EP3837749A1 - Système d'alimentation électrique conçu pour un dispositif maritime comportant différentes zones reliées - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation électrique conçu pour un dispositif maritime comportant différentes zones reliées

Info

Publication number
EP3837749A1
EP3837749A1 EP19786474.7A EP19786474A EP3837749A1 EP 3837749 A1 EP3837749 A1 EP 3837749A1 EP 19786474 A EP19786474 A EP 19786474A EP 3837749 A1 EP3837749 A1 EP 3837749A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
bus
energy
supply system
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19786474.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Veiko Schulz
Wolfgang Voss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Siemens Energy AS
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Siemens Energy AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG, Siemens Energy AS filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3837749A1 publication Critical patent/EP3837749A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/002—Intermediate AC, e.g. DC supply with intermediated AC distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/084—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0034—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using reverse polarity correcting or protecting circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J2003/001—Driving of auxiliaries characterised by type of power supply, or power transmission, e.g. by using electric power or steam
    • B63J2003/002—Driving of auxiliaries characterised by type of power supply, or power transmission, e.g. by using electric power or steam by using electric power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy supply system for a water-bound device, in particular a floating device.
  • Floating facilities are, for example, ships, submarines, oil platforms and / or gas platforms. Examples of games for ships are cruise ships, frigates, container ships, aircraft carriers, icebreakers etc.
  • Floating devices are water-bound devices. Oil platforms or gas platforms that stand on the seabed are examples of water-bound facilities.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding method for operating this energy supply system.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device or a floating device has energy sources. If a floating device is mentioned below, this means a water-bound device and vice versa.
  • energy sources are a diesel generator, a fuel cell, a battery / accumulator, a flywheel, etc.
  • the diesel of the diesel generator can be operated, for example, with heavy oil ships diesel and / or LNG.
  • the energy supply system is intended, for example, to supply a drive to the floating device with electrical energy or to auxiliary companies or other consumers, such as air conditioning, lighting, automation systems, etc.
  • the energy supply system is particularly designed such that at least even if one energy source fails an emergency operation for the floating device can be made possible.
  • the power supply of a floating device has in particular an on-board electrical system.
  • the vehicle electrical system serves to supply electrical power to the floating device. If, for example, a floating device is able to hold its position, it has a large number of drives. These drives have, in particular, a propeller or a water jet (Waterj et). This drives to maintain the position of the ship in the water
  • this floating device has two or more drive systems in the rear area, e.g. two POD drives or two propellers with protruding from the ship's hull, the shafts, which are driven by an electric motor and / or by a diesel engine with a shaft generator, it is advantageous if they are independent of each other in the event of a fault in a drive electrical energy can be supplied.
  • an energy distribution on a ship is known.
  • This has a first medium voltage bus and a second medium voltage bus.
  • the second medium voltage bus has no direct connection to the first medium voltage bus.
  • the energy distribution has a first low-voltage AC bus, a first converter between the first medium-voltage bus and the first AG bus, in order to enable a power flow from the first medium-voltage bus to the first AC bus.
  • the energy distribution also has a second AC bus and a second converter between the second medium voltage bus and the second AC bus in order to enable a power flow from the second medium voltage bus to the second AC bus.
  • a device for distributing stored electrical energy on a ship is known from WO 2016/116595 A1, which also includes one or more AC consumers.
  • a DC network z is provided with a large number of electrical energy storage elements in order to to enable the supply of one or more AC consumers with stored electrical energy.
  • interrupter systems are provided in the DC circuit for switching off one or more electrical auxiliary energy.
  • Drive shaft has at least one speed-changeable Ge generator for generating a voltage with variable amplitude and variable frequency and at least one speed-variable drive motor supplied with this voltage.
  • the generator has, for example, a superconductor winding, in particular a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) winding.
  • HTS high-temperature superconductor
  • electrical energy is often required in different voltage levels and / or in different voltage forms (AC or DC).
  • primary energy from one or more internal combustion engines is made available, for example, and converted into electrical energy by means of one or more three-phase generators (asynchronous generator or synchronous generator).
  • the syn chron generator is, for example, a permanently excited syn chron generator. This electrical energy is generated in particular at the highest voltage levels available in the vehicle electrical system (supply network upper voltage level).
  • transformers and / or DC / DC converters are used, for example.
  • the transformers have a high weight and construction volume, losses of approx. 1% and the input and output frequency are always identical.
  • the total generator power generated is fed in via the upper voltage level and distributed to a skin energy bus.
  • the main power bus is used in many plants and.
  • AC networks is the frequency of a lower network equal to the frequency of the upper network.
  • the lower network differs from the upper network by the voltage, where the upper network has a higher voltage than the lower network.
  • an AC network with an AC energy bus to distribute the electrical energy can be disadvantageous if the frequency is variable in the upper voltage level. Variable frequencies are a particular consequence of variable-speed internal combustion engines.
  • several transformers are usually required. The energy is transmitted via the upper AC main power bus, i.e. via the upper voltage level. The energy can be distributed within a voltage level via a switchgear.
  • An AC switchgear is used to distribute AC.
  • the voltage level of the energy bus or the voltage level depend largely on the installed power.
  • the various consumers are fed and the voltage levels below are supplied with energy.
  • transformers are required in AC networks, which means that the voltage levels have the same frequency.
