EP3829766A1 - Method for activating a photocatalytically active outer layer deposited on a composite - Google Patents
Method for activating a photocatalytically active outer layer deposited on a compositeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3829766A1 EP3829766A1 EP19748493.4A EP19748493A EP3829766A1 EP 3829766 A1 EP3829766 A1 EP 3829766A1 EP 19748493 A EP19748493 A EP 19748493A EP 3829766 A1 EP3829766 A1 EP 3829766A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- generating
- light
- photocatalytically active
- composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
- A61L9/18—Radiation
- A61L9/20—Ultra-violet radiation
- A61L9/205—Ultra-violet radiation using a photocatalyst or photosensitiser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
- A61L2/0082—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using chemical substances
- A61L2/0088—Liquid substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/088—Radiation using a photocatalyst or photosensitiser
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/11—Apparatus for generating biocidal substances, e.g. vaporisers, UV lamps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/14—Means for controlling sterilisation processes, data processing, presentation and storage means, e.g. sensors, controllers, programs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L2209/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2209/11—Apparatus for controlling air treatment
- A61L2209/111—Sensor means, e.g. motion, brightness, scent, contaminant sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for activating a compound
- a composite in the sense of the invention comprising at least one substrate and a layer system consisting of one or more layers deposited on the substrate.
- Titanium dioxide is often used for this.
- DE 102 10 465 A1 proposes to deposit a photocatalytically active thin layer on an open-pore carrier, titanium dioxide also being named as the photocatalytically active material.
- the action of light in the wavelength range from near UV triggers photocatalysis due to the chemical structure of the material. This inactivates organic contaminants and oxidatively decomposes them into carbon dioxide and water.
- UV activation is often carried out by sunlight and is therefore dependent on the time of day and weather.
- artificial illuminants used for UV If radiation is used indoors, for example, people in the area must be protected against the increased, harmful UV component. This either results in a short distance between the light source and the surface to be irradiated, in order to apply radiation with the lowest possible intensity, or requires UV treatment in a safe environment, ie no treatment is allowed during the treatment
- the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of creating a method for activating a photocatalytically active cover layer on a composite, by means of which the disadvantages of the prior art can be overcome.
- the method according to the invention it should also be possible with the method according to the invention to activate a photocatalytically active cover layer deposited on a composite, independently of the sunlight.
- the method according to the invention it should be possible with the method according to the invention to determine when a photocatalytically active cover layer should be activated.
- Deposited photocatalytically active cover layer only solutions are known in which radiation for activating the photocatalytically active cover layer strikes the cover layer surface from the outside. is activated by means of radiation by forming at least one element which generates radiation within the composite and below the photocatalytically active cover layer and which emits radiation for activating the photocatalytically active cover layer.
- the at least one radiation-generating first element can, for example, emit UV radiation which penetrates the photocatalytically active cover layer from the rear and which also activates the photocatalytically active cover layer on the surface of the cover layer.
- the method according to the invention can also be used to determine whether the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer is contaminated and thus whether the photocatalytically active cover layer has to be activated at all.
- At least one light-generating second element and at least one sensor are formed within the composite and below the photocatalytically active cover layer, an actual value of a physical quantity characterizing light radiation being detected by means of the sensor, this
- Light radiation is emitted by a light-generating second element.
- the light-generating second element can either also be formed inside the composite and below the photocatalytically active cover layer, or alternatively can be arranged outside the composite.
- the actual value detected by means of the sensor is compared with a first threshold value and the at least one radiation-generating first element is switched on when the actual value falls below or exceeds the first threshold value. Whether falling below or exceeding the first threshold value leads to switching on of the at least one radiation-generating first element depends on which parameter of the light-generating second element is detected by the sensor.
- the intensity of the light radiation of the light-generating second element is detected by means of the sensor, which would be reduced by contamination of the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer, then falling below the first threshold value leads to switching on of the at least one radiation-generating first element.
- the first element generating radiation is switched off again when an actual value detected by means of the at least one sensor (16; 26) exceeds a second threshold value, provided that the first setpoint value for switching on the at least one generating radiation is not reached , the first element leads or becomes the first element generating a radiation again
- FIG. 1 shows a component suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention in a schematic sectional illustration
- FIG. 2 shows an alternative component suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention in a schematic sectional illustration.
- a component 10 is shown schematically in a sectional view, with which the inventive method can be carried out.
- the component 10 comprises a substrate 11 and a layer system 12 deposited thereon, consisting of a number of
- the substrate 11 and the layer system 12 are collectively referred to in the sense of the invention as a composite.
