EP3859228B1 - Continuous flow heater for hot water preparation - Google Patents
Continuous flow heater for hot water preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3859228B1 EP3859228B1 EP20154818.7A EP20154818A EP3859228B1 EP 3859228 B1 EP3859228 B1 EP 3859228B1 EP 20154818 A EP20154818 A EP 20154818A EP 3859228 B1 EP3859228 B1 EP 3859228B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- throttle element
- water
- electric motor
- control device
- water heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 126
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/144—Measuring or calculating energy consumption
- F24H15/148—Assessing the current energy consumption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/16—Arrangements for water drainage
- F24H9/17—Means for retaining water leaked from heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/12—Preventing or detecting fluid leakage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/124—Preventing or detecting electric faults, e.g. electric leakage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/305—Control of valves
- F24H15/31—Control of valves of valves having only one inlet port and one outlet port, e.g. flow rate regulating valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an instantaneous water heater for hot water preparation.
- Instantaneous water heaters with protective devices by means of which the cold water inlet is automatically shut off if a leak in the pipe system occurs, are well known.
- the protective devices used are generally purely mechanical and ensure a reliable shut-off function when the power is de-energized.
- Such a protective device is, for example, from the document EP 3 018 390 A1 known.
- a pre-stressed closing element is held by a locking bolt until it releases the locking bolt when a float floats up and the closing element automatically moves into a locking position in order to shut off the cold water inlet.
- a protective device with a similar function is also mentioned in the document EP 3 018 427 A1 out.
- the document DE 10 2018 001 314 A1 shows a hot water generator with a control that is set up to detect a leak and to shut off the water flow when a leak is detected using a solenoid valve.
- the flow sensor that is already in the device is used to detect a leak.
- the flow sensor is used to switch on the heating if the size of the volume flow exceeds a predetermined threshold, for example five liters per minute.
- the disadvantage is that the flow sensor and the respective evaluation circuit must be designed, on the one hand, for the detection of relatively large flow quantities to determine the switch-on time of the heating and, on the other hand, for the detection of relatively small flow quantities, in particular flow quantities of less than 0.5 or 0.1 liters per minute.
- detection of leaks is only minimal Extent is only possible after observation over a longer period of time. For example, it is necessary to monitor the flow or volume flow for an hour while the water heater is not in tapping mode. If a low volume flow is detected during this observation period despite no water extraction, this is considered an indication of a leak.
- leaks are only detected with a long time delay or, if the amount of leakage falls below the sensitivity threshold of the flow sensor, they are not registered at all. In this way, leaks that occur during tapping operation cannot be detected and recorded at all. In addition, it is not possible to distinguish whether it is a leak or a water withdrawal as part of a regular tapping operation with only a low water volume flow.
- Another disadvantage of the known water heater is that the solenoid valve used can only be switched between an open position and a closed position.
- the sole purpose of the solenoid valve used is to shut off the water supply to the hot water generator in the event of an error and/or leak.
- the water flow rate when the solenoid valve is open is therefore determined exclusively by the existing water pressure in the water inlet and the flow resistance induced by the geometry of the flow path. However, it is not possible to set the maximum flow rate.
- the task is solved by the aforementioned instantaneous water heater for hot water preparation, comprising a channel arrangement with a water inlet, which is set up for connection to a water supplying water pipe and with a water outlet, which is set up for connection to a water discharging water pipe, one for heating through the channel arrangement is set up in the direction of flow of water flowing electric heating device, an electronic control device designed to control the heating output of the heating device and a motor valve arranged in the water inlet and set up to limit the water flow rate, which can be controlled by the control device, i.e a motor-driven valve, wherein the motor valve comprises a valve body forming a flow path, an electric motor and a throttle element which is position-adjustable by means of the electric motor between an open position and a closed position and is set up to adjust the volume flow, and wherein the motor valve is designed such that the position adjustment of the throttle element in The direction of the closed position corresponds to the flow direction of the water.
- the instantaneous water heater according to the invention offers a number of advantages.
- By means of the motor valve according to the invention it is possible to both regulate the water flow rate and completely shut off the inflow of water. In this way, the possibility of both volume flow regulation and water inlet blocking if necessary is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner with just one hydraulic component.
- the engine valve according to the invention thus fulfills a dual function.
- By means of the control device it is possible to bring the throttle element into a desired position so that the maximum flow rate is limited to a predetermined upper value.
- the instantaneous water heater can be adapted to various installation situations with regard to hydraulic and/or electrical connection conditions via the control device.
- An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a sealing seat is arranged in the flow path and the throttle element is arranged on the water inlet side with respect to the sealing seat. Due to the arrangement of the throttle element on the water inlet side, the water flowing in the flow direction acts on the throttle element in the direction of the closed position. This force acting in the direction of the closed position additionally supports the position adjustment of the throttle element in the direction of the closed position.
- the closing process is additionally supported by the water pressure and thus accelerated.
- a preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the throttle element is designed to be linearly position-adjustable. In this way, the maximum flow rate of water can be variably adjusted in fine stages.
- the electric motor comprises a spindle drive, by means of which the throttle element can be linearly adjusted in position.
- the spindle drive offers the advantage that it is self-locking. Once the position of the throttle element has been set using the electric motor, it is always maintained unchanged due to the aforementioned self-locking, even if the electric motor's supply voltage is not present. In order to maintain the respective position of the throttle element, no provision of electrical energy is required.
- a further expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the electric motor is designed as a stepper motor.
- the design of the electric motor as a stepper motor offers the advantage that the position adjustment of the throttle element is particularly simple and inexpensive, in particular without additional detection of the angular position of the motor axis.
- a servo motor can also be used instead of the stepper motor, the respective angular position of which is detected via an angular position sensor and adjusted accordingly.
- the throttle element is conical.
- the conical geometry of the throttle body allows the maximum flow rate to be regulated as finely as possible.
- the throttle element is designed to taper in the flow direction of the water. More preferably, the throttle element is designed to taper linearly in the flow direction of the water. In this way, the throttle element is designed in the shape of a cone or truncated cone.
- a preferred development of the invention is characterized in that a sealant is arranged all around the throttle element, the sealant being designed to come into sealing contact with the sealing seat in the closed position.
- the sealant arranged all around the throttle element offers the advantage of completely shutting off the water flow in the closed position.
- the sealant offers the advantage that in the closed position the acting water pressure presses the sealant against the seal seat and thus automatically ensures a higher pressure of the sealant against the seal seat as the water pressure increases. This achieves a particularly reliable sealing effect.
- the instantaneous water heater further comprises at least one trough-like receiving area set up to receive leakage and/or condensation water with a sensor means for detecting a water accumulation in the receiving area, the control device being designed in the case of a water accumulation detected by means of the sensor means to control the engine valve in such a way that the throttle element is moved into the closed position.
- the trough-like receiving area offers the advantage that even small accumulations of water can be detected and the occurrence of even the smallest amounts of leakage and/or condensation water can be determined.
- the invention is further characterized in that the control device has an undervoltage detection device which is set up to detect an undervoltage or the failure of one or more phases of the mains voltage as an undervoltage event and, in the case of a detected undervoltage event, to control the motor valve in such a way that the throttle element is in the closed position is moved.
- the undervoltage detection device of the control device offers the advantage that not only is the water inlet shut off in the event of hydraulic leaks or errors, but the water inlet is also locked hydraulically in the event of a mains voltage failure or when undervoltage events occur. In this way, whenever the instantaneous water heater according to the invention is exposed to an electrical supply environment that could lead to malfunctions in the control electronics or control device, the water inlet to the device is shut off. The escape of leakage water is therefore practically impossible in such situations.
- the control device comprises at least one electrical energy storage device, which is set up to provide at least the amount of electrical energy that is required to move the throttle element from the open position to the closed position by means of the electric motor.
