EP3860949A1 - Procédé de préparation de matériau sol-gel silicaté nanoporeux monolithique - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation de matériau sol-gel silicaté nanoporeux monolithiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3860949A1 EP3860949A1 EP19801957.2A EP19801957A EP3860949A1 EP 3860949 A1 EP3860949 A1 EP 3860949A1 EP 19801957 A EP19801957 A EP 19801957A EP 3860949 A1 EP3860949 A1 EP 3860949A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drying
- enclosure
- humidity
- gel
- tmos
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/16—Preparation of silica xerogels
- C01B33/163—Preparation of silica xerogels by hydrolysis of organosilicon compounds, e.g. ethyl orthosilicate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/155—Preparation of hydroorganogels or organogels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28047—Gels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a monolithic nanoporous silicate sol-gel material making it possible to modulate the distribution of pore sizes for the same starting composition and this without adding a structuring agent.
- VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds
- the materials to be measured for VOC emissions are of various types, compositions and shapes. It can be rigid solid materials such as wood-based panels (particle board, chipboard, etc.), plaster, plastic, decorative coatings (tapestry, paneling, etc.). It can also be solid "ventilated” materials such as foam or insulation glass wool, textiles, cotton wool, etc. Finally, it can be liquid materials such as paints, perfume diffusers, household products, etc. Due to this diversity, materials do not emit the same VOCs, neither according to the same mechanisms nor with the same speeds. For example, toluene, which may be present in a liquid paint, will not be emitted at the same rate as toluene trapped in a plastic matrix. In the first case, the rate of release will depend on the vapor pressure of toluene and its partition coefficient in the liquid. In the second case, the relevant parameter will be the rate of diffusion of the toluene trapped in the material towards the gas phase.
- the rate of release in this case, can be modulated with the number of layers of electrolytes deposited on the surface of the silica sphere. This method involves heating the material and adapting the heating temperature to the molecule to be released.
- the second strategy is the one that has been the most developed since the discovery in 1992 of the MCM-41 material by Mobil Oil researchers (CT Kresge et al., Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism, Nature, 359 (1992) 710-712) and subsequently the materials MCM-50 and MCM-48 (US 6,096,288A).
- CT Kresge et al. Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism, Nature, 359 (1992) 710-712
- MCM-50 and MCM-48 US 6,096,288A
- mesoporous silicas and methods for controlling the size distribution of mesopores are all based on the use of a large variety of structuring agents (template molecule) of various sizes, neutral or charged and various hydro-organic solvents capable of structuring them in various forms (hexagonal, lamellar or cubic
- the pore diameter could be varied between 15 and 100 ⁇ depending on the nature of the structuring agent.
- the pore sizes could be enlarged between 46 and 300 ⁇ with the use of amphiphilic triblock copolymers (D. Zhao et al., Nonionic triblock and star diblock copolymer and oligomeric surfactant syntheses of highly ordered, hydrothermally stable, mesoporous silica structures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120 (1998) 6024-6036).
- mesoporous silicates are in most cases in the form of a powder, the grain size of which is nano- to micrometric, whatever the conditions of synthesis.
- the pores filled with structuring agents are then hollowed out either by calcination at high temperature or by successive washes with water or with organic solvents depending on the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of these compounds.
- Mesoporous silicates can also be deposited in the form of thin films on a solid substrate. On the other hand, the production of monolithic blocks with such pore structuring is not possible.
- the aim of the present invention is to simplify the method of sol-gel synthesis of monolithic nanoporous silicate materials with the possibility of modulating the size of the pores without adding a structuring agent.
- structuring agent is meant, within the meaning of the invention, a molecule having the capacity to spontaneously self-organize during inorganic polymerization and thus inducing a structuring of the gel on a nanometric scale.
- the surfactant is a nonionic copolymer, it can ball up when it is poorly solvated by the solvents of the surrounding medium and form spheres whose diameter depends on the length of the chains of the copolymer.
- the silylated precursors come to polycondense around these spheres forming an organized porous network.
- the surfactant When the surfactant is ionic, it is organized into micelles of different shapes (spherical, cubic, hexagonal, lamellar) around which the silylated precursors condense.