  • Transformers determines the ratio of the voltages.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device and in particular for a floating device, has a first DC voltage bus for a first DC voltage and a second DC voltage bus for a second DC voltage.
  • the first DC voltage bus is suitable or provided for a first DC voltage level
  • the second DC voltage bus is suitable or provided for a second DC voltage level.
  • the first DC voltage level is in particular higher than the second DC voltage level. The first DC voltage level thus corresponds to the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage level corresponds to the second
  • the DC voltage levels differ by a factor between 5 and 50. 1: 5 to 1:20 possible.
  • Floating device in particular a ship, which has an energy supply system in one of the described events.
  • Examples of a water-bound facility are: a ship (e.g. crusaders, container ships, feeder ships, support ships, crane ships, tankers, combat ships, landing craft, icebreakers etc.), a floating platform, a platform firmly anchored in the seabed, etc.
  • a ship e.g. crusaders, container ships, feeder ships, support ships, crane ships, tankers, combat ships, landing craft, icebreakers etc.
  • a floating platform e.g. crusaders, container ships, feeder ships, support ships, crane ships, tankers, combat ships, landing craft, icebreakers etc.
  • a floating platform e.g. crusaders, container ships, feeder ships, support ships, crane ships, tankers, combat ships, landing craft, icebreakers etc.
  • the floating or water-bound device and / or the energy supply system has a first zone and a second zone.
  • a floating device should also be understood to mean a water-bound device in the further course.
  • the floating device can also have more than two zones.
  • the type of zones can be different.
  • a zone can be a fire zone.
  • Zones can be separated from one another by one or more bulkheads.
  • the species form chambers which, for example, protect against fire and or protect against the sinking of the floating or can serve water-bound facility.
  • a bulkhead or bulkheads can be designed or constructed to be airtight and / or liquid-resistant and / or fire-retardant.
  • a floating device such as a ship
  • zones or chambers form.
  • a chamber can represent a zone just as a zone can represent a chamber.
  • the energy supply system for the floating or water-bound device has a first energy source and a second energy source, the first energy source being provided in the first zone for supplying at least one DC bus of the at least two DC buses and the second energy source being in the second zone Supply of at least one DC bus of the at least two DC buses is provided.
  • the first energy source can thus be provided, for example, for supplying only the first DC voltage bus, or for supplying the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage bus.
  • the second energy source which can be provided, for example, for supplying only the first DC voltage bus or for supplying the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage bus.
  • the supply of the respective DC bus relates in particular to a direct connection to the DC bus.
  • a direct connection is to be understood as an electrical connection in which no further DC bus for energy distribution is interposed.
  • a direct connection can have, for example, a converter, a transformer, a switch, a DC / DC actuator.
  • Energy sources of the energy supply system can be of the following type, for example: a diesel generator, a gas turbine generator, a battery, a capacitor, SUPER-Caps, a flywheel memory, fuel cells.
  • the ses is structured at least partially depending on the zone.
  • Zones of the water-bound device result in particular from a structural device such as a bulkhead.
  • the energy supply system is divided in particular by switching devices which can separate or establish an electrical connection. Such switching devices can be used to form sections in the energy supply system.
  • primary energy sources relate to their assignment to a respective bus.
  • secondary energy sources affect any type of energy source, e.g. a diesel generator, a battery, a fuel cell, a gas turbine with generator, SUPER-Caps, flywheel storage, etc.
  • Primary energy sources are the first
  • Assigned DC bus a primary energy source serving in particular to generate electrical energy for the main drive of the floating or water-bound device.
  • one or more primary energy sources can also be used to supply a further, in particular downstream DC voltage bus (has a lower DC voltage than the supplying DC bus). This assignment means that no further DC bus is interposed between this primary energy source and the first DC bus.
  • Secondary energy sources are assigned to the second direct voltage bus (DC bus), a secondary energy source serving in particular to generate electrical energy for operating systems of the floating or water-bound device which are not used for the main drive of the floating device. This assignment also means that no further DC voltage bus is interposed between this secondary energy source and the second DC voltage bus.
  • At least one secondary energy source which is assigned to the second DC voltage bus, for supplying the first DC voltage bus. and especially to supply the main drives.
  • Operating systems of the floating facility are for example (on-board supply, hotel operations, weapon systems, etc.).
  • secondary energy sources are selected such that they can react more quickly to load fluctuations if necessary.
  • the load is, for example, at least one drive motor for driving the floating device and / or further electrical consumers of the floating device, for example for pumps, compressors, air conditioning systems, cable winches, on-board electronics, etc.
  • electrical consumers for example for the air conditioning system, kitchens, laundry, lighting, etc., also known as hotel loads.
  • the energy supply system can have several energy sources of the same type.
  • energy sources of different types can be in different zones.
  • the security of supply can be increased within the floating device, for example in emergencies and / or in the event of an error.
  • energy sources of different types can be in the same zone.
  • the intermediate circuit voltage is at the smallest load, i.e. the lowest power, so that an inverter can be used for this.
  • a single inverter is used as long as it is available.
  • parallel inverters or motors with several winding systems are used. This procedure enables medium-voltage direct voltage systems to be implemented cost-effectively.
  • the DC link voltage for a thruster load of 3.5 MW is set to 4.5 kV DC voltage (3.3 kV three-phase voltage).
  • the 3.5 MW is the smallest load that is connected to the medium voltage direct voltage system.
