-C (O) -NH-R ', R and R ’being for example hydrophobic aliphatic chains.
- amphoteric surfactant or "zwitterionic surfactant” means a surfactant which comprises both acid and basic functions. Depending on the pH of the medium in which it is found, it releases either a positive ion or a negative ion.
- Amphoteric surfactants have a generally high HLB. Mention may, for example, be made of cocamidopropyl betaine (comprising a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxylic acid group), imidazoline derivatives or alternatively polypeptides.
- the anionic surfactant can be chosen from the group comprising carboxylates, sulfonates or sulfates such as for example sulfosuccinates, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates and sodium cocoyl monoglyceride sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates and their mixtures.
- the cationic surfactant can be chosen from the group comprising quaternary ammonium salts such as, for example, alkylamidodimethyl propylamine or methyl triethanolammonium and their mixtures.
- the nonionic surfactant can be chosen from the group comprising esters, amides or ethers with hydrophobic aliphatic chains such as for example polyglycerol alkyl ethers, glucosyl dialkyl ethers, sorbitan esters, polysorbates, polyglyceryl-3 -di-isostearates and their mixtures.
- amphoteric surfactant can be chosen from the group comprising, for example cocoamidopropyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl sultaine, lauroamphoglycinate, dihydroxyethyl tallow glycinate, disodium cocoamphoacetate, isostéaroamphopropionate and their mixtures.
- the aqueous deposition composition for example in the case of a commercial solution of surfactants to which the FLG is added, can also comprise and without being limited to: preservatives, antimicrobials, stabilizers, humectants , chelating agents, viscosity regulator or any other additive, and mixtures thereof.
- the mass concentration of surfactant (s) in the aqueous deposition composition of step a) is in the range from 0.1 to 50%, preferably from 0.5 to 10% and even more preferred from 0.5 to 3%.
- the mass concentration of surfactant (s) in the aqueous deposition composition of step a) can also be included in the range from 1 to 50%.
- the aqueous deposition composition can be obtained by ultrasonication of graphite, preferably expanded, in an aqueous solution comprising one or more surfactant (s), for example, in micellar water (liquid composed of water and micelles).
- the aqueous deposition solution may also comprise other compounds such as preserving agents, antimicrobials, stabilizers, humectants, chelating agents, viscosity regulator or any other additive, and their mixtures.
- the substrate (or host substrate) can be any type of material, preferably non-metallic, having no intrinsic electrical conductivity, such as polymers, fabrics, ceramics or glasses.
- the substrate can be chosen from the group comprising thermoplastic polymers (such as polymethyl alkyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, polycarbonate, polydimethylsiloxane), thermosetting polymers (such as epoxy, polyimides , polyurethane), fabrics based on natural fibers (such as for example cotton, linen, bamboo, silk, hemp, jute), fabrics based on synthetic fibers (such as for example polyamides or polyesters, aramides, acrylics, fibers carbon, glass fibers or ceramic fibers), ceramics (such as SiC, AI203), glasses and their mixtures (for example a mixture of several polymers or a fabric based on natural and synthetic fibers).
- the substrate is a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting polymer, a fabric based on natural fibers or a synthetic fabric or a mixture of the abovementioned materials.
- the invention also relates to conductive composites obtained according to the process or method of the invention.
- the conductive composites according to the invention exhibit high or improved percolation performance and / or a lower concentration of filler in comparison with the conductive composites known from the state of the art.
- the conductive composites according to the invention comprise at least one surface layer comprising multi-sheet graphene (on the surface of the substrate).
- the heat treatment step makes it possible to permanently anchor the graphene layer on the surface of the substrate.
- the surface layer comprising multi-layered graphene has a thickness in the range from 1 to 1000 nm, preferably from 5 to 800 nm and even more preferred from 10 to 500 nm.
- the individual layers are targeted since the final layer (resulting from one or more iterations of the method or of the method according to the invention) has a thickness which can range up to a few micrometers or even more.
- the thickness of the final layer can be between 1 and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 and 50 ⁇ m, and preferably between 4 and 30 ⁇ m.
- those skilled in the art will adapt the total thickness of the at least one surface layer comprising graphene according to the intended application.