- the porosity of the materials thus synthesized is revealed after removal of the structuring agents, in particular by calcination or washing of the gel.
- the size of the nanopores can be varied depending on the structuring agent (s) used.
- Nonlimiting examples of structuring agents usually used include nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and anionic surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants examples include block (poly (ethylene oxide) -poly (propylene oxide) -poly (ethylene oxide), poly (ethylene-co-butylene) -block-poly (ethylene oxide) copolymers ), or block terpolymers such as poly (isoprene) -block-poly (styrene) -block-poly (4-vilnylpyridine).
- block poly (ethylene oxide) -poly (propylene oxide) -poly (ethylene oxide), poly (ethylene-co-butylene) -block-poly (ethylene oxide) copolymers
- block terpolymers such as poly (isoprene) -block-poly (styrene) -block-poly (4-vilnylpyridine).
- the materials resulting from syntheses with these structuring agents are SBA1 to SBA16, Pluronic F98, F108 or F127.
- cationic surfactants are most used are hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride or bromide or even l-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.
- Anionic surfactants are linear chains of type C n H 2n + r with carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate functions or phosphate Dodecyl sulfate is most commonly used in its sodium form, also known as SDS.
- the new proposed method makes it possible to obtain a wide range of pore sizes without the use of a structuring agent.
- the first method consumes either organic solvents or acidified aqueous solutions and the second method uses thermal energy to reach high temperatures (> 150 ° C).
- the synthesis of nanoporous monolithic materials is carried out via the sol-gel process from organosilylated precursors: silicon alkoxides.
- the alkoxy groups (-OR) are hydrolyzed into silanol groups ( Si-OH). These condense by forming siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si).
- Small particles generally less than 1 ⁇ m in size, are formed which aggregate and form clusters which remain in suspension without precipitating, forming a sol.
- the increase in the clusters and their condensation increase the viscosity of the gelling medium.
- a porous solid material is obtained by drying the gel with the expulsion of the solvent outside the polymer network formed (syneresis).
- the size of the pores can be modified by carrying out syntheses in an acid medium for obtaining micropores (diameter ⁇ 20A) or basic for obtaining mesopores (20 ⁇ diameter ⁇ 500A) or by combining organosilylated precursors functionalized for obtaining mixed networks of micropores and mesopores.
- syntheses in the literature often ignore the importance of the drying protocol (nature and dimensions of the molds, temperature, humidity, presence of drying gas such as air, nitrogen or other inert gases) and its duration.
- these parameters make it possible to modulate the size of the pores for the same starting formulation.
- An object of the invention therefore relates to a process for the preparation of monolithic nanoporous silicate sol-gel material, said process comprising the following steps: a) synthesis of a gel from at least one organosilyl precursor, the synthesis being carried out in an aqueous medium optionally comprising an organic solvent and without structuring agent;
- step b) drying the gel obtained in step a) in gas flow in a drying chamber until a monolithic nanoporous silicate sol-gel material is obtained and a residual relative humidity in the drying chamber between 0.1 and 20%, preferably between 0.5 to 10% and more preferably around 5%.
- a nanoporous material within the meaning of the invention is a porous material having pore sizes less than 100 nm.
- pores with a diameter less than 20 ⁇ are called micropores, those with a diameter between 20 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ mesopores and those with 500 ⁇ at 100 nm macropores.
- the porosity of the materials is determined by establishing N 2 adsorption isotherms at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Thanks to gas flow drying according to step b), it is now possible to modulate the distribution of pore sizes for the same starting formulation (soil) by varying in particular the relative humidity of this gas flow and / or the temperature in the drying cabinet.
- the method according to the invention requires neither the use of a structuring agent nor an acidic or basic catalyst to vary the distribution of pore sizes of the same starting material.
- the gas flow can for example be a flow of air, nitrogen, other inert gases, such as argon, or a mixture of one or more of these gases.
- the final relative humidity in the drying chamber can be reached in different modes: in dry gas flow, in wet gas flow or by using a combination of wet gas flow and dry gas flow.
- the invention is not limited by the type of drying enclosure used.
