EP3866954A1 - Membranfilteranlage und verfahren zur regelung derselben mittels fuzzy-logik und/oder künstlicher neuronaler netze - Google Patents
Membranfilteranlage und verfahren zur regelung derselben mittels fuzzy-logik und/oder künstlicher neuronaler netzeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3866954A1 EP3866954A1 EP19789927.1A EP19789927A EP3866954A1 EP 3866954 A1 EP3866954 A1 EP 3866954A1 EP 19789927 A EP19789927 A EP 19789927A EP 3866954 A1 EP3866954 A1 EP 3866954A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filtration
- filtration unit
- unit
- cleaning
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
- C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
- C12H1/06—Precipitation by physical means, e.g. by irradiation, vibrations
- C12H1/063—Separation by filtration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/149—Multistep processes comprising different kinds of membrane processes selected from ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
- C12C11/11—Post fermentation treatments, e.g. carbonation, or concentration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/48—Mechanisms for switching between regular separation operations and washing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/70—Control means using a programmable logic controller [PLC] or a computer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/70—Control means using a programmable logic controller [PLC] or a computer
- B01D2313/701—Control means using a programmable logic controller [PLC] or a computer comprising a software program or a logic diagram
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/90—Additional auxiliary systems integrated with the module or apparatus
- B01D2313/903—Integrated control or detection device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/20—Operation control schemes defined by a periodically repeated sequence comprising filtration cycles combined with cleaning or gas supply, e.g. aeration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
- B01D2317/02—Elements in series
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
- B01D2317/04—Elements in parallel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/40—Automatic control of cleaning processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a membrane filter system for filtering beer and a method for controlling and / or regulating such a membrane filter system.
- the beer is filtered after fermentation / maturation, in particular to remove yeast from the beer.
- the membrane filtration of beer has been an increasingly used technology for some years.
- the crossflow method is used in particular, in which the unfiltered beer, i.e. the unfiltrate is passed in a circuit through the membrane filter and the filtrate is withdrawn from the membrane filter.
- plastic hollow fibers or ceramic filter cartridges with microfiltration pores are used as the membrane.
- the membranes used are therefore also referred to as microfiltration membranes.
- the transmembrane pressure can be observed, for example, and the filtration can then be stopped at predetermined limit values, the concentrate being pushed out and / or the concentrated unfiltrate being diluted with fresh unfiltrate.
- the blocking of the membrane can be delayed by backwashing with filtrate, in particular with beer, and / or water.
- predetermined limit values means that the reaction only takes place when the membrane is already blocked, so that blocking of the membrane cannot be prevented at an early stage.
- the membrane filters for beer filtration in the prior art therefore only have a short service life.
- the membrane filtration of beer especially the service life of the membrane filter before necessary cleaning, depends heavily on the raw materials of the beer Recipe and fermentation.
- the duration of a filtration cycle ie the service life of a membrane filter, before cleaning, for example by backwashing with certain backwashing media or by cleaning-in-place (CIP), is very dependent on the beer to be filtered.
- the membrane filter cleaning is not carried out optimally.
- the duration of membrane filter cleaning is generally too long and can only be reduced by using more chemicals (for example, a higher concentration of lye or oxidizing agent). This increased use of chemicals results in higher operating costs and has a negative impact on the life of the membrane modules, which also increases the costs for the operator.
- the membrane filter is not cleaned optimally, the subsequent filter process is often shortened.
- the elusive and difficult Modelable framework conditions of the beer parameters at the beginning and during the ongoing filtration as well as the rigid control of the filter systems the automation of an optimal beer filtration. The control becomes more complex the more filtration units are to be used in parallel.
- the object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for the filtration of beer which overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
- the service life of the membrane filter should be extended, the cleaning of the membrane filter should be optimized and the control of the filter system should be automated.
- optimal filtration results should be achieved, particularly with regard to productivity and production costs.
- an automated control or regulation of a filter system with several filtration units is to be made possible.
- a device for the filtration of fluids, in particular beer comprising: a first, independently controllable and / or regulatable filtration unit with at least one membrane filter module, a second, independently controllable and / or regulatable filtration unit with at least one membrane filter module, and at least one control unit, the control unit being designed to adaptively control an occupancy of the second filtration unit as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with the first filtration unit.
- the control unit can be designed to adaptively control an occupancy of the first filtration unit as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with the second filtration unit.
- the unfiltered fluid in particular beer, ie the unfiltrate
- the membrane filter In crossflow filtration, the unfiltered fluid, in particular beer, ie the unfiltrate, is generally passed in a circuit through the membrane filter, the filtrate being drawn off from the membrane filter. The unfiltrate flows along the membrane, the filtrate usually exiting perpendicularly to it.
- plastic hollow fibers or ceramic filter cartridges with microfiltration pores are used as the membrane. Depending on the pore size, one speaks of microfiltration or ultrafiltration.
- the pore size for beer filtration is in particular in a range from 0.1 to 1 pm, in particular from 0.4 to 0.6 pm.
- Polyether sulfone for example, can be selected as the material for a hollow fiber membrane.
- a large number of hollow fiber membranes can be bundled or combined to form a membrane filter module, the hollow fiber membranes being able to be integrated in a stainless steel pressure tube.
- Several membrane filter modules can be combined in one filtration unit.
- the individual membrane filter modules can be connected to one another, in particular in a row, or also partially or completely parallel to one another, by means of appropriately designed connecting lines or pipes, control or regulating valves, pumps and other elements of filtration units known per se.
- the first and second filtration units can each be controlled and / or regulated independently.
- the first and the second filtration unit can have the above-mentioned elements, in particular controllable valves and pumps, which allow independent control and / or regulation of the filtration with the respective filtration unit.
- each filtration unit can have its own control and / or regulating unit for this purpose, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a programmable logic controller.
- Other elements known per se such as a buffer tank for the unfiltrate, a buffer tank for the filtrate and one or more integrated CIP modules and / or backwashing lines, can be provided as part of the first and / or second filtration unit.
- the first and the second filtration unit can in particular have separate circuits for the unfiltrate.
- the first and the second filtration unit can be connected, for example via a controllable three-way valve or a valve node, to a feed line for the unfiltrate, in particular to a main buffer tank for the unfiltrate.
- At least one control unit is also provided which is designed to adaptively control an occupancy of the second filtration unit as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with the first filtration unit. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit can be designed to adaptively control an occupancy of the first filtration unit as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with the second filtration unit. In very general terms, the control unit can be designed to adaptively control the occupancy of a specific filtration unit from a plurality of filtration units as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with at least one other filtration unit.
- a multiplicity of independently controllable and / or regulatable filtration units can thus be provided, the occupancy of at least one of the filtration units being adaptively regulated as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with at least one further filtration unit.
- Process parameters of two or more further filtration units can thus also be taken into account when regulating the occupancy of the filtration unit.
- the regulation can be carried out by a separate control and / or regulating unit of the filtration unit, the occupancy of which is regulated, by separate control and / or regulating units of the at least one further filtration unit or by a higher-level regulating unit.
- the occupancy of all filtration units can be regulated adaptively, with process parameters from at least one further filtration unit being taken into account in each case. Such control can be carried out in particular by the higher-level control unit.
- process parameters of all other filtration units can be taken into account when regulating the occupancy of all filtration units. In this way, the overall occupancy of the filter system can be optimized.