- the electrical energy storage ensures that the throttle element is moved safely from any position into the closed position by means of the electric motor, even if the mains voltage supply is no longer guaranteed.
- the electrical energy storage is designed as a buffer that provides the electrical energy required to operate the electric motor for the duration of the closing process of the throttle element.
- a further expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the control device is designed, in the event of a detected undervoltage event, to obtain its supply voltage from the electrical energy storage at least for the duration of the movement of the throttle element from the open position to the closed position.
- the size of the electrical energy storage is designed such that the electrical energy stored therein is at least sufficient to guarantee that the throttle element is moved safely into the closed position.
- the furthest distance to be covered by the throttle element is that from the open position to the closed position, so that it is advantageous for the energy storage device to be designed in such a way that sufficient electrical energy is available for adjusting the throttle element from the open position to the closed position.
- the capacity of the electrical energy storage is designed such that, in addition to the amount of electrical energy mentioned, a safety margin is provided in order to ensure that there is sufficient energy reserve in any case in the event of increased current consumption, for example due to pressure and/or flow conditions or increased mechanical resistance in order to always move the throttle element to the closed position.
- the invention is further characterized in that the valve body comprises a counter-position element set up to mechanically limit the travel of the throttle element in the open position, and in that the control device is further designed to detect the current consumption of the electric motor and to control the electric motor and the throttle element following a previous undervoltage event to move into the open position, the open position being reached by means of the control device when a predetermined value is exceeded first reference value of the recorded current consumption of the electric motor is determined.
- the mechanical travel limitation of the throttle element in the open position offers a mechanically robust and at the same time cost-effective solution to ensure that the throttle element is in the open position.
- the open position can be used as a reference position, which, after starting once, serves as a reference point for further position adjustment of the throttle element. Additional sensors for determining the position of the throttle element are therefore not required.
- control device is designed to determine when the closed position has been reached by comparing the current consumption of the electric motor with a predetermined second reference value.
- the detection of reaching the closed position is carried out by measuring the current consumption of the electric motor and comparing it with a second reference value.
- a travel limitation in the closed position is carried out by the seal seat, so that here too the position of the throttle element in the closed position is determined via a significant increase in the motor current consumption.
- control device is further designed to control the electric motor following a previous undervoltage event and to move the throttle element into a position in which the throttle element comes into mechanical limiting contact with the counter-position element.
- Instantaneous water heaters for hot water preparation in particular electrically operated bare wire instantaneous water heaters, regularly include the components and/or components described below but not shown in the drawing.
- Such instantaneous water heaters have a channel arrangement with a water inlet and a water outlet.
- the water inlet is set up to be connected to a water supplying water pipe, while the water outlet is set up to be connected to a water draining water pipe.
- an electrical heating device for example in the form of heating coils, which are arranged in heating channels of the heating channel arrangement and are surrounded by the water to be heated.
- Such instantaneous water heaters comprise a correspondingly set up electronic control device.
- the motor valve 10 shown in the drawing which is set up to limit the water flow rate and can be controlled by means of a control device, is arranged in the water inlet.
- the engine valve 10 has a valve body 11 which forms a flow path 12 for the water.
- the motor valve 10 further comprises an electric motor 13 and a throttle element 14, the throttle element 14 being set up to be positionally adjustable to adjust the volume flow and being movable between an open position and a closed position by means of the electric motor 13.
- Fig. 2 The open position is shown as an example.
- the motor valve 10 is designed such that the position adjustment of the throttle element 14 takes place in the direction of the closed position with the flow direction 15. In other words, the adjustment of the position of the throttle element 14 in the direction of the closed position takes place in the flow direction 15 of the water, while the position of the throttle element 14 is adjusted into the open position against the flow direction 15 of the water.
- a seal seat 16 is arranged in the flow path 12.
- the throttle element 14 is arranged on the water inlet side with respect to the sealing seat 16. Due to this arrangement of the sealing seat 16 and the throttle element 14, the throttle element 14 is pressed in the direction of the sealing seat 16 when water flows in the flow direction 15 of the water. In this way, the position adjustment of the throttle element 14 in the direction of the closed position is supported by the water flow. The adjustment power to be applied by means of the electric motor 13 is therefore lower when the throttle element 14 moves in the direction of the closed position than when the position is adjusted in the opposite direction.
- the throttle element 14 is additionally pressed against the sealing seat 16 in the closed position due to the water pressure.
- the throttle element 14, together with the sealing seat 16, is designed to be self-sealing in the closed position when pressure is applied.
- the throttle element 14 is preferably designed to be linearly position-adjustable.
- the throttle element 14 is in this way in the adjustment directions 17, as in Fig. 2 shown, set up to be changeable in position.
- the flow rate results from the gap existing between the throttle element 14 and the sealing seat 16, the opening width of which varies depending on the respective position of the throttle element 14 relative to the sealing seat 16.
- the flow rate is determined by the respective geometry of the throttle element 14 and seal seat 16.
- the electric motor 13 includes a spindle drive - not shown in the drawing.
- the spindle drive offers the advantage that it is self-locking. Forces acting on the throttle element 14 due to the water flow do not lead to an unwanted adjustment of the position of the throttle element 14.
- a further advantage is that in order to maintain the position of the throttle element 14 by the electric motor 13, no torque has to be exerted on the spindle drive, the position of the Throttle element 14 is held by the electric motor 13 even without receiving electrical power.
- the electric motor 13 is preferably designed as a stepper motor. Alternatively, it is possible to design the electric motor 13 as a servo motor, so that the respective angular position of the drive is monitored and, if necessary, adjusted.
- the use of a stepper motor offers the advantage that each angular step is assigned exactly to a section of path extending in the respective adjustment directions 17 of the throttle element 14. In this way, it is possible to precisely adjust the position of the throttle element 14 linearly using a predetermined number of steps.
- the throttle element 14 is preferably conical.
- a gap 19 is formed between the conical lateral surface 18 of the throttle element 14 and the sealing seat 16, which forms a passage opening with an adjustable cross section for the water flow depending on the respective position of the throttle element 14.
- the throttle element 14 is advantageously designed to taper in the flow direction 15 of the water.
- a sealant 20 is preferably arranged all around the throttle element 14.
- the sealant 20 is preferably designed as an O-ring.
- the sealant 20 is set up to come into sealing contact with the sealing seat 16 in the closed position.
- the sealant 20 thus causes the watercourse to be completely blocked off in the closed position.
- the motor valve 10 is therefore set up to completely interrupt the water flow in the closed position.
- the sealant 20 - as in the Fig. 2 shown - is arranged completely outside the conical surface 18. In this way, the sealant 20 forms a mechanical stop in that it only comes into contact with the sealing seat 16 in the closed position. This requires that the sealing seat 16 has a correspondingly large clear width in order to accommodate the conical surface 18 in the closed position without contact.
- the instantaneous water heater according to the invention further comprises a trough-like receiving area - not shown in the drawing - which is set up to receive leakage and/or condensation water.
- the recording area includes at least one sensor means for detecting an accumulation of water therein.
- the sensor means is in connection with the control device, which is designed to control the engine valve 10 in the event of a water accumulation detected by means of the sensor means in such a way that the throttle element 14 is moved into the closed position.
- a sensor means For example, a float switch or an electrode arrangement can be used to measure conductivity.
- the throttle element 14 of the motor valve 10 is moved into the closed position by means of the control device set up for this purpose and further inflow of water into the device is prevented.
- control device further comprises an undervoltage detection device which is designed to detect an undervoltage of the mains voltage or the failure of one or more phases of the mains voltage as an undervoltage event.