- such an enclosure comprises a gas inlet and a gas outlet for creating a scanning of the gel with the gas flow as well as means for detecting the residual humidity level in the enclosure, such as an indicator of humidity.
- a glass desiccator with a gas inlet and outlet and a humidity indicator can be used. Those skilled in the art can easily transpose this principle on a larger scale.
- the drying in stage b) is carried out in a flow of dry gas which entrains the solvents during the drying stage until reaching a residual relative humidity in the drying chamber of 0 , 1 to 20%, preferably between 0.5 to 10% and more preferably around 5%.
- the drying in step b) is carried out in a wet gas flow.
- the drying is advantageously carried out in stages with decreasing humidity levels. For this, drying is carried out with a first gas flow at a first predefined relative humidity rate until the relative humidity level in the enclosure reaches this first set value, then the humidity rate relative flow of gas is lowered to a second predefined relative humidity which is applied until this second setpoint is reached in the drying chamber.
- This second relative humidity level can be the final relative humidity or the drying can be continued on the same principle with one or more additional stages until a residual relative humidity close to zero is reached in the drying chamber.
- the flow of wet gas (air, nitrogen, other inert gases such as argon or a mixture of one or more of these gases) is applied at a relative humidity of 80%, when the rate of relative humidity in the enclosure reaches 80%, the relative humidity in the humid air flow is lowered to 50%, when the relative humidity in the enclosure reaches 50%, the relative humidity in the humid air flow is lowered to 30%, then when the relative humidity in the enclosure reaches 30%, a dry gas flow (air, nitrogen or other inert gases) is applied until a final relative humidity is obtained in the drying chamber equal to approximately 5%.
- wet gas air, nitrogen, other inert gases such as argon or a mixture of one or more of these gases
- step b) of the gel obtained in step a) is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 10 ° C and 70 ° C, preferably between 15 ° C and 55 ° C and more preferably between 20 ° C and 40 ° C.
- the drying in step b) is carried out at a temperature between 15 ° C and 25 ° C, preferably at around 23 ° C.
- the drying in step b) is carried out at a temperature between 30 ° C and 50 ° C, preferably at about 40 ° C.
- step a) of the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out in the absence of an acid or basic catalyst.
- the synthesis of the gel in step a) of the method according to the invention is advantageously carried out from at least one organosilyl precursor chosen from tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane, fluoroalkyltriethoxysilane, chloroalkyltriethoxysilane , a chloroalkyltriethoxysilane, an alkyltrimethoxysilane, an alkyltriethoxysilane, an aminopropyltriethoxysilane, an aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and their mixtures, preferably from tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, phenyltrimethilane (C1-phenyltrimethilane) aminopropyltriethoxysilane and their mixtures, more
- the synthesis of the gel in step a) is carried out using tetramethoxysilane (TMOS).
- the synthesis of the gel is carried out from a mixture of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and another organosilyl precursor chosen from tetraethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane, a fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane, a fluoroalkyltane , a chloroalkyltrimethoxysilane, a chloroalkyltriethoxysilane, an alkyltrimethoxysilane, an alkyltriethoxysilane, an aminopropyltriethoxysilane, an aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and their mixtures, preferably among phenyltrimethoxysilane (Cl) alkyl, Cl (eth) alkyl,
- the ratio of the molar proportions of tetramethoxysilane and another organosilyl precursor can be varied from 1 to 1000, preferably from 2 to 100 and more preferably from 4 to 33.
- the organic solvent used during the synthesis of the gel in step a) is advantageously an organic solvent, preferably an aliphatic alcohol with Cl to C6, more preferably methanol or ethanol and more preferably still methanol.
- an organic solvent preferably an aliphatic alcohol with Cl to C6, more preferably methanol or ethanol and more preferably still methanol.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to reproducibly produce monolithic nanoporous silicate sol-gel materials having, for the same starting composition, a porosity, that is to say a distribution of different pore sizes in depending on the drying conditions applied in step b) of drying in gas flow or in stages of wet gas flow.
- a porosity that is to say a distribution of different pore sizes in depending on the drying conditions applied in step b) of drying in gas flow or in stages of wet gas flow.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- the process of the present invention makes it possible to reproduce, in a reproducible manner, reference and / or standard nanoporous emissive materials with a defined pore size distribution making it possible to emit the same VOC at a determined speed.