- filtration is generally to be understood to mean a sequence or sequence of filter processes and cleaning processes of the membrane filter modules involved, it also being possible to provide rest periods or breaks between cleaning processes and filter processes in which the filtration unit is in standby mode located.
- the actual process of filtering the unfiltrate is referred to here and below as the filter process.
- the cleaning process at least one membrane filter module, in particular all membrane filter modules, of the respective filtration unit are cleaned. A variety of different cleaning methods can be used, which are described in more detail below.
- the occupancy of a filtration unit is to be understood here and below as the time sequence of the filter processes and cleaning processes mentioned above, potentially interrupted by standby phases.
- the service life of a filtration unit results from the ratio of the time occupied by filter processes to the total filtration time.
- other customary process phases for example the pretensioning of the membrane filter modules and the retraction of the filtration unit, are also taken into account in the adaptive regulation of the occupation of the filtration unit described below.
- the respective process duration of the filter processes and cleaning processes is not defined in advance, but is, as described in more detail below, adaptively adapted, that is to say regulated, depending on one or more process parameters of a filtration with one or more filtration units.
- the membrane filter system usually with carbon dioxide, can be set to operating pressure and prepared for the filtering process step. Leaving is generally the step after the actual filtering. The membrane module can be emptied / freed from the concentrated unfiltrate and the filtrate can be pushed out, the appropriate steps for cleaning being initiated.
- process parameter is to be understood in general here and below and can include any type of parameter that belongs to the filtration with the respective filtration unit.
- the type light, dark, Pils, Bock, wheat beer, etc.
- the season the season, the region from which the raw materials come
- the malt type for example with regard to protein content or hemicellulose
- the raw fruit for example corn, rice, barley, sorghum
- enzymes used and the like to process parameters that influence the filtration, in particular the fouling of the membrane filter.
- this also includes events such as events that determine the market need for beer or the dependence on a particular operator of the filter.
- the technological process parameters include directly measurable values, such as the yeast cell count, the turbidity, high-gravity brew, the fermentation time, the storage time, the use of top or bottom-fermenting yeast, the viscosity, the density, the general filterability, the pH and the like.
- the technological process parameters also include parameters that were previously measured offline, ie in the laboratory, for example the content of protein, completely soluble nitrogen, MgS0 4 - precipitable nitrogen, free amino nitrogen, polyphenols, anthocyanogens, glucans (a, ß, gel) , Original wort, extract, the degree of fermentation, the degree of final fermentation, the color, iodine values, in particular photometric iodine values, of the unfiltrate, the number of foams, bitter units, the alcohol content or the like.
- process parameters also includes parameters that are directly influenced by the control or regulation of the respective filtration unit.
- this also includes control parameters such as the flow rate of the unfiltrate in the circuit, in particular the overflow speeds of the filter membranes, the volume flow of filtrate, the pressure level on the unfiltrate side or on the filtrate side, the transmembrane pressure, the degree of concentration, the cooling temperature, the speed and volume flow of a recirculation, flushing volumes, as well as concentration and type of CIP media used.
- process parameters are the parameters: temperature of the fluid in a filter inlet, pressure of the fluid in the filter inlet, pressure of the fluid in a filter outlet, pressure of a filtrate, differential pressure of the fluid between the filter inlet and the filter outlet, differential pressure between the fluid in the filter inlet and the filtrate, Volume flow of the fluid supplied in the filter inlet, volume flow of the filtrate, flow rate of the fluid supplied in the filter inlet, flow rate of the filtrate, yield of the filter, operating time of the filter, filter life, filter runtime, turbidity of the fluid in the filter inlet, turbidity of the filtrate, concentration gradient Particles to be separated in the filter inlet, thickness of a cover layer on the filter, density of the cover layer on the filter, adsorption of particles in the filter body itself, filter resistance of the filter, filter throughput, filter exclusion limit, degree of hardness of the fluid in the filter inlet, degree of hardness of the filtrate, electrical conductivity of the fluid in the filter inlet, electrical conductivity of the filtrate,
- process parameters here in particular also includes parameters output by a control and / or regulating unit of a filtration unit or the regulating unit of the device, in particular with regard to actions which are used to intervene in the filtration.
- a control and / or regulating unit of a filtration unit or the regulating unit of the device in particular with regard to actions which are used to intervene in the filtration.
- the time, strength and duration of backwashing steps e.g. with beer and / or water
- intermediate cleaning e.g. short cleaning of the membrane with lye and additives
- main cleaning e.g.
- intensive cleaning of the membrane and the periphery such as the concentration tank, number and type of cleaning steps, type and amount of chemicals used for cleaning (acids, alkalis, additives, oxidizing agents, enzymes, and the like), running times of filter processes and cleaning processes, termination of a filter process Shortening a filtering process, lengthening or shortening a CIP cleaning process, starting or preparing a filtering process, standby, time and duration of a sleep state, an optimized occupancy plan, changes or adjustments in the brewing process and the like.
- the control unit can be designed as a programmable logic controller and, in particular, in addition to a process unit and a memory unit, one or more sensors for determining at least one process parameter of a filtration with the first Have filtration unit.
- the control unit can be provided as a higher-level control unit of the device, which receives data from separate control and / or control units of the filtration units, processes them and transfers processed data to one or more of the separate control and / or control units.
- the separate control and / or regulating unit of the second filtration unit can also be used for the aforementioned adaptive control of the occupancy of the second filtration unit.
- the at least one process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit can be transmitted from a corresponding control and / or regulating unit of the first filtration unit via data lines or wirelessly to the control and / or regulating unit of the second filtration unit.
- the control or regulation of the filtration with the first and second filtration units is no longer completely independent of one another. Rather, the at least one process parameter is taken into account in the control of the filtration with the second filtration unit. More specifically, the control unit adjusts a sequence or sequence of filter processes and cleaning processes that are carried out with the second filtration unit, depending on the at least one process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit.
- the occupancy of the second filtration unit as a function of the at least one process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit, it is possible in particular to react flexibly to deviations from an expected process duration of a filter process or a cleaning process of the first filtration unit.
- the control or regulation of the second filtration unit can be adapted such that the occupancy of the entire filter system is optimized. In particular, excessively long standby phases or rest periods of individual filtration units in which these are unproductive can be avoided.
- the process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit can include a process duration, in particular residual process duration, a filter process and / or a cleaning process of the first filtration unit, the process duration being predicted by means of the control unit or a separate control and / or regulation unit of the first filtration unit.
- the control unit or the separate control and / or regulating unit of the first filtration unit can determine one or more process parameters of the filtration with the first filtration unit, in particular measure using one or more sensors. Process parameters that influence the duration of a filter process or a cleaning process or are related to these are preferably determined or measured.
- an overflow velocity or a volume flow of the unfiltrate, a pressure level of the unfiltrate, a pressure level of the filtrate, the transmembrane pressure or a gradient of the transmembrane pressure as control parameters of the control or regulation of a filter process with the first filtration unit influence the process duration, in particular Remaining process time, the filter process.
- one end of the filtering process can be delayed by increasing the transmembrane pressure.
- the above-mentioned parameters of the fluid to be filtered can be taken into account when forecasting the process duration or residual process duration of the filter process. In the same way, parameters can be read from other linked company databases or a cloud from other systems.