  • Another load with 12 MW is also operated with 3.3 kV rotary voltage, and thus with 4.5 kV DC voltage.
  • This load is operated with two parallel converters or with a machine with two winding systems. Two machines on one shaft are also possible.
  • the reduced medium-voltage DC voltage specification also reduces the construction volume and the costs for the semiconductor switches between the zones as well as the costs for the short-circuit protection of the inverters
  • first direct voltage bus and a second direct voltage bus in the floating device, electrical energy can be transferred from one bus to the other bus in a simple manner without unnecessary losses. This is particularly advantageous in the event of an error in which one or more energy sources fail for the first bus. If energy levels are linked via an AC connection, this can lead to higher losses, particularly in the event of an error.
  • DC networks the energy is first rectified in order to be distributed across the upper DC voltage (conversion 1). An AC voltage must then be generated from the DC voltage using an inverter (conversion 2). The inverter must perform the same functions as a generator (selectivity and frequency control in the lower voltage level). A transformer is required to adjust the voltage (conversion lung 3). This triple conversion is associated with losses of approximately 3-3.5%.
  • the cost of the components and the weights are very high.
  • the inverters used are sensitive to harmonics of the lower voltage level.
  • the connection of motors and non-linear loads to the inverters used is also problematic and limited.
  • the energy supply system in addition to the first energy source and the second energy source, it also has a third energy source.
  • the first energy source and the second energy source are primary energy sources and the third energy source is a secondary energy source.
  • the third energy source can be used for example for peak shaving and / or as a spinning reserve. This means that peaks in the energy consumption of the floating device, which cannot be quickly covered by the primary energy source, are covered by the secondary energy source and / or energy can be made available if an energy source fails
  • the energy supply system has a medium-voltage DC bus with a DC voltage of 3 kV to 18 kV, on which is designed as a ring bus, and a low-voltage DC bus with a DC voltage of 0.4 kV to 1.5 kV, on which is designed as a ring bus.
  • a three-phase AC bus can also be used as a power bus, in particular as a further main power bus or as a replacement for the DC bus.
  • a DC distribution system can also be operated at a low voltage level (DC bus) and / or an AC distribution system (AC bus) can be used.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device in particular a floating device, can thus also be implemented with a first DC voltage bus for a first DC voltage and with a second DC voltage bus for a second DC voltage, the energy supply system having a first energy source, the first energy source being a generator system which has a first WieungsSystem for feeding the first DC voltage bus and which has a second winding system for feeding the second DC voltage bus.
  • Different voltage levels can be fed with one generator system. If the energy supply system has further energy sources, these can also have such a generator system.
  • the first winding system is designed for a first voltage and the second winding system is designed for a second voltage, the first voltage being greater than the second tension.
  • the generator system has, for example, only one generator or, for example, two generators.
  • the generator is in particular a synchronous generator.
  • Asynchronous generators and / or PEM generators can also be used. If the generator has a low-voltage winding system and a medium-voltage winding system, this has in particular a large Xd ''. In one embodiment of the generator, this can have a large xd ".
  • the three-phase medium voltage connection of the generator can be connected, for example, to a diode rectifier or to a valid rectifier and thus to feed the medium-voltage DC bus.
  • the converter for the low-voltage DC bus can in particular also be an active front end (AFE). In particular, this has a four-quadrant operation. This makes it possible, for example, to feed electrical energy from batteries into the low-voltage DC bus, from there via the Active Front End into the medium-voltage DC bus.
  • the Active Front End is an active rectifier that enables energy to flow in both directions.
  • the first winding system is electrically connected to the first direct voltage bus for its transformerless supply.
  • the second winding system is electrically connected to the second direct voltage bus for its transformerless supply.
  • the omission of the transformer also saves weight, volume and / or costs here.
  • the generator system has a first generator with the first winding system and a second generator with the second winding system, the first generator and the second generator can be driven by means of a common shaft system.
  • the first generator and the second generator are in particular stiff, that is to say rigid, coupled.
  • the construction of the generators can be kept simple by using two generators for the two winding systems.
  • the generator system is a multi-winding system generator, the stator of the multi-winding system generator having the first winding system and the second weighing system or further winding system.
  • a compact generator system can be designed in this way.
  • the multi-winding system generator has slots which relate to the first winding system and the second how system. This enables a compact structure to be achieved.
  • the two winding systems in the generator can be arranged in the slots in such a way that the best possible decoupling is achieved in order to avoid influencing the winding systems. Adequate decoupling is achieved if the different winding systems are installed in different slots.
  • the water-bound device in particular the floating device, also has a first zone, a second zone, and a second energy source, the first energy source in the first zone for supplying at least one DC bus of the at least two DC voltage buses are provided and the second energy source is provided in the second zone for feeding at least one DC voltage bus of the at least two DC voltage buses.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device in particular a floating device, can also be implemented with a first DC voltage bus for a first DC voltage and with a second DC voltage bus for a second DC voltage, a first energy source having at least three feeding electrical connections to the DC voltage buses, wherein at least one of the DC buses has sections. This can also improve the security of supply of the energy supply system.
  • a first supply connection of the at least three supply electrical connections feeds a first section and a second supply connection of the at least three supply electrical connections feeds a second section of the same DC bus, a third supply connection of the at least three supply electrical connections feeds a section of the further DC bus. In this way, the supply of electrical energy can be distributed over various DC buses.
