EP3825274A1 - Crane with gantry - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a crane, in particular a ship's crane, which has a boom (2), which can be erected in its height about an axis of rotation, and an erecting frame (4) for deflecting a rope of a drawing-in mechanism (6) around the boom (2) to erect includes. The invention is characterized in that the stand (4) can be raised in its height, and the stand (4) comprises a pull rod (7) which has a swivel joint (8) around a first section (9) of the pull rod (7 ) to rotate relative to a second section (10) of the tension rod (7).

Description

The present invention relates to a crane with a stand, in particular a ship crane with a stand.

An erecting trestle, often simply called an A-frame, is an auxiliary device for erecting and holding a crane boom. The erecting trestle typically extends firmly from a crane base on which the erectable boom is also pivotably arranged.

If the boom is in a stored position, i.e. if it rests horizontally on a support device or the like, the overall height of the crane is significantly reduced so that it can pass under height-limiting obstacles. The maximum height of a crane set in this way is then determined by the height of the erecting frame. A rope connected to the jib is guided over this in order to straighten the jib when the rope length is shortened.

As already explained, the erecting trestle is in a transit state, or a state in which the boom is lowered or put down, which is by far the highest point on the crane. This also applies in particular to a ship on which such a crane is installed. This aspect leads to problems when passing through the Ship or another vehicle on which the crane is installed, as the maximum height is problematic when driving under obstacles such as bridges, high-voltage lines, etc.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a crane which solves or at least alleviates the problem described in more detail above. This is achieved with a crane which has all the features of claim 1. Further advantageous configurations of the crane are given in the dependent claims.

Accordingly, the crane according to the invention, in particular a ship's crane or another crane mounted on a vehicle, comprises a boom that can be erected in its height about an axis of rotation, and an erecting frame for deflecting a rope of a drawing-in mechanism in order to erect the boom. The crane is characterized in that the erecting trestle can be raised in its height, and the erecting trestle preferably comprises a pull rod which has a swivel joint in order to rotate a first section of the pull rod relative to a second section of the pull rod.

The twisting of the pull rod of the erecting frame enables the erecting frame to be folded in, so that it can take up less space in its height expansion. In a state in which the boom is put down, the erecting trestle can accordingly also be folded down, so that the overall height of the crane is then further reduced.

This has the advantage that it is now also possible to drive through height-limiting obstacles that were previously impassable, so that detours are no longer necessary. It is also advantageous that a crane in which the erecting frame can be folded or folded down (or can also be erected) has a lower center of gravity, which is advantageous for the vehicle, for example a ship, at the front. The lowering of the total height also has the effect that the area exposed to wind of the crane, which is in its transport state, also has the effect is reduced, so that this also results in advantages when transporting the crane on the vehicle carrying the crane.

According to a further development of the invention, it can be provided that the swivel joint of the pull rod can be locked in order to fix the erecting frame in its erected position, preferably with the swivel joint being locked via a hydraulic cylinder.

If the erecting frame is in its erect position, a locking mechanism of the swivel joint of the pull rod ensures that it is rigid. In this case, hydraulic cylinders can be used which fix the mutually movable sections of the tension rod so that the boom can be erected in the usual way.

The swivel joint of the pull rod divides the straight course of the pull rod in its erected position of the erecting frame into two mutually movable sections, which are preferably movable relative to each other about a kind of hinge joint. By pivoting the two sections towards each other, the pull rod is folded and its height is reduced as a result.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the crane can be designed, when the boom is put down, the erecting frame is in an erected state and the swivel joint is unlocked, to lower the erecting frame by actuating the pull-in mechanism, preferably with the erecting frame being raised during lowering the weight of the stored boom.

By adding rope length, it is possible for the erecting frame to swivel towards the ground in the opposite direction to the boom. The weight of the erecting frame is held by the stored boom, which can be lowered due to the foldable or pivotable pull rod.

It can be provided that the swivel joint of the tension rod is a hinge joint, with its axis of rotation preferably being parallel to the axis of rotation of the erectable boom.