- the choice of matrix for the VOC to be trapped / released will depend on the size of the VOC; a distribution of pore sizes very close to that of the VOC will be chosen for release at low speed.
- a matrix with a distribution of pore sizes much larger than that of the VOC will be chosen. It is therefore possible to modulate this release rate with a judicious choice of material.
- Figure 1 Distribution of surface pore sizes for TMOS-based materials; comparison of examples 1, 2, 3 and 4.
- Figure 2 Distribution of surface pore sizes for materials based on TMOS / MeTMOS; comparison of examples 5 and 6.
- Figure 3 Distribution of surface pore sizes for materials based on TMOS / APTES (0.99 / 0.01); comparison of examples 7, 8, 9 and 10.
- Figure 4 Distribution of surface pore sizes for materials based on TMOS / APTES (0.97 / 0.03); comparison of examples 11, 12, 13 and 14.
- Figure 5 Distribution of surface pore sizes for materials based on
- TMOS / APTES (0.80 / 0.20); comparison of examples 15, 16 and 17.
- Figure 6 Distribution of surface pore sizes for materials based on TMOS / PhTMOS (0.90 / 0.10); comparison of examples 18, 19 and 20.
- Figure 7 Measurement of release kinetics in static mode of the toluene trapped in the material of Example 6.
- Figure 9 Evolution of the absorbance of naphthalene trapped in the material of Example 7 as a function of the release time in static mode.
- Figure 10 Release kinetics of naphthalene trapped in the material of Example 7 in static mode.
- Figure 11 Correlation between the rate of release of toluene and the percentage of microporosity of the materials of Examples 2, 3 and 7.
- Figure 12 Releasing kinetics in dynamic mode of toluene with the material of Example 4 doped for 2 hours with saturated toluene vapor.
- TMOS tetramethoxysilane
- MeTMOS methyltrimethoxysilane
- PhTMOS phenyltrimethoxysilane
- APTES 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane
- the synthesis was carried out without adding an acid or basic catalyst.
- the soil prepared from the reagents is poured either into individual parallelepiped molds (spectrophotometric polypropylene cuvettes of dimensions 40 * 10 * 4 mm) or into molds comprising parallelepiped wells (dimensions of 16 * 10 * 4 mm).
- the mold is placed in a desiccator serving as a drying chamber provided with an inlet and an outlet for a drying gas flow sweep.
- the interior of the drying cabinet also has a humidity indicator.
- a specific drying protocol is applied. Depending on the drying protocols, it is possible to vary the distribution of pore sizes of materials from the same initial formulation.
- Procedure for 30 mL of soil 11.7 mL of TMOS and 12.7 mL of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 2 minutes. 5.7 mL of deionized water is added to the mixture. The mixture is then stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into polypropylene molds which are hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane. In Example 1, the polypropylene molds are individual spectrophotometric cells of dimensions 40 * 10 * 4 (mm).
- Drying protocol The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure (desiccator) as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified. The aluminum membrane is then replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of dry argon at 300 ml / min at room temperature.
- the humidity indicator indicates a relative humidity (RH) of 5% in the drying cabinet, the drying is stopped.
- the total drying time is 8 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 2 The same reagents, the same mode of synthesis and the same molds as for Example 1 are used here. Only the drying mode differs.
- Drying protocol The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 mL / min of wet argon at room temperature and at an RH of 80%.
- the humidity indicator indicates a relative humidity of 80% in the enclosure
- the humidity of the flow is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 15 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 3 the polypropylene mold is a multi-well plate, each well being a parallelepiped of dimensions 4 * 10 * 16 mm.
- the drying temperature differs from Example 1.
- Procedure for 145 mL of soil 56.4 mL of TMOS and 61.3 mL of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 2 minutes. 27.3 mL of deionized water is added to the mixture. The mixture is then stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into the multi-well mold which is hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure for monitoring the drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 mL / min of dry argon at a temperature of 40 ° C. Drying is stopped when a RH of 5% is reached in the enclosure. The total drying time is 7 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 mL / min of wet argon at a temperature of 40 ° C and an RH of 80%.
