EP3832327A1 - Fehlererkennungsschema bei einer elektrischen maschine - Google Patents

Fehlererkennungsschema bei einer elektrischen maschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3832327A1
EP3832327A1 EP19275139.4A EP19275139A EP3832327A1 EP 3832327 A1 EP3832327 A1 EP 3832327A1 EP 19275139 A EP19275139 A EP 19275139A EP 3832327 A1 EP3832327 A1 EP 3832327A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor
signals
winding
imbalance
short
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19275139.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Grzegorz Popek
Stephen Minshull
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority to EP19275139.4A priority Critical patent/EP3832327A1/de
Priority to US17/008,881 priority patent/US11509255B2/en
Publication of EP3832327A1 publication Critical patent/EP3832327A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H02P29/028—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the motor continuing operation despite the fault condition, e.g. eliminating, compensating for or remedying the fault
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/346—Testing of armature or field windings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H02P6/18—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
    • H02P6/183—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements using an injected high frequency signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0805—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for synchronous motors

Definitions

  • This disclosure is concerned with detection of faults in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM).
  • PMSM permanent magnet synchronous machines
  • a permanent magnet synchronous machine generally includes a stator and a rotor which together define an air gap.
  • the stator includes teeth which each have a radial tooth pole and an axially extending tooth head, whereby the tooth heads are arranged adjacent the air gap and neighbouring tooth heads in circumferential direction are spaced from one another by a slot.
  • the rotor includes permanent magnets which are arranged in a flux concentration direction.
  • Permanent magnet machines are increasingly used in safety-critical systems such as in aerospace applications e.g. for landing gear, actuators, fuel pumps etc. in aircraft. Permanent magnet machines are particularly favoured in such applications because they offer high power density and high efficiency.
  • a problem previously identified with permanent magnet machines is that the permanent magnet field cannot be de-excited in the event of a fault.
  • Fault tolerant permanent magnet machines have therefore been developed which can detect faults and isolate faulty components and/or manage the system accordingly.
  • Permanent magnet synchronous machines can be defined with two three-phase windings (i.e. with six phases). This 2 x 3 topology allows a level of fault tolerance since, if one set of windings fails, the system can continue to operate on the other set of windings.
  • the fault current can be reduced by short-circuiting the faulty phases using a driving inverter.
  • the short circuit current is limited to a maximum of 1 per unit (PU) by the 1 PU motor phase impedance. Failure to respond to a short circuit may lead to burn out of the motor phases where the short circuit occurs. It is, however, difficult to reliably detect an inter-turn short circuit so that the fault tolerance mechanism can be effected.
  • Conventional systems identify an inter-turn short circuit by the winding burning out as the fault propagates through the winding.
  • the inventors have identified a need to quickly and reliably detect an inter-turn short circuit to quickly and reliably enable the fault tolerance features of the machine to be effected.
  • the present disclosure provides a short circuit detection system and method that identifies a short circuit between turns of a winding of a permanent magnet machine having a three-phase winding in response to detection of imbalances between the three motor phases at an instant in time.
  • the imbalances are identified by monitoring motor terminal voltages and currents.
  • different methods are used to identify imbalances depending on the motor speed.
  • a high frequency signal is injected into the motor signal in the alpha-beta reference frame (described further below).
  • Detection of a short circuit is made by measuring the D and Q current and performing a simple window comparison.
  • short circuit detection relies on measuring reference voltages, again as will be described further below.
  • Fig 1 shows the output signals idref and iqref (1) and the control current loops PI (2) of the PMSM which provide signals to drive the load (6).
  • the signals are transformed from the dq frame to the alpha-beta ( ⁇ ) frame (3) and then into the abc frame.
  • the abc frame signals are modulated (4) to control the inverter (5) before being supplied to the load (6).
  • the speed and/or position of the motor load (6) is fed back (8), with measured motor currents (7) converted to dq reference frame (9) to control the PMSM in the known manner.
  • a small high frequency signal is injected into the alpha-beta command voltages (18).
  • the signal could be injected to the dq frame (17) or directly into the phase voltages (19). It is important that the size of the signal is kept small compared to the main motor excitation signals to prevent interference with the main motor control loop.
  • the frequency of the injected signal is selected to be greater than the bandwidth of the current loops (2). This prevents the controller from seeing the injection as a disturbance and trying to counteract its effects.
  • the detection processing function (11) may consist of a high-pass filter (12), an inverse Clark and Park transform that converts components in the orthogonal rotating reference frame (dq) to components in an orthogonal stationary frame ( ⁇ ) and then into components of a three-phase system (in abc frame) (13), an absolute function that removes the sign of the signal (14), a low pass filter (15) and a window comparator (16) that checks if all of the three-phase signals are within a certain band. In the event of an imbalance between the three phases where the three phase signals are not all within the band, an inter-turn short circuit is detected.
  • an inter-turn short circuit causes an imbalance to occur on the motor driving voltages.
  • the closed loop current feedback (2) creates an imbalanced voltage since the controller counteracts for the imbalanced phase inductance caused by the short circuit.
  • the imbalanced voltages are measured in the abc frame (10a) and are then processed using a detection algorithm (11a).
  • the algorithm preferably consists of an absolute function that removes the sign of the signal (14a), a low pass filter (15a) and a window comparator (16a) which, as above, checks if all three phase signals are within a certain band. If not, the imbalance is an indication of a short circuit.
  • the fault tolerant mechanism described in the Background can be triggered - i.e. the faulty winding can be short-circuited in a known manner. Using the methodology of this disclosure allows faults to be detected sooner than previously.
  • the inter-turn detection algorithm of this disclosure is an enabling technology for existing fault-tolerant PMSM systems.
  • the methodology makes use of hardware that is already available in typical motor controllers and no additional sensors are required.
  • the scheme operates across the entire motor speed range from stall to high speed. At zero speed, the scheme can also be used as a diagnostic method for checking the health of the generator in the motoring mode.
  • the method can be implemented within e.g. a programmable logic or a microprocessor-type embedded controller.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
EP19275139.4A 2019-12-04 2019-12-04 Fehlererkennungsschema bei einer elektrischen maschine Pending EP3832327A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19275139.4A EP3832327A1 (de) 2019-12-04 2019-12-04 Fehlererkennungsschema bei einer elektrischen maschine
US17/008,881 US11509255B2 (en) 2019-12-04 2020-09-01 Electric machine fault detection scheme