- a photocatalytically active layer 13 was also deposited on the composite above the layer system 12.
- At least one first element 14 is formed below the photocatalytically active layer 13 and within the layer system 12, which one
- the first element 14 can, for example, generate UV radiation for activating the photocatalytically active layer 13.
- the first element 14 can also generate another radiation known from the prior art, by means of which a photocatalytically active layer can be activated.
- At least one light-generating second element 15 is also formed which, for example, emits light radiation that can be detected by a human eye.
- the light-generating second element 15 can also emit radiation in a different wavelength range, for example in the
- the light radiation from the light-generating second element can be used to determine whether the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 13 is contaminated.
- the light radiation generated by the second element that in FIG. 1 with one from the second element 15 the outgoing arrow is shown schematically, is at least partially reflected by the surface of the photocatalytically active layer 13 (dashed arrow in FIG. 1).
- the light radiation of the second element 15 reflected by the surface of the photocatalytically active layer 13 is detected by means of a sensor 16, the sensor 16 likewise being formed below the photocatalytically active cover layer 13 and within the layer system 12.
- Light radiation is forwarded to an evaluation device and compared with a target value for the intensity of the reflected light radiation.
- the evaluation device can, for example, be formed within the component 10 or, alternatively, can also be located outside the component 10. If an actual value falls below the target value, which is synonymous with the fact that the contamination on the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 13 has exceeded an undesirable degree of contamination, the evaluation device generates a first signal by means of which the radiation-generating first element 14 is switched on. As a result, the photocatalytically active cover layer 13 is activated, which causes degradation or at least inactivation of the contamination on the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 13.
- the actual values for the intensity of the reflected light radiation detected with the sensor 16 also increase again. If an actual value for the intensity of the reflected light radiation detected by the sensor 16 exceeds a second target value for the intensity of the reflected light radiation, which is equivalent to the fact that the
- the evaluation device When the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 13 has again reached a desired degree of purity, the evaluation device generates a second signal, by means of which the first element 14 generating a radiation is switched off.
- An embodiment according to FIG. 1 also has the advantage that no external radiation source for activating the photocatalytically active cover layer is necessary, which also ensures independence from daylight, with which photocatalytically active cover layers are often activated.
- bidirectional displays are known, for example, from WO 2012/163312 A1. These bidirectional displays comprise a composite consisting of a substrate and a layer system deposited thereon, wherein a multiplicity of light-emitting elements and a multiplicity of light-detecting elements are formed within the composite. Both the light-emitting elements and the
- light-detecting elements each arranged in a matrix and nested in one another, so that the light-emitting elements and the light-detecting elements are alternately formed side by side.
- Such a bidirectional display is suitable for implementing the procedure according to the invention described for FIG. 1.
- the procedure according to the invention described for FIG. 1 is suitable for implementing the procedure according to the invention described for FIG. 1.
- the bidirectional display is suitable for implementing the procedure according to the invention described for FIG. 1.
- a light-emitting elements and the light-detecting elements of a bidirectional display are divided into segments and in each segment at least one light-emitting element of the bidirectional display as a radiation-generating first element 14, at least one light-emitting element of the bidirectional display as light-generating second element 15 and at least one light-detecting element Element of the bidirectional display can be designed as a sensor 16. Furthermore, a photocatalytically active cover layer is deposited on the bidirectional display.
- a fingerprint sensor or a touch display for example, can be formed, which can independently recognize dirt on the surface and can remove or deactivate it independently of external radiation sources.
- one and the same component which is formed below the photocatalytically active cover layer 13 and within the composite, is used both as a radiation-generating first element 14 and also as a light-generating second element 15, with this component, for example radiation with lower power is generated in the
- the component 20 comprises a substrate 21 and a layer system 22 deposited thereon, consisting of a number of individual layers.
- the substrate 21 and the layer system 22 are collectively referred to in the sense of the invention as a composite.
- a photocatalytically active layer 23 was also deposited on the composite above the layer system 22.
- At least one first element 24 is formed below the photocatalytically active layer 23 and within the layer system 22, which one element
- the first element 24 can, for example, generate UV radiation for activating the photocatalytically active layer 23.
- the first element 24 can also generate another radiation known from the prior art, by means of which a photocatalytically active layer can be activated.
- At least one is outside the component 20
- the light-generating second element 25 which, for example, can generate light radiation in the wavelength range detectable by a human eye.
- the light-generating second element 25 is arranged in such a way that the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 23 can be irradiated with it.