- the humidity indicator indicates a relative humidity of 80% in the enclosure
- the humidity of the flow is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 14 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 5 The porosity properties of Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined with the establishment of N 2 adsorption isotherms at the temperature of liquid N 2 .
- the specific adsorption surfaces were deduced from a cylindrical pore model with the density functional theory (DFT). Table 1 combines these data and the pore size distributions of the materials of Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are shown in Figure 1.
- Example 5 The porosity properties of Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined with the establishment of N 2 adsorption isotherms at the temperature of liquid N 2 .
- the specific adsorption surfaces were deduced from a cylindrical pore model with the density functional theory (DFT). Table 1 combines these data and the pore size distributions of the materials of Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are shown in Figure 1.
- Example 5 Example 5
- TMOS / MeTMOS / MeOH / H 2 0 0.90 / 0.10 / 4.02 / 4.06 in molar proportion.
- Procedure for 30 mL of soil 10.5 mL of TMOS, 1.1 mL of MeTMOS and 12.7 mL of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 2 minutes. 5.7 mL of deionized water is added to the mixture. The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature in the tightly closed flask. The solution is then poured into a polypropylene mold which is hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane. In Example 5, the polypropylene molds are individual spectrophotometric cells of dimensions 40 * 10 * 4 (mm).
- Drying protocol The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of dry argon at 300 mL / min at room temperature.
- the humidity indicator indicates a relative humidity (RH) of 5%
- drying is stopped.
- the total drying time is 8 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 6 the mold is a multi-well plate, each well being a parallelepiped of dimensions 4 * 10 * 16 mm.
- the drying temperature differs from Example 5.
- Formulation: TMOS / MeTMOS / MeOH / H 2 0 0.90 / 0.10 / 4.01 / 4.03 in molar proportion.
- Procedure for 145 mL of soil 50.8 mL of TMOS, 5.4 mL of MeTMOS and 61.4 mL of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 2 minutes. 27.4 mL of deionized water are added to the mixture The mixture is then stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into the multi-well mold which is hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 mL / min of wet argon heated to 40 ° C.
- the humidity indicator in the drying cabinet indicates a relative humidity of 80%
- the humidity of the stream is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry air flow is applied until a relative humidity of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 12 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Examples 5 and 6 were determined with the establishment of N 2 adsorption isotherms at the temperature of liquid N 2 .
- the specific adsorption surfaces were deduced from a cylindrical pore model with the density functional theory (DFT).
- Table 1 combines these data and the pore size distributions of the materials of Examples 5 and 6 are shown in Figure 2.
- TMOS Tetramethoxysilane
- APTES 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
- Procedure for 30 mL of soil 10.4 mL of TMOS, 0.2 mL of APTES and 14.3 mL of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 5 minutes. The mixture is cooled in a bath containing ethanol and liquid nitrogen to -25 ° C before adding water. 5.1 mL of deionized water are added to the mixture which is then stirred for 2 minutes in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into polypropylene molds which are hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane. In Example 7, the polypropylene molds are individual spectrophotometric cells of dimensions 40 * 10 * 4 (mm). Drying protocol: The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying.
- the drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of dry argon at 300 mL / min at room temperature.
- the humidity indicator indicates a relative humidity (RH) of 5% in the enclosure, drying is stopped.
- the total drying time is 7 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 7 The same reagents, the same synthesis mode and the same molds as for Example 7 are used here. Only the volume (50 mL) and the drying mode differ.
- Drying protocol The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying.
- the drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of wet argon at 300 mL / min at room temperature.
- the humidity indicator indicates a relative humidity of 80% in the enclosure
- the humidity of the flow is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 35 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 9 The same reagents and the same mode of synthesis as for Example 7 are used here.
- the mold is a multi-well plate, each well being a parallelepiped of dimensions 4 * 10 * 16 mm.
- the drying temperature differs from Example 7.
- TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H 2 0 0.99 / 0.01 / 5.01 / 4.02 in molar proportion.
