EP3845705A1 - Interleaving paper for glass and production method therefor - Google Patents
Interleaving paper for glass and production method therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3845705A1 EP3845705A1 EP19855412.3A EP19855412A EP3845705A1 EP 3845705 A1 EP3845705 A1 EP 3845705A1 EP 19855412 A EP19855412 A EP 19855412A EP 3845705 A1 EP3845705 A1 EP 3845705A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- interleaving paper
- glass
- sodium
- pulp
- chemical pulp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 93
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010040954 Skin wrinkling Diseases 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013055 pulp slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001265525 Edgeworthia chrysantha Species 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010446 mirabilite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013053 water resistant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D57/00—Internal frames or supports for flexible articles, e.g. stiffeners; Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. for preventing adhesion of sticky articles
- B65D57/002—Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. stacked or nested
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/30—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure
- B65D85/48—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for glass sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to glass interleaving paper inserted between glass plates, and a method of producing the same.
- glass substrates are often transported in layers for the purpose of improving transport efficiency.
- the contact pressure between the glass interleaving paper and the glass substrates increases, which as a result increases the probability that trace components, foreign matter, and the like in the glass interleaving paper affect the glass substrates to cause contamination or defects therein.
- a higher degree of clarity is required on the surfaces of the glass substrates. Under these circumstances, the quality requirements for glass interleaving paper are becoming increasingly higher.
- Discoloration is a phenomenon in which the surface looks white and cloudy because, for example, soluble components such as sodium ions in the glass substrate and hydrogen ions derived from water and the like undergo an ion exchange reaction to erode and damage the surface of the glass substrate, or the eluted components react with an acid gas such as carbon dioxide in the air to precipitate a reaction product.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses glass plate interleaving paper containing zeolite as glass plate interleaving paper that suppresses the development of discoloration of the glass plate and does not cause water repellency or paper mark adhesion of the glass plate.
- Patent Literature 1 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Hei 7-41034
- Patent Literature 1 the method for blending zeolite described in Patent Literature 1 has not always had a sufficient effect on discoloration.
- an object of the present invention is to provide glass interleaving paper capable of reducing the development of discoloration of a glass plate, and a method of producing the same.
- the present inventor has examined the influence of metal ions on the development of discoloration, and have found that glass interleaving paper with a relatively high sodium content reduces the development of discoloration, and that when hardwood pulp is blended, discoloration tends to be less likely to develop as compared with the case where hardwood pulp is not blended.
- the present invention has been made based on these findings. Specifically, the present invention has the following configuration.
- glass interleaving paper of the present invention it is possible to reduce the development of discoloration of the glass plate.
- the method of producing glass interleaving paper of the present invention the glass interleaving paper can be produced.
- the glass interleaving paper of the present embodiment contains chemical pulp as a main component and sodium. Each component is described below.
- the glass interleaving paper of the present embodiment contains chemical pulp as a main component.
- the phrase contains chemical pulp as a main component means that the chemical pulp exceeds 50% by mass based on the mass of the interleaving paper.
- the chemical pulp is preferably 70% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more, based on the mass of the interleaving paper.
- the chemical pulp is a cellulose pulp produced through a chemical process, and examples thereof include kraft pulp (KP), sulfite pulp (SP), and soda pulp (AP).
- Chemical pulp (wood pulp) made from wood includes softwood pulp and hardwood pulp.
- the present inventor has found that when hardwood pulp is blended as chemical pulp, discoloration tends to be less likely to develop as compared with the case where hardwood pulp is not blended.
- the reason why discoloration is less likely to develop when hardwood pulp is blended is considered as follows. Suppose glass plates and interleaving paper are stacked and stored. When the interleaving paper absorbs moisture and stretches due to the influence of a high humidity environment such as summer, wrinkles are formed, a gap is produced between the glass plate and the interleaving paper, and high humidity air comes into direct contact with the glass plate. High humidity air tends to develop discoloration, which is described later.
- the ratio of hardwood pulp to the chemical pulp is set to 10% by mass or more in order to reduce the amount of discoloration developed.
- the ratio of hardwood pulp to chemical pulp is preferably 40% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more.
- wood pulp kraft pulp (KP) having a low content of a sticky natural resin derived from wood is suitable.
