EP3856359B1 - Masque de pollution et procédé de commande - Google Patents

Masque de pollution et procédé de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3856359B1
EP3856359B1 EP19769803.8A EP19769803A EP3856359B1 EP 3856359 B1 EP3856359 B1 EP 3856359B1 EP 19769803 A EP19769803 A EP 19769803A EP 3856359 B1 EP3856359 B1 EP 3856359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fan
mask
air chamber
detecting
rotation
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Active
Application number
EP19769803.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3856359A1 (fr
Inventor
Tao Kong
Weizhong Chen
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Priority claimed from EP18214381.8A external-priority patent/EP3669948A1/fr
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Publication of EP3856359A1 publication Critical patent/EP3856359A1/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/006—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort with pumps for forced ventilation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a pollution mask, for providing filtered air to the wearer of the mask, with the flow assisted by a fan.
  • the World Health Organization estimates that 4 million people die from air pollution every year. Part of this problem is the outdoor air quality in cities. The worst in class are Indian cities like Delhi that have an annual pollution level more than 10 times the recommended level. Well known is Beijing with an annual average 8.5 times the recommended safe levels. However, even in European cities like London, Paris and Berlin, the levels are higher than recommended by the WHO.
  • the benefit to the wearer of using a powered mask is that the lungs are relieved of the slight strain caused by inhalation against the resistance of the filters in a conventional non-powered mask.
  • a powered mask delivers a steady stream of air to the face and may for example provide a slight positive pressure, which may be determined by the resistance of an exhale valve, to ensure that any leakage is outward rather than inward, see for example US2015/114389 A1 .
  • the pressure inside the mask can be measured and both pressure as well as pressure variation can be used to control the fan.
  • the pressure inside a mask can be measured by a pressure sensor and the fan speed can be varied in dependence on the sensor measurements, for example based on detecting the inhalation and exhalation phases.
  • a pressure sensor is costly so it would be desirable to provide an alternative method.
  • Fan-operated masks are battery-operated devices, so that it is desirable to reduce power consumption to a minimum as well as keeping the cost to a minimum.
  • One issue is that the fan may be left on when the mask is not being worn, and this results in unnecessary power consumption. It is possible to provide sensors dedicated to detecting when the mask is worn, but this increases the cost of the breathing mask.
  • a pollution mask comprising:
  • the invention relates to a pollution mask.
  • a pollution mask By this is meant a device which has the primary purpose of filtering ambient air to be breathed by the user.
  • the mask does not perform any form of patient treatment.
  • the pressure levels and flows resulting from the fan operation are intended solely to assist in providing comfort (by influencing the temperature or relative humidity in the air chamber) and/or to assist in providing a flow across a filter without requiring significant additional breathing effort by the user.
  • the mask does not provide overall breathing assistance compared to a condition in which the user does not wear the mask.
  • the fan may be for providing an increased pressure in the air chamber (e.g. a flow into the air chamber during inhalation). In such a case, it is only required to provide a small increased pressure, for example for assisting inhalation of the user.
  • the fan may instead be only for drawing air from inside the air chamber to the outside. In this way, it may promote a supply of fresh filtered air to the air chamber even during exhalation, which improves user comfort.
  • the pressure in the air chamber may for example be below the outside (atmospheric) pressure at all times so that fresh air is always supplied to the face. During exhalation, the pressure may still however be higher than the ambient pressure if there is a slow fan speed or high exhalation volume.
  • optical sensor provides a low cost and compact way to implement an automatic turn on function and/or an automatic turn off function. It avoids the need for any particular fan design, since the detection is based on optical analysis of the fan rotation rather that analysis of electrical fan signals.
  • the controller is adapted to implement an automatic control function.
  • the automatic control function may comprise an automatic turn on function of the fan based on detecting fan rotation caused by a user's breath while the fan is not activated. In this way, only the optical sensor needs to be powered to detect the fan rotation, and the user's breath will create enough fan movement to be detected.
  • the controller is for example adapted to operate in a discontinuous optical sensing mode when the fan is turned off. This saves power.
  • the automatic control function implemented by the controller may be an automatic turn off function of the fan based on detecting a uniform fan speed.
  • This uniform speed is indicative that the mask is not worn.
  • the mask design By determining if the mask is not worn, the mask design enables power to be saved. In particular, if the fan speed is not modulated by the user's breathing, it indicates that the mask is not worn. The fan may be turned off when it is detected that the mask is not worn.
  • the automatic control function implemented by the controller may for example be to detect the breathing cycles of a user based on detecting changes in fan speed over time.