- Procedure for 145 mL of soil 50.3 mL of TMOS, 0.80 mL of APTES and 69.2 mL of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 2 minutes. The mixture is cooled in a bath containing ethanol and liquid nitrogen to -25 ° C before adding water. 24.7 mL of deionized water are added to the mixture which is then stirred for 2 minutes in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into the multi-well mold which is hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 mL / min of dry argon heated to 40 ° C.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 5%
- drying is stopped.
- the total drying time is 6 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 mL / min of wet argon heated to 40 ° C and to an RH of 80%.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 80%
- the humidity of the flow is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 14 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- the porosity properties of Examples 7, 8, 9 and 10 were determined with the establishment of N 2 adsorption isotherms at the temperature of liquid N 2 .
- the specific adsorption surfaces were deduced from a cylindrical pore model with the density functional theory (DFT). Table 1 combines these data and the pore size distributions of the materials of Examples 7, 8, 9 and 10 are shown in Figure 3.
- Procedure for 30 ml of soil 10.2 ml of TMOS, 0.50 ml of APTES and 14.3 ml of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 5 minutes. The mixture is cooled to -30 ° C (ethanol and liquid nitrogen bath) before adding water. 5.1 mL of deionized water is added to the mixture. The mixture is then stirred for 2 minutes in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into polypropylene molds which are hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane. In Example 11, the polypropylene molds are individual spectrophotometric cells of dimensions 40 * 10 * 4 (mm).
- Drying protocol The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying.
- the drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of dry argon at 300 mL / min at room temperature.
- the humidity indicator indicates a relative humidity (RH) of 5%
- drying is stopped.
- the total drying time is 16 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H 2 0 0.97 / 0.03 / 5.00 / 4.01 in molar proportion.
- Drying protocol The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying.
- the drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 ml / min of wet argon at room temperature and at an 80% RH.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 80%
- the humidity of the stream is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 21 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 13 the mold is a multi-well plate, each well being a parallelepiped of dimensions 4 * 10 * 16 mm.
- the mold is hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane.
- the drying temperature differs from Example 11.
- TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H 2 0 formulation 0.97 / 0.03 / 5.01 / 4.02 in molar proportion.
- Procedure for 145 mL of soil 49.1 mL of TMOS, 2.39 mL of APTES, 68.9 mL of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 2 minutes. The mixture is cooled in a bath containing ethanol and liquid nitrogen to -30 ° C before the addition of water. 24.6 mL of deionized water are added to the mixture which is then stirred for 2 minutes in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into the multi-well mold which is hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 ml / min of dry argon heated to 40 ° C.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 5%
- drying is stopped.
- the total duration drying time is 7 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 13 The same reagents, the same synthesis method and the same mold as for Example 13 are used here.
- the drying temperature differs from Example 13.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 mL / min of wet argon at 40 ° C and at 80% RH.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 80%
- the humidity of the stream is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 10 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Examples 11, 12, 13 and 14 were determined with the establishment of N 2 adsorption isotherms at the temperature of liquid N 2 .
- the specific adsorption surfaces were deduced from a cylindrical pore model with the density functional theory (DFT).
- Table 1 combines these data and the pore size distributions of the materials of Examples 11, 12, 13 and 14 are shown in Figure 4.
- TMOS Tetramethoxysilane
- APTES 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
- TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H 2 0 0.80 / 0.20 / 5.02 / 4.00 in molar proportion.
- Example 15 the polypropylene molds are individual spectrophotometric cells of dimensions 40 * 10 * 4 (mm).
- Drying protocol The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying.
- the drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 ml / min of wet argon at room temperature and at an 80% RH.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 80%
- the humidity of the stream is lowered to 50%. Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 34 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Example 16 The same reagents and the same mode of synthesis as for Example 15 are used here.
- the mold is a multi-well plate, each well being a parallelepiped of dimensions 4 * 10 * 16 mm.
- the drying temperature differs from Example 15.
- TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H 2 0 formulation 0.80 / 0.20 / 5.02 / 4.03 in molar proportion.
- Procedure for 145 mL of soil 39.2 mL of TMOS, 15.4 mL of APTES, 66.7 mL of methanol are poured into a flask, followed by mixing with magnetic stirring for 2 minutes. The mixture is cooled in a bath containing ethanol and liquid nitrogen to -40 ° C before the addition of water. 23.8 mL of deionized water are added to the mixture which is then stirred for 2 minutes in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into the multi-well mold which is hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane. Drying protocol: The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified. The aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 m L / min of dry argon heated to 40 ° C.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 5%
- drying is stopped.