- the above-mentioned parameters of the fluid to be filtered can also be measured offline beforehand and made available to the control unit or measured during the filtering process, for example by sensors arranged in situ.
- Findings relating to the relationship between the process duration and the process parameters mentioned above can be incorporated into the forecast of the process duration or remaining process duration of a filter process.
- the forecast can be made on the basis of a linear extrapolation of a measured or simulated course of the filter process.
- concentration of the unfiltrate or the fouling of the membrane filter is generally not linear and in particular cannot be represented by simple modeling. There is therefore always a discrepancy between the predicted process duration and the actual remaining runtime of the filter process before at least an intermediate cleaning, for example an intermediate CIP cleaning, has to be carried out. Nevertheless, taking into account the predicted process duration of a filter process of the first filtration unit leads to an optimization of the occupancy of the second filtration unit.
- a cleaning process of the second filtration unit can be intensified and / or shortened depending on the process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit, in particular a predicted remaining process time of a filter process of the first filtration unit.
- intensify the cleaning process for example, a volume flow of a backwashing fluid, a flow rate of the backwashing fluid in a backwashing inlet or a differential pressure of the backwashing fluid between the backwashing inlet and in the backwashing outlet can be increased for a cleaning process by means of backwashing.
- Backwashing means that a backwashing fluid is against the direction of filtration, i.e. is led from the filtrate side through the membrane to the unfiltrate side.
- the filtrate itself, water and / or air and / or a production gas (for example carbon dioxide or an inert gas) and / or cleaning agents such as lye can be used as the backwashing fluid. If only the filtrate is backwashed, the filter process does not have to be interrupted. Such backwashing with filtrate can delay the clogging of the membrane, thereby extending the remaining process time of the filter process.
- cleaning by backwashing is therefore to be understood as backwashing, in which the filtering process is interrupted, in particular the above-mentioned steps of retraction and prestressing may be necessary.
- backwashing is (also) carried out with backwashing fluids other than the filtrate.
- Cleaning by means of backwashing can also comprise several backwashing steps, in particular with different backwashing media.
- the cleaning process can also be intensified by adapting the respective intensity and / or duration of individual backwashing steps.
- the type and / or amount of chemicals used can be adjusted to intensify a CIP cleaning process. For example, instead of the chemicals of an intermediate CIP, the chemical type, chemical quantity or concentration of a main CIP can be used.
- An intermediate CIP or intermediate cleaning differs from a main CIP or main cleaning in terms of duration, intensity and type, amount and concentration of the chemicals used.
- the cleaning process can be shortened. This can be done in particular in such a way that the second filtration unit for the first filtration unit at the end of the filtering process Filtering the fluid is available. In this way, an interruption in the production of the filter system can be avoided.
- the influence of the at least one process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit on the regulation of filter processes or cleaning process in the second filtration unit can be unconditional, in the sense that the filtration with the second filtration unit is adjusted without direct reaction to the filtration with the first filtration unit becomes.
- the regulation of the filtration with the second filtration unit is therefore subordinate to the regulation of the filtration with the first filtration unit as the master.
- separate control and / or regulating units of the first and second filtration units can be configured as slaves with respect to a higher-level regulating unit as masters.
- a filter process of the second filtration unit can be extended depending on the process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit, in particular a predicted remaining process duration of a cleaning process of the first filtration unit. In this way it can be ensured that the cleaning of the first filtration unit is completed before the filtering process of the second filtration unit is ended.
- An extension of the filter process can, as mentioned above, for example, by increasing the limit value of the transmembrane pressure, by changing (depending on the filter state an increase or decrease can be useful) the crossflow volume flow and / or by lowering a pressure level of the filtrate, and / or by lowering the Filtrate volume flow and / or by changing the direction of the flow direction of the unfiltrate.
- the adaptation of the filter process of the second filtration unit can necessarily take place in dependence on the process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit or in retrospect on the control or regulation of the filtration of the first filtration unit.
- the filtering process or cleaning process of the second filtration unit and the cleaning process or filtering process of the first filtration unit run at least partially in parallel. This does not exclude that further process steps, for example the above-mentioned pretensioning or retraction of the membrane filter modules, are provided. These process steps can be integrated into the optimization of the occupancy control, whereby the duration of the further process steps can be predetermined or can also be controlled adaptively.
- the occupancy of the filtration units can be optimized.
- standby phases or resting phases of individual filtration units can be largely avoided.
- control unit and / or the separate control and / or control unit of the first filtration unit can therefore be designed to predict the process duration on the basis of fuzzy logic and / or artificial neural networks.
- a control or regulation based on fuzzy logic is able to lead unsharp data or parameters to a reliable statement.
- expert systems do not require complete modeling of the filter system, but can rather be used as black box or gray box systems.
- fuzzy logic complex problems can easily be described by using fuzzy rules.
- a linguistic rule comprises a number of premises in the form of belonging to a number of input variables, i.e. Process parameters, to a number of linguistic values, which are linked by a logical link, the so-called precondition of the rule, and an action in the form of a membership function of an output variable, for example a control or regulation parameter and one of the above-mentioned actions, to one linguistic value.
- each rule can be specified by an expert, can also be learned by successive systems formed in cascades or by an automated method.
- an artificial neural network can be used in the automated method.
- Such an artificial neural network can be monitored, that is, logged and evaluated, of suitable process parameters Learn or adapt the rules of the filtration units again, whereby the observation can take place by an expert, in particular during the filtration operation.
- a predetermined or learned rule can also be adapted through optimization steps.
- An optimization step can include the adaptation of a fuzzy set belonging to a linguistic value used in a rule or a prioritization or elimination of the rule.
- the initial variable can be obtained by defuzzifying a membership function.
- control unit and / or the separate control and / or regulating unit of the first filtration unit can in particular have a Mamdani controller or a Sugeno controller.
- the prognosis of the process duration can be trimmed towards an optimized expert system, which enables a reliable prognosis of the process duration or remaining process duration of filter processes and cleaning processes of the filtration units even without previous and external expert knowledge.
- An artificial neural network consists of one or more artificial neurons, which are arranged in one or more layers. Each artificial neuron determines an output signal from one or more input signals.
- a net input can be determined from the one or more input signals with the aid of one or more predetermined weights as the sum of the weighted input signals.
- the output signal can be determined from the net input using an activation function.
- the activation function can be a threshold value function, a sigmoid function or a linear function.
- a sigmoid function has the advantage that it is continuously differentiable and can therefore be used in optimization processes such as the steepest gradient process.
- An artificial neuron can in particular be in the form of a variable threshold perceptron.
- An artificial neural network has the particular advantage that it is an adaptive system. This involves learning an artificial neural network in the Generally, by adjusting the weights of the input signals to the neurons.
- a multilayer neural network such as the multilayer percepton (MLP)
- MLP multilayer percepton
- An artificial neural network for predicting the process duration of filter processes or cleaning processes can be trained offline, ie without process control, by an expert, or (also) learn online (ie during ongoing process control).
- an artificial neural network in the form of a neuro-fuzzy controller can be combined with a fuzzy controller.
- a fuzzy controller allows the transparency of the intuitive rules of fuzzy systems to be combined with the learning ability of artificial neural networks.