  • the fan is able to be controlled based on the user's breathing pattern.
  • an outlet valve may be controlled in dependence on the phase of the respiration cycle, or the fan may be turned off during an inhalation time. This may be used to save power. Shutting down the fan during inhalation may be desirable for a user who does not have difficulty breathing through the filter, to save power if configured in such a way.
  • the controller may be adapted to detect a breathing frequency of a user based on detecting a changes in fan speed over time and control the fan in dependence on the breathing frequency.
  • the fan speed may for example be increased if the user is breathing more rapidly, which may indicate that the user is exercising.
  • the mask may further comprise a filter which forms a boundary directly between the air chamber and the ambient surroundings outside the air chamber. The user thus breathes through the filter.
  • the filter may comprise an outer wall of the air chamber.
  • the filter forms a boundary directly between the air chamber and the ambient surroundings outside the air chamber. This provides a compact arrangement which avoids the need for flow transport passageways. It means the user is able to breathe in through the filter.
  • the filter may have multiple layers. For example, an outer layer may form the body of the mask (for example a fabric layer), and an inner layer may be for removing finer pollutants. The inner layer may then be removable for cleaning or replacement, but both layers may together be considered to constitute the filter, in that air is able to pass through the structure and the structure performs a filtering function.
  • the filter thus preferably comprises an outer wall of the air chamber and optionally one or more further filter layers. This provides a particularly compact arrangement and enables a large filter area, because the mask body performs the filtering function. The ambient air is thus provided directly to the user, when the user breathes in, through the filter.
  • the mask may further comprise an outlet valve for controllably venting the air chamber to the outside, or an inlet valve to introduce air from outside into the air chamber, wherein the valve comprises a passive pressure-regulated check valve or an actively driven electrically controllable valve.
  • inhalation by closing the valve (actively or passively), it is prevented that unfiltered air is drawn in.
  • exhalation the valve is opened so that breathed out air is expelled.
  • the optical sensor may comprise:
  • optical sensor there are different options for the optical sensor.
  • the invention also provides a non-therapeutic method of controlling a pollution mask, comprising:
  • the method may comprise:
  • the method may comprise:
  • the invention also provides a computer program which comprises computer program code means which is adapted, when said program is run on a computer, to implement the method defined above.
  • the invention provides an active fan-assisted pollution mask which makes use of an optical sensor for detecting rotation of the fan and, during fan rotation, the speed of rotation. Breathing cycle detection and/or an automatic turn on and/or turn off function of the fan are implemented based on the analysis of the optical sensor signal.
  • the use of an optical sensor provides a low cost and compact way to implement an automatic control function. It avoids the need for any particular fan design, since the detection is based on optical analysis of the fan rotation rather than analysis of electrical fan signals.
  • the automatic control function is thus based on detecting respiration characteristics of the user from an optical analysis of the fan rotation. These respiration characteristics for example include whether or not the user is breathing into the mask, and/or the timing of their inhalation and exhalation.
  • Figure 1 shows a face mask in which fan rotation may be detected.
  • a subject 10 is shown wearing a face mask 12 which covers the nose and mouth of the subject.
  • the purpose of the mask is to filter air before it is breathed in the subject.
  • the mask body itself acts as an air filter 16. Air is drawn in to an air chamber 18 formed by the mask by inhalation.
  • an outlet valve 22 such as a check valve is closed due to the low pressure in the air chamber 18.
  • the filter 16 may be formed only by the body of the mask, or else there may be multiple layers.
  • the mask body may comprise an external cover formed from a porous textile material, which functions as a pre-filter. Inside the external cover, a finer filter layer is reversibly attached to the external cover. The finer filter layer may then be removed for cleaning and replacement, whereas the external cover may for example be cleaned by wiping.
  • the external cover also performs a filtering function, for example protecting the finer filter from large debris (e.g. mud), whereas the finer filter performs the filtering of fine particulate matter.
  • the outlet valve 22 when the subject breathes out, air is exhausted through the outlet valve 22.
  • This valve is opened to enable easy exhalation, but is closed during inhalation.
  • a fan 20 assists in the removal of air through the outlet valve 22.
  • more air is removed than exhaled so that additional air is supplied to the face. This increases comfort due to lowering relative humidity and cooling.
  • By closing the valve it is prevented that unfiltered air is drawn in.
  • the timing of the outlet valve 22 is thus dependent on the breathing cycle of the subject.
  • the outlet valve may be a simple passive check valve operated by the pressure difference across the filter 16. However, it may instead be an electronically controlled valve.