- the total drying time is 7 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (1 month to a year).
- TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H 2 0 formulation 0.80 / 0.20 / 5.02 / 4.03 in molar proportion.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the chamber is swept with a flow of 300 ml 7 min of wet argon at 40 ° C and at an 80% RH.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 80%
- the humidity of the stream is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 9 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Examples 15, 16 and 17 were determined with the establishment of N 2 adsorption isotherms at the temperature of liquid N 2 .
- the specific adsorption surfaces were deduced from a cylindrical pore model with the density functional theory (DFT).
- Table 1 combines these data and the pore size distributions of the materials of Examples 15, 16 and 17 are shown in Figure 5.
- TMOS Tetramethoxysilane
- CAS 681-84-5
- Phenyltrimethoxysilane PhTMOS, CAS
- Procedure for 30 mL of soil 8.0 mL of TMOS, 1.1 mL of PhTMOS, 14.5 mL of methanol are poured into a flask. The mixture is heated in a 60 ° C water bath. The mixture is placed for 2 minutes with magnetic stirring and then 6.4 ml of deionized water are added to it. The mixture is then stirred for 3 minutes in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into polypropylene molds which are hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane. In Example 18, the polypropylene molds are individual spectrophotometric cells of dimensions 40 * 10 * 4 (mm).
- Drying protocol The tanks are placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying.
- the drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 ml / min of wet argon at room temperature and at an 80% RH.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 80%
- the humidity of the stream is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 13 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Procedure for 145 mL of soil 38.5 mL of TMOS, 5.4 mL of PhTMOS, 69.9 mL of methanol are poured into a flask. The mixture is heated in a water bath at 60 ° C. The mixture is put 2 minutes under magnetic stirring then 31.2 mL of deionized water are added. The mixture is then stirred for 3 minutes in the tightly closed flask. The solution is poured into the multi-well mold which is hermetically covered with an aluminum membrane.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 m L / min of dry argon heated to 40 ° C.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 5%
- drying is stopped.
- the total drying time is 6 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Drying protocol The multi-well mold is placed in a closed glass enclosure as described above and heated to 40 ° C. A humidity indicator is placed in the enclosure to monitor drying. The drying protocol starts when the soil has gelified.
- the aluminum membrane is replaced by a porous membrane (AB-0718, Adhesive gas permeable seals, Thermo Scientific).
- the enclosure is swept with a flow of 300 ml 7m in of wet argon at 40 ° C and at an 80% RH.
- the humidity indicator in the enclosure indicates a relative humidity of 80%
- the humidity of the stream is lowered to 50%.
- Drying is continued with a next level at 30% humidity, from which a dry flux is applied until an RH of 5% is obtained in the enclosure.
- the total drying time is 13 days.
- the dry parallelepiped monoliths are individually wrapped in airtight sachets and stored (between 1 month and 1 year) until used.
- Examples 18, 19 and 20 were determined with the establishment of N 2 adsorption isotherms at the temperature of liquid N 2 .
- the specific adsorption surface was deduced from a cylindrical pore model with the theory of density functionals (DFT).
- Table 1 combines these data and the pore size distributions of the materials of Examples 18, 19 and 20 are shown in Figure 6.
- VOCs volatile organic compounds
- Toluene or naphthalene doping In each case, the doping of the material was carried out by gas with the saturated vapor of the pollutant above the pure liquid (case of toluene) or the solid (case of naphthalene).
- Doping for 25 h The materials of Examples 2, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 were doped for 25 h with saturating vapor of toluene and the material of Example 7 was doped for 25 h under a saturated vapor atmosphere solid naphthalene.
- Doping for 2 h The materials of Example 4 were doped for 2 h with saturated vapor of toluene and the materials of Examples 2, 3 and 7 were doped for 2 h with saturated vapor of naphthalene.
- the doped Example 2 material was placed in a closed glass enclosure of 170 ml volume comprising a spectrophotometric quartz tank.