According to the invention, it can also be provided that the boom and the erecting stand can be set down in mutually opposite directions.

According to a further modification, the crane further comprises a crane base from which the boom and the erecting trestle extend and on which the drawing-in mechanism is preferably arranged.

The crane base is thus the starting point for both the boom and the erecting frame and has corresponding joints in order to attach both the boom and the erecting frame to the crane base in an erectable manner.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the erecting stand has a deflection pulley at its distal end region for guiding a cable of the drawing-in mechanism.

With this pulley, a rope that engages the boom is deflected. If you shorten the rope length, the boom is raised with the erecting trestle fixed and set up.

If, on the other hand, the erecting stand has not yet been set up, but rather is put down, a reduction in the rope length due to the lower weight of the erecting stand compared to the boom leads to an erecting stand until it has assumed its final, upright position. The swivel joint is then locked so that the erecting stand remains in its upright position regardless of the added rope length.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the boom has a deflection pulley at its distal end region for guiding a cable of the drawing-in mechanism. Alternatively for this purpose, however, a simple attachment of the rope to the boom can also be provided.

If, on the other hand, a deflection pulley is provided at the distal end area of the boom or boom element, the rope is typically guided back towards the erecting frame, where it is then fixed. This reduces the forces required to erect the boom.

According to a further optional development of the invention, it can be provided that the erecting stand comprises a rigid rod-like element in addition to the pull rod, which is connected to the pull rod in the deflection area of the cable of the draw-in mechanism via a swivel joint. If the pull rod were not designed to be foldable, the erecting stand could not be put down. The rigid rod-like element can be pivoted at its end facing the crane base, so that the rod-like element can be folded down when the pull rod is "folded".

Accordingly, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the boom, the rigid rod-like element and also the tension rod are each arranged on a crane base via an associated swivel joint, with the axes of rotation of the swivel joints arranged on the crane base preferably being arranged parallel to one another.

Furthermore, the axis of rotation of the swivel joint, which divides the tension rod into two mutually rotatable sections, can also be parallel to the axes of rotation of the other swivel joints.

In addition, the crane can also be equipped with a storage winch for picking up a certain rope length of the rope operated by the drawing-in mechanism, the storage winch preferably being arranged on the erecting trestle, in particular on the pull rod or the rigid rod-like element.

The additional rope length required for lowering the erecting trestle can accordingly first be transferred from the storage winch to the pull-in winch, in order then to lower the erecting trestle by actuating the pulling-in winch. The advantage of this implementation is that when the erecting frame is erected, the pull-in winch only has to wind as many layers of rope as is necessary for active crane operation. This in turn has a positive effect on the winding behavior of the pull-in winch, since it has to set less unused rope in motion during operation.

The crane can also be provided with a storage point for supporting the stored tension rod in its storage position in order to relieve the pulling mechanism.

Accordingly, there is therefore a stop point or a stop receptacle for supporting or receiving a section of the tension rod in a folded-in state. By placing the erecting stand, more precisely part of the pull rod, the draw-in mechanism can be relieved, so that the lowered state of the erecting stand can also be assumed for longer periods of time.

According to a further optional modification of the present invention, it can also be provided that the swivel joint of the tension rod has a mechanical stop in order to prevent the tension rod from being deposited in the direction of the boom.

According to the invention it can also be provided that the erecting stand, preferably the pull rod in its fully upright position, is directed slightly obliquely away from the boom, in order to fold it backwards, i.e. away from the boom, when the swivel joint of the pull rod is unlocked.

Furthermore, according to an advantageous modification of the invention, it can be provided that the erection frame is put down by gravity, with the hydraulic cylinders provided for locking the swivel joint preferably supporting the putting down by means of a corresponding bias.

In an advantageous embodiment, the invention also includes a lock for the boom in a stored or lowered position. The advantage of this is that when the trestle is put down, its total weight is not held solely by the weight of the boom itself, but rather the locking gives the system additional stability. By locking the boom, it is also possible to fold down a stand that would raise an unlocked boom due to its mass.