- chemical pulp that is not made from wood include non-wood fiber pulp made from mulberry, oriental paperbush, hemp, kenaf, and the like.
- pulp other than chemical pulp examples include semi-chemical pulp such as semi-chemical pulp (SCP) and chemigroundwood pulp (CGP) ; and mechanical pulp such as ground pulp (GP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP, BCTMP), and refiner groundwood pulp (RGP).
- SCP semi-chemical pulp
- CGP chemigroundwood pulp
- RGP refiner groundwood pulp
- the glass interleaving paper of the present embodiment may be one or a mixture of two or more types of pulp other chemical pulp.
- virgin pulp is preferable rather than used paper pulp as a pulp raw material for interleaving paper.
- the beating degree of the chemical pulp is preferably 200 to 700 mlcsf.
- the beating degree is the Canadian standard freeness according to JIS P8121.
- the beating degree of the chemical pulp is more preferably 350 to 600 mlcsf.
- a known method can be used.
- the following two mechanisms have been considered as the mechanism of the discoloration of glass plates .
- a trace amount of sodium ions in the glass dissolve into water, sodium hydroxide is generated on the surface of the glass plate, the surface of the glass plate is eroded and roughened, and the glass plate becomes cloudy.
- sodium ions react with carbon dioxide in the air to generate sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate, which adhere to the surface of the glass plate and make the glass plate cloudy.
- the white turbidity of the glass plate can be confirmed by using a fluorescent lamp having a general brightness.
- a type of minute (micro) discoloration different from the above-mentioned conventional discoloration in a glass substrate for a touch panel or the like.
- This minute discoloration cannot be seen unless it is inspected in a dark room using a high-brightness lamp.
- fine electronic members or the like are formed on the surface of the glass substrate. Therefore, even a minute discoloration that cannot be visually recognized unless it is inspected in a dark room using a high-brightness lamp is a problem because it causes defects such as disconnection, leading to a product defect.
- the present inventor has found that when the interleaving paper contains a predetermined amount of sodium, the above-mentioned minute discoloration tends to be less likely to develop. That is, the interleaving paper of the present embodiment has a sodium content of 0.03 to 1.0% by mass. When the sodium content is 0.03% by mass or more, the amount of discoloration developed can be reduced. On the other hand, when the sodium content exceeds 1.0% by mass, there is a concern that sodium salts may precipitate in the interleaving paper and contaminate the glass plate.
- the content of sodium in the interleaving paper is more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by mass.
- the sodium content in the interleaving paper can be specified by measuring the ash content of the interleaving paper and further measuring the sodium content in the ash content by fluorescent X-ray analysis .
- the cause is the ion exchange reaction between sodium in the glass and hydrogen ions in water. Then, it is considered that the minute discoloration is caused by the following mechanism.
- a soda glass plate is usually used as the glass substrate for a touch panel.
- the soda glass plate has a scratch-preventing protective film made of sulfate on the surface of the glass plate.
- the scratch-preventing protective film is formed by spraying sulfurous acid gas onto the surface of the glass plate during the production of the glass plate to react sodium in the glass plate with sulfurous acid gas, thereby generating sodium sulfate on the surface of the glass plate.
- sulfurous acid gas is sprayed, sodium in the glass plate bleeds (moves) near the surface, and thus the amount of sodium is deficient near the surface of the glass plate. It is presumed that this causes minute discoloration.
- the content of sodium in the interleaving paper when the content of sodium in the interleaving paper is high, it has the effect of suppressing the sodium ions in the glass plate from bleeding (moving) to the interleaving paper. Furthermore, it also has the effect of transferring the sodium ions in the interleaving paper to the sodium-deficient portion near the surface of the glass plate through the scratch-preventing protective film made of sodium sulfate. As a result, the abundance of sodium ions in the glass plate is stabilized, suppressing the ion exchange reaction between sodium ions and hydrogen ions in the interleaving paper or in water vapor in the air. It is presumed that this reduces the development of discoloration without increasing the abundance of hydrogen ions in the glass plate.
- first method including using sodium-containing water in at least one of a producing step of the chemical pulp and a papermaking step
- second method including adding a sodium-containing compound in at least one step of a producing step of the chemical pulp, a papermaking step, and a post-papermaking step.