  • this has a fourth supply connection of the first energy source, two of the at least four supply connections for supplying the first DC voltage bus being provided in different sections of the first DC voltage bus, and two further of the at least four supply connections Supply of the second DC bus in different sections of the second DC bus are provided. This increases the operational safety of the water-bound facility.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device in particular a floating device, can also be implemented with a first DC bus for a first DC voltage and with a second DC bus for a second DC voltage, with a first energy source has at least two feeding electrical connections to the DC voltage buses, at least one of the
  • a first supply connection of the at least two supply electrical connections feeds a first section and a second supply connection of the at least two supply electrical connections feeds a second section of the same DC bus or the second supply connection of the at least two supply electrical connections feeds a section of the further DC bus.
  • the supply of electrical energy can be distributed via various DC voltage buses.
  • this has a third and fourth supply connection of the first energy source, two of the at least four supply connections being provided for supplying the first DC bus in different sections of the first DC bus, and two further of the four supplying the connections are provided for supplying the second DC voltage bus in different sections of the second DC voltage bus.
  • a first feeding connection of the at least two feeding electrical connections feeds a first section and a second feeding connection of the at least two feeding electrical connections feeds a second section of the same DC voltage bus, a third feeding connection feeding a section of the further DC voltage bus.
  • the water-bound device has a first zone and a second zone, the first direct voltage bus and / or the second direct voltage bus extending over the first zone and / or the second zone, the first energy source for feeding sections the first DC voltage bus and / or the second DC voltage bus is provided in different zones. This can increase the redundancy for supplying the DC voltage buses with electrical energy.
  • the latter has a second energy source, the first energy source being provided in the first zone for supplying at least one DC voltage bus for the at least two DC voltage buses, and the second energy source in the second zone for supplying at least one DC voltage bus for the at least two DC buses are provided.
  • both DC buses can be supplied with electrical energy, even if only one energy source is active.
  • a section of the first DC voltage bus has both a supply connection to the first energy source and a further supply electrical connection to the second energy source. This can also improve the flexibility of the system.
  • a section of the second DC voltage bus has both a supply connection to the first energy source and a further supply electrical connection to the second energy source.
  • supply connections can generally also have a switch here in order to be able to flexibly activate or deactivate the supply connection (the supply electrical connection).
  • at least one of the DC voltage buses can be formed as a ring bus or trained idet.
  • the ring bus can be separated by switches on.
  • a ring bus can be divided into two smaller buses. The smaller buses can in turn be converted into ring buses by adding elements. The possibility of separating the ring bus allows flexible reaction to errors.
  • the switches for disconnecting the bus and / or ring bus are designed as ultra-fast switching elements and in particular as semiconductor switching elements or hybrid switching elements, which have a tripping time in the range from 1 us to IbO us.
  • Hybrid switching devices feature mechanical and semiconductor and / or electronic elements. The rapid tripping reduces the short-circuit current that occurs and prevents the fault from having a negative impact on the neighboring zone. This prevents further failures from neighboring zones.
  • the first DC bus is provided for a first DC voltage and the second DC bus for a second
  • the DC voltage is provided, the first DC voltage being greater than the second DC voltage.
  • the lower voltage is a low voltage (LV) and the higher voltage is a medium voltage (MV).
  • the low voltage is especially between 400V and 1000V. In the future, low-voltage systems up to a voltage of 1500 V can also be expected.
  • the medium voltage is greater than 1000V or 1500V, in particular between 10kV and 20kV or between 5kV and 20 kV.
  • the different voltage levels of the DC voltage buses also offer a cost-optimal allocation (in particular because of the cost of the power electronics) of the consumer, with the consumers of lower power being assigned to the lower voltage. Under assignment is the electrical connection of the consumer to understand the DC voltage bus.
  • the first DC bus is connected to the second DC bus, for example, via at least one of the following couplings:
  • the first DC voltage is therefore greater than the second DC voltage.
  • the first DC voltage is a medium voltage (MV: Medium Voltage - medium voltage) and the second DC voltage is a low voltage (LV: Low Voltage - low voltage), whereby an energy transfer from the first DC voltage bus to the second DC voltage bus is possible as well as an energy transfer from the second DC voltage bus to the first DC bus is possible.
  • MV Medium Voltage - medium voltage
  • LV Low Voltage - low voltage
  • the first DC bus is provided for a first DC voltage and the second DC bus is provided for a second DC voltage, the first DC voltage being greater than the second DC voltage.
  • Consumers such as motors, electronics, heaters, etc. can be supplied with electrical energy at a suitable voltage level.
  • At least one of the DC voltage buses is provided for an extension over at least two zones.
  • a zone can be supplied with electrical energy which itself has no energy source.
  • a zone can be bridged by means of a bypass.
  • the bypass can be understood as part of a ring bus, with branches being separated in the area of the bypass.
  • the bypass can also be implemented via a further DC voltage level. For example, a zone that is under water or has broken out in the fire can be disconnected from the electrical supply without affecting another zone into which the corresponding bus extends.
  • At least one of the DC voltage buses has sections where the sections are zone-related.
  • the sections can be separated from one another, for example by means of switches.
  • a switch can be a mechanical switch and / or a mechanical and semiconductor switch and / or a semiconductor switch.
  • two zones can have two sections.
  • a zone can have two sections from the same bus.