- the light radiation from the light-generating second element 25 can be used to determine whether the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 23 is contaminated.
- Light radiation is detected by sensor 26.
- the actual values for the intensity of the light radiation detected by the sensor 26 are forwarded to an evaluation device and compared with a target value for the intensity of the light radiation.
- the evaluation device can be formed, for example, within the component 20 or, alternatively, outside of the component 20 are. If an actual value falls below the target value, which is synonymous with the fact that the contamination on the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 23 has exceeded an undesirable degree of contamination, the evaluation device generates a first signal by means of which the radiation-generating first element 24 is switched on. This activates the photocatalytically active cover layer 23, which causes the contamination on the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 23 to be reduced.
- the actual values for the intensity of the light radiation detected by the sensor 26 also increase again. If an actual value for the intensity of the light radiation detected by the sensor 16 exceeds a second target value for the intensity of the light radiation, which is equivalent to the fact that the surface of the photocatalytically active cover layer 23 has again reached a desired degree of purity, the
- Evaluation device a second signal by means of which the first element 24 generating a radiation is switched off.
- a layer which contains titanium dioxide can be used as the photocatalytically active cover layer in the process according to the invention and also in the exemplary embodiments described above.
- all other materials and materials known from the prior art can also be used for this layer deposition
- Combinations of these are used which are photocatalytically active.
- the photocatalytically active cover layer is doped with nitrogen during the layer deposition. It has been shown that layer material doped with nitrogen absorbs radiation for activating a photocatalytically active layer particularly well, thereby activating the photocatalytically active layer
- Top layer is improved. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the photocatalytic effective cover layer is formed with a nitrogen gradient in such a way that the photocatalytically active cover layer has the lowest nitrogen content at the boundary with the composite and the largest nitrogen content on the surface of the layer. This ensures that the photocatalytically active cover layer absorbs the radiation for activating the photocatalytically active cover layer, in particular in areas on the surface of the layer and thus where contamination of the photocatalytically active cover layer is to be reduced or inactivated.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018118227.9A DE102018118227A1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Method for activating a photocatalytically active cover layer deposited on a composite |
PCT/EP2019/070058 WO2020021018A1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2019-07-25 | Method for activating a photocatalytically active outer layer deposited on a composite |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3829766A1 true EP3829766A1 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
Family
ID=67513492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19748493.4A Pending EP3829766A1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2019-07-25 | Method for activating a photocatalytically active outer layer deposited on a composite |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11918979B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3829766A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN112512685A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102018118227A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020021018A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10210465A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2003-10-09 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Photocatalytic element for decomposing hydrogen-containing compounds, especially for supplying hydrogen to fuel cells, comprises a thin photocatalytic layer on a support with an open pore structure |
GB2391307A (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2004-02-04 | Delphi Tech Inc | Self-cleaning optical sensor |
CN100448258C (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-12-31 | 光宝科技股份有限公司 | Electronic equipment capable of cleaning out smudge upon itself, and relevant method |
DE102007021104A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-08 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Coat useful as cleaning cloth e.g. allergy-underwear for neurodermatitis, comprises a carrier medium, on which an antimicrobially active substance comprising silver is applied as a layer through magnetron sputtering in vacuum chamber |
JP2007331546A (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | Vehicle display unit |
DE102007062258A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Optical rain sensor device for a motor vehicle |
US9507412B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 | 2016-11-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Bidirectional display and triggering thereof |
WO2015134825A1 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-11 | Sensor Electronic Technology, Inc. | Ultraviolet surface illuminator |
KR20160057072A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-23 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Display apparatus and manufacturing method of the same |
US9694739B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2017-07-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Disinfecting handle |
CN206287864U (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-06-30 | 孙毅 | The Chair cover for automobile of air in a kind of energy purifying vehicle |
US10195602B2 (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-02-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Nucleation layers for enhancing photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings |
-
2018
- 2018-07-27 DE DE102018118227.9A patent/DE102018118227A1/en active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-07-25 WO PCT/EP2019/070058 patent/WO2020021018A1/en unknown
- 2019-07-25 CN CN201980050226.3A patent/CN112512685A/en active Pending
- 2019-07-25 US US17/263,611 patent/US11918979B2/en active Active
- 2019-07-25 EP EP19748493.4A patent/EP3829766A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102018118227A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
US20210291149A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
WO2020021018A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
CN112512685A (en) | 2021-03-16 |
US11918979B2 (en) | 2024-03-05 |
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