- a neuro-fuzzy controller is able to learn linguistic rules and / or membership functions or to optimize existing ones.
- a neuro-fuzzy controller can be implemented as a cooperative system in which the neural network operates independently of the fuzzy system, and the parameters of the fuzzy system are determined and / or optimized by the neural network.
- the learning of the neural network can be done by learning fuzzy sets or by learning linguistic rules.
- the learning of fuzzy sets can be done by a modified back propagation method, in which the position and form of the membership function of the fuzzy set is changed instead of the weights.
- a neuro-fuzzy controller can also be implemented as a hybrid system in which the properties of fuzzy logic and the artificial neural network are inseparably combined.
- an artificial neural network can be linked to physical or process engineering models to form a hybrid controller.
- the fuzzy sets can take the place of a fuzzy neuron, whereby instead of the weighted sum and the activation function for the fuzzy neurons of an inner layer, the determination of the straight line of affiliation (fuzzyfication) for the input signals and their inference occurs. Instead of the weighted sum and the activation function for the fuzzy neurons of the starting layer, the composition and defuzzification can occur.
- One way of learning in the hybrid neuro-fuzzy controller is to specify all possible rules for the control and / or regulation of the filter system or filtration unit or the filtering process or cleaning process before commissioning the controller, and the neuro-fuzzy controller to regulate rules that are not required Have online operations eliminated.
- One or more fuzzy controllers and / or artificial neural networks can be integrated into the control unit and / or the separate control and / or regulating unit of the first filtration unit in order to predict the process duration or remaining process duration.
- the linguistic rules of the fuzzy controller can include models, facts, environmental data, etc. and physically Show chemical relationships as expert knowledge.
- the artificial neural networks used can also be trained on the basis of such models or facts.
- fuzzy controllers and / or artificial neural networks to predict the process duration allows a significantly more reliable prognosis of the process duration to be made, even with inadequate modeling and unknown influences on the process duration.
- the system used can be designed to be capable of learning, so that the prognoses become better with increasing operating time of the filter system.
- control unit can be designed to adaptively regulate the occupancy of the second filtration unit on the basis of a fuzzy Perform logic and / or artificial neural networks.
- the above-mentioned actions can be determined as output parameters of the fuzzy systems, artificial neural networks or neuro-fuzzy systems used, for example whether an intervention in an ongoing filter process or an ongoing cleaning process should take place.
- the termination of a filter process or the time of a filtration end can be determined as output parameters.
- the overflow speed, the filtration speed, the maximum transmembrane pressure, a point in time for a cleaning process by backwashing, a reversal of the unfiltrate flow, a point in time and a number of intermediate CIPs, and a point in time for a main CIP can be determined as starting parameters.
- a cleaning process can be initiated and / or the type and duration of the cleaning process can be selected, for example by backwashing, intermediate CIP or main CIP.
- the duration of a filter process can be adjusted, the duration of a soaking process of the membrane filter module can be adjusted, and a standby can be prepared.
- control unit and the separate control and / or regulating units of the filtration units can, in particular, as mentioned, be designed as programmable logic controllers, with a connection to the cloud for training the artificial neural networks being additionally provided. Data sets from other filter systems can thus be used to improve the adaptive control of the occupancy.
- At least one sensor in particular assigned to the first filtration unit, can be provided, the process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit comprising a process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit measured by means of the sensor.
- a viscosity sensor and / or a density sensor can be provided which measures the viscosity of the unfiltrate or the density of the unfiltrate in the respective circuit of the first filtration unit.
- a sensor for measuring the viscosity can be designed as a quartz viscometer, in particular with piezomechanical quartz sensors. The density can be determined, for example, by radiation absorption, bending vibrators or the like.
- a sensor for measuring the viscoelasticity can also be provided.
- sensors for measuring process parameters include a sensor for measuring the turbidity of the unfiltrate, a sensor for measuring the color of the unfiltrate and / or the filtrate, a sensor for measuring the transmembrane pressure, a sensor for measuring the filtrate flow, and a sensor for measuring the Overflow speed, a sensor for measuring the mass flow through the membrane filter, a temperature sensor for the unfiltrate, a sensor for measuring a backwash volume flow, a sensor for measuring a backwash speed, a sensor for measuring a backwash pressure and the like.
- the process parameter or parameters of the filtration with the first filtration unit measured by the sensors can be used as an alternative or in addition to the predicted process duration of a filter process and / or a cleaning process of the first filtration unit by the control unit according to the invention in order to adaptively control an occupancy of the second filtration unit.
- Process parameters relating to the filtration with the first filtration unit can thus be explicitly taken into account when regulating the occupancy of the second filtration unit. In this way, a more fundamental but more complex optimization of the occupancy of the second filtration unit can be achieved.
- the second filtration unit can comprise a plurality of membrane filter modules connected in parallel with a double inlet line and a double return line, controllable shut-off devices being provided between the membrane filter modules connected in parallel for reversing a direction of flow of the unfiltrate during the filtration, and the control unit being designed to reverse the flow direction of the unfiltrate in the second filtration unit as a function of the process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit.
- Each membrane filter module of the second filtration unit thus has two inlet lines which can be opened and closed by the control unit via controllable shut-off devices, for example shut-off valves, and which are connected to the inlet or the outlet of the membrane filter module for unfiltrate.
- each membrane filter module has two return lines which can be selectively opened and closed by the control unit via controllable shut-off devices and which are also connected to the inlet or the outlet of the following membrane filter module for unfiltrate.
- the feed lines of the subsequent module can be given by the return lines of the previous module.
- Controllable shut-off devices are thus provided between the membrane filter modules connected in parallel.
- the duration of a filter process can be extended, since an area of the membrane filter modules that is initially less loaded by membrane fouling is now exposed to a higher load and vice versa.
- Such a reversal of the direction of flow of the unfiltrate can thus be used by the control unit in a targeted manner, for example depending on a remaining process duration of a cleaning process of the first filtration unit, in order to extend a filtering process of the second filtration unit, for example until the cleaning process of the first filtration unit is completed.
- the second filtration unit can have membrane filter modules connected in series and a reversible pump with which the direction of flow of the unfiltrate can be reversed in a controlled manner.
- a method for filtering fluids in particular with one of the devices described above, the method comprising a sequence of filter processes for filtering unfiltrate and of cleaning processes for cleaning the membrane filter modules of the first and second filtration units, wherein the unfiltrate is passed in separate circuits through at least one membrane filter module of the first filtration unit and through at least one membrane filter module of the second filtration unit, and wherein the filtrate is derived from the membrane filter modules, an occupancy of the second filtration unit depending on at least one process parameter of a filtration with the first filtration unit is controlled adaptively.
- the same variations and developments that were described above in connection with the devices for filtering fluids according to the invention can also be applied to the method for filtering fluids.
- the developments of the first and second filtration units, the membrane filter modules and the control and / or regulating units described above can be used.
- the sequence can also include further sections, for example the above-mentioned pretensioning and retraction of the membrane filter modules, standby phases or rest phases and the like.
- the cleaning processes can in particular be backwashing processes, intermediate CIPs and main CIPs.
- the process parameters described above can be used as process parameters of the filtration with the first filtration unit.
- an occupancy of the first filtration unit can be adaptively regulated as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with the second filtration unit.
- the process parameters described above can be used to adaptively control the occupancy of the first filtration unit.