- control device is designed to control the motor valve 10 in the event of a detected undervoltage event in such a way that the throttle element 14 is moved into the closed position. In this way, water is prevented from flowing into the device not only in the event of a leak, but also in the event of possible disruptions in the operation of the instantaneous water heater due to disruptions in the mains voltage.
- control device comprises at least one electrical energy storage device, which is set up to provide at least the amount of electrical energy that is required to move the throttle element 14 from the open position to the closed position by means of the electric motor 13.
- electrical energy storage devices for example, electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors or accumulators are used as electrical energy storage devices. The dimensioning is carried out depending on the energy requirement of the electric motor 13 and the maximum time required to move the throttle element 14 from the open position to the closed position.
- the valve body 11 advantageously comprises a counter-position element 21.
- the counter-position element 21 is set up and designed to mechanically limit the travel of the throttle element 14 in the open position. When the open position is reached, the part of the throttle element 14 facing the counter-position element 21 comes into mechanical contact with it and thus defines the end position of the throttle element 14 in the open position.
- the control device is further designed to detect the current consumption of the electric motor 13 and, following a previous undervoltage event, to control the electric motor 13 in such a way that the throttle element 14 is moved into the open position.
- the control device is designed to determine whether the open position has been reached by detecting that the detected current consumption of the electric motor 13 has been exceeded.
- the current consumption of the electric motor 13 increases significantly when the open position is reached and can therefore be used as a criterion for reaching the same position. It is thus possible to move the throttle element 14 into the same, well-defined position in the open position, which is used as a reference position for any subsequent position adjustment of the throttle element 14.
- a stepper motor as an electric motor 13 it is particularly easy to set the respective adjustment position of the throttle element 14 exactly based on the number of steps alone.
- control device is designed to determine whether the closed position has been reached by comparing the current consumption of the electric motor 13 with a predetermined second reference value.
- the throttle element 14 is limited mechanically in the closed position by the sealing seat 16, which preferably comes into contact with the sealant 20. This mechanical travel limitation increases the force or torque required for position adjustment, which leads to a significant increase in the current consumption of the electric motor 13.
- control device is further designed to control the electric motor 13 following a previous undervoltage event in such a way that the throttle element 14 is moved into a position in which it comes into mechanical limiting contact with the counter-position element 21.
- the throttle element 14 is first moved into a defined, previously known position, in this case into a defined position of the open position. Once this known position has been approached, various positions between the open and closed positions can then be precisely approached.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Durchlauferhitzer zur Warmwasserbereitung.The present invention relates to an instantaneous water heater for hot water preparation.
Durchlauferhitzer mit Schutzeinrichtungen, mittels derer der Kaltwasserzulauf beim Auftreten einer Leckage des Leitungssystems selbsttätig abgesperrt wird, sind hinlänglich bekannt. Die dabei zum Einsatz kommenden Schutzeinrichtungen sind in der Regel rein mechanisch aufgebaut und gewährleisten auf im stromlosen Zustand eine zuverlässige Absperrfunktion.Instantaneous water heaters with protective devices, by means of which the cold water inlet is automatically shut off if a leak in the pipe system occurs, are well known. The protective devices used are generally purely mechanical and ensure a reliable shut-off function when the power is de-energized.
Eine solche Schutzeinrichtung ist beispielsweise aus dem Dokument
Das Dokument
Die Dokumente
Nachteilig ist, dass der Durchflusssensor und die jeweilige Auswerteschaltung einerseits für die Erfassung relativ großer Durchflussmengen zur Bestimmung des Einschaltzeitpunkts der Heizung und andererseits zur Erfassung relativ kleiner Durchflussmengen, insbesondere von Durchflussmengen kleiner 0,5 oder 0,1 Liter pro Minute, ausgelegt sein müssen. Zudem ist eine Erkennung von Leckagen nur geringen Ausmaßes erst nach Beobachtung über einen längeren Zeitraum möglich. So ist es beispielsweise erforderlich, eine Stunde lang den Durchfluss oder Volumenstrom zu überwachen, während sich der Durchlauferhitzer nicht im Zapfbetrieb befindet. Wird in diesem Beobachtungszeitraum trotz nicht erfolgter Wasserentnahme ein geringer Volumenstrom festgestellt, so wird dies als Indiz für eine Leckage gewertet. Leckagen werden auf diese Weise nur mit großer Zeitverzögerung erkannt bzw., wenn die Leckagemenge die Empfindlichkeitsschwelle des Durchflusssensors unterschreitet, überhaupt nicht registriert. Während des Zapfbetriebs auftretende Leckagen können auf diese Weise überhaupt nicht detektiert und erfasst werden. Zudem ist es nicht möglich, zu unterscheiden, ob es sich um eine Leckage oder um eine Wasserentnahme im Rahmen eines regulären Zapfbetriebs mit nur geringem Wasser-Volumenstrom handelt.The disadvantage is that the flow sensor and the respective evaluation circuit must be designed, on the one hand, for the detection of relatively large flow quantities to determine the switch-on time of the heating and, on the other hand, for the detection of relatively small flow quantities, in particular flow quantities of less than 0.5 or 0.1 liters per minute. In addition, detection of leaks is only minimal Extent is only possible after observation over a longer period of time. For example, it is necessary to monitor the flow or volume flow for an hour while the water heater is not in tapping mode. If a low volume flow is detected during this observation period despite no water extraction, this is considered an indication of a leak. In this way, leaks are only detected with a long time delay or, if the amount of leakage falls below the sensitivity threshold of the flow sensor, they are not registered at all. In this way, leaks that occur during tapping operation cannot be detected and recorded at all. In addition, it is not possible to distinguish whether it is a leak or a water withdrawal as part of a regular tapping operation with only a low water volume flow.
Ein weiterer Nachteil des bekannten Wassererwärmers besteht darin, dass das eingesetzte Magnetventil ausschließlich zwischen einer Offenstellung und einer Schließstellung umschaltbar ist. Das eingesetzte Magnetventil dient ausschließlich dazu, im Fehler- und/oder Leckagefall die Wasserzufuhr zum Warmwassererzeuger abzusperren. Die Wasserdurchflussmenge im geöffneten Zustand des Magnetventils bestimmt sich daher ausschließlich über den vorhandenen Wasserdruck im Wasserzulauf sowie dem durch die Geometrie des Strömungswegs induzierten Strömungswiderstand. Eine Einstellung der maximalen Durchflussmenge ist hingegen nicht möglich.Another disadvantage of the known water heater is that the solenoid valve used can only be switched between an open position and a closed position. The sole purpose of the solenoid valve used is to shut off the water supply to the hot water generator in the event of an error and/or leak. The water flow rate when the solenoid valve is open is therefore determined exclusively by the existing water pressure in the water inlet and the flow resistance induced by the geometry of the flow path. However, it is not possible to set the maximum flow rate.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Durchlauferhitzer der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, der mit möglichst wenigen hydraulischen Komponenten sowohl eine Regulierung der Wasserdurchflussmenge als auch ein vollständiges Absperren des Wasserzulaufs erlaubt.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an instantaneous water heater of the type mentioned at the outset, which allows both the water flow rate to be regulated and the water inlet to be completely shut off with as few hydraulic components as possible.