  • the pressure inside the closed chamber when the mask is worn will vary as a function of the breathing cycle of the subject. When the subject breathes out, there will be a slight pressure increase and when the subject breathes in there will be a slight pressure reduction.
  • the different prevailing pressure will manifest itself as a different load to the fan, since there is a different pressure drop across the fan. This altered load will then result in a different fan speed.
  • the invention makes use of optical detection of the rotation speed of the fan.
  • An optical sensor 24 is provided for detecting rotation of the fan and, during fan rotation, to detect the speed of rotation.
  • FIG 2 shows one example of the components of the system.
  • the same components as in Figure 1 are given the same reference numbers.
  • Figure 2 shows a controller 30 and a local battery 32 and it also shows that the optical sensor 24 comprises a light source 24a and a light detector 24b.
  • the fan 20 comprises a set of fan blades 20a and a fan motor 20b.
  • the fan motor 20b is an electronically commutated brushless motor.
  • the optical sensor 24 comprises a light source 24a on one side of the fan blades and a light detector on the opposite side of the fan blades. Thus, light reaches the detector when a gap between fan blades is present, and light is blocked when a fan blade is in the space.
  • Figure 3 shows a typical waveform of the optical sensor signal, as light intensity versus time.
  • the peaks of light intensity correspond to the light passing through the gaps between the fan blades, and the troughs correspond to the light being blocked by the fan blades.
  • the time period T is representative of the fan speed.
  • the fan speed can be monitored. This in turn enables the fan load to be monitored, which differs as between inhaling and exhaling when the mask is worn, whereas it will be more constant when the mask is not worn.
  • the rotation speed of the fan will be increased due to the exhaled air flow, resulting a higher frequency.
  • the rotation speed of the fan will be decreased (compared to exhalation).
  • Figure 4 shows various possible light intensity patterns.
  • Figure 4(A) shows a fully off state in which the light sensor is turned off and there is no light sensor signal.
  • Figure 4(B) shows the light intensity during inhalation.
  • Figure 4(C) shows the light intensity during exhalation, giving a faster fan speed compared to inhalation (for the example of an exhalation fan).
  • Figure 4(D) shows how the frequency (corresponding to the inverse of the time period T in Figure 3 ) varies over time during normal breath.
  • the invention makes use of the fan speed information to provide automatic fan control.
  • the most basic function is an automatic turn-on function or an automatic turn off function.
  • automatic adjustment of the fan rotation may be implemented according to the breathing pattern (i.e. inhalation and exhalation).
  • on-demand air flow delivery may be implemented according to the user activity, e.g., sitting, walking, running, bicycling.
  • FIG. 5 is used to explain the automatic turn on function.
  • the user wears the mask from time t1.
  • the user may for example be required to blow into the fan to start the fan rotation to be detected.
  • the optical sensor periodically performs a measurement so at time t2 the fan rotation is detected.
  • the fan is then turned on and continues without the user needing to blow into the fan.
  • the automatic turn on function of the fan is thus based on detecting fan rotation caused by a user's breath while the fan is not activated (before time t1) and there may be a discontinuous optical sensing mode when the fan is turned off.
  • the discontinuous sensing mode provides power saving and is present during off or standby states.
  • the sensor is for example woken up every several seconds, e.g., 2 seconds, 4 seconds or even longer.
  • FIG. 6 is used to explain the automatic turn off function.
  • the fan rotation speed follows a cycle which depends on the user's breathing pattern, so that there is a maximum frequency f max and a minimum frequency f min .
  • the user takes off the mask at time t1.
  • the fan is still driven, but the modulation of the fan speed caused by the breathing of the user is no longer present. This change is detected and the fan is turned off.
  • a period of fan rotation is recorded, such as 4 seconds, or 8 seconds and the frequency is calculated during this period.
  • the maximum and minimum frequencies f max and f min are determined during this period.
  • a difference value f max - f min may then be compared with a threshold f threshold which is pre-determined based on real tests.
  • optical sensing may be used to detect the respiration cycle, i.e. inhalation and exhalation timing.
  • the respiration cycle timing information may then be used to control the outlet valve 22 in dependence on the phase of the respiration cycle.
  • the controller may turn off the fan during an inhalation time or an exhalation time.
  • the fan speed may also be used to monitor activity levels of the user. For example, when the frequency of the light intensity pattern increases, and reaches a certain value, it may be determined that the user is performing high intensity activities.
  • the fan rotation speed may be increased to assist the user's breathing further.
  • the light source of the optical sensor may take any suitable form.
  • One example is that an existing light output indicator may be used so that there is no extra component cost. Small low cost photodetectors are also available.