- the process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit can include a predicted process duration, in particular residual process duration, of a filter process and / or a cleaning process of the first filtration unit.
- the occupancy of at least one filtration unit of a plurality of filtration units can be adaptively regulated as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with one or more other filtration units of the plurality of filtration units.
- the occupancy of all filtration units of the large number of filtration units can be regulated adaptively.
- the adaptive control of the occupancy of the second filtration unit can include adapting at least one control parameter of a filter process and / or a cleaning process of the second filtration unit, the control parameter of the filter process of the second filtration unit being adapted in particular as a function of a predicted remaining process duration of a parallel cleaning process of the first filtration unit can, and / or wherein the control parameter of the cleaning process of the second filtration unit can be adapted in particular as a function of a predicted remaining process duration of a parallel filter process of the first filtration unit.
- the filtering process and the cleaning process do not have to run completely parallel.
- the control parameters described above can be used as control parameters.
- limit values for process parameters such as the transmembrane pressure, in which a specific action, for example ending a filter process and initiating cleaning or backflushing with filtrate to extend the filtering process, can be carried out as control parameters.
- the adaptive control can extend the filtering process at least until the cleaning process of the first filtration unit is complete.
- the filter process can be extended until the pre-tensioning of the membrane filter modules of the first filtration unit that follows the cleaning process is completed. If, on the other hand, the second filtration unit is in a cleaning process while the first filtration unit is in a filter process, the adaptive control can intensify and / or shorten the cleaning process as described above, so that the second filtration unit is available to the first filtration unit at the end of the filtering process .
- the adaptive control of the occupancy of the second filtration unit can include stopping a filter process and initiating a cleaning process of the second filtration unit and / or terminating the cleaning process and initiating a further filter process of the second filtration unit depending on the process parameter of the filtration with the first filtration unit.
- the initiation of the cleaning process of the second filtration unit can in particular include a selection of the cleaning process from the following group: cleaning by backwashing, cleaning-in-place, cleaning by backwashing and cleaning-in-place, general cleaning and predetermined cleaning programs.
- a cleaning process by backwashing as described above can comprise several backwashing steps, in particular with different backwashing media.
- the initiation of the cleaning process can also include a selection of the type and amount of chemicals used in a CIP cleaning and / or the intensity and / or duration of the cleaning process and / or the adjustment of control parameters of the cleaning process. For example, an intermediate CIP with a small amount or concentration or a main CIP with a higher quantity or concentration and possibly other or additional chemicals.
- the subsequent cleaning process can be adapted such that a fouling layer on the membrane filter modules of the second filtration unit is removed as completely as possible, taking into account the boundary conditions with regard to the occupation of the second filtration unit, in order to ensure a maximum process duration of the subsequent filter process.
- the adaptation of the at least one control parameter of the filter process of the second filtration unit can include a reversal of a flow direction of the unfiltrate in the at least one membrane filter module of the second filtration unit.
- the adaptation can in particular include the determination of a point in time at which the flow direction is reversed. In this way, as mentioned above, a remaining process time of the filtering process of the second filtration unit can be extended.
- the reversal of the flow direction of the unfiltrate can be brought about by targeted activation of the shut-off devices described above, for example shut-off valves, in the inlet and return lines of the membrane filter modules of the second filtration unit connected in parallel.
- the adaptive control of the occupancy of the second filtration unit can be carried out on the basis of fuzzy logic and / or artificial neural networks.
- the process duration of a filter process or a cleaning process can be predicted on the basis of fuzzy logic and / or artificial neural networks.
- the control and / or regulation of a filter process or a cleaning process of each filtration unit can also be carried out by a corresponding separate control and / or regulating unit of this filtration unit on the basis of fuzzy logic and / or artificial neural networks.
- the devices and methods according to the invention permit an optimization of the occupancy of the filtration units of a filter system with a view to avoiding production interruptions and downtimes of individual filtration units.
- Both the type and duration of the cleaning processes used can be optimized, and the length and periods of the filter processes of different filtration units can be coordinated.
- the excessive use of cleaning agents, ie chemicals can be avoided in CIP cleaning, since the type and duration of the cleaning processes used are adaptively regulated as required. Excessive clogging of the membrane filter can also be avoided by uncontrollably increasing the transmembrane pressure.
- the devices and methods according to the invention achieve an occupancy and overall process optimization which lead to optimally utilized filtration units with optimal cleaning and efficient total operating costs.
- the occupancy of the filtration units is now flexibly and adaptively adjusted by filter processes and cleaning processes in order to optimize the overall occupancy of the filter system. This affects not only the length of a standby phase, but all process steps starting with soaking, i.e. the soaking with chemicals during CIP cleaning, the CIP duration and the length of the filtering process. Since fewer chemicals can be used in CIP cleaning, the service life of the filter membranes of the membrane filter modules is also extended, which means that additional costs can be saved.
- Filtration of beer generally results in shorter cycles from the filtering process and cleaning process compared to other fluids, so that optimized occupancy control in breweries is particularly important.
- the optimized occupancy control described above leads to more efficient filtration and thus to cost savings. Smaller filter systems can produce a higher amount of filtrate, which reduces the total cost of ownership.
- the filter membranes are protected.
- Figure 1 shows a rough schematic of the structure of a single filtration unit.
- Figure 2 shows roughly schematically a filter system with several filtration units according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows the exchange of process parameters between separate control and / or regulating units of two filtration units according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative development for exchanging process parameters of a higher-level control unit.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of an occupancy optimization for two filtration units.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the reversal of the flow direction in a filtration unit with several membrane filter modules connected in parallel.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a large number of characteristic curve fields for controlling and / or regulating the filtration units.
- FIG. 1 shows, roughly schematically, an exemplary structure of an individual, independently controllable and / or regulatable filtration unit.
- the filtration unit shown here carries out a filtration using the crossflow method.
- the further developments described below can also be used for filtration using the dead-end flow method by simple adjustments.
- the filtration unit shown in FIG. 1 comprises at least one membrane filter module 1, for example a crossflow membrane filter module, through which the unfiltrate, for example unfiltered beer, can be circulated (indicated by arrow K).
- membrane filter module 1 for example a crossflow membrane filter module
- the unfiltrate for example unfiltered beer
- membrane filter modules can also be provided, which can be arranged in series or parallel to one another.
- FIG. 6, A special variant of this is shown in FIG. 6, for example.
- a filtrate line 18 is provided with a control or regulating valve 17, via which the filtrate is withdrawn from the membrane filter module 1.
- the control valve 17 can be controlled or regulated by the control and / or regulating unit 8 of the filtration unit, for example in order to set a pressure level on the filtrate side.
- the position of the control valve 17 is thus a manipulated variable of the control and / or regulation of a filter process of the filtration unit, for example the duration of the filter process can be controlled or regulated.
- the pressure level on the filtrate side is a control or regulating parameter of the control and / or regulating unit 8.
- the filtration unit also has an inlet line 3, through which, for example, beer loaded with yeast is pumped in the direction of the membrane filter module 1, for example via a, in particular controllable, pump 7.
- the pump 7 can also be arranged on the section of the feed line 3 between the confluence of the line 13 and the point 16.
- the filtration unit comprises a circulation line 5, into which the inlet line 3 opens at point 16, and through which the unfiltrate, i.e. the retentate can circulate in the circuit K.