Die Aufgabe wird durch den eingangs genannten Durchlauferhitzer zur Warmwasserbereitung gelöst, umfassend eine Kanalanordnung mit einem Wasserzulauf, der zum Anschluss an eine Wasser zuführende Wasserleitung eingerichtet ist und mit einem Wasserablauf, der zum Anschluss an eine Wasser abführende Wasserleitung eingerichtet ist, eine zum Erwärmen von durch die Kanalanordnung in Durchflussrichtung fließendem Wasser eingerichtete elektrische Heizeinrichtung, eine zum Steuern der Heizleistung der Heizeinrichtung ausgebildete elektronische Steuereinrichtung sowie ein in dem Wasserzulauf angeordnetes und zur Begrenzung der Wasserdurchflussmenge eingerichtetes, mittels der Steuereinrichtung ansteuerbares Motorventil, also einem motorgetriebenen Ventil, wobei das Motorventil einen einen Strömungsweg bildenden Ventilkörper, einen Elektromotor und ein mittels des Elektromotors zwischen einer Offenstellung und einer Schließstellung positionsverstellbares und zur Einstellung des Volumenstroms eingerichtetes Drosselorgan umfasst, und wobei das Motorventil derart ausgebildet ist, dass die Positionsverstellung des Drosselorgans in Richtung der Schließstellung mit der Durchflussrichtung des Wassers erfolgt.The task is solved by the aforementioned instantaneous water heater for hot water preparation, comprising a channel arrangement with a water inlet, which is set up for connection to a water supplying water pipe and with a water outlet, which is set up for connection to a water discharging water pipe, one for heating through the channel arrangement is set up in the direction of flow of water flowing electric heating device, an electronic control device designed to control the heating output of the heating device and a motor valve arranged in the water inlet and set up to limit the water flow rate, which can be controlled by the control device, i.e a motor-driven valve, wherein the motor valve comprises a valve body forming a flow path, an electric motor and a throttle element which is position-adjustable by means of the electric motor between an open position and a closed position and is set up to adjust the volume flow, and wherein the motor valve is designed such that the position adjustment of the throttle element in The direction of the closed position corresponds to the flow direction of the water.
Der erfindungsgemäße Durchlauferhitzer bietet gleich eine Reihe von Vorteilen. Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Motorventils ist es möglich, sowohl die Wasserdurchflussmenge zu regulieren als auch den Zulauf von Wasser vollständig abzusperren. So wird auf überraschend einfache Weise mit nur einem hydraulischen Bauelement sowohl die Möglichkeit einer Volumenstromregulierung als auch der Wasserzulaufsperrung im Bedarfsfall erreicht. Das erfindungsgemäße Motorventil erfüllt so eine Doppelfunktion. Mittels der Steuereinrichtung ist es möglich, das Drosselorgan in eine gewünschte Stellung zu bringen, so dass die maximale Durchflussmenge auf einen vorgegebenen oberen Wert begrenzt wird. So kann der Durchlauferhitzer über die Steuereinrichtung an verschiedene Einbausituationen hinsichtlich hydraulischer und/oder elektrischer Anschlussgegebenheiten angepasst werden.The instantaneous water heater according to the invention offers a number of advantages. By means of the motor valve according to the invention, it is possible to both regulate the water flow rate and completely shut off the inflow of water. In this way, the possibility of both volume flow regulation and water inlet blocking if necessary is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner with just one hydraulic component. The engine valve according to the invention thus fulfills a dual function. By means of the control device it is possible to bring the throttle element into a desired position so that the maximum flow rate is limited to a predetermined upper value. The instantaneous water heater can be adapted to various installation situations with regard to hydraulic and/or electrical connection conditions via the control device.
Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Strömungsweg ein Dichtungssitz angeordnet ist und das Drosselorgan bezüglich des Dichtungssitzes wasserzulaufseitig angeordnet ist. Aufgrund der wasserzulaufseitigen Anordnung des Drosselorgans wirkt das in der Durchflussrichtung fließende Wasser auf das Drosselorgan in Richtung der Schließstellung ein. Diese in Richtung der Schließstellung wirkende Kraft unterstützt zusätzlich die Positionsverstellung des Drosselorgans in Richtung der Schließstellung. So wird beim Bewegen des Drosselorgans in Richtung der Schließstellung weniger elektrische Leistung zum Betrieb des Elektromotors benötigt, als dies der Fall ist, wenn das Drosselorgan in die entgegengesetzte Richtung zur Offenstellung hinbewegt wird. Bei gleicher Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors wird so zudem der Schließvorgang zusätzlich durch den Wasserdruck unterstützt und damit beschleunigt.An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a sealing seat is arranged in the flow path and the throttle element is arranged on the water inlet side with respect to the sealing seat. Due to the arrangement of the throttle element on the water inlet side, the water flowing in the flow direction acts on the throttle element in the direction of the closed position. This force acting in the direction of the closed position additionally supports the position adjustment of the throttle element in the direction of the closed position. When moving the throttle element in the direction of the closed position, less electrical power is required to operate the electric motor than is the case when the throttle element is moved in the opposite direction to the open position. With the same current consumption of the electric motor, the closing process is additionally supported by the water pressure and thus accelerated.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das Drosselorgan linear positionsverstellbar ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise kann die maximale Durchflussmenge des Wassers fein abgestuft variabel eingestellt werden.A preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the throttle element is designed to be linearly position-adjustable. In this way, the maximum flow rate of water can be variably adjusted in fine stages.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung der Erfindung umfasst der Elektromotor einen Spindelantrieb, mittels dessen das Drosselorgan linear positionsverstellbar ist. Der Spindelantrieb bietet den Vorteil, dass dieser selbsthemmend ausgebildet ist. Eine einmal mittels des Elektromotors eingestellte Position des Drosselorgans wird so auch bei nicht vorhandener Versorgungsspannung des Elektromotors aufgrund der genannten Selbsthemmung stets unverändert beibehalten. Um die jeweilige Position des Drosselorgans beizubehalten ist daher keine Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie erforderlich.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the electric motor comprises a spindle drive, by means of which the throttle element can be linearly adjusted in position. The spindle drive offers the advantage that it is self-locking. Once the position of the throttle element has been set using the electric motor, it is always maintained unchanged due to the aforementioned self-locking, even if the electric motor's supply voltage is not present. In order to maintain the respective position of the throttle element, no provision of electrical energy is required.