- the sodium-containing water is a component generally contained in water. So-called soft water has a relatively low sodium content, and hard water contains a relatively large amount of sodium.
- the hardness of the sodium-containing water is preferably 70 to 500 (mg/l), and more preferably 120 to 400 (mg/l).
- the electrical conductivity of water is preferably 14 to 100 mS/m, and more preferably 24 to 33 mS/m.
- the sodium-containing water may be used in both the producing step of the chemical pulp and the papermaking step, or may be used in either step.
- the carboxy groups contained therein can form salts with metal ions to retain sodium inside.
- the paper is produced by drying wet paper, a certain amount of sodium in the water can be retained.
- Examples of the second method include a method (internal addition method) that adds a sodium-containing compound to the raw materials in at least one step of the producing step of the chemical pulp and the papermaking step, a method (watering method) that uses water in which a sodium-containing compound is dissolved and dispersed in at least one step of the producing step of the chemical pulp and the papermaking step, a method (coating method) that coats the surface of the interleaving paper with an aqueous solution in which a sodium-containing compound is dissolved and dispersed in the post-papermaking step, and the like.
- a coating method capable of containing sodium more efficiently is preferable.
- sodium sulfate (Glauber's salt, Na 2 SO 4 ) is preferable as the sodium-containing compound.
- Sodium sulfate may be used as a raw material for glass.
- the amount of sodium sulfate added to the interleaving paper is preferably 0.03 to 1.5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 0.6% by mass. If the amount of sodium sulfate added exceeds 1.5% by mass, sodium sulfate particles may precipitate on the surface of the glass plate, causing a problem.
- papermaking chemicals used for papermaking of the interleaving paper various known chemicals can be used as long as the glass surface is not contaminated.
- papermaking chemicals include paper strength enhancers such as polyacrylamide, water resistant agents such as polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin, softeners, antistatic agents, defoamers, slime control agents, fillers, and dyes. Since all of these papermaking chemicals have a risk of contaminating the glass plate, it is preferable that the total amount is 0.1% by mass or less even when added.
- the method of producing the interleaving paper is not particularly limited, and the papermaking it possible by selecting appropriate papermaking conditions using various papermaking machines.
- Specific examples of the papermaking machine include a Fourdrinier former, a twin wire former, a cylinder former, and an inclined former.
- the layer structure of the interleaving paper may be a single layer or multi-layer structure.
- the above-mentioned first method or second method can be used as a method of controlling the sodium content in the interleaving paper to 0.03 to 1.0% by mass.
- the basis weight of the interleaving paper is small because the mass during transportation is small, but if it is too small, sufficient cushioning cannot be imparted to the glass plate.
- the basis weight of the interleaving paper is large to some extent in terms of cushioning, but if it is too large, the mass during transportation becomes large, which is not preferable.
- the basis weight of the interleaving paper is 10 to 300 g/m 2 .
- the more preferable basis weight of the interleaving paper is 30 to 80 g/m 2 .
- the thickness of the interleaving paper is preferably 25 to 250 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of cushioning and workability.
- the density of the interleaving paper is preferably 0.4 to 1.2 g/cm 3 .
- the pH (JIS P 8133-2) of the interleaving paper is preferably neutral.
- the interleaving paper of the present embodiment is suitably used for protecting the glass substrate in the case of stacking, storing, and transporting multiple glass substrates for a flat panel display such as a glass substrate for a touch panel, a liquid crystal display, an organic electroluminescence display, and a plasma display.
- a flat panel display such as a glass substrate for a touch panel, a liquid crystal display, an organic electroluminescence display, and a plasma display.
- the present invention is described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the numerical value indicating the composition is a numerical value (% by mass) based on the mass of the solid content or active ingredients .
- the paper made was processed according to JIS P8111 and then subjected to measurement and evaluation test.
- the electric conductivity of the water was measured using a portable electric conductivity meter ES-51 manufactured by HORIBA in accordance with JIS K 0130: 2008.
- Paper was made with a Fourdrinier paper machine using water with an electrical conductivity of 25 mS/m without adding papermaking chemicals and using a virgin pulp slurry (beating degree 450 mlcsf) having 80% of commercially available LBKP (hardwood bleached kraft pulp) and 20% of commercially available NBKP (softwood bleached kraft pulp) as the raw material pulp. After the papermaking, it was dried to obtain glass interleaving paper having a basis weight of 40 g/m 2 . The sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.05%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for applying a sodium sulfate solution with a size press so that the amount of sodium sulfate added to the interleaving paper was 0.3% using water with an electrical conductivity of 3 mS/m.