- the filtration unit also has a return line 6, via which unfiltrate can be discharged from the circulation line 5.
- a control valve 9 is provided in the return line 6, via which the flow of the derived unfiltrate can be adjusted.
- a control valve 19 is provided in the circulation line 5, via which the flow of the circulating unfiltrate can be adjusted.
- a, in particular controllable, pump 15 can be provided in the circulation line 5, by means of which, for example, an overflow speed of the filter membrane through the non-filtrate can be set. The transmembrane pressure can be reduced, for example, by changing (depending on the filter state, an increase or decrease) of the overflow speed.
- a drain line 12 branches off from the return line 6, via which the unfiltrate from the return line 6 can be fed to a channel 10 via a further control valve 11. The flow of the unfiltrate to this channel can be set via the control valve 11.
- the return line 6 opens into a concentration tank 2, which is designed here, for example, as a cylindroconical tank and which is connected to the inlet line 3 via a line 13 and a control valve 14. Concentrated unfiltrate can thus be returned to the feed line 3 from the concentration tank 2.
- sensors 4a and 4b are arranged in the circulation line 5 and the return line 6, respectively.
- process parameters such as the viscosity or density of the unfiltrate, can be measured in situ during the filtration.
- a viscosity sensor and / or a density sensor can be used as sensors, for example.
- the measured process parameters are transmitted from the sensors 4a and 4b to the control and / or regulating unit 8 via lines (not shown) or wirelessly, where they are processed with the filtration unit to control and / or regulate the filtration.
- the specific arrangement of the sensors 4a and 4b in FIG. 1 is not limiting, but is only illustrative. Fewer or more sensors can be provided, which can be arranged at different locations on the filtration unit.
- the sensors can also send the measured process parameters to a transmit higher-level control unit, which it uses to control the occupancy of at least one further filtration unit.
- the control valves 9, 11, 14, 17 and 19 as well as the pumps 7 and 15 can be used by the control and / or regulating unit 8 to control or regulate the filtration.
- a flow rate or overflow rate of the unfiltrate in the membrane filter module 1 can be set as mentioned above.
- the pressure level on the unfiltrate side can be influenced.
- the control valve 17 By controlling the control valve 17, however, the pressure level on the filtrate side can be influenced.
- the trans-membrane pressure and its gradient can thus be influenced directly via the filter membrane of the membrane filter module 1.
- control and / or regulating unit 8 takes over the control or regulation of the above-mentioned control or regulating valves and pumps via corresponding control or regulating parameters.
- a higher-level control unit controls individual or all of the above-mentioned control valves and pumps directly, for example to extend a filtering process.
- the filtration unit can also have cleaning devices, not shown, such as a backwash line for a cleaning process by means of backwashing, and a CIP unit.
- the cleaning devices can also be controlled or regulated by the control and / or regulating unit 8 and / or directly by a higher-level regulating unit.
- a higher-level control unit as described above, can intensify and / or shorten a cleaning process, for example by controlling a controllable pump used for backwashing.
- control and / or regulation of filter processes and cleaning processes of the filtration unit can be carried out by means of the control and / or regulating unit 8 on the basis of fuzzy logic and / or artificial neural networks.
- Intuitive linguistic rules can be used, which sometimes combine opposing criteria with one another in order to obtain an optimal filtration result.
- the individual rules can be weighted differently and / or prioritized and / or eliminated.
- the linguistic rules can be derived, for example, from so-called characteristic curve fields, as shown in FIG. 7. Some exemplary, non-limiting characteristic curve fields for the control and / or regulation of a filtration unit are shown in FIG.
- the sub-figure 7a) shows, for example, a characteristic curve of sustainability in relation to the output of filtrate.
- the sub-figure 7b) shows the characteristic curve of sustainability with reference to an energy input.
- the sub-figure 7c) shows a characteristic of the beer quality with reference to one Cleaning effort.
- Sub-figure 7d shows a characteristic curve of the energy input with reference to the output.
- the sub-figure 7e shows a characteristic curve of the discharge with reference to the membrane lifetime of the filter membrane.
- sub-figure 7f) shows the characteristic curve of sustainability with reference to the cleaning time.
- sustainability can be increased by using less media (a lower concentration of chemicals, or omitting a CIP component, for example enzymes) when cleaning the filter membranes, which means that cleaning takes longer or is not as effective.
- less filtering for example, less beer is filtered
- only a short filtering process can be achieved before the filter membrane has to be cleaned again.
- the use of energy can be reduced by saving energy, for example by CIP cleaning at a lower temperature. This also means that cleaning takes longer or is not as effective, as a result of which the output quantity is reduced and / or the process duration of the filter process is shortened.
- CIP cleaning can be carried out faster and with higher concentrations, temperatures and / or greater media use in order to reduce downtimes, i.e. To minimize times without filtration of the filtration unit.
- this generally shortens the membrane life as shown in sub-figure 7e).
- the beer quality is above all other sizes and must be met, especially for premium varieties. If necessary, the filtration speed is reduced for this.
- a CIP cleaning can be carried out longer and more thoroughly, whereby the CIP cleaning may be carried out with high temperatures and high cleaning agent concentrations or additional additives. Often, beers that are fermented too short and have too high a yeast cell count are not filtered. In general, moderate operating conditions, e.g. moderate transmembrane pressures, the beer quality of the filtrate.
- the filter membranes can be protected by moderate cleaning, ie low temperatures and low concentrations of chemicals.
- the process duration of the filter process must be adjusted accordingly.
- moderate cleaning takes longer, which also extends the process duration of the cleaning process.
- the membrane life increases, so that costs can be reduced by the membrane exchange. However, this also reduces the amount of filtration.
- the exemplary rules described above partially set opposite trends for the control or regulation of the filtration unit. With the help of fuzzy logic and / or artificial neural networks, however, an optimal balance between these trends can be determined, since no detailed modeling of the filtration or cleaning is required.
- FIG. 2 shows roughly schematically a filter system with several filtration units according to the present invention.
- Each of the illustrated, in principle independently controllable and / or regulatable, filtration units 120-1 to 120-N comprises at least the circuit K of the filtration unit shown in FIG. 1 with at least one membrane filter module 1, the circulation line 5, the pump 15, the control valve 19 and for example a sensor 4a.
- each filtration unit can have its own separate control and / or regulating unit 108-1 to 108-N, which controls and / or regulates the filtration with the respective filtration unit.
- each filtration unit 120-1 to 120-N can have its own concentration tank 2, its own return line 6 with control valve 9 and possibly sensor 4b and its own drain line 12 to the channel 10 as shown in FIG. 1.
- the filtration units 120-1 to 120-N are shown in simplified form, only the separate control and / or regulating units 108-1 to 108-N being shown.
- a return line with control valve 109-1 to 109-N leads from each filtration unit to a common return line 106 for the filtration units, which leads the return of unfiltered material to a common concentration tank 102.
- this common return line 106 there is in turn a sensor 104 which can measure, for example, a viscosity of the returning unfiltrate. Even if not shown, a sensor can also be located in each return line of each filtration unit 120-1 to 120-N.
- a common outlet line 1 12 with control valve 1 1 1 to a channel 1 10 is provided for unfiltrate to be discarded.