- the spectrophotometer is located in an air-conditioned room at 20 ° C.
- the release rate was obtained by measuring the absorbance of the released gaseous pollutant as a function of the release time. In this case, the release is stopped when the concentration equilibrium between the pollutant in the gas phase and in the material is reached.
- FIG. 7A shows for the material of Example 2 the measurements of the absorbance between 200 nm and 300 nm of the toluene released for different durations of release. It is found that the absorbance at 203.9 nm and therefore the concentration of toluene in the atmosphere increases over time while leveling off when the concentration equilibrium between toluene in the gas phase and in the material is reached.
- the release of toluene in static mode was determined for materials 2, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 doped 25h with toluene (see Figure 8). These various materials have different pore sizes and are characterized by their% of micropores (diameter ⁇ 20 ⁇ ). The% of micropores is obtained by calculating the ratio between the specific surface of adsorption by the pores of size less than or equal to 20 ⁇ (micropores) and the total specific surface of adsorption of the material (see table 1). The specific surfaces were deduced from the isothermal adsorption of N 2 at the temperature of liquid N 2 (BET method) with cylindrical pore models with the density functional theory (DFT method). Figure 8 collates the results of these tests in graphical form.
- the left scale corresponds to a arbitraire.h unit 1, the right scale for conversion into pprah 1.
- Each point corresponds to the release speed determined as described above with respect to the measurements presented in Figure 7B.
- Example 7 The material of Example 7 was doped for 25 hours under a saturated atmosphere of solid naphthalene vapor.
- the release in static mode of naphthalene, the size of which is approximately twice as large as that of toluene, from a matrix of Example 7 is shown in Figure 9, with the evolution of the absorbance naphthalene gas as a function of time.
- the left scale corresponds to an arbitrary unit.h 1 , the right scale to conversion to ppm.h.
- Example 4 doped for 2 h with saturated toluene vapor is placed under an FLEC (Field Laboratory Emission Cell) emission test cell with an internal diameter of 15 cm and a volume of 35 mL.
- the standardized measurement method (ISO Standard 16000-10, 2006) is based on a dynamic scanning of the surface of the doped material with a flow of humid air (HR 50 ⁇ 3%) and a scanning speed of the air at the material surface between 0.003 to 0.3 ras 1 .
- HR 50 ⁇ 3 flow of humid air
- a scanning speed of the air at the material surface between 0.003 to 0.3 ras 1 .
- the assembly is installed in a climatic chamber.
- the output of the FLEC cell is connected to an automatic gas chromatography (GC) analyzer which is equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID - Flame Ionization Detector).
- GC gas chromatography
- FID - Flame Ionization Detector flame ionization detector
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1859266A FR3086938B1 (fr) | 2018-10-05 | 2018-10-05 | Procede de preparation de materiau sol-gel silicate nanoporeux monolithique |
| PCT/FR2019/052357 WO2020070456A1 (fr) | 2018-10-05 | 2019-10-04 | Procédé de préparation de matériau sol-gel silicaté nanoporeux monolithique |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3860949A1 true EP3860949A1 (fr) | 2021-08-11 |
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| EP19801957.2A Pending EP3860949A1 (fr) | 2018-10-05 | 2019-10-04 | Procédé de préparation de matériau sol-gel silicaté nanoporeux monolithique |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11897776B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3860949A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3086938B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020070456A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5076980A (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1991-12-31 | Geltech, Inc. | Method of making sol-gel monoliths |
| US5243769A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1993-09-14 | Yazaki Corporation | Process for rapidly drying a wet, porous gel monolith |
| US6096288A (en) | 1998-10-12 | 2000-08-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Synthesis of the cubic mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-48 |
| FR2933703B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-11 | 2012-08-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Detecteurs nanoporeux de composes aromatiques monocycliques et autres polluants |
-
2018
- 2018-10-05 FR FR1859266A patent/FR3086938B1/fr active Active
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| US11897776B2 (en) | 2024-02-13 |
| FR3086938B1 (fr) | 2021-05-21 |
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| FR3086938A1 (fr) | 2020-04-10 |
| WO2020070456A1 (fr) | 2020-04-09 |
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