- the sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.10%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amount of sodium sulfate added to the interleaving paper was 0.5%. The sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.18%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except for using a virgin pulp slurry (beating degree 450 mlcsf) having 40% of commercially available LBKP (hardwood bleached kraft pulp) and 60% of commercially available NBKP (softwood bleached kraft pulp) as the raw material pulp.
- the sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.18%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that sodium sulfate was not added.
- the sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.01%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except for using a virgin pulp slurry (beating degree 450 mlcsf) having 100% of commercially available NBKP (softwood bleached kraft pulp) as the raw material pulp.
- the sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.18%.
- the evaluation details of the obtained glass interleaving paper are as follows.
- the ash content of the glass interleaving paper was determined according to JIS P8251.
- the sodium content (% by mass) in the obtained ash content was obtained from the measured value of the mass concentration using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (JSX-3600M, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.).
- a 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm touch panel glass plate was placed on a 210 mm ⁇ 210 mm glass interleaving paper, and three sets of this combination were alternately stacked, and then a weight of 1 kg was placed thereon to apply pressure, which was allowed to stand in an environment of a temperature of 50°C and a humidity of 90% RH for 4 days to prepare a sample.
- the discoloration of the glass plate was evaluated according to the following criteria. A was judged to be acceptable.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the glass interleaving papers of Examples 1 to 4 were excellent in terms of discoloration of the glass plate.
- the glass interleaving papers of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were inferior in terms of discoloration of the glass plate.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Packaging Frangible Articles (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to glass interleaving paper inserted between glass plates, and a method of producing the same.
- In recent years, due to the versatility of glass plates, quality requirements for glass interleaving paper have become stricter. For example, in a glass substrate used for a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display or a touch panel, fine electronic members and the like are formed on the surface of the glass substrate. For this reason, a slight scratch or contamination on the surface causes defects such as disconnection, leading to a product defect. Therefore, the surface of a glass substrate is required to have a high degree of clarity.
- With the increase in size and mass production of glass substrates, glass substrates are often transported in layers for the purpose of improving transport efficiency. When glass substrates are stacked, the contact pressure between the glass interleaving paper and the glass substrates increases, which as a result increases the probability that trace components, foreign matter, and the like in the glass interleaving paper affect the glass substrates to cause contamination or defects therein. Meanwhile, with the highly precise processing on glass substrates, a higher degree of clarity is required on the surfaces of the glass substrates. Under these circumstances, the quality requirements for glass interleaving paper are becoming increasingly higher.
- There are several possible causes for contamination of the glass substrate surface. Soda glass used in a glass substrate for a touch panel has a problem that if the contact period between the glass interleaving paper and the surface of the glass substrate is long, a paper surface pattern or discoloration is likely to develop on the surface of the glass substrate. Discoloration is a phenomenon in which the surface looks white and cloudy because, for example, soluble components such as sodium ions in the glass substrate and hydrogen ions derived from water and the like undergo an ion exchange reaction to erode and damage the surface of the glass substrate, or the eluted components react with an acid gas such as carbon dioxide in the air to precipitate a reaction product.
- Various methods have been proposed to prevent such discoloration of the glass substrate surface. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses glass plate interleaving paper containing zeolite as glass plate interleaving paper that suppresses the development of discoloration of the glass plate and does not cause water repellency or paper mark adhesion of the glass plate.
- Patent Literature 1:
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Hei 7-41034 - However, the method for blending zeolite described in Patent Literature 1 has not always had a sufficient effect on discoloration.
- The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. Specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide glass interleaving paper capable of reducing the development of discoloration of a glass plate, and a method of producing the same.
- In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor has examined the influence of metal ions on the development of discoloration, and have found that glass interleaving paper with a relatively high sodium content reduces the development of discoloration, and that when hardwood pulp is blended, discoloration tends to be less likely to develop as compared with the case where hardwood pulp is not blended. The present invention has been made based on these findings. Specifically, the present invention has the following configuration.