- a common concentrate tank 102 can provide, for example, a balance in the process duration of filter processes with different filtration units.
- a line 11 leads again via a control valve 114 into a common inlet line 103 for unfiltered fluid, in particular beer, which is supplied by a controllable pump 107 from an upstream system part, for example a storage tank.
- the pump 107 can alternatively be arranged between the confluence of the line 13 and the branch to the individual filtration units.
- a sensor 124 is provided, for example for measuring a yeast cell number of the supplied unfiltrate.
- the unfiltrate supplied via the common inlet line 103 is led via branched inlet lines to the filtration units 120-1 to 120-N, separate control valves 123-1 to 123-N being provided in the individual inlet lines, by means of which the volume flow of unfiltrate to the respective filtration unit can be controlled or regulated. Controlled opening and closing of the control valves 123-1 to 123-N can ensure that only those filtration units that are currently in the status of the filtering process are supplied with unfiltrate. In contrast, the corresponding control valve can be closed during a cleaning process of a filtration unit.
- Separate filtrate lines with their own control valves 1 17-1 to 1 17-N lead from the filtration units 120-1 to 120-N to a common filtrate line 1 18, which forwards the filtrate to a downstream system part, for example a pressure tank or a filling system.
- a downstream system part for example a pressure tank or a filling system.
- FIG. 2 also shows a higher-level control unit 180, by means of which the assignment of the filtration units 120-1 to 120-N is adaptively controlled, as described above.
- the control unit 180 can either directly or indirectly control valves 123-1 to 123-N, 1 17-1 to 1 17-N and 109-1 to 109-N, as well as separate circuit pumps 15 (not shown in Figure 2) of the respective Control or regulate filtration units.
- the control unit 180 passes on corresponding control signals to the respective separate control and / or regulating units 108-1 to 108-N, which are transmitted by the separate control and / or regulating units in the control or regulation of the Filter processes and cleaning processes of the respective filtration units are taken into account.
- control signals can signal, for example, a desired extension of a filter process, a desired intensification and / or shortening of a cleaning process or the like, as described in detail above.
- the control unit 180 can also send control signals directly to the control valves and pumps mentioned above.
- the control of the occupancy of a filtration unit by means of the control unit 180 is carried out as described in FIG Dependence on at least one process parameter of a filtration with at least one further filtration unit from the group of filtration units 120-1 to 120-N.
- the control unit 180 adapts filter processes and cleaning processes of the filtration units 120-1 to 120-N as described below using the example in FIG. 5 in order to optimize the occupancy of the entire filter system.
- the control of the occupancy of each filtration unit can, however, as described above, also be carried out by the separate control and / or regulating units 108-1 to 108-N.
- An example of such an individual occupancy control is demonstrated in FIG. 3 using the example of two filtration units.
- the control and / or regulating units 208-1 and 208-2 and, by way of example, one sensor 204-1 and 204-2 are shown for each of the filtration units.
- the sensor 204-1 of the first filtration unit transmits a measured process parameter 226-1 of a filtration with the first filtration unit to the control and / or regulating unit 208-2 of the second filtration unit.
- the sensor 204-2 of the second filtration unit transmits a measured process parameter 226-2 of a filtration with the second filtration unit to the control and / or regulating unit 208-1 of the first filtration unit.
- the control and / or regulating unit 208-1 of the first filtration unit predicts a process duration, in particular the remaining process duration, a filter process or a cleaning process of the first filtration unit, as described above in detail, and transmits the predicted process duration 225-1 to the control and / or Control unit 208-2 of the second filtration unit.
- control and / or regulating unit 208-2 of the second filtration unit predicts a process duration, in particular remaining process duration, a filter process or a cleaning process of the second filtration unit and transmits the predicted process duration 225-2 to the control and / or regulating unit 208-1 of the first Filtration unit.
- the control and / or regulating unit 208-1 of the first filtration unit regulates an assignment of the first filtration unit as described above, for example by extending a filter process or intensifying and / or or shortening a cleaning process of the first filtration unit.
- the control and / or regulating unit 208-2 of the second filtration unit controls an occupancy of the second filtration unit as a function of the transmitted process parameter 226-1 and / or the transmitted process duration 225-1.
- fuzzy logic and / or artificial neural networks can be used.
- the control and / or regulating units 208-1 and 208-2 of the filtration units are configured to be equivalent.
- a control and / or regulating unit can also be configured as a slave of the other control and / or regulating unit as a master. This is particularly conceivable if only the occupancy of one filtration unit from this pair is to be regulated as a function of at least one process parameter of a filtration with the other filtration unit.
- a higher-level control unit 380 being configured as the master compared to the separate control and / or control units 308-1 and 308-2 of the filtration units configured as slaves.
- the control and / or regulating unit 308-1 of the first filtration unit transmits a predicted process duration 325-1 to the higher-level regulating unit 380.
- a sensor 304-1 shown as an example transmits a measured process parameter 326- to the first filtration unit. 1 to the control unit 380.
- the transmitted process parameter 326-1 and / or the transmitted process duration 325-1 are processed by the control unit 380 in order to send a control signal 327-2 to the control and / or regulating unit 308 for regulating the occupancy of the second filtration unit -2 to transmit this second filtration unit.
- the control and / or regulating unit 308-2 of the second filtration unit can then adapt a filter process or a cleaning process of the second filtration unit accordingly, as described above.
- control and / or regulating unit 308-2 of the second filtration unit transmits a process duration 325-2 to the higher-level control unit 380.
- a sensor 304-2 of the second filtration unit transmits a measured process parameter 326-2 to the control unit 380.
- the transmitted process duration 325-2 and / or the transmitted process parameter 326-2 are processed by the control unit 380 in order to transmit a control signal 327-1 for controlling the occupancy of the first filtration unit to the control and / or regulating unit 308-1 of this first filtration unit.
- the control and / or regulating unit 308-1 of the first filtration unit can then adapt a filter process or a cleaning process of the first filtration unit accordingly, as described above.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 Mixed forms of the architectures in FIGS. 3 and 4 are also conceivable in a filter system with several filtration units.
- the occupancy control according to the invention is demonstrated using an example occupancy optimization for two filtration units.
- the assignments for the first filtration unit A and the second filtration unit B are shown here by way of example using sequences with the steps of pre-tensioning, filtration, shutdown, CIP and pause.
- the present invention is not limited to these special steps, but alternative or additional cleaning processes and further process steps can be provided.
- the occupancy optimization can be expanded accordingly to three or more filtration units.
- an occupancy rule can guarantee that at least one filtration unit of a plurality of filtration units is always in a filter process.
- control can also cause the output of filtrate to remain approximately constant.
- suitable control parameters of the filter processes for example the transmembrane pressure and / or the overflow speed, can be adapted to adapt the instantaneous output to the filtrate of the individual filter processes in such a way that the total output is approximately constant.
- the uppermost pair A1 / B1 in FIG. 5 shows, as is known in the prior art, rigid sequence sequences for the individual process steps.
- the sequences shown it is assumed for demonstration purposes that the filtration with the two filtration units takes place under exactly the same circumstances, so that an optimal occupation without filtration gaps, in particular breaks, apart from an initial pause of the second filtration unit, is possible.
- the sequence of shutting down, CIP cleaning and pretensioning takes place in the first filtration unit A1, so that the first filtration unit A1 is again available to the second filtration unit B1 at the end of the filtering process.