- the invention thus also relates to a conductive composite comprising a substrate as defined above, said substrate comprising at least one surface layer comprising multi-layer graphene, preferably each of the at least one surface layer having a thickness ranging from 1 to 1000 nm, preferably 5 to 800 nm and even more preferably 10 to 500 nm.
- the synthesized composites can be used in various fields of application such as: heating systems for domestic uses where the rapid exchanges between the heating element on the surface and the ambient air are improved, frost-free maintenance systems for pipes transporting fluids, de-icing systems for polymer-based materials in various fields, stress detection systems or for controlled closings / openings, metal-free thermal signaling systems, flexible systems for applications in electronics, systems protection against electromagnetic radiation.
- the surface layer comprising multi-sheet graphene may have a thickness varying from one part to another of the composite, and consequently a different local electrical conductivity.
- the implementation of the method or the method according to the invention may be different in number of iterations or in concentration in the deposition solution.
- the number of iterations and / or the concentration in charge of the initial solution (step a)) of the process or of the method can vary from one zone to another of the substrate so as to obtain a composite having a surface layer comprising multi-layered graphene with variable thickness and / or properties.
- the composite according to the invention can have a variable local electrical conductivity.
- the difference in terms of thickness of the surface layer comprising multi-layered graphene on the substrate thus generates differences in terms of electrical conductivity which can be used for certain applications such as defrosting or in keeping the pipes freeze-free. conveying different fluids, for example, at the junction of a fluid mixer with different inlet temperatures.
- the surface layer comprising multi-layered graphene is essentially free of surfactant (s), or of other elements initially present in the aqueous deposition composition.
- the surface layer consists of multi-layer graphene and optionally traces of surfactant (s) or other elements initially present in the aqueous deposition composition.
- the surface layer generally comprises less than 1%, preferably less than 0.1%, of surfactant (s), or of other elements initially present in the aqueous deposition composition.
- the surface layer comprising multi-layer graphene does not comprise a polymer or a resin.
- the surface layer can consist of multi-layer graphene or consist of multi-layer graphene and the substrate itself, when the latter mixes at the interface, superficially, with the multi-layer graphene, during of the implementation of the method or of the method according to the invention.
- the surface layer comprises a so-called lower part, in contact with the substrate, slightly intermingled at the interface with the latter and a so-called upper continuous part of multi-sheet graphene. It is not a mixture as observed in the state of the art where graphene is mixed in the bulk of the substrate, nor a coating consisting of a mixture of multi-layered graphene and polymer or resin subsequently applied to the surface of the substrate as described in the state of the technical. In fact in such cases the carbonaceous material (the filler), which is a minority in mass and in volume, is then more or less homogeneously dispersed in the polymer / resin matrix.
- the electrical conductivity of the surface layer comprising multi-sheet graphene, measured by the four-point method can be greater than 200 S / m, preferably greater than 2000 S / m and even more preferably greater than 5000 S / m.
- the structure of the FLG sheets is not altered during the implementation of the process or method.
- the sheets of FLG contained in the surface layer of the composite, generally parallel to the surface of the substrate, according to the invention have a structure similar to that which they have in the aqueous deposition solution
- the surface layer comprising multi-layered graphene has a resistance ranging from 1W to 2 kQ, preferably from 10W to 1000W, and more preferably from 80W to 500W.
- This resistance value can be measured by applying two copper bars on either side of the composite surface, the resistance then being measured by ohmmeter between these two terminals.
- the surface layer of multi-layer graphene can act as a protective layer to reduce the formation of scratches on the device.
- the surface layer of multi-layer graphene after the implementation of the process, can be treated by additional heating (step c ')), preferably by laser pulse, in order to remove the residues of oxygen attached to its surface. and which results in an increase in its hydrophobic character.
- the hydrophobic nature reduces the deposition of other substances on the surface of the composite. We can cite as an example the reduction of hydrate germs in the gas or fluid transport pipes which can gradually clog the pipe.
- the composite according to the invention can also comprise a layer of finishing polymer.
- the layer comprising multi-layer graphene is completely or partially covered by the finishing polymer layer.
- the scratches generated on the surface of the polymer layer can be eliminated by heating the graphene / substrate composite below to the required temperature in order to slightly soften the polymer layer on the surface and thus make the scratches disappear by a leveling of the surface.