Eine weitere zweckmäßige Ausbildung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromotor als Schrittmotor ausgeführt ist. Die Ausführung des Elektromotors als Schrittmotor bietet den Vorteil, dass die Positionsverstellung des Drosselorgans besonders einfach und preiswert, insbesondere ohne zusätzliche Erfassung der Winkelstellung der Motorachse, möglich wird. Alternativ kann anstelle des Schrittmotors auch ein Servomotor zum Einsatz kommen, dessen jeweilige Winkelstellung über einen Winkelpositionsgeber erfasst und entsprechend rückgeregelt wird.A further expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the electric motor is designed as a stepper motor. The design of the electric motor as a stepper motor offers the advantage that the position adjustment of the throttle element is particularly simple and inexpensive, in particular without additional detection of the angular position of the motor axis. Alternatively, a servo motor can also be used instead of the stepper motor, the respective angular position of which is detected via an angular position sensor and adjusted accordingly.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Drosselorgan kegelförmig ausgebildet. Durch die kegelförmige Geometrie des Drosselorgans wird eine möglichst fein abgestufte Regulierung der maximalen Durchflussmenge erreicht. Insbesondere ist hierzu das Drosselorgan in der Durchflussrichtung des Wassers sich verjüngend ausgebildet. Weiter bevorzugt ist das Drosselorgan in der Durchflussrichtung des Wassers sich linear verjüngend ausgebildet. Das Drosselorgan ist auf diese Weise kegel- oder kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet.According to a further preferred embodiment, the throttle element is conical. The conical geometry of the throttle body allows the maximum flow rate to be regulated as finely as possible. In particular, the throttle element is designed to taper in the flow direction of the water. More preferably, the throttle element is designed to taper linearly in the flow direction of the water. In this way, the throttle element is designed in the shape of a cone or truncated cone.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass an dem Drosselorgan ein Dichtmittel umlaufend angeordnet ist, wobei das Dichtmittel eingerichtet ist, in der Schließstellung mit dem Dichtungssitz in Dichtanlage zu gelangen. Das umlaufend an dem Drosselorgan angeordnete Dichtmittel bietet den Vorteil einer vollständigen Absperrung des Wasserdurchflusses in der Schließstellung. Zudem bietet das Dichtmittel den Vorteil, dass in der Schließstellung der einwirkende Wasserdruck das Dichtmittel gegen den Dichtungssitz presst und so selbsttätig mit steigendem Wasserdruck für eine höhere Anpressung des Dichtmittels gegen den Dichtungssitz sorgt. Damit wird eine besonders zuverlässige Dichtwirkung erzielt.A preferred development of the invention is characterized in that a sealant is arranged all around the throttle element, the sealant being designed to come into sealing contact with the sealing seat in the closed position. The sealant arranged all around the throttle element offers the advantage of completely shutting off the water flow in the closed position. In addition, the sealant offers the advantage that in the closed position the acting water pressure presses the sealant against the seal seat and thus automatically ensures a higher pressure of the sealant against the seal seat as the water pressure increases. This achieves a particularly reliable sealing effect.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung der Erfindung umfasst der Durchlauferhitzer weiter mindestens einen zur Aufnahme von Leck- und/oder Kondenswasser eingerichteten wannenartigen Aufnahmebereich mit einem Sensormittel zur Erkennung einer Wasseransammlung in dem Aufnahmebereich, wobei die Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet ist, im Fall einer mittels des Sensormittels erkannten Wasseransammlung das Motorventil derart anzusteuern, dass das Drosselorgan in die Schließstellung bewegt wird. Der wannenartige Aufnahmebereich bietet in Verbindung mit dem Sensormittel den Vorteil, dass bereits geringe Wasseransammlung erkannt und so das Auftreten kleinster Mengen von Leck- und/oder Kondenswasser festgestellt werden kann. Durch die mechanische Positionierung des Sensormittels und/oder durch entsprechende Auswertung eines Sensorsignals des Sensormittels durch die hierzu eingerichtete Steuereinheit kann erreicht werden, dass kleine Wasseransammlungen, beispielsweise durch den Anfall von Kondenswasser, nicht unmittelbar dazu führe, dass das Drosselorgan in die Schließstellung bewegt wird. Auch größere Leckagen werden unmittelbar durch die dann erfolgende rasche Wasseransammlung in dem Aufnahmebereich erkannt, so dass das Drosselorgan unverzüglich in die Schließstellung bewegt wird. Auf diese Weise ist mit nur einem hydraulischen Bauteil in Form des erfindungsgemäßen Motorventils sowohl die Regulierung der maximalen Durchflussmenge als auch die zuvor beschriebene Absperrfunktion garantiert.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the instantaneous water heater further comprises at least one trough-like receiving area set up to receive leakage and/or condensation water with a sensor means for detecting a water accumulation in the receiving area, the control device being designed in the case of a water accumulation detected by means of the sensor means to control the engine valve in such a way that the throttle element is moved into the closed position. The trough-like receiving area, in conjunction with the sensor means, offers the advantage that even small accumulations of water can be detected and the occurrence of even the smallest amounts of leakage and/or condensation water can be determined. By mechanically positioning the sensor means and/or by appropriately evaluating a sensor signal from the sensor means by the control unit set up for this purpose, it can be achieved that small accumulations of water, for example due to the accumulation of condensation, do not immediately lead to the throttle element being moved into the closed position. Even larger leaks are immediately detected by the rapid accumulation of water in the receiving area, so that the throttle element is immediately moved into the closed position. In this way, both the regulation of the maximum flow rate and the shut-off function described above are guaranteed with just one hydraulic component in the form of the engine valve according to the invention.
Die Erfindung ist weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung eine Unterspannungserkennungseinrichtung aufweist, die eingerichtet ist, eine Unterspannung oder den Ausfall einer oder mehrere Phasen der Netzspannung als Unterspannungsereignis zu detektieren und im Fall eines detektierten Unterspannungsereignisses das Motorventil derart anzusteuern, dass das Drosselorgan in die Schließstellung bewegt wird. Die Unterspannungserkennungseinrichtung der Steuereinrichtung bietet den Vorteil, dass nicht nur im Fall hydraulischer Leckagen oder Fehler eine Absperrung des Wasserzulaufs erfolgt, sondern auch bei Netzspannungsausfall oder beim Auftreten von Unterspannungsereignissen der Wasserzulauf hydraulisch verriegelt wird. Auf diese Weise wird immer dann, wenn der erfindungsgemäße Durchlauferhitzer einer elektrischen Versorgungsumgebung ausgesetzt ist, die zu Störungen der Steuerelektronik bzw. Steuereinrichtung führen könnte, der Wasserzulauf zu dem Gerät abgesperrt. Ein Austreten von Leckagewasser ist damit in derartigen Situationen praktisch ausgeschlossen.The invention is further characterized in that the control device has an undervoltage detection device which is set up to detect an undervoltage or the failure of one or more phases of the mains voltage as an undervoltage event and, in the case of a detected undervoltage event, to control the motor valve in such a way that the throttle element is in the closed position is moved. The undervoltage detection device of the control device offers the advantage that not only is the water inlet shut off in the event of hydraulic leaks or errors, but the water inlet is also locked hydraulically in the event of a mains voltage failure or when undervoltage events occur. In this way, whenever the instantaneous water heater according to the invention is exposed to an electrical supply environment that could lead to malfunctions in the control electronics or control device, the water inlet to the device is shut off. The escape of leakage water is therefore practically impossible in such situations.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung der Erfindung umfasst die Steuereinrichtung mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher, der eingerichtet ist, zumindest die Menge an elektrische Energie bereitzustellen, die erforderlich ist, um das Drosselorgan mittels des Elektromotors aus der Offenstellung in die Schließstellung zu verbringen. Mittels des elektrischen Energiespeichers wird sichergestellt, dass das Drosselorgan mittels des Elektromotors aus jeder Position sicher in die Schließstellung gefahren wird, auch dann, wenn die netzspannungsseitige Versorgung nicht mehr sichergestellt ist. Anders ausgedrückt, ist der elektrische Energiespeicher als Puffer ausgebildet, der für die Zeitdauer des Schließvorgangs des Drosselorgans die zum Betrieb des Elektromotors erforderliche elektrische Energie bereitstellt.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the control device comprises at least one electrical energy storage device, which is set up to provide at least the amount of electrical energy that is required to move the throttle element from the open position to the closed position by means of the electric motor. The electrical energy storage ensures that the throttle element is moved safely from any position into the closed position by means of the electric motor, even if the mains voltage supply is no longer guaranteed. In other words, the electrical energy storage is designed as a buffer that provides the electrical energy required to operate the electric motor for the duration of the closing process of the throttle element.