  • Figure 2 shows the light source and detector on opposite sides of the fan but a reflective fan blade, or reflecting pad applied to the fan blade, may be used so that the light source and detector may be on the same side, to give a more compact arrangement.
  • a light guide may be used to transfer light from a light source (which may for example be mounted on the top of a PCB) to the region of the fan blades.
  • the light detector may then either detect light directly or detect reflected light.
  • the light guide may deliver light in a radial inward direction from the radial outer side of the fan blades, and the fan blades may then reflect that radial light to the detector, which is for example on the bottom side of the PCB).
  • the light source may have other functions, such as an ON indicator light, and the light guide simply taps off some of the output light for use as the sensing light.
  • the fan is typically a centrifugal or axial fan.
  • Figure 7 shows a mask operating method, comprising:
  • the method may also comprise:
  • the invention may be applied to many different mask designs, with fan-assisted inhalation or exhalation, and with an air chamber formed by a filter membrane or with a sealed hermetic air chamber.
  • the fan only for drawing air from inside the air chamber to the outside, for example when an exhaust valve is open.
  • the pressure inside the mask volume may be maintained by the fan below the external atmospheric pressure so that there is a net flow of clean filtered air into the mask volume during exhalation.
  • low pressure may be caused by the fan by during exhalation and by the user during inhalation (when the fan may be turned off).
  • An alternative option is the use of the fan only for drawing air from the ambient surroundings to inside the air chamber.
  • the fan operates to increase the pressure in the air chamber, but the maximum pressure in the air chamber in use remains below 4 cmH 2 O higher than the pressure outside the air chamber, in particular because no high pressure assisted breathing is intended.
  • a low power fan may be used.
  • the pressure inside the air chamber preferably remains below 2 cmH 2 O, or even below 1 cmH 2 O or even below 0.5 cmH 2 O, above the external atmospheric pressure.
  • the pollution mask is thus not for use in providing a continuous positive airway pressure, and is not a mask for delivering therapy to a patient.
  • the mask is preferably battery operated so the low power operation is of particular interest.
  • controller which can be implemented in numerous ways, with software and/or hardware, to perform the various functions required.
  • a processor is one example of a controller which employs one or more microprocessors that may be programmed using software (e.g., microcode) to perform the required functions.
  • a controller may however be implemented with or without employing a processor, and also may be implemented as a combination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuitry) to perform other functions.
  • controller components that may be employed in various embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, conventional microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • FPGAs field-programmable gate arrays
  • a processor or controller may be associated with one or more storage media such as volatile and non-volatile computer memory such as RAM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
  • the storage media may be encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more processors and/or controllers, perform the required functions.
  • Various storage media may be fixed within a processor or controller or may be transportable, such that the one or more programs stored thereon can be loaded into a processor or controller.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Un masque anti-pollution comprenant:
    une chambre à air (18);
    un ventilateur (20) pour aspirer l'air de l'extérieur de la chambre à air (18) dans la chambre à air et/ou aspirer l'air de l'intérieur de la chambre à air vers l'extérieur;
    un capteur optique (24) pour détecter la rotation du ventilateur et, pendant la rotation du ventilateur, pour détecter la vitesse de rotation; et
    un contrôleur (30) caractérisé en ce que le contrôleur est adapté, sur la base d'une analyse du signal du capteur optique, pour:
    mettre en oeuvre une fonction de mise en marche et/ou d'arrêt automatique du ventilateur;
    et/ou détecter les cycles de respiration d'un utilisateur.
  2. Masque selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le contrôleur (30) est adapté pour mettre en oeuvre une fonction de mise en marche automatique du ventilateur basée sur la détection de la rotation du ventilateur provoquée par la respiration d'un utilisateur alors que le ventilateur n'est pas activé.
  3. Masque selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le contrôleur (30) est adapté pour fonctionner dans un mode de détection optique discontinu lorsque le ventilateur est éteint.
  4. A Masque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le contrôleur (30) est adapté pour mettre en œuvre une fonction d'arrêt automatique du ventilateur basée sur la détection d'une vitesse uniforme du ventilateur.
  5. Masque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le contrôleur (30) est adapté pour détecter les cycles respiratoires d'un utilisateur sur la base de la détection des changements de la vitesse du ventilateur dans le temps.
  6. Masque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le contrôleur (30) est adapté pour détecter une fréquence de respiration d'un utilisateur sur la base de la détection d'une variation de la vitesse du ventilateur dans le temps et pour commander le ventilateur en fonction de la fréquence de respiration.
  7. Masque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, comprenant en outre un filtre (16) qui forme une frontière directement entre la chambre à air et l'environnement ambiant à l'extérieur de la chambre à air.