- the conductive composites according to the invention can find applications in many fields.
- the conductive composites under heating and can in particular allow better management of the heat dissipation, thus notably reducing the concentration in charge and increasing the heating efficiency.
- the surface layer comprising the multi-layer graphene ensuring the heating has the advantage of being continuous. This can thus allow a better reaction to the applied current with a considerably lower thermal inertia than that of the composites of the prior art, where the conductive material is dispersed discontinuously throughout the matrix.
- the composites according to the invention can find an application, without being limited thereto, in fields such as low temperature heating (domestic or fluid conduits in airplanes or other devices), force or medium detectors (via a change in conductivity or resistance when a force is exerted or in the presence of compounds which adsorb on the surface), the defrosting of polymer-based composites, repellent surfaces (for example to accelerate the evacuation of vapors), flexible electrical circuits or even temperature detectors by changing the overall resistance as a function of the temperature of the exposed medium, the reduction of deposits from solids that may be present in the fluids, on the surface in contact with gas or petroleum in the transport pipes, and which, by progressive growth, can clog the tubing (e.g. hydrate deposits in the gas or petroleum industry).
- low temperature heating domestic or fluid conduits in airplanes or other devices
- force or medium detectors via a change in conductivity or resistance when a force is exerted or in the presence of compounds which adsorb on the surface
- repellent surfaces for example to
- the applied current / emitted energy yields lie in a range from 50 W / m 2 to 5000 W / m 2 , preferably between 500 W / m 2 and 3000 W / m 2 , and more preferably from 1000 W / m 2 to 3000 W / m 2 .
- These yields are generally observed for applied voltages below 40 V.
- Higher powers can be obtained by applying higher voltages, for example for an applied voltage of 20 V a power of 2000 W / m 2 is obtained while for an applied voltage of 220 V the power generated will be of the order of 22000 W / m 2 .
- the conductive composites according to the invention comprise a surface layer comprising multi-layer graphene.
- said surface layer comprising multi-layer graphene is uniformly distributed and comprises a thin surface layer of graphene. This results in the use of a small amount of graphene and a low heating voltage, thus allowing a higher switching (start / stop) frequency than with known composites.
- the conductive composite according to the invention has a very high heating switching frequency between 30 seconds and 60 minutes, preferably between 60 seconds and 30 minutes, and preferably between 120 seconds and 15 minutes, depending applied voltage.
- the invention also relates to a device, for example a heating device or a mechanical sensor, comprising a conductive composite according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of an aqueous deposition composition as defined above, to form a surface layer comprising graphene multi-sheets on a substrate.
- FIG. 1 represents (A) digital photos of a structure based on ABS polymer (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) produced by 3D printing before and after four cycles of coating by brushing a paint based on an aqueous solution of graphene multi layers (10 g / l) followed each time by a heat treatment at 110 ° C (composite n ° 1), (B) the result of an ultrasonication process of composite n ° 1 highlighting the mechanical resistance of the composite according to the invention and the strong adhesion of the GMF to the surface of the polymer: left image: the composite n ° 1 before ultrasonication, right image: the composite after ultrasonication showing the total absence of residue in the solution thus confirming the strong adhesion of the graphene layer on the surface of the substrate.
- ABS polymer acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- Figure 2 shows SEM (scanning electron microscopy) micrographs of the polymer (ABS) as printed (A) and this after four coating cycles (B) (composite # 1), showing a highly surface coating homogeneous of the polymer host matrix with a layer of FLG and a high resolution SEM micrograph showing the smooth coating layer covering the surface of the polymer after heat treatment at 110 ° C (C).
- FIG. 3 represents (A) optical images of a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) plate before and after coating with a layer of FLG with a weight load of approximately 0.8% by weight, (B) SEM micrographs with a transverse view of composite No. 7 FLG @ PMMA showing the thickness of the FLG layer of the order of 4 pm and (C) a measurement of electrical conductivity (S. nrr 1 ) as a function of the FLG weight charge ( %) recorded on a series of FLG @ PMMA composites (n ° 2 to 7).