Eine weitere zweckmäßige Ausbildung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet ist, im Fall eines detektierten Unterspannungsereignisses ihre Versorgungsspannung zumindest für die Dauer des Verbringens des Drosselorgans aus der Offenstellung in die Schließstellung von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher zu beziehen. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Größe des elektrischen Energiespeichers so ausgelegt, dass die darin gespeicherte elektrische Energie mindestens ausreichend ist, um ein sicheres Verbringen des Drosselorgans in die Schließstellung zu garantieren. Der weiteste zurückzulegende Weg des Drosselorgans ist derjenige aus der Offenstellung in die Schließstellung, so dass es vorteilhaft ist, dass der Energiespeicher so ausgelegt ist, dass für ein Verstellen des Drosselorgans aus der Offenstellung in die Schließstellung ausreichend elektrische Energie zur Verfügung steht. Weiter bevorzugt ist die Kapazität des elektrischen Energiespeichers so ausgelegt, dass zusätzlich zu der genannten elektrischen Energiemenge ein Sicherheitszuschlag vorgesehen ist, um im Fall einer erhöhten Stromaufnahme, beispielsweise durch Druck- und/oder Strömungsverhältnisse oder erhöhten mechanischen Widerstand, in jedem Fall ausreichend Energiereserve vorhanden ist, um stets das Drosselorgan in die Schließstellung zu verbringen.A further expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the control device is designed, in the event of a detected undervoltage event, to obtain its supply voltage from the electrical energy storage at least for the duration of the movement of the throttle element from the open position to the closed position. Advantageously, the size of the electrical energy storage is designed such that the electrical energy stored therein is at least sufficient to guarantee that the throttle element is moved safely into the closed position. The furthest distance to be covered by the throttle element is that from the open position to the closed position, so that it is advantageous for the energy storage device to be designed in such a way that sufficient electrical energy is available for adjusting the throttle element from the open position to the closed position. Further preferably, the capacity of the electrical energy storage is designed such that, in addition to the amount of electrical energy mentioned, a safety margin is provided in order to ensure that there is sufficient energy reserve in any case in the event of increased current consumption, for example due to pressure and/or flow conditions or increased mechanical resistance in order to always move the throttle element to the closed position.
Die Erfindung ist weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ventilkörper ein zur mechanischen Wegbegrenzung des Drosselorgans in der Offenstellung eingerichtetes Gegenlageelement umfasst, und dass die Steuereinrichtung weiter ausgebildet ist, die Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors zu erfassen und im Anschluss an ein vorangegangenes Unterspannungsereignis den Elektromotor anzusteuern und das Drosselorgan in die Offenstellung zu fahren, wobei das Erreichen der Offenstellung mittels der Steuereinrichtung beim Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen ersten Referenzwertes der erfassten Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors ermittelt wird. Die mechanische Wegbegrenzung des Drosselorgans in der Offenstellung bietet eine mechanisch robuste und zugleich kostengünstige Lösung, um sicherzustellen, dass das Drosselorgan sich in der Offenstellung befindet. Über den Vergleich der Stromaufnahme des Motors mit dem vorgegebenen ersten Referenzwert lässt sich bei Überschreiten der Motorstromaufnahme unmittelbar feststellen, ob sich das Drosselorgan in mechanischer Wegbegrenzung an dem Gegenlageelement befindet. Auf diese Weise kann die Offenstellung als Referenzposition genutzt werden, die nach einmaligem Anfahren als Bezugspunkt für die weitere Positionsverstellung des Drosselorgans dient. Weitere Sensorik zur Bestimmung der Position des Drosselorgans ist somit nicht erforderlich.The invention is further characterized in that the valve body comprises a counter-position element set up to mechanically limit the travel of the throttle element in the open position, and in that the control device is further designed to detect the current consumption of the electric motor and to control the electric motor and the throttle element following a previous undervoltage event to move into the open position, the open position being reached by means of the control device when a predetermined value is exceeded first reference value of the recorded current consumption of the electric motor is determined. The mechanical travel limitation of the throttle element in the open position offers a mechanically robust and at the same time cost-effective solution to ensure that the throttle element is in the open position. By comparing the current consumption of the motor with the predetermined first reference value, if the motor current consumption is exceeded, it can be determined immediately whether the throttle element is in mechanical travel limitation on the counter-position element. In this way, the open position can be used as a reference position, which, after starting once, serves as a reference point for further position adjustment of the throttle element. Additional sensors for determining the position of the throttle element are therefore not required.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet, das Erreichen der Schließstellung durch Vergleich der Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors mit einem vorgegebenen zweiten Referenzwert zu ermitteln. In analoger Weise zur Verstellung der Position des Drosselorgans in der Offenstellung erfolgt das Erkennen des Erreichens der Schließstellung durch Messung der Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors und Vergleich mit einem zweiten Referenzwert. Eine Wegbegrenzung in der Schließstellung erfolgt durch den Dichtungssitz, so dass auch hier über einen signifikanten Anstieg der Motorstromaufnahme die Position des Drosselorgans in der Schließstellung ermittelt wird.According to a further preferred embodiment, the control device is designed to determine when the closed position has been reached by comparing the current consumption of the electric motor with a predetermined second reference value. In a similar manner to adjusting the position of the throttle element in the open position, the detection of reaching the closed position is carried out by measuring the current consumption of the electric motor and comparing it with a second reference value. A travel limitation in the closed position is carried out by the seal seat, so that here too the position of the throttle element in the closed position is determined via a significant increase in the motor current consumption.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung der Erfindung ist die Steuereinrichtung weiter ausgebildet ist, im Anschluss an ein vorangegangenes Unterspannungsereignis den Elektromotor anzusteuern und das Drosselorgan in eine Position zu verfahren, in der das Drosselorgan mit dem Gegenlageelement in mechanischen Begrenzungskontakt gelangt. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass nach jedem aufgetretenen Unterspannungsereignis das Drosselorgan zunächst in eine definierte und reproduzierbare Position, nämlich in die Offenstellung unter Kontakt mit dem Gegenlageelement, verfahren wird. Diese Position stellt, wie zuvor bereits beschrieben, eine Referenzposition dar, aus der jede andere Position zwischen der Offen- und der Schließstellung des Drosselorgans exakt bestimmbar ist.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the control device is further designed to control the electric motor following a previous undervoltage event and to move the throttle element into a position in which the throttle element comes into mechanical limiting contact with the counter-position element. This offers the advantage that after each undervoltage event that occurs, the throttle element is initially moved into a defined and reproducible position, namely into the open position in contact with the counter-position element. As previously described, this position represents a reference position from which every other position between the open and closed positions of the throttle element can be precisely determined.
Weitere bevorzugte und/oder zweckmäßige Merkmale und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der Beschreibung. Besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsformen werden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine Seitenansicht eines in dem erfindungsgemäßen Durchlauferhitzer vorhandenen Motorventils,
- Fig. 2
- eine Schnittdarstellung des in
Fig. 1 gezeigten Motorventils entlang der Schnittlinie A-A und - Fig. 3
- eine perspektivische Ansicht des in den
Fig. 1 und2 gezeigten Motorventils.
- Fig. 1
- a side view of a motor valve present in the instantaneous water heater according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a sectional view of the in
Fig. 1 shown engine valve along the section line AA and - Fig. 3
- a perspective view of the in the
Fig. 1 and2 engine valve shown.
Durchlauferhitzer zur Warmwasserbereitung, insbesondere elektrisch betriebene Blankdrahtdurchlauferhitzer, umfassen regelmäßig die nachfolgend beschriebenen, jedoch in der Zeichnung nicht gezeigten, Komponenten und/oder Bauteile.Instantaneous water heaters for hot water preparation, in particular electrically operated bare wire instantaneous water heaters, regularly include the components and/or components described below but not shown in the drawing.