  • each zone has its own energy source with a section.
  • the first energy source is provided in the first zone for supplying the first DC bus and the second DC bus.
  • both voltage levels can be supplied with energy in one zone.
  • the first DC voltage bus is provided for supplying the second DC voltage bus.
  • the second direct voltage bus can also be supplied with energy by an energy source which is connected to the first direct voltage bus.
  • this has a three-phase bus, the second direct voltage bus being provided for supplying the three-phase bus. Since the three-phase bus can extend over at least two zones or be limited to one zone. In one embodiment, it is also possible for the three-phase bus to bridge one or more zones, ie there is a bypass of at least one zone.
  • the three-phase bus (alternating current) is intended for supplying alternating current suppliers.
  • This can be, for example in a cruise ship, kitchen appliances such as toasters, waffle irons or coffee machines that can be connected to sockets.
  • the energy supply system it is possible, in particular depending on a ship application, to at least partially integrate an AC distribution network into a medium-voltage DC distribution network at the low-voltage level or to form individual DC islands within the zones, which between the zones via AC -Connections are connected.
  • individual DC islands are connected to one another via DC / DC converters.
  • a zone can be operated autonomously, this autonomous zone having at least one of the energy sources, the first DC voltage bus and / or the second DC voltage bus being able to be fed, the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage bus with their respective sections in this zone also remain. So a section does not go beyond a zone.
  • autonomous areas can be set up within a floating device, which can work for themselves even if one of the zones of the floating device fails or is damaged.
  • the floating device has at least two longitudinal zones and at least two transverse zones, at least two sections of a DC bus are in the same transverse zone and also in different longitudinal zones.
  • the longitudinal zone is delimited, for example, by a longitudinal bulkhead.
  • the transverse zone is delimited, for example, by a transverse bulkhead.
  • At least one of the DC voltage buses has a switching device (switch).
  • the switching device which works mechanically and / or electrically through semiconductors, is used to separate or connect sections of the respective buses.
  • the switching device for disconnection or connection can be triggered on the basis of switching commands which are generated on the basis of an electrical state and / or on the basis of switching commands which are generated on the basis of events in a zone (for example water ingress, fire, etc.) .
  • the switching device in the DC bus is a fault switch, the fault disconnector disconnecting the bus, in particular in the event of a short-circuit fault.
  • the fault isolating switch can also be referred to as a short circuit switch.
  • the switching device in particular separates two zones.
  • the switching device is, for example, a high-speed switch that enables safe separation of sections of a bus.
  • a short circuit in a zone can be limited to this zone. Other zones remain largely unaffected by a short circuit in one of the plurality of zones. Shutting down and restarting the power supply in the event of a short circuit is thus avoidable. The probability of a blackout for the entire floating device can thus be reduced.
  • the floating Device has a first zone and a second zone, the floating device having a first DC voltage bus for a first DC voltage and a second DC voltage bus for a second DC voltage, the floating device having a first energy source and a second energy source, electrical energy from the first zone to the second zone or from the second zone to the first zone.
  • zones can be supplied with electrical energy regardless of whether they are an energy source on iron.
  • a method for operating an energy supply system for a water-bound device with a first direct voltage bus for a first direct voltage and with a second direct voltage bus for a second direct voltage, with a first energy source, the first energy source having a generator system which has a first Has winding system for supplying the first DC voltage bus and which has a second winding system for supplying the second DC voltage bus, a first voltage is generated by means of the first winding system and a second voltage is generated by means of the second winding system, the second voltage being less than that first voltage, a diesel or a gas turbine being used to drive the generator system.
  • This and other methods can be supplemented and / or combined with further configurations.
  • the feed through the first winding system or the feed through the second winding system is prevented.
  • its hotel load can be operated using just one winding system.
  • the switch to or with the MV system (MV bus) can therefore be opened if only energy is required for the LV bus.
  • the DC voltage buses become electrical energy.
  • the special electrical connections have switches, for example, to disconnect or close the connection. For example, faulty areas (e.g. due to a short circuit) of the energy supply system can be separated from correctly working areas.
  • a power supply system described here is used when carrying out the method.
  • At least one of the methods in the event of a fault, e.g. Short circuit, earth fault, water ingress, fire, in one zone, at least one of the DC buses depending on the bulkhead, e.g. separated depending on the zone.
  • a fault e.g. Short circuit, earth fault, water ingress, fire
  • at least one of the DC buses depending on the bulkhead e.g. separated depending on the zone.
  • a partition is closed in the event of a fault and at least one of the DC buses is separated depending on the partition. So in particular in the event of a malfunction, this malfunction can be limited to one zone.
  • a first energy management is carried out for at least the first zone and a second energy management for at least the second zone.
  • each zone which has an energy source, can have energy management by means of an energy management system, the energy management systems of different zones being connectable to one another in terms of data technology.
  • a master energy management system can be defined, which controls the energy flow between the zones, which is determined by the individual energy management systems. managed, controls and / or regulates.
  • a wired or radio-based transmission system can be used for data transmission. The radio-based transmission system enables faults that occur, for example, as a result of mechanical damage within a zone, to be mastered better.
  • each zone can be operated independently in the event of a fault, even if the superordinate F.nergi emanagement system fails.
  • a zone has at least one self-sufficient automation system.
  • this can be used with any of the configurations and combinations of the energy supply system described here. Due to the high flexibility of the process and the energy supply system, flexible operation of the floating device is possible.