- FIG. 4 represents (A1) an optical image of the FLG @ PMMA composite (composite No. 8) with a FLG weight load of 0.23%.
- (B1 is the thermal image showing the temperature collected on the surface of the composite after applying a voltage of 20 V.
- A2 and B2 represent the same composite (A) coated with a polyurethane top coat and its properties
- A3 and B3 represent the same composite (A2) coated with a top coat of white paint based on glycerol and its corresponding thermal properties.
- FIG. 5 represents (A, B): photos of an aircraft made of 3D printing ABS covered with a surface layer of FLG (composite n ° 9) and the corresponding resistance values. (C, D) The digital and thermal images of the aircraft in ABS were generated with a 24V supply and acquired using an IR thermal camera.
- FIG. 6 represents (A) a deposit of FLG on an aircraft manufactured by 3D printing in ABS (composite n ° 10). The aircraft sits on a container containing liquid nitrogen to create a thin layer of ice on its surface. (B to D) The thermal images show the different surface temperatures of the aircraft as a function of time with a power supply of 24V. The highest temperature reached after 120s of supply is above 40 ° C - in the presence of liquid nitrogen under the aircraft. These results illustrate the effectiveness of the FLG layer deposited for defrosting applications in cold environments.
- FIG. 7 represents (A, D) the optical and thermal images of an ABS airplane coated with an FLG layer (composite n ° 11) after having spent 30 min in the freezer so as to produce a thick layer of ice on the 'entire surface. (B, E, C, F) The optical and thermal photographs show the melting of the layer of ice and the temperatures recorded on the aircraft with an applied voltage of 24 V - as a function of the heating time.
- FIG. 8 represents (A, B) SEM images of the cotton-based fabric with different enlargements. (C, D) SEM images of the tissue to cotton base covered with a layer of multi-layer graphene (composite n ° 12), after a heat treatment in air at 130 ° C in an oven, with different enlargements.
- FIG. 9 represents (A, B) the electrical conductivity (in Siemens / m) of the graphene @ fabric composites (n ° 13-22), after synthesis and after heat treatment at 200 ° C in air in an oven, depending on the graphene load and as a function of the number of deposits.
- Figure 10 represents (A) Digital photos of an electric radiator and a graphene @ fabric composite (n ° 22) of dimension 16 x 16 cm 2 covered by a layer of resin to isolate the conductive surface.
- FIG. 11 represents (A) the optical images illustrating the process for synthesizing graphene and multi-layer graphene by sonication from a solution based on water and Garnier micellar water (surfactant: Dissodium cocoamphodiacetate). (B1) micro-Raman image of the analyzed area, (B2) the Raman spectra corresponding to each dilution (B3) high resolution spectra of the 2D band.
- FIG. 12 represents the scanning and transmission electron microscopy images of graphene and graphene multi-sheets synthesized by sonication using Garnier micellar water as an exfoliating agent (surfactant: Dissodium cocoamphodiacetate).
- FIG. 13 represents (A) an uncoated PEEK tube of the following dimensions: external diameter, 24 mm, internal diameter, 22 mm, length 61 mm, (B) the same PEEK tube covered with a film of FLG,
- Example 1 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FLG CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES @ SUBSTRATE
- Composites according to the invention were obtained from different substrates such as ABS, PMMA and were synthesized according to the method described according to the invention.
- an aqueous deposition composition comprising a concentration 10 g / l of FLG and 0.25% (vol.%) of disodium cocoamphodiacetate (of micellar water type) was deposited on the host substrate (ABS grid obtained by 3D printing) by a brush covering technique.
- step b) the substrate soaked in step a) thus formed was then dried in the oven at a temperature of 110 ° C for a period of 30 minutes.
- Table 1 composites 1 to 11 and 23 to 24 according to the invention.
- the mechanical stability of the surface layer of composite No. 1 FLG @ ABS is evaluated by subjecting the composite to ultrasound in an aqueous medium for 30 min.
- the surrounding liquid medium remains colorless, which confirms the very great stability of the coating because if graphene has been released into the liquid, the latter should have a grayish coloring (Fig. 1 B).
- FIGS. 2A to C Scanning electronics (SEM) of the FLG @ ABS composite, are presented in FIGS. 2A to C.