So weisen derartige Durchlauferhitzer eine Kanalanordnung mit einem Wasserzulauf sowie einem Wasserablauf auf. Der Wasserzulauf ist eingerichtet, um an eine wasserzuführende Wasserleitung angeschlossen zu werden, während der Wasserablauf eingerichtet ist, an eine wasserabführende Wasserleitung angeschlossen zu werden. Zum Erwärmen des durch die Kanalanordnung in Durchflussrichtung 15 fließenden Wassers umfassen derartige Durchlauferhitzer regelmäßig eine elektrische Heizeinrichtung, beispielsweise in Form von Heizwendeln, die in Heizkanälen der Heizkanalanordnung angeordnet sind und von dem zu erwärmenden Wasser umspült werden. Zum Steuern bzw. Regeln der Heizleistung der Heizeinrichtung umfassend derartige Durchlauferhitzer eine entsprechend eingerichtete elektronische Steuereinrichtung.Such instantaneous water heaters have a channel arrangement with a water inlet and a water outlet. The water inlet is set up to be connected to a water supplying water pipe, while the water outlet is set up to be connected to a water draining water pipe. To heat the water flowing through the channel arrangement in the
In dem Wasserzulauf ist das in der Zeichnung gezeigte Motorventil 10, das zur Begrenzung der Wasserdurchflussmenge eingerichtet und mittels Steuereinrichtung ansteuerbar ist, angeordnet. Das Motorventil 10 weist einen Ventilkörper 11 auf, der einen Strömungsweg 12 für das Wasser bildet.The
Das Motorventil 10 umfasst ferner einen Elektromotor 13 sowie ein Drosselorgan 14, wobei das Drosselorgan 14 positionsverstellbar zur Einstellung des Volumenstroms eingerichtet ist und mittels des Elektromotors 13 zwischen einer Offenstellung und einer Schließstellung bewegbar ist. In
Zudem ist das Motorventil 10 derart ausgebildet, dass die Positionsverstellung des Drosselorgans 14 in Richtung der Schließstellung mit der Durchflussrichtung 15 erfolgt. Mit anderen Worten findet die Verstellung der Position des Drosselorgans 14 in Richtung der Schließstellung in der Durchflussrichtung 15 des Wassers statt, während eine Positionsverstellung des Drosselorgans 14 in die Offenstellung entgegen der Durchflussrichtung 15 des Wassers erfolgt.In addition, the
Wie in
Vorzugsweise ist das Drosselorgan 14 linear positionsverstellbar ausgebildet. Das Drosselorgan 14 ist auf diese Weise in den Verstellrichtungen 17, wie in
Weiter bevorzugt umfasst der Elektromotor 13 einen - in der Zeichnung nicht gezeigten - Spindelantrieb. Der Spindelantrieb bietet den Vorteil, dass dieser selbsthemmend ausgebildet ist. Durch den Wasserfluss auf das Drosselorgan 14 einwirkende Kräfte führen so nicht zu einer ungewollten Verstellung der Position des Drosselorgans 14. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass zur Positionshaltung des Drosselorgans 14 durch den Elektromotor 13 kein Drehmoment auf den Spindelantrieb ausgeübt werden muss, die Position des Drosselorgans 14 also auch ohne Aufnahme elektrischer Leistung durch den Elektromotor 13 gehalten wird.More preferably, the
Vorzugsweise ist der Elektromotor 13 als Schrittmotor ausgeführt. Alternativ ist es möglich, den Elektromotor 13 als Servomotor auszubilden, so dass die jeweilige Winkelposition des Antriebs überwacht und gegebenenfalls ausgeregelt wird. Die Verwendung eines Schrittmotors bietet den Vorteil, dass jeder Winkelschritt exakt einem sich in die jeweiligen Verstellrichtungen 17 des Drosselorgans 14 erstreckenden Wegstück zugeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Position des Drosselorgans 14 präzise anhand einer vorgegebenen Schrittanzahl linear zu verstellen.The
Wie in
Vorzugsweise ist an dem Drosselorgan 14 ein Dichtmittel 20 umlaufend angeordnet. Das Dichtmittel 20 ist vorzugsweise als O-Ring ausgebildet. Zudem ist das Dichtmittel 20 eingerichtet, in der Schließstellung mit dem Dichtungssitz 16 in Dichtanlage zu gelangen. Das Dichtmittel 20 bewirkt so in der Schließstellung eine vollständige Absperrung des Wasserlaufs. Das Motorventil 10 ist also eingerichtet, in der Schließstellung den Wasserdurchfluss vollständig zu unterbrechen. Insbesondere ist es von Vorteil, wenn das Dichtmittel 20 - wie in der
Der erfindungsgemäße Durchlauferhitzer umfasst weiter einen - in der Zeichnung nicht gezeigten - wannenartigen Aufnahmebereich, der zur Aufnahme von Leck- und/oder Kondenswasser eingerichtet ist. Zudem umfasst der Aufnahmebereich mindestens ein Sensormittel zur Erkennung einer Wasseransammlung in demselben. Das Sensormittel steht in Verbindung mit der Steuereinrichtung, die ausgebildet ist, im Fall einer mittels des Sensormittels erkannten Wasseransammlung das Motorventil 10 derart anzusteuern, dass das Drosselorgan 14 in die Schließstellung bewegt wird. Als Sensormittel kann beispielsweise ein Schwimmerschalter oder eine Elektrodenanordnung zur Leitfähigkeitsmessung zum Einsatz kommen. Im Fall einer Ansammlung von Wasser in dem Aufnahmebereich wird so mittels der dazu eingerichteten Steuereinrichtung das Drosselorgan 14 des Motorventils 10 in die Schließstellung bewegt und ein weiterer Zulauf von Wasser in das Gerät unterbunden.The instantaneous water heater according to the invention further comprises a trough-like receiving area - not shown in the drawing - which is set up to receive leakage and/or condensation water. In addition, the recording area includes at least one sensor means for detecting an accumulation of water therein. The sensor means is in connection with the control device, which is designed to control the
Vorzugsweise umfasst die Steuereinrichtung weiter eine Unterspannungserkennungseinrichtung, die ausgebildet ist, eine Unterspannung der Netzspannung oder den Ausfall einer oder mehrerer Phasen der Netzspannung als Unterspannungsereignis zu detektieren. Ferner ist die Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet, im Fall eines detektierten Unterspannungsereignisses das Motorventil 10 derart anzusteuern, dass das Drosselorgan 14 in die Schließstellung bewegt wird. Auf diese Weise wird nicht nur im Leckagefall, sondern auch bei möglichen Störungen des Durchlauferhitzerbetriebs durch auftretende Störungen der Netzspannung ein Zulauf von Wasser zum Gerät unterbunden.Preferably, the control device further comprises an undervoltage detection device which is designed to detect an undervoltage of the mains voltage or the failure of one or more phases of the mains voltage as an undervoltage event. Furthermore, the control device is designed to control the
Vorteilhafterweise umfasst die Steuereinrichtung mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher, der eingerichtet ist, zumindest die Menge an elektrischer Energie bereitzustellen, die erforderlich ist, um das Drosselorgan 14 mittels des Elektromotors 13 aus der Offenstellung in die Schließstellung zu verbringen. Als elektrischer Energiespeicher kommen beispielsweise Elektrolytkondensatoren, Superkondensatoren oder Akkumulatoren zum Einsatz. Die Dimensionierung erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von dem Energiebedarf des Elektromotors 13 sowie der maximal erforderlichen Zeit, um das Drosselorgan 14 aus der Offenstellung in die Schließstellung zu verbringen.Advantageously, the control device comprises at least one electrical energy storage device, which is set up to provide at least the amount of electrical energy that is required to move the
Vorteilhafterweise umfasst der Ventilkörper 11 ein Gegenlageelement 21. Das Gegenlageelement 21 ist zur mechanischen Wegbegrenzung des Drosselorgans 14 in der Offenstellung eingerichtet und ausgebildet. Bei Erreichen der Offenstellung gelangt der dem Gegenlageelement 21 zugewandte Teil des Drosselorgans 14 mit diesem in mechanischen Kontakt und definiert so die Endposition des Drosselorgans 14 in der Offenstellung. Die Steuereinrichtung ist weiter ausgebildet, die Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors 13 zu erfassen und im Anschluss an ein vorangegangenes Unterspannungsereignis den Elektromotor 13 derart anzusteuern, dass das Drosselorgan 14 in die Offenstellung gefahren wird. Die Steuereinrichtung ist ausgebildet, das Erreichen der Offenstellung zu ermitteln, indem ein Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen ersten Referenzwerts der erfassten Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors 13 festgestellt wird. Bedingt durch die Wegbegrenzung mittels des Gegenlageelements 21 steigt die Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors 13 bei Erreichen der Offenstellung signifikant an und kann daher als Kriterium für das Erreichen derselben Stellung herangezogen werden. So ist es möglich, das Drosselorgan 14 in die immer gleiche, wohldefinierte Position in der Offenstellung zu fahren, die als Referenzposition für jegliche folgende Positionsverstellung des Drosselorgans 14 herangezogen wird. Bei der Verwendung eines Schrittmotors als Elektromotor 13 ist es so auf besonders einfach Weise möglich, die jeweilige Verstellposition des Drosselorgans 14 allein anhand der Schrittanzahl exakt einzustellen.The
Weiter bevorzugt ist die Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet, das Erreichen der Schließstellung durch Vergleich der Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors 13 mit einem vorgegebenen zweiten Referenzwert zu ermitteln. Das Drosselorgan 14 wird in der Schließstellung mechanisch durch den Dichtungssitz 16 begrenzt, der vorzugsweise mit dem Dichtmittel 20 in Anlagekontakt gelangt. Durch diese mechanische Wegbegrenzung erhöht sich die zur Positionsverstellung erforderliche Kraft bzw. das erforderliche Drehmoment, was zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der Stromaufnahme des Elektromotors 13 führt.Further preferably, the control device is designed to determine whether the closed position has been reached by comparing the current consumption of the