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19275139.4A EP3832327A1 (de) 2019-12-04 2019-12-04 Fehlererkennungsschema bei einer elektrischen maschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3832327A1 true EP3832327A1 (de) 2021-06-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19275139.4A Pending EP3832327A1 (de) 2019-12-04 2019-12-04 Fehlererkennungsschema bei einer elektrischen maschine

Country Status (2)

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US (1) US11509255B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3832327A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117192364A (zh) * 2023-09-05 2023-12-08 深圳新立图智能科技有限公司 一种双馈风力发电机的绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法及系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106019073A (zh) * 2016-05-16 2016-10-12 安徽大学 一种基于信号注入的永磁同步电机定子绕组电阻性失衡故障诊断方法
US20170102425A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-04-13 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method and apparatus for identifying the winding short of bar wound electric machine at standstill condition
EP3480610A1 (de) * 2017-11-07 2019-05-08 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Diagnose eines wicklungssatzes eines stators

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CN101101319A (zh) 2007-05-18 2008-01-09 西安尤佰测控技术有限公司 发电机转子绕组匝间短路状态的检测装置
CN101221206B (zh) 2007-08-03 2010-08-25 西北工业大学 诊断永磁容错电机匝间短路故障的方法
US7592772B2 (en) 2007-10-08 2009-09-22 University Of Victoria Innovation And Development Corporation Stator inter-turn fault detection of synchronous machines
US8283881B2 (en) * 2010-03-09 2012-10-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Methods, systems and apparatus for synchronous current regulation of a five-phase machine
KR101357828B1 (ko) 2012-12-07 2014-02-05 전자부품연구원 직렬 코일형 영구자석 모터의 고장 검출 방법 및 시스템
KR101357827B1 (ko) 2012-12-07 2014-02-05 전자부품연구원 병렬 코일형 영구자석 모터의 고장 검출 방법 및 시스템
US9018881B2 (en) * 2013-01-10 2015-04-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Stator winding diagnostic systems and methods
GB201306194D0 (en) 2013-04-05 2013-05-22 Univ Nottingham Diagnosis of incipient faults in a PMSM motor with coaxially insulated windings
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WO2015065425A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-05-07 General Electric Company System and method for controlling wind power generation systems
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Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170102425A1 (en) * 2015-10-13 2017-04-13 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method and apparatus for identifying the winding short of bar wound electric machine at standstill condition
CN106019073A (zh) * 2016-05-16 2016-10-12 安徽大学 一种基于信号注入的永磁同步电机定子绕组电阻性失衡故障诊断方法
EP3480610A1 (de) * 2017-11-07 2019-05-08 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Diagnose eines wicklungssatzes eines stators

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117192364A (zh) * 2023-09-05 2023-12-08 深圳新立图智能科技有限公司 一种双馈风力发电机的绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法及系统

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Publication number Publication date
US11509255B2 (en) 2022-11-22
US20210175836A1 (en) 2021-06-10

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