  8. Masque selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le filtre comprend une paroi extérieure (16) de la chambre à air.
  9. Masque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel le ventilateur (20) sert soit à aspirer l'air de l'intérieur de la chambre à air vers l'extérieur, soit à introduire l'air de l'extérieur à l'intérieur de la chambre à air.
  10. Masque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant en outre une soupape (22) pour ventiler de manière contrôlable la chambre à air (18) vers l'extérieur ou introduire de l'air de l'extérieur dans la chambre à air, dans lequel la soupape (22) comprend un clapet anti-retour passif régulé par la pression ou une soupape commandable électriquement et commandée activement.
  11. Masque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel le capteur optique (24) comprend: une source de lumière (24a) et un détecteur de lumière (24b), sur des côtés opposés du ventilateur; ou une source de lumière (24a) et un détecteur de lumière (24b) sur un côté du ventilateur, et un réflecteur sur le ventilateur.
  12. Procédé non thérapeutique de contrôle d'un masque anti-pollution, comprenant: (70) l'aspiration d'air de l'extérieur d'une chambre à air (18) dans la chambre à air et/ou l'aspiration d'air de l'intérieur de la chambre à air vers l'extérieur en utilisant un ventilateur; (72) l'utilisation d'un capteur optique pour détecter la rotation du ventilateur et, pendant la rotation, détecter la vitesse de rotation; et, sur la base d'une analyse de la rotation détectée: (74) mettre en oeuvre une fonction de mise en marche et/ou d'arrêt automatique du ventilateur et/ou (76) détecter les cycles respiratoires d'un utilisateur.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, comprenant: la mise en oeuvre d'une fonction de mise en marche automatique du ventilateur en détectant la rotation du ventilateur provoquée par la respiration d'un utilisateur alors que le ventilateur n'est pas activé; et/ou la mise en oeuvre d'une fonction d'arrêt automatique du ventilateur en détectant une vitesse uniforme du ventilateur.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12 ou 13, comprenant: (76) la détection des cycles de respiration d'un utilisateur sur la base de la détection des changements de la vitesse du ventilateur dans le temps et/ou (78) la détection d'une fréquence de respiration d'un utilisateur sur la base de la détection des changements de la vitesse du ventilateur dans le temps et la commande du ventilateur en fonction de la fréquence de respiration.
  15. Un programme d'ordinateur comprend un moyen de code de programme d'ordinateur qui est adapté, lorsque ledit programme est exécuté sur un contrôleur d'un masque selon les revendications 1-11, pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé de l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 14.
EP19769803.8A 2018-09-26 2019-09-19 Masque de pollution et procédé de commande Active EP3856359B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2018107705 2018-09-26
EP18214381.8A EP3669948A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Masque de pollution et procédé de commande
PCT/EP2019/075098 WO2020064476A1 (fr) 2018-09-26 2019-09-19 Masque anti-pollution et procédé de commande

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3856359A1 EP3856359A1 (fr) 2021-08-04
EP3856359B1 true EP3856359B1 (fr) 2022-06-15

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JP (1) JP6944088B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112770814B (fr)
WO (1) WO2020064476A1 (fr)

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CN100469397C (zh) * 2007-06-25 2009-03-18 朱伟 间歇式送风睡眠呼吸障碍治疗仪及间歇送风的控制方法
CN201461478U (zh) * 2009-06-10 2010-05-12 英业达科技有限公司 风扇装置
CN103189089A (zh) * 2010-09-07 2013-07-03 耐斯特科技有限公司 用于防毒面具筒及罐的剩余使用寿命指示
WO2012094230A2 (fr) * 2011-01-03 2012-07-12 Somnetics Global Pte. Ltd. Appareil de traitement par pression positive expiratoire et procédés
WO2013039153A1 (fr) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 Outil de protection respiratoire équipé d'un ventilateur électrique
JP6124733B2 (ja) * 2013-08-19 2017-05-10 株式会社重松製作所 呼吸装置
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WO2016080094A1 (fr) * 2014-11-21 2016-05-26 三菱電機株式会社 Epurateur d'air
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CN206542951U (zh) * 2017-03-10 2017-10-10 马文清 辅助进出气防雾霾口罩

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Publication number Publication date
JP6944088B1 (ja) 2021-10-06
JP2021529269A (ja) 2021-10-28
CN112770814B (zh) 2023-06-09
WO2020064476A1 (fr) 2020-04-02
CN112770814A (zh) 2021-05-07
EP3856359A1 (fr) 2021-08-04

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