- (1) Glass interleaving paper including: a main component of chemical pulp, with a sodium content of 0.03 to 1.0% by mass and a basis weight of 10 to 300 g/m2, wherein the chemical pulp contains hardwood pulp having a ratio of 10% by mass or more to the chemical pulp.
- (2) A method of producing the glass interleaving paper according to (1) described above, including: producing the chemical pulp, papermaking, and using sodium-containing water at least one of in the producing the chemical pulp and in the papermaking.
- (3) A method of producing the glass interleaving paper according to (1) described above, including: producing the chemical pulp, papermaking, and adding a sodium-containing compound at least one of in the producing the chemical pulp, the papermaking, and after the papermaking.
- (4) The method of producing glass interleaving paper according to (3) described above, wherein the sodium-containing compound is sodium sulfate.
- According to glass interleaving paper of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the development of discoloration of the glass plate. In addition, according to the method of producing glass interleaving paper of the present invention, the glass interleaving paper can be produced.
- Hereinafter, the present invention is specifically described. The embodiments shown below are examples, and the present invention is not construed as being limited to these embodiments.
- The glass interleaving paper of the present embodiment contains chemical pulp as a main component and sodium. Each component is described below.
- The glass interleaving paper of the present embodiment (hereinafter, also appropriately referred to as "interleaving paper") contains chemical pulp as a main component. Here, the phrase contains chemical pulp as a main component means that the chemical pulp exceeds 50% by mass based on the mass of the interleaving paper. The chemical pulp is preferably 70% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more, based on the mass of the interleaving paper. The chemical pulp is a cellulose pulp produced through a chemical process, and examples thereof include kraft pulp (KP), sulfite pulp (SP), and soda pulp (AP).
- Chemical pulp (wood pulp) made from wood includes softwood pulp and hardwood pulp. The present inventor has found that when hardwood pulp is blended as chemical pulp, discoloration tends to be less likely to develop as compared with the case where hardwood pulp is not blended. The reason why discoloration is less likely to develop when hardwood pulp is blended is considered as follows. Suppose glass plates and interleaving paper are stacked and stored. When the interleaving paper absorbs moisture and stretches due to the influence of a high humidity environment such as summer, wrinkles are formed, a gap is produced between the glass plate and the interleaving paper, and high humidity air comes into direct contact with the glass plate. High humidity air tends to develop discoloration, which is described later. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the development of discoloration by using paper that hardly causes wrinkles even when it absorbs moisture. Since hardwood pulp has a shorter fiber length than that of softwood pulp, increasing the amount of hardwood pulp can improve the texture of the paper to suppress the development of wrinkles due to moisture absorption, and prevent the production of gaps between the glass plate and the interleaving paper to reduce the amount of discoloration developed.
- Specifically, in the interleaving paper of the present embodiment, the ratio of hardwood pulp to the chemical pulp is set to 10% by mass or more in order to reduce the amount of discoloration developed. The ratio of hardwood pulp to chemical pulp is preferably 40% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more.
- Furthermore, as the wood pulp, kraft pulp (KP) having a low content of a sticky natural resin derived from wood is suitable. Examples of chemical pulp that is not made from wood include non-wood fiber pulp made from mulberry, oriental paperbush, hemp, kenaf, and the like.
- Examples of pulp other than chemical pulp include semi-chemical pulp such as semi-chemical pulp (SCP) and chemigroundwood pulp (CGP) ; and mechanical pulp such as ground pulp (GP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP, BCTMP), and refiner groundwood pulp (RGP). The glass interleaving paper of the present embodiment may be one or a mixture of two or more types of pulp other chemical pulp.
- Since used paper pulp generally contains a large amount of sticky foreign matter, impurities, and resin, virgin pulp is preferable rather than used paper pulp as a pulp raw material for interleaving paper.
- The beating degree of the chemical pulp is preferably 200 to 700 mlcsf. Here, the beating degree is the Canadian standard freeness according to JIS P8121. By setting the beating degree of the chemical pulp in the range of 200 to 700 mlcsf, it is possible to obtain the mechanical strength and workability required for the interleaving paper. When the beating degree of the chemical pulp is less than 200 mlcsf, the density of the interleaving paper tends to be high and the cushioning property tends to be low, so that the glass surface may be easily scratched. On the other hand, when the beating degree of the chemical pulp is higher than 700 mlcsf, the paper strength is weakened, and thus there is a risk of breakage in the distribution process or producing process. The beating degree of the chemical pulp is more preferably 350 to 600 mlcsf. As for the method of beating the pulp, a known method can be used.