Fig. 1:

einen schematischen Grundaufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Krans mit einem aufgerichteten Aufrichtbock,

Fig. 2:

einen schematischen Grundaufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Krans mit einem abgelegten Aufrichtbock, und

Fig. 3:

einen schematischen Grundaufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Krans, das den aufgerichteten und den abgelegten Aufrichtbock in einer gemeinsamen Darstellung wiedergibt.

Further features, details and advantages are evident from the following description of the figures. Show:

Fig. 1:

a schematic basic structure of the crane according to the invention with an erected erecting trestle,

Fig. 2:

a schematic basic structure of the crane according to the invention with a stored erecting trestle, and

Fig. 3:

a schematic basic structure of the crane according to the invention, which reproduces the erected and the deposited erecting trestle in a common representation.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the crane 1 according to the invention. A boom 2 extends from a crane base 12 and is shown in FIG Fig. 1 is shown in an already stored or lowered state. The boom 2 is coupled to the crane base 12 via a base swivel joint 19 so that the boom 2 can be pivoted on this base swivel joint 19. The pivot axis 3 extends essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the boom 2. The boom 2 including any load attached to the boom 2 is held by the draw-in mechanism 6. The load radius (that is, the radius of the crane 1) can be changed by actuating the pull-in mechanism 6 become. The geometry of the erecting frame 4 is selected in such a way that an optimum of system forces is created via favorable leverage ratios.

At the end of the boom 2 remote from the crane base 12, a deflection pulley 14 is provided, which cooperates with a cable 5 extending therefrom at an angle upwards. This rope 5 is guided via an erecting trestle 4 to a cable winch 6 (also: pulling-in) arranged on the crane base 12, so that a reduction in the length of the rope in the case of a rigid erecting trestle 4 results in the boom 2 being erected.

In the present case, the erecting frame 4 comprises a pull rod 7 and an optional further rod-like element 15, which can be rigid. At the end facing the crane base 12, both the pull rod 7 and the rod-like element 15 have a base swivel joint 17, 18 which enables a pivoting movement. The axes of rotation of the basic swivel joints 17, 18 and 19 are present parallel, although this does not have to be the case in principle for the invention. The tension rod 7 and the rod-like element 15 are connected to one another at their ends remote from the crane base 12 via a swivel joint 16 in the form of a hinge joint. Furthermore, the pull rod 7 is arranged further away from the boom 2 than the rod-like element 15, that is to say is offset to the rear with respect to the rod-like element 15.

The pull rod 7 is not formed in one piece, but rather comprises two sections 9, 10 which can be folded towards one another and which can be moved or rotated towards one another via a swivel joint 8. Because of this swivel joint 8, it is possible to lower the erecting frame 4 to the rear, that is to say away from the boom 2, in order to reduce the maximum height of the crane during transport or the like.

The erecting frame 4 can integrate the retraction mechanism 6 of the boom 2, with which the boom angle can be adjusted. The boom 2 including the load is held by the retraction mechanism 6, the load radius (overhang) can be changed by actuating the retraction mechanism 6.

In order to be able to put down / fold the erecting frame 4, the pull rod 7 has the additional swivel joint 8 with which two sections 9, 10 of the pull rod 7 can be rotated relative to one another. In crane operation, i.e. when the erecting frame 4 is erected, this joint 8 is locked and ensures a straight alignment of the two sections 9, 10 which make up the pull rod 7. The joint 8 is then unlocked for the setting down of the erecting frame 4. The joint lock takes place via one or more hydraulic cylinders 11. The folding of the erecting frame 4 takes place primarily or exclusively via the draw-in mechanism 6. As soon as the additional swivel joint 8 arranged in the pull rod 7 is unlocked, the entire mass of the erecting frame 4 only hangs in the draw-in mechanism 6. The Retraction mechanism 6 is supported on boom 2 or on its own weight. The support can be provided by the boom weight or an additional boom lock (not shown). The center of gravity of the erecting frame 4 causes the erecting frame 4 to fold down to the rear. In the present case, the section 9 of the pull rod 7 facing the crane base 12 rotates clockwise away from the boom, so that the tip region of the erecting frame 4 facing away from the crane base 12 is lowered. With the support of the hydraulic cylinders 11, which span the swivel joint 8, that is to say are arranged on both one section 9 and the other section 10 of the tension rod 7, a contribution can be made to the controlled folding down of the tension rod 7.