- SEM micrograph in FIG. 2A highlights the native roughness of the surface of the ABS polymer, the latter having been printed in 3D layer per layer.
- the same surface after the deposition of the FLG layer followed by a heat treatment at 110 ° C. has a smooth appearance due to the formation of a continuous and percolated graphene layer (FIG. 2b and c).
- optical images corresponding to composite No. 7 FLG @ PMMA are presented in FIG. 3A.
- the composite surface (right) has a dark gray color characteristic of the formation of an FLG surface layer.
- Fig. 3B shows the SEM images of composite n ° 7.
- the images show good percolation and continuity of the FLG layer with a thickness of about 4 miti.
- the electrical conductivity (S. nrr 1 ) as a function of the charge in FLG and as a function of the number of deposits was measured on a series of composites FLG @ PMMA n ° 2 to n ° 7, and are presented in FIG. 3C. It is shown here that the electrical conductivity increases gradually as a function of the coating cycles, in other words the concentration of FLG, and an electrical conductivity of approximately 1.3. 10 5 S. nrr 1 was recorded for a mass load in FLG 0.8% relative to the mass of PMMA.
- Composite No. 8 was produced from a PMMA plate (18 x 30 x 0.1 cm) coated with a layer of FLG of approximately 0.23% by weight relative to the weight of the plate in PMMA.
- Table 2 conductivity comparison of the composites according to invention N ° 2 to 7 and composites according to the prior art.
- a plane-shaped ABS structure was produced by 3D printing and coated with an FLG layer according to the process of the invention.
- FIG. 5 represents the results obtained.
- the aircraft surface was completely coated with a surface layer of FLG with a concentration of 0.23 wt.%
- the temperature on the surface of the composite is homogeneous at the places where the deposit of FLG was carried out, ie on the wings or on the entire surface - thus confirming the high efficiency of the composites according to the invention for applications or heating elements .
- the aircraft is maintained on a container containing liquid nitrogen (Fig. 6A) and an electrical voltage of 24V was applied to the wings of the aircraft (Fig. 6B to D) . Thanks to the IR images, we note that the temperature quickly reaches 40 ° C after only 120 seconds of power - allowing to set evidence of a defrosting effect on the surface of the aircraft, despite the presence of a cold environment below.
- FLG @ fabric composites are prepared according to the following method.
- a cotton-based substrate (Fig. 8A and B) is coated with a layer of multi-sheet graphene ( Figure 8C and D).
- the composition of the aqueous solution is 10 g / l.
- the deposition was carried out four times and the composite after each deposition was treated at 130 ° C. in an oven for 15 minutes.
- the SEM images of Figures 8A and C (as well as the inserts in the figures) indicate that the morphology of the fibers constituting the fabric is preserved after the deposition of graphene and the heat treatment.
- the images in Figures 8C and D confirm the presence of a graphene layer covering the entire surface of the fiber.
- the deposit can be repeated in order to increase the graphene load in the composite (Figure 9).
- the FLG @ fabric n ° 22 composite (size 16 x 16 cm 2 ) is covered with a top layer of transparent polyurethane resin in order to electrically insulate it for heating applications (Figure 10A).
- the graphene @ fabric composite is supplied with different voltages ranging from 5 to 24V and the thermal images are shown in Figure 10C. With an applied voltage of 24V, the graphene @ fabric composite generates a more homogeneous temperature of around 83 ° C in the center and with a maximum around 86 ° C.
- Example 6 Preparation of an aqueous deposition composition, by sonication of expanded graphite in an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant (disodium cocoamphodiacetate).
- a surfactant sodium cocoamphodiacetate
- the FLG dispersion thus obtained can be separated into two phases by a sedimentation process (Figure 11 A).
- the first part (A) consists of the remaining exfoliating solution (400 ml) and can be reused to perform an additional exfoliation process.
- Part B consisting of 38.5 g / l (3.85%) of graphene and multi-layer graphene can be used directly.
- the graphene solution obtained has a 2D band characteristic of FLG-based materials with a number of layers less than 20 ( Figure 11. B1, B2, B3).
- the morphology and microstructures of the synthesized FLG was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the observations revealed the lateral size comprised 5 nm and 25 ⁇ m (FIGS. 12A and B).