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Steuereinrichtung weiter ausgebildet, den Elektromotor 13 im Anschluss an ein vorangegangenes Unterspannungsereignis derart anzusteuern, dass das Drosselorgan 14 in eine Position verfahren wird, in der dieses mit dem Gegenlageelement 21 in mechanischen Begrenzungskontakt gelangt. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass nach dem Auftreten eines Unterspannungsereignisses das Drosselorgan 14 zunächst in eine definierte, vorbekannte Position verfahren wird, in diesem Fall in eine definierte Position der Offenstellung. Auf dieser einmal angefahrenen bekannten Position sind dann im Folgenden verschiedene Positionen zwischen Offen-und Schließstellung exakt anfahrbar.Advantageously, the control device is further designed to control the
Claims (13)
- Instantaneous water heater for water heating, comprisinga channel arrangement with a water inlet, which is adapted for connection to a water supply pipe, and with a water outlet, which is adapted for connection to a water discharge pipe,an electrical heating device for heating water flowing through the channel arrangement in the direction of flow (15),an electronic control device configured to control the heat output of the heating device anda motor-driven valve (10) arranged in the water inlet and adapted to limit the water flow rate and controllable by means of the control device, wherein the motor-driven valve (10) comprises a valve body (11) forming a flow path (12), an electric motor (13) and a throttle member (14) which can be adjusted in position between an open position and a closed position by means of the electric motor (13) and is adapted for adjusting the volume flow, and wherein the motor valve (10) is configured such that the position adjustment of the throttle member (14) in the direction of the closed position takes place with the flow direction (15) of the water, and characterised in thatthe control device has an undervoltage detection device which is adapted to detect an undervoltage or the failure of one or more phases of the mains voltage as an undervoltage incident and, in the event of a detected undervoltage incident, to actuate the motor valve (10) in such a way that the throttle element (14) is moved into the closed position, andthe valve body (11) comprises a counter-position element (21) set up to mechanically limit the path of the throttle member (14) in the open position, and in that the control device is further configured to detect the current consumption of the electric motor (13) and, following a preceding undervoltage incident, to actuate the electric motor (13) and move the throttle element (14) into the open position, wherein reaching of the open position is determined by means of the control device when a predetermined first reference value of the detected current consumption of the electric motor (13) is exceeded.
- Instantaneous water heater according to claim 1, characterised in that a seal seat (16) is arranged in the flow path (12) and the throttle element (14) is arranged on the water inlet side with respect to the seal seat (16).
- Instantaneous water heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the throttle element (14) is designed to be linearly position-adjustable.
- Instantaneous water heater according to claim 3, characterised in that the electric motor (13) comprises a spindle drive, by means of which the throttle element (14) can be adjusted linearly in position.
- Instantaneous water heater according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the electric motor (13) is configured as a stepper motor.
- Instantaneous water heater according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the throttle element (14) is conical in shape.
- Instantaneous water heater according to claim 6, characterised in that the throttle element (14) is designed to taper in the flow direction (15) of the water, preferably linearly tapering.
- Instantaneous water heater according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterised in that a sealing means (20) is arranged circumferentially on the throttle member (14), wherein the sealing means (20) is arranged to come into sealing contact with the seal seat (16) in the closed position.
- Instantaneous water heater according to one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising at least one trough-like receiving area adapted to receive leakage and/or condensation water with a sensor means for detecting an accumulation of water in the receiving area, wherein the control device is configured to actuate the motor valve (10) in such a way that the throttle member (14) is moved into the closed position in the event of an accumulation of water detected by means of the sensor means.
- Instantaneous water heater according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the control device comprises at least one electrical energy store which is adapted to provide at least the amount of electrical energy required to move the throttle element (14) from the open position to the closed position by means of the electric motor (13).
- Instantaneous water heater according to claim 10, characterised in that the control device is configured to draw its supply voltage from the electrical energy store in the event of a detected undervoltage incident, at least for the duration of the movement of the throttle element (14) from the open position to the closed position.
- Instantaneous water heater according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the control device is configured to determine when the closed position is reached by comparing the current consumption of the electric motor (13) with a predetermined second reference value.
- Instantaneous water heater according to claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the control device is further configured to control the electric motor (13) following a preceding undervoltage incident and to move the throttle element (14) into a position in which the throttle element (14) comes into mechanical limiting contact with the counter position element (21).
Priority Applications (2)
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PL20154818.7T PL3859228T3 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2020-01-31 | Continuous flow heater for hot water preparation |
EP20154818.7A EP3859228B1 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2020-01-31 | Continuous flow heater for hot water preparation |
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EP20154818.7A EP3859228B1 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2020-01-31 | Continuous flow heater for hot water preparation |
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EP3859228B1 true EP3859228B1 (en) | 2024-03-06 |
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EP20154818.7A Active EP3859228B1 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2020-01-31 | Continuous flow heater for hot water preparation |
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CN115247898B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-04-02 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Constant temperature control method for re-water outlet of water heater |
EP4421403A1 (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2024-08-28 | Gerdes Holding GmbH & Co. KG | Continuous flow heater, method and continuous flow heater arrangement for hot water production |
EP4431831A1 (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2024-09-18 | Gerdes Holding GmbH & Co. KG | Leakage detection device and continuous flow heater with same |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3805441C2 (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1990-05-23 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg, 3450 Holzminden, De |
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DE102014222731B4 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2020-10-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Protective device and hot water device |
DE102014222732B4 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2021-06-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hot water device and protective device |
US20160208947A1 (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-07-21 | Moen Incorporated | Electronic plumbing fixture fitting with electronic valves having sequential operation |
CN105626929A (en) * | 2016-03-19 | 2016-06-01 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | Electrically operated valve and control method thereof |
CN106705432A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-24 | 常州新和美电器有限公司 | Efficient electromagnetic heating-type bathroom water supply system |
DE102017102956A1 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-16 | Franke Water Systems Ag | Device for dispensing hot water |
US10480824B2 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-11-19 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Leak detection sensor assemblies for water heaters |
DE102018001314B4 (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2023-12-07 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Hot water generator |
-
2020
- 2020-01-31 EP EP20154818.7A patent/EP3859228B1/en active Active
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Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3805441C2 (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1990-05-23 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg, 3450 Holzminden, De |
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