  • a network architecture for high-performance on-board electrical systems with at least two voltage levels can be implemented.
  • DC networks the electrical energy is rectified and distributed via the common DC bus.
  • AC networks require an inverter and a transformer.
  • the voltage can be selected via the transformation ratio of the transformer.
  • the frequency can be set by the inverter regardless of the speed of the generators.
  • the use, in particular increased use, of DC voltage buses can avoid the problems existing in the AC networks with regard to the high weight of the transformers and different frequencies of the networks in relation to the generator.
  • the network architecture is characterized in particular by at least two DC bus systems (LV and MV), which can be designed as a closed bus.
  • LV and MV DC bus systems
  • These DC ring buses are made possible in particular by using a very fast semiconductor switch for LV and MV to ensure the integrity of the individual bus sections in the zones in the event of a fault. This avoids that faulty bus sections lead to failures of other bus sections.
  • the integration of an LV DC ring bus in addition to an MV ring bus enables the connection of decentralized energy storage systems to the LV DC ring bus and the use and distribution of energy through the closed bus.
  • the decentralized energy storage systems represent secondary energy sources in particular.
  • the use of several closed DC ring buses also enables a better possibility of power distribution and / or energy distribution between the ring buses of the different voltage levels.
  • a possibility of connecting the different voltage levels is via a DC / DC converter.
  • Another possibility is to supply the further DC ring bus on the AC side of the generator via a transformer and a rectifier, while the DC ring bus with the higher power / higher voltage is supplied directly via a rectifier.
  • the rectifier of the low-voltage ring bus can also be designed as an active inverter in order to enable the energy flow in both directions. Feeding the generator via rectifiers or controlled rectifiers also enables a higher frequency of the generator output voltage, which reduces the required transformer in weight and size.
  • a generator has at least two voltage levels. This enables a further optimization of the system and the avoidance of a heavy transformer.
  • Generators with at least two voltage levels can be supplied with a first voltage level and a second voltage level. This applies in particular to the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage bus, which are each connected to the generator via rectifiers. This avoids the multiple conversion of energy as with AC grids. Arrangements that cover the upper and second voltage levels are sensible, since the powers in the second and further lower voltage levels continue to decrease.
  • the rectifier on the second DC voltage bus can also be designed as an active rectifier, this permitting energy flow in both directions and / or also being able to form a network.
  • energy can be transported from the second DC voltage bus, operated as a low-voltage bus, and energy can be transported via the stationary, non-rotating generator to the first DC voltage bus, operated as a medium-voltage bus.
  • the generator frequency can be freely selected within certain limits.
  • the active part length of the generator is shortened.
  • a generator can thus have two different active part lengths, for example. This can be achieved, for example, by using new ones Manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing. Possible savings result, for example, in the area of the winding heads.
  • On-board electrical system services and / or hotel services e.g. cruise ships, Navy (new classes with increased demand for electrical power in addition to propulsion power, FPSO; FSRU; ...)
  • FPSO propulsion power
  • FSRU FSRU
  • FPSO propulsion power
  • the increased use of DC buses enables the reduction of network distribution transformers, e.g. 50Hz or 60Hz, which are necessary for AC networks.
  • a conversion AC / DC / AC in the upper voltage level can be dispensed with in the floating device and the conversion DC / AC / DC between the voltage levels can be simplified.
  • the sub-network i.e. the network with a lower voltage
  • the frequency of the feeding AC voltage can be optimally selected.
  • the use of multiple DC ring buses with different voltage levels can be ensured by rapidly switching semiconductor switches and enables a more optimal and safe load distribution between the buses and a more optimal distribution and use of energy stores between the individual zones.
  • the consumers of the second and lower voltage level can be fed with a fixed, freely assignable frequency, which is not dependent on the speed of the diesel generators, even if the upper voltage level is operated with a variable frequency.
  • the distribution transformers for the second voltage levels are designed redundantly. If the hotel output is 10MW, for example, the total installed power of the distribution transformers is at least 20MW. Due to additional security and taking into account simultaneity factors, this value increases significantly to values between 25MW and 30MW.
  • the generators, which are connected to the first voltage level only need to provide the 20MW for the second voltage level.
  • the various described power supply systems or water-bound facilities, as well as the described procedures can be variably combined in their characteristics.
  • the corresponding system, the corresponding device or method e.g. adapt for use in a cruise ship, a crane ship, an oil platform, etc.
  • the energy supply system has an electrical wave.
  • This is an electrical drive solution in which at least one generator and at least one drive motor are coupled to one another without an intermediate converter or converter.
  • one or more variable-speed drive motors ie the motors for driving the propellers
  • Generators of this type can also feed at least one of the DC voltage buses via a rectifier.
  • the control and / or regulation of the motors and thus the propulsion units is thus carried out indirectly by control and / or regulation of the internal combustion engines for driving the generators.
  • the drive motors are firmly coupled electrically to the generators, which means that the generators rotate a corresponding proportional rotation of the electric drive motors. It is thus the function of a me chanical wave using electrical machines.
  • Such a drive solution is referred to as an electrical shaft.
  • an on-board power supply converter i.e. an on-board power supply converter converts the voltage of variable amplitude and variable frequency generated by the generator (s) into a voltage of constant amplitude and constant frequency for an on-board supply system around.