- the filtrations with the individual filtration units never run completely the same, so that, as indicated in the middle pair A2 / B2, there are inevitably shifts and associated filtration gaps in the sequences.
- the second filtration of the first filtration unit A2 in the sequence illustrated by way of example extends beyond the pretensioning of the second filtration unit B2, so that there is a shift here.
- Other events can also lead to filtration gaps or breaks in the sequence.
- a threshold value for the maximum concentration of the unfiltrate of a filtration unit can lead to an unexpectedly premature end of a filtering process of this filtration unit, so that no other filtration unit is available at this time. Since the sequence sequences in the prior art are rigidly specified, for example in the form of fixed limit values are specified, a once-occurring shift continues through the operation of the filter system, without the occurring filtration gaps being able to be corrected.
- the adaptive control is shown as an example in FIG. 5 using the last pair A3 / B3.
- the filtration of the first filtration unit A3 is controlled or regulated autonomously by the control and / or regulating unit of this filtration unit, i.e. regardless of the filtration of the second filtration unit B3.
- the occupancy of the second filtration unit i.e. In particular, the times and duration of the filter processes and the cleaning processes of the second filtration unit B3, adaptively regulated as a function of predicted remaining process times of filter processes and cleaning processes of the first filtration unit A3.
- the sequence of the first filtration unit A3 begins with a particularly long filter process, so that the first filter process of the second filtration unit B3 starts with an adaptively controlled delay. Since the first filter process of the illustrated sequence of the first filtration unit A3 is longer than usual, the higher-level control unit or the separate control and / or regulating unit of the first filtration unit A3 predicts an extended process duration of the subsequent CIP cleaning. In order to avoid the occurrence of a filtration gap due to this longer CIP cleaning, the first filtering process of the second filtration unit B3 is extended until the CIP cleaning and the subsequent pretensioning of the first filtration unit A3 are completed. In this way it is ensured that the first filtration unit A3 is again available for a subsequent filtering process at the end of the filtering process of the second filtration unit B3.
- the control unit or the separate control and / or regulating unit of the first filtration unit A3 predicts this shortened process duration of the filter process.
- the CIP cleaning of the second filtration unit B3 is therefore shortened, so that the second filtration unit B3 is again available for filtering product such as beer at the end of the shortened process duration of the filtering process of the first filtration unit A3.
- the control unit additionally intensifies the CIP cleaning of the second filtration unit B3. In this way, the control unit can counteract instability in the sequence of filter processes and cleaning processes.
- an adaptive control of the occupancy of one or more filtration units leads to an optimal utilization of the filter system, whereby the filter membranes can be protected and the use of chemicals can be reduced.
- a filter process can be extended, for example, by reversing the direction of flow of unfiltrate in a filtration unit with several membrane filter modules connected in parallel or in series. Such a reversal of the flow direction is shown as an example in FIG. 6.
- the filtration unit has a plurality of membrane filter modules 401 connected in parallel, which are connected to one another and to a common inlet line 435 and a common return line 436 via double inlet lines 431 and 432 and double return lines 433 and 434.
- a pump 415 for circulating the unfiltrate is provided in the common feed line 435.
- Controllable shut-off valves 430 are provided between the membrane filter modules 401 connected in parallel and are specifically opened or closed by a control and / or regulating unit of the filtration unit. In Figure 6, closed check valves are filled and open check valves are shown empty. In addition to the check valves between adjacent membrane filter modules 401, check valves 430 are also provided in the feed lines 431 and 432 of the first membrane filter module.
- the shut-off valves 430 are opened or closed by the control and / or regulating unit in such a way that, as shown by arrows in FIG. 6, there is a flow through the membrane filter modules 401. Alternating opening and closing of the shut-off valves 430 in the feed lines results in a flow of the unfiltrate in the form of an S-curve, as shown in the upper figure in FIG. 6, with direct successive membrane filter modules 401 always being flowed through in the opposite direction.
- the flow direction of the unfiltrate through the membrane filter modules 401 is exactly reversed as shown in the lower part figure. Due to the design of the filtration unit, this is possible without reversing the pumping direction of the pump 415. As a result, the roles of inlet and outlet for the unfiltrate are reversed on all membrane filter modules 401. Thereby For example, a thickness of the fouling layer along the filter membranes of membrane filter modules 401 can be compensated, which can lengthen the filtering process.
- membrane filter modules are arranged in series, a reversal of the flow direction of the unfiltrate can be achieved, as mentioned above, by reversing a reversible pump.
- the reversal of the flow direction of the unfiltrate through the membrane filter modules 401 can be forced by the higher-level control unit as part of the adaptive occupancy control.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018217961 | 2018-10-19 | ||
| DE102018218440.2A DE102018218440A1 (de) | 2018-10-19 | 2018-10-29 | Membranfilteranlage und Verfahren zur Regelung derselben |
| PCT/EP2019/077911 WO2020078970A1 (de) | 2018-10-19 | 2019-10-15 | Membranfilteranlage und verfahren zur regelung derselben mittels fuzzy-logik und/oder künstlicher neuronaler netze |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3866954A1 true EP3866954A1 (de) | 2021-08-25 |
Family
ID=70468655
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19789927.1A Withdrawn EP3866954A1 (de) | 2018-10-19 | 2019-10-15 | Membranfilteranlage und verfahren zur regelung derselben mittels fuzzy-logik und/oder künstlicher neuronaler netze |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3866954A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN113260447A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018218440A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022268307A1 (de) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-29 | Krones Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum filtrieren von bier |
| EP4245406A1 (de) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-09-20 | Saravanos Process++ SRL | Systeme und verfahren zum zuführen von einlassmaterialien zu einem prozesssystem |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52150788A (en) * | 1976-06-11 | 1977-12-14 | Warutaa Purofuosu Osukaa | Method and apparatus for cleaning reverse osmosis and ultraafiltration apparatus |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2817768B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-13 | 2003-08-29 | Lyonnaise Eaux Eclairage | Procede de regulation d'une installation de filtration sur membranes |
| JP2009262087A (ja) * | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 水処理装置の運転方法 |
| CN201280443Y (zh) * | 2008-10-08 | 2009-07-29 | 国网运行有限公司上海超高压管理处 | 换流站工业水预处理设备 |
| CN102010031A (zh) * | 2010-10-18 | 2011-04-13 | 北京坎普尔环保技术有限公司 | 具有至少两组可进行切换曝气操作膜组件的污水处理装置 |
| JP5587240B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-21 | 2014-09-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 海水淡水化システムの制御装置及びその制御方法 |
| DE102016225841A1 (de) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-21 | Krones Ag | Regelung der Aufkonzentrierung im Crossflow bei der Membranfiltration von Bier |
-
2018
- 2018-10-29 DE DE102018218440.2A patent/DE102018218440A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-10-15 EP EP19789927.1A patent/EP3866954A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-10-15 CN CN201980067741.2A patent/CN113260447A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52150788A (en) * | 1976-06-11 | 1977-12-14 | Warutaa Purofuosu Osukaa | Method and apparatus for cleaning reverse osmosis and ultraafiltration apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102018218440A1 (de) | 2020-04-23 |
| CN113260447A (zh) | 2021-08-13 |
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