- Example 7 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FLG @ PEEK CONDUCTIVE POLYMER COMPOSITES. Production of a 3g / L concentration solution of multi-sheet graphene (500 ml H2O, 1 ml (1.1 g) of disodium cocoamphodiacetate and 1.5 g of graphite) according to the method described in Example 6.
- polyetheretherketone PEEK Polyetheretherketone PEEK
- the tube has the following dimensions: external diameter, 24 mm, internal diameter, 22 mm, length 61 mm).
- Drying is then applied in an oven at 80 ° C. to remove the excess aqueous composition from the surface of the substrate and evaporate the water (possibly).
- the drying is followed by a heat treatment at 250 ° C for 15 minutes in a tubular electric oven. The operation is repeated four times in order to reach a 0.1% by weight deposit of FLG on the PEEK tube.
- the PEEK @ FLG composites are obtained (composites 23 and 24, see table 1).
- the PEEK @ FLG composite has been heated and cooled (by applying a voltage of 0 V and 14 V alternately) six times and the maximum temperature is always higher than 180 ° C for the same applied voltage of 14 V thus indicating excellent stability regarding the adhesion of the FLG film to the surface of the polymer.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1859684A FR3087432B1 (fr) | 2018-10-19 | 2018-10-19 | Methode de fabrication d'un composite conducteur comprenant au moins une couche superficielle comprenant du graphene multi-feuillets |
| PCT/FR2019/052460 WO2020079372A1 (fr) | 2018-10-19 | 2019-10-17 | Méthode de fabrication d'un composite conducteur comprenant au moins une couche superficielle comprenant du graphène multi-feuillets |
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| EP3867928A1 true EP3867928A1 (fr) | 2021-08-25 |
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| EP19806033.7A Pending EP3867928A1 (fr) | 2018-10-19 | 2019-10-17 | Méthode de fabrication d'un composite conducteur comprenant au moins une couche superficielle comprenant du graphène multi-feuillets |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3867928A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3087432B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL282127B2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020079372A1 (fr) |
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| FR3150341A1 (fr) | 2023-03-17 | 2024-12-27 | Blackleaf | MÉTHODE DE FABRICATION D'UN COMPOSITE CONDUCTEUR COMPRENANT un substrat de sous forme géométrique et AU MOINS UNE COUCHE SUPERFICIELLE COMPRENANT DU GRAPHÈNE MULTI-FEUILLETS |
| EP4501448A1 (fr) | 2023-08-03 | 2025-02-05 | Sicat | Procédé de préparation de matériaux isolants composites avec des revêtements de graphène électroconducteurs, et matériaux composites ainsi obtenus |
| FR3156689A1 (fr) | 2023-12-19 | 2025-06-20 | Blackleaf | Methode d’assemblage de materiaux thermoplastiques ou materiaux composites a l'aide d'un support ajoure conducteur |
| FR3158724A1 (fr) | 2024-01-30 | 2025-08-01 | Blackleaf | Méthode de fabrication d'un composite conducteur, composite conducteur et utilisations |
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| EP3783071B1 (fr) * | 2019-08-09 | 2024-12-25 | The Boeing Company | Compositions de revêtement électriquement conducteur présentant une résistance à la corrosion |
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| US7449133B2 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2008-11-11 | Unidym, Inc. | Graphene film as transparent and electrically conducting material |
| WO2012108371A1 (fr) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-16 | 株式会社インキュベーション・アライアンス | Procédé pour produire un substrat revêtu de graphène multicouche |
| WO2013184772A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-05 | 2013-12-12 | Interfacial Solutions Ip, Llc | Substrats revêtus de graphène et composites résultants |
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| EP3783071B1 (fr) * | 2019-08-09 | 2024-12-25 | The Boeing Company | Compositions de revêtement électriquement conducteur présentant une résistance à la corrosion |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL282127B2 (en) | 2025-10-01 |
| WO2020079372A1 (fr) | 2020-04-23 |
| IL282127A (en) | 2021-05-31 |
| FR3087432A1 (fr) | 2020-04-24 |
| IL282127B1 (en) | 2025-06-01 |
| FR3087432B1 (fr) | 2021-04-30 |
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