  • the LV DC bus for example, is assigned to the on-board electrical system and therefore has it.
  • An electric drive shaft comprises, for example, at least one variable-speed generator for generating a voltage with variable amplitude and variable frequency and at least one variable-speed drive motor provided with this voltage.
  • the at least one generator has in particular a superconductor winding, in particular a high-temperature superconductor
  • the superconductor winding can be a stator winding or a rotating rotor winding of the generator.
  • a generator with a superconductor winding has, in particular, a considerably larger magnetic air gap between the rotor and the stator compared to a conventional generator without a superconductor winding. This is mainly due to the fact that the superconductor is cooled by a vacuum cryostat or a similar cooling device, the wall of which or the wall runs in the air gap.
  • the relatively large magnetic air gap means that the generator has a much lower synchronous reactance than a conventional generator. This means that, with the same electrical output, an HTS generator has a significantly stiffer current-voltage characteristic compared to a conventional generator.
  • the at least one drive motor has a superconductor winding, in particular a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) winding, it can be designed to be very powerful and torque-strong in a small size, which is particularly important for use of a watercraft in ice is.
  • the superconductor winding is a rotating rotor winding.
  • the electric shaft also includes a generator synchronization device for synchronizing the amplitude, frequency and phase of the voltages generated by the generators.
  • At least one generator and / or one motor has HTS technology.
  • an interface for a port power supply is provided.
  • This interface is, for example, a connection to the MV DC voltage bus and / or a connection to the LV DC voltage bus and / or a connection to a three-phase system of the energy supply system.
  • 5 shows a second circuit diagram for an energy supply system
  • 6 shows a third circuit diagram for an energy supply system
  • FIG. 1 shows a ship 101 with a first division into zones.
  • a first zone 31, a second zone 32, a third zone 33 and a fourth zone 34 are shown. These zones are delimited by bulkheads 71. Another is done, for example, by a waterproof deck 70.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 2 shows a ship 101 in a type of top view and top view, with a second division into zones 31 to 39.
  • the zones can also be divided into longitudinal zones 102 and transverse zone 103.
  • An energy supply system 100 extends over the zones.
  • the energy supply system has a first DC voltage bus 11 and a second DC voltage bus 12.
  • the DC buses 11 and 12 extend differently across the zones.
  • the partition can also be used omitted in the longitudinal zones. However, this is not shown.
  • the energy supply system 100 has a first direct voltage bus 11 and a second direct voltage bus 12, the first direct voltage bus 11 being a medium voltage bus, for example, and the second direct voltage bus 12 being a low voltage bus.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 4 shows a first circuit diagram for 5 an energy supply system 100.
  • the illustration has a first zone 31, a second zone 32 and a third zone 33.
  • the zones are marked by zone boundaries 105.
  • a first energy source 21 is located in the first zone 31.
  • the first energy source 21 has a diesel 1 and a generator 5.
  • a second energy source 22 is located in the second zone 32.
  • the second energy source 22 has a diesel 2 and a generator 6.
  • a first DC voltage bus 11 extends both in the first zone 31 and in the second zone 32 and also in the third zone 33 and 5 forms a ring bus.
  • a second DC bus 12 extends into the first zone 31 as well as into the second one 32 and also into the third zone 33 and forms a ring bus there as well.
  • the buses can also not be designed as ring buses, however this is not shown0.
  • the first DC voltage bus 11 is located in a first DC voltage level 13 or. provides them.
  • the second DC voltage bus 12 is located in a second DC voltage level 14 or. provides them.
  • the first DC bus 11 can be divided into sections 61 to 66. The subdivision is achieved using MV
  • the first DC bus 11 is therefore at a medium voltage.
  • the second DC bus 12 can also be divided into sections 61 to 66. The sub division succeeds by means of LV switching devices 80.
  • the second DC bus 12 is therefore at a low voltage.
  • a three-phase bus (AC bus) 15 can be fed via the second direct voltage bus 12.
  • Batteries 91 are also connected to the second direct voltage bus 12.
  • Motors (asynchronous motors, synchronous motors and / or PEM motors) 85 which can be operated via inverters 93 and further DC consumers 86 are shown as consumers for the second direct voltage bus 12.
  • a first supply 51, a second supply 52, a third supply 53 and a fourth supply 54 are provided in each case.
  • the generator 5 feeds the first section 61 via the first feed 51, the first feed 51 having a rectifier 95 and a switch 84.
  • the generator 5 feeds the fourth section 64 of the first DC bus 11 via the second feed 52.
  • the second feed 52 in the first zone 31 also has a rectifier 96 and a switch 84.
  • the third supply 53 has a voltage transformer 105 and a rectifier 97.
  • the third supply 53 feeds the first section 61 of the second DC bus 12.
  • the fourth supply 54 has a switch 84 and a DC / DC actuator 104.
  • the fourth supply 54 thus connects a section 64 of the first DC bus 11 to a section 61 of the second DC bus 12.
  • the generator 6 is connected to the DC buses 11 and 12 in the same way via the supplies 1 to 4 , as described in the first zone 31.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second circuit diagram for an energy supply system 100. In comparison to FIG. 4, an enlarged section is shown. In contrast to FIG. 4, a generator 5 is shown in FIG. 5 to show a variation, which has only three supplying electrical connections 51, 53 and 54 to the same-sized Lrombuses 11 and 12.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 6 shows a third circuit diagram for an energy supply system 100. It is shown here that 11 marine propulsion motors 106, 107 can be connected to the first DC bus 11, which are each provided for driving a propeller 108. The motor 106 is fed twice via the inverters 93 and 34. The motor 107 is simply fed.