The lower section 9 is rotated backwards and downwards through an angular range of approx. 140 ° to 170 ° until the section 9 rests on a placement point 21 of the crane base 12.

The lowering movement of the trestle 4 can essentially be divided into two parts, initially only the swivel joint 8 is moved into an open position, which leads to a lowering of the trestle tip due to the simultaneous rotation of the lower section 9 backwards and downwards. The upper section 10 remains in approximately the same orientation in this phase, but works of course already with a circular arc shape, which is predetermined by the rotation of the lower section on the base swivel joint 18.

If the swivel joint 8 is in its maximally open position (visible for example in Fig. 2 ), the overall arrangement of the two sections 9, 10 is rotated back and down around the base swivel joint 18, so that ultimately the in Fig. 2 shown position reached.

This process can also be supported by hydraulic cylinders 11 in the form of a preload. The hydraulic cylinders can also ensure that the pull rod 7 is specifically converted into a lowering movement. A mechanical stop 22 prevents the pull rod 7 from being deflected forwards. Furthermore, a deflection to the front by the dead weight of the erecting frame 4 is prevented, since its components are arranged in such a way that it folds backwards in an unlocked state and when the cable is added.

The depositing process is carried out by a depository 21 (cf. Fig. 2 ) which receives the first section 9 and / or the second section 10 of the tension rod 7. The shelf can be designed in such a way that longer transit journeys of the ship or of the vehicle picking up the crane are possible. The pull-in system can be relieved, ie the pull-in ropes are load-free.

Fig. 3 shows the two different positions of the erecting frame 4 that can be achieved by means of the invention, the regular working position of the erecting frame 4 being shown in solid, continuous lines, whereas the folded or folded position of the erecting frame 4 is shown with dashed lines.

The height difference that can be achieved with the invention can be seen very well, so that the advantages possible with it are easy to understand.

Due to the different geometrical relationships between the erect and the laid-down state, a corresponding one is required for the laying down process longer rope 5 (or ropes for drawing-in units with double winches) required. With the erecting trestle erected, the additional rope length is stored either on the pull-in winch 6 or, as shown, on an optional additional storage winch 20.

In this way, during the laying process, either the required additional rope length can be unwound directly from the pull-in winch 6 or - if there is a storage winch 20 - the required additional rope length can first be transferred from the storage winch 20 to the pull-in winch 6, and then the erecting trestle 4 by actuating the pull-in winch 6 to drain.

The advantage of this system is that when the erecting trestle 4 is erected, the pull-in winch 6 only has to move as much rope 5 as is required for active crane operation, which in turn has a positive effect on the winding behavior of the pull-in winch 6. The cable winch 6 therefore does not have to rotate the cable length required for the setting down of the erecting frame during regular working operation, so that the efficiency of the cable winch 6 is improved.

Only when it is actually intended to lower the erecting frame 4 can the rope 5 be transferred from the storage winch 20 to the pull-in winch 6 by means of a rope transfer process. In this case, without changing the position of one of the structural components of the crane 1, rope 5 can be unwound from the storage winch 20 at a certain speed and wound up by the pull-in winch 6 at the same speed.

It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the erecting stand 4 can have several tension rods 7 of the aforementioned type. So is through the side view of the Figures 1-3 not excluded that there is at least one further tension rod 7 and / or at least one further rod-like element 15, which are arranged offset in the width direction of the crane 1 (that is, perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the boom 2). The multiple tension rods 7 and / or the multiple rod-like elements 15 can be attached to a common tip area of the Be erecting trestle 4 connected to one another, the basic principle of folding down the erecting frame 4, however, is not impaired.