- Conventionally, the following two mechanisms have been considered as the mechanism of the discoloration of glass plates . Specifically, when water droplets adhere to the surface of a glass plate, a trace amount of sodium ions in the glass dissolve into water, sodium hydroxide is generated on the surface of the glass plate, the surface of the glass plate is eroded and roughened, and the glass plate becomes cloudy. In addition, when the water droplets on the surface of the glass plate evaporate, sodium ions react with carbon dioxide in the air to generate sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate, which adhere to the surface of the glass plate and make the glass plate cloudy.
- In the case of the above-mentioned conventional discoloration, the white turbidity of the glass plate can be confirmed by using a fluorescent lamp having a general brightness. However, it has become clear that there is a type of minute (micro) discoloration different from the above-mentioned conventional discoloration in a glass substrate for a touch panel or the like. This minute discoloration cannot be seen unless it is inspected in a dark room using a high-brightness lamp. In a glass substrate or the like for a touch panel, fine electronic members or the like are formed on the surface of the glass substrate. Therefore, even a minute discoloration that cannot be visually recognized unless it is inspected in a dark room using a high-brightness lamp is a problem because it causes defects such as disconnection, leading to a product defect.
- The present inventor has found that when the interleaving paper contains a predetermined amount of sodium, the above-mentioned minute discoloration tends to be less likely to develop. That is, the interleaving paper of the present embodiment has a sodium content of 0.03 to 1.0% by mass. When the sodium content is 0.03% by mass or more, the amount of discoloration developed can be reduced. On the other hand, when the sodium content exceeds 1.0% by mass, there is a concern that sodium salts may precipitate in the interleaving paper and contaminate the glass plate. The content of sodium in the interleaving paper is more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by mass. The sodium content in the interleaving paper can be specified by measuring the ash content of the interleaving paper and further measuring the sodium content in the ash content by fluorescent X-ray analysis .
- Although it is necessary to wait for further research to clarify the cause and mechanism of the glass plate causing the above-mentioned minute discoloration, it is thought that the cause is the ion exchange reaction between sodium in the glass and hydrogen ions in water. Then, it is considered that the minute discoloration is caused by the following mechanism.
- A soda glass plate is usually used as the glass substrate for a touch panel. The soda glass plate has a scratch-preventing protective film made of sulfate on the surface of the glass plate. The scratch-preventing protective film is formed by spraying sulfurous acid gas onto the surface of the glass plate during the production of the glass plate to react sodium in the glass plate with sulfurous acid gas, thereby generating sodium sulfate on the surface of the glass plate. When sulfurous acid gas is sprayed, sodium in the glass plate bleeds (moves) near the surface, and thus the amount of sodium is deficient near the surface of the glass plate. It is presumed that this causes minute discoloration.
- However, when the content of sodium in the interleaving paper is high, it has the effect of suppressing the sodium ions in the glass plate from bleeding (moving) to the interleaving paper. Furthermore, it also has the effect of transferring the sodium ions in the interleaving paper to the sodium-deficient portion near the surface of the glass plate through the scratch-preventing protective film made of sodium sulfate. As a result, the abundance of sodium ions in the glass plate is stabilized, suppressing the ion exchange reaction between sodium ions and hydrogen ions in the interleaving paper or in water vapor in the air. It is presumed that this reduces the development of discoloration without increasing the abundance of hydrogen ions in the glass plate.
- As a method of controlling the content of sodium in the interleaving paper to 0.03 to 1.0% by mass, there are a method (first method) including using sodium-containing water in at least one of a producing step of the chemical pulp and a papermaking step, and a method (second method) including adding a sodium-containing compound in at least one step of a producing step of the chemical pulp, a papermaking step, and a post-papermaking step.