  • auxiliary drives e.g. Compressor drive 207
  • a three-phase power supply via an active inverter e.g. a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with / without filter 208, which is connected to the DC bus 11, can be generated.
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • a generator 201 is shown with an associated rectifier.
  • a generator 200 with at least two winding systems and two associated rectifiers is for use with powers that cannot be realized for a rectifier.
  • these rectifiers can also feed a generator in parallel with a winding system (not shown).
  • the generator 202 spits the first DC bus 11 via a rectifier and the second DC bus 12 via a transformer 205 and a rectifier 206.
  • an infeed 204 is shown as a connection to land, shore connection.
  • this DC / DC converter is shown as a three-pole 210, three-pole.
  • a battery 211 and a further DC voltage bus can also be connected here.
  • this three-pole can also be designed as a multipole.
  • FIG. 7 shows a fourth circuit diagram, two motors each being connected to the propellers 108 via a shaft system 43 for driving.
  • power is supplied via the DC bus 11, but via different sections 61 and 64 of this bus.
  • FIG. 8 shows a fifth circuit diagram, wherein in addition to four energy sources 21 to 24 with diesel, alternative energy sources are also shown.
  • a windmill 25 can be an energy source.
  • a shore connection 26 can be an energy source but also a photovoltaic system 27.
  • FIG 9 shows a generator system 10 with two generators 7 and 8, which are rigidly coupled via a shaft system 43.
  • the generator 7 here has a low voltage winding system and the generator 8 has a medium voltage winding system.
  • a low-voltage DC bus 12 is fed by means of the generator 7 and a medium-voltage DC bus 11 is fed by means of the generator 8.
  • FIG. 10 shows a multi-winding system generator 9 which has at least two winding systems, a first winding system for a medium voltage and a second winding system for a low voltage.
  • the first winding system is used to feed the first DC bus 11 at the medium-voltage level (MV) via a first feeding electrical connection 51.
  • the second winding system is used to feed the second direct current bus 12 at a low voltage level (LV) via a further feeding electrical connection 53.
  • FIG. 11 shows schematically the possible arrangements of windings in the stator of a multi-winding system generator.
  • the LV windings can be in sections in adjacent grooves 44 and the MV windings in sections in adjacent grooves 45.
  • the MV windings and the LV windings can be in common grooves 46.
  • the MV windings and the LV windings can be alternately in slots 24 and 48.
  • FIG. 12 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for a D-axis of a multi-winding system generator.
  • FIG. 13 shows an eighth circuit diagram for an energy supply system 100, it being shown how the first DC voltage bus 11 can be fed by the generator 6 via two un different sections 61 and 64 and how this generator 6 also the second DC voltage bus 12 also two different sections can be fed there.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 14 shows how two sections 61 and 62 of the first DC voltage bus 11 in different zones 31 and 32 can be fed by a generator in one zone (generator 5 in zone 31 and generator 6 in zone 32) and how this can be done for the second DC bus 12 applies.
  • 15 is divided into two sub-figures 15A and 15B. Both combine an energy supply system 100, which has four diesels 1, 2, 3 and 4 as part of the energy sources 21, 22, 23 and 24 and expresses that the energy supply system can be expanded or expanded almost as required in accordance with the requirements for the water-borne device. is changeable. Because the water-bound device is located, for example, on a ship or an oil rig, it is operated entirely or predominantly as an island network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'alimentation électrique (100) conçu pour un dispositif (101) maritime et en particulier un procédé correspondant, comprenant un premier bus à tension continue (11) pour une première tension continue et un deuxième bus à tension continue (12) pour une deuxième tension continue, une première source d'énergie (21) comportant au moins deux liaisons électriques d'alimentation (51,52,53) avec les bus à tension continue (11, 12), au moins un des bus à tension continue (11, 12) comportant des parties (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67).
EP19786474.7A 2018-09-28 2019-09-27 Système d'alimentation électrique conçu pour un dispositif maritime comportant différentes zones reliées Pending EP3837749A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102018216753.2A DE102018216753A1 (de) 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 Energieversorgungssystem für eine wassergebundene Einrichtung
PCT/EP2019/076157 WO2020064996A1 (fr) 2018-09-28 2019-09-27 Système d'alimentation électrique conçu pour un dispositif maritime comportant différentes zones reliées

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EP (1) EP3837749A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2020064996A1 (fr)

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WO2022221432A1 (fr) * 2021-04-15 2022-10-20 Spoc Automation Inc. Système de conversion d'alimentation redondante à charge équilibrée naturellement
FR3131987A1 (fr) * 2022-01-14 2023-07-21 Safran Electrical & Power Procede de pilotage et protection d’un reseau de distribution electrique pour charges propulsives d’aeronef
EP4235995A1 (fr) * 2022-02-24 2023-08-30 Volvo Penta Corporation Système d'alimentation pour la génération et la distribution d'énergie électrique

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US20210376602A1 (en) 2021-12-02
DE102018216753A1 (de) 2020-04-02
WO2020064996A1 (fr) 2020-04-02
CN113169550B (zh) 2024-02-20

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