List of reference symbols:

1

crane

2

boom

3

Axis of rotation of the boom

4th

Lifting stand

5

Rope of the drawing-in mechanism

6th

Draw-in mechanism

7th

Tension rod

8th

Swivel joint of the tension rod

9

first section of the tension rod

10

second section of the tension rod

11

Hydraulic cylinder

12th

Crane base

13th

Deflection roller of the erecting stand

14th

Deflection pulley of the boom

15th

rigid rod-like element

16

Connection swivel

17th

Base pivot of the rigid rod-like element

18th

Base swivel joint of the drawbar

19th

Base swivel joint of the boom

20th

Storage winch

21

Dump

22nd

attack

Claims (16)

Crane (1), in particular ship crane, comprising: a boom (2) which can be erected in its height about an axis of rotation (3), and an erecting trestle (4) for deflecting a rope (5) of a drawing-in mechanism (6) in order to erect the boom (2), characterized in that the erecting stand (4) can be raised in its height, and the erecting frame (4) comprises a pull rod (7) which has a swivel joint (8) in order to rotate a first section (9) of the pull rod (7) with respect to a second section (10) of the pull rod (7). Crane (1) according to claim 1, wherein the swivel joint (8) of the tension rod (7) can be locked in order to fix the erecting frame (4) in its erected position, preferably with locking of the swivel joint (8) via a hydraulic cylinder (11) he follows. Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the crane (1) is designed to do so when the boom (2) is put down, the erecting trestle (4) is in an erected state and the swivel joint (8) is unlocked, lowering the erecting frame (4) by actuating the retraction mechanism (6), preferably wherein the erecting frame (4) rests on the during lowering The weight of the stored boom (2) is supported and / or lowered in a direction opposite to the boom. Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the swivel joint (8) is a hinge joint, with its axis of rotation preferably being parallel to the axis of rotation of the erectable boom (2). Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the boom (2) and the erecting trestle (4) can be set down in mutually opposite directions. Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a crane base (12) from which the boom (2) and the erecting trestle (4) extend and the drawing-in mechanism (6) is preferably arranged. Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the erecting trestle (4) has a deflection roller (13) for guiding a rope (5) of the drawing-in mechanism (6) at its distal end region. Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the jib (2) has a deflection pulley (14) at its distal end region for guiding a rope (5) of the drawing-in mechanism (6). Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the erecting trestle (4) comprises, in addition to the tension rod (7), a rigid rod-like element (15) which is connected in the deflection area of the cable (5) of the drawing-in mechanism (6) via a connecting swivel joint ( 16) is connected to the tension rod (7). Crane (1) according to claim 9, wherein the boom (2), the rigid rod-like element (15) and also the tension rod (7) are each arranged on a crane base (12) via an associated base swivel joint (17, 18, 19) are, wherein the axes of rotation of the base swivel joints (17, 18, 19) arranged on the crane base (12) are preferably arranged parallel to one another. Crane (1) according to claim 10, wherein the axis of rotation of the swivel joint (8), which divides the tension rod (7) into two mutually rotatable sections (9, 10), is also parallel to the axis of rotation of the basic swivel joints (17, 18, 19 ) is. Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further with a storage winch (20) for picking up a certain rope length of the rope (5) operated with the pull-in mechanism (6), the storage winch (20) preferably on the erecting trestle (4), in particular is arranged on the tension rod (7) or the rigid rod-like element (15) according to claim 9. Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a depositing point (21) for supporting the deposited tension rod (7) in its depositing position in order to relieve the pulling mechanism (6). Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the swivel joint (8) of the tension rod (7) has a mechanical stop (22) in order to prevent the tension rod (7) from being deposited in the direction of the boom (2). Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the erecting trestle (4) in its fully erected position is directed slightly obliquely away from the boom (2) in order to move backwards when the swivel joint (8) of the tension rod (7) is unlocked , i.e. away from the boom (2), fold down. Crane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the erecting frame (4) being deposited by gravity, the hydraulic cylinders (11) provided for locking the swivel joint (8) preferably supporting the depositing by means of a corresponding bias.

Images