- In the first method, by appropriately controlling the sodium content in the water used in at least one step of the producing step of the chemical pulp and the papermaking step, it is possible to adjust the sodium content in the finally obtained interleaving paper. Sodium is a component generally contained in water. So-called soft water has a relatively low sodium content, and hard water contains a relatively large amount of sodium. The hardness of the sodium-containing water is preferably 70 to 500 (mg/l), and more preferably 120 to 400 (mg/l). In addition, the electrical conductivity of water is preferably 14 to 100 mS/m, and more preferably 24 to 33 mS/m. The sodium-containing water may be used in both the producing step of the chemical pulp and the papermaking step, or may be used in either step. When sodium is dissolved in the water used for the producing step of the chemical pulp or the papermaking step, in the chemical pulp, the carboxy groups contained therein can form salts with metal ions to retain sodium inside. In addition, since the paper is produced by drying wet paper, a certain amount of sodium in the water can be retained.
- Examples of the second method include a method (internal addition method) that adds a sodium-containing compound to the raw materials in at least one step of the producing step of the chemical pulp and the papermaking step, a method (watering method) that uses water in which a sodium-containing compound is dissolved and dispersed in at least one step of the producing step of the chemical pulp and the papermaking step, a method (coating method) that coats the surface of the interleaving paper with an aqueous solution in which a sodium-containing compound is dissolved and dispersed in the post-papermaking step, and the like. Among these, a coating method capable of containing sodium more efficiently is preferable.
- In the second method, sodium sulfate (Glauber's salt, Na2SO4) is preferable as the sodium-containing compound. Sodium sulfate may be used as a raw material for glass.
- The amount of sodium sulfate added to the interleaving paper is preferably 0.03 to 1.5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 0.6% by mass. If the amount of sodium sulfate added exceeds 1.5% by mass, sodium sulfate particles may precipitate on the surface of the glass plate, causing a problem.
- As described above, by specifying the ratio of hardwood pulp to chemical pulp and the content of sodium in the interleaving paper, it is possible to reduce the development of discoloration of the glass plate.
- As the papermaking chemicals used for papermaking of the interleaving paper, various known chemicals can be used as long as the glass surface is not contaminated. Examples of papermaking chemicals include paper strength enhancers such as polyacrylamide, water resistant agents such as polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin, softeners, antistatic agents, defoamers, slime control agents, fillers, and dyes. Since all of these papermaking chemicals have a risk of contaminating the glass plate, it is preferable that the total amount is 0.1% by mass or less even when added.
- The method of producing the interleaving paper is not particularly limited, and the papermaking it possible by selecting appropriate papermaking conditions using various papermaking machines. Specific examples of the papermaking machine include a Fourdrinier former, a twin wire former, a cylinder former, and an inclined former. The layer structure of the interleaving paper may be a single layer or multi-layer structure. As a method of controlling the sodium content in the interleaving paper to 0.03 to 1.0% by mass, the above-mentioned first method or second method can be used.
- It is preferable that the basis weight of the interleaving paper is small because the mass during transportation is small, but if it is too small, sufficient cushioning cannot be imparted to the glass plate. On the other hand, it is preferable that the basis weight of the interleaving paper is large to some extent in terms of cushioning, but if it is too large, the mass during transportation becomes large, which is not preferable. Considering the balance between cushioning and transportability as well as the applications, the basis weight of the interleaving paper is 10 to 300 g/m2. In addition, the more preferable basis weight of the interleaving paper is 30 to 80 g/m2.
- The thickness of the interleaving paper is preferably 25 to 250 µm from the viewpoint of cushioning and workability. In addition, the density of the interleaving paper is preferably 0.4 to 1.2 g/cm3.
- The pH (JIS P 8133-2) of the interleaving paper is preferably neutral.
- The interleaving paper of the present embodiment is suitably used for protecting the glass substrate in the case of stacking, storing, and transporting multiple glass substrates for a flat panel display such as a glass substrate for a touch panel, a liquid crystal display, an organic electroluminescence display, and a plasma display.
- Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Note that the numerical value indicating the composition is a numerical value (% by mass) based on the mass of the solid content or active ingredients . In addition, unless otherwise specified, the paper made was processed according to JIS P8111 and then subjected to measurement and evaluation test.
- The materials used in the Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.
- Leaf bleached kraft pulp (LBKP): commercially available leaf bleached kraft pulp
- Needle bleached kraft pulp (NBKP): commercially available needle bleached kraft pulp
- Sodium sulfate: Tosoh Corporation, anhydrous neutral sodium sulfate
- The electric conductivity of the water was measured using a portable electric conductivity meter ES-51 manufactured by HORIBA in accordance with JIS K 0130: 2008.
- Paper was made with a Fourdrinier paper machine using water with an electrical conductivity of 25 mS/m without adding papermaking chemicals and using a virgin pulp slurry (beating degree 450 mlcsf) having 80% of commercially available LBKP (hardwood bleached kraft pulp) and 20% of commercially available NBKP (softwood bleached kraft pulp) as the raw material pulp. After the papermaking, it was dried to obtain glass interleaving paper having a basis weight of 40 g/m2. The sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.05%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for applying a sodium sulfate solution with a size press so that the amount of sodium sulfate added to the interleaving paper was 0.3% using water with an electrical conductivity of 3 mS/m. The sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.10%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amount of sodium sulfate added to the interleaving paper was 0.5%. The sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.18%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except for using a virgin pulp slurry (beating degree 450 mlcsf) having 40% of commercially available LBKP (hardwood bleached kraft pulp) and 60% of commercially available NBKP (softwood bleached kraft pulp) as the raw material pulp. The sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.18%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that sodium sulfate was not added. The sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.01%.
- Glass interleaving paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except for using a virgin pulp slurry (beating degree 450 mlcsf) having 100% of commercially available NBKP (softwood bleached kraft pulp) as the raw material pulp. The sodium content of the obtained glass interleaving paper was 0.18%.
- The evaluation details of the obtained glass interleaving paper are as follows.
- The ash content of the glass interleaving paper was determined according to JIS P8251. The sodium content (% by mass) in the obtained ash content was obtained from the measured value of the mass concentration using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (JSX-3600M, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). The sodium content m (% by mass) in the glass interleaving paper was determined by the following formula (1)
- m: sodium content (% by mass)
- a: ash content (% by mass) of the glass interleaving paper
- b: sodium content in the ash content (% by mass)
- A 200 mm × 200 mm touch panel glass plate was placed on a 210 mm × 210 mm glass interleaving paper, and three sets of this combination were alternately stacked, and then a weight of 1 kg was placed thereon to apply pressure, which was allowed to stand in an environment of a temperature of 50°C and a humidity of 90% RH for 4 days to prepare a sample. After washing the surface of the glass plate with water and drying it, a high-brightness lamp was irradiated in a dark room to observe white turbidity on the surface of the glass plate (n = 3). The discoloration of the glass plate was evaluated according to the following criteria. A was judged to be acceptable.
- A:
- no cloudiness
- B:
- partly cloudy
- C:
- cloudy
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The glass interleaving papers of Examples 1 to 4 were excellent in terms of discoloration of the glass plate. On the other hand, the glass interleaving papers of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were inferior in terms of discoloration of the glass plate.
LBKP (%) | NBKP (%) | Electrical Conductivity of Water (mS/m) | Amount of Sodium Sulfate Added (% by Mass) | Sodium Content (% by Mass) | Evaluation of Discoloration | |
Example 1 | 80 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 0.05 | A |
Example 2 | 80 | 20 | 3 | 0.3 | 0.10 | A |
Example 3 | 80 | 20 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.18 | A |
Example 4 | 40 | 60 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.18 | A |
Comparative Example 1 | 80 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0.01 | C |
Comparative Example 2 | 0 | 100 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.18 | B |
Claims (4)
- Glass interleaving paper comprising:a main component of chemical pulp; anda sodium content of 0.03 to 1.0% by mass,wherein the glass interleaving paper has a basis weight of 10 to 300 g/m2, andthe chemical pulp contains hardwood pulp having a ratio of 10% by mass or more to the chemical pulp.
- A method of producing the glass interleaving paper according to claim 1, the method comprising:producing the chemical pulp;papermaking; andusing sodium-containing water at least one of in the producing the chemical pulp and in the papermaking.
- A method of producing the glass interleaving paper according to claim 1, the method comprising:producing the chemical pulp;papermaking; andadding a sodium-containing compound at least one of in the producing the chemical pulp, in the papermaking, and after the papermaking.
- The method of producing the glass interleaving paper according to claim 3, wherein the sodium-containing compound is sodium sulfate.
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