EP3824814A1 - Évaluation de données tomographiques mesurées - Google Patents

Évaluation de données tomographiques mesurées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3824814A1
EP3824814A1 EP19210887.6A EP19210887A EP3824814A1 EP 3824814 A1 EP3824814 A1 EP 3824814A1 EP 19210887 A EP19210887 A EP 19210887A EP 3824814 A1 EP3824814 A1 EP 3824814A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tomographic data
data
measured
image quality
quality indicator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19210887.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Maurice Leonardus Anna Stassen
Thomas Netsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips NV
Priority to EP19210887.6A priority Critical patent/EP3824814A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2020/082314 priority patent/WO2021099282A1/fr
Priority to BR112022009646A priority patent/BR112022009646A2/pt
Priority to US17/776,261 priority patent/US20220386978A1/en
Priority to EP20804298.6A priority patent/EP4061229A1/fr
Priority to CN202080080631.2A priority patent/CN114727792A/zh
Priority to JP2022527827A priority patent/JP2023503821A/ja
Publication of EP3824814A1 publication Critical patent/EP3824814A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/5205—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A61B6/0407—Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/46—Arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
    • A61B6/461—Displaying means of special interest
    • A61B6/463—Displaying means of special interest characterised by displaying multiple images or images and diagnostic data on one display
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/4818—MR characterised by data acquisition along a specific k-space trajectory or by the temporal order of k-space coverage, e.g. centric or segmented coverage of k-space
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
    • G01R33/543—Control of the operation of the MR system, e.g. setting of acquisition parameters prior to or during MR data acquisition, dynamic shimming, use of one or more scout images for scan plane prescription
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
    • G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
    • G01R33/565—Correction of image distortions, e.g. due to magnetic field inhomogeneities
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/003—Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
    • G06T11/005—Specific pre-processing for tomographic reconstruction, e.g. calibration, source positioning, rebinning, scatter correction, retrospective gating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10072—Tomographic images
    • G06T2207/10088—Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20081—Training; Learning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20084—Artificial neural networks [ANN]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30168—Image quality inspection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to tomographic imaging methods, in particular to magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography
  • tomographic imaging methods data is acquired from a subject and are reconstructed into tomographic images.
  • Tomographic images such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography involve the use of expensive medical imaging systems.
  • the raw diagnostic engine includes a medical imaging diagnostic controller implementing a dimension reduction pre-processor for selecting or extracting one or more dimension reduced feature vectors from the raw medical imaging data, and further implementing a raw diagnostic artificial intelligence engine for rendering a diagnostic assessment of the raw medical imaging data as represented by the dimension reduced feature vector(s).
  • the medical imaging diagnostic controller may further control a communication of the diagnostic assessment of the raw medical imaging data (e.g., a display, a printing, an emailing, a texting, etc.).
  • the invention provides for a medical instrument, a method and a computer program product in the independent claims. Embodiments are given in the dependent claims.
  • tomographic imaging techniques involve expensive medical imaging systems to acquire measured tomographic data.
  • the operator of the medical imaging system waits until the tomographic image has been reconstructed from the measured tomographic data. The operator then examines the tomographic image and decides if the image is of sufficient quality or not. The operator then decides to discharge the subject or to reacquire the measured tomographic data. This introduces a delay for the subject and reduces the number of subjects which can be imaged by the medical imaging system.
  • Embodiments may provide for means saving time by inputting the measured tomographic data into a tomographic data assessment module before reconstruction of the tomographic image.
  • the measured tomographic data assessment module provides an image quality indicator which may for example be used to predict the quality of the tomographic image if it is reconstructed.
  • the operator can for example make the decision to discharge the subject or to reacquire the measured tomographic data on the basis of the image quality indicator. If the subject is discharged the tomographic image may be reconstructed from the measured tomographic data at a later time.
  • the invention provides for a medical instrument that comprises a memory storing machine-executable instructions and a tomographic data assessment module.
  • the medical instrument further comprises a processor that is configured for controlling the medical instrument.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the processor to receive measured tomographic data.
  • the measured tomographic data is configured for being reconstructed into a tomographic image of a subject.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to receive an image quality indicator in response to inputting the measured tomographic data into the tomographic data assessment module.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is configured for generating an image quality indicator in response to inputting the measured tomographic data.
  • the measured tomographic data used herein encompasses the measured data from a medical imaging system.
  • the measured tomographic data may include measured data from a magnetic resonance imaging system and a computed tomography system.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to provide the image quality indicator to an operator using an operator signaling system.
  • the image quality indicator operates in some examples directly on the measured tomographic data.
  • This embodiment may be beneficial because it may provide for a means of assessing the quality of the tomographic image before it has been reconstructed. For example, if there is a lengthy and complicated reconstruction algorithm for reconstructing the tomographic image from the measured tomographic data it may consume a large amount of time. The image quality indicator may therefore be used to decide to reacquire the measured tomographic data without a delay in the reconstruction of the tomographic image.
  • the medical instrument further comprises a medical imaging system configured for acquiring the measured tomographic data from an imaging zone.
  • the memory further comprises medical imaging system control commands configured for controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the measured tomographic data.
  • the medical imaging system may comprise various components which need to be operated in a coordinated fashion as a function of time.
  • the medical imaging system control commands may be used to control these various components to acquire the measured tomographic data.
  • a concrete example is the pulse sequence or pulse sequence commands used by a magnetic resonance imaging system and various components and amplifiers are controlled in concert to acquire the measured tomographic data.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to acquire the measured tomographic data by controlling the medical imaging system with the medical imaging system control commands.
  • the medical imaging system further comprises a subject support for moving at least a portion of the subject within the imaging zone.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to control the subject support to move the at least a portion of the subject within the imaging zone before controlling the medical imaging system to acquire the measured tomographic data.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to provide the image quality indicator to the operator using the operator signaling system while the subject is still supported at least partially within the imaging zone.
  • This embodiment may be beneficial because when the subject is still within the imaging zone the measured tomographic data may be reacquired.
  • the use of the tomographic data assessment module enables the quality of the measured tomographic data to be assessed while the subject is still within the medical imaging system. This provides an opportunity to reacquire data if necessary.
  • the medical imaging system is a magnetic resonance imaging system.
  • the medical imaging system control commands are pulse sequence commands.
  • the measured tomographic data is k-space data.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging systems acquire data in k-space which is then Fourier transformed into the final tomographic image.
  • the tomographic image is a magnetic resonance image.
  • the reconstruction algorithms for reconstructing a magnetic resonance image may be very time and computationally intensive. This embodiment may be beneficial because it provides the opportunity to assess whether the measured tomographic data will likely result in a quality tomographic image or not. This enables subjects to be discharged before the tomographic image has been reconstructed. This may result in significant savings in the amount of time that each subject uses for the magnetic resonance imaging system.
  • the pulse sequence commands are according to a compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging protocol configured for acquiring the measured tomographic data from multiple magnetic resonance imaging antennas.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is configured for at least partially providing the image quality indicator using magnetic resonance data from a single magnetic resonance antenna selected from the multiple magnetic resonance imaging antennas.
  • compressed sensing data is acquired from multiple antenna or antenna elements and each of these is used to reconstruct an image.
  • Coil sensitivity profiles are then used to combine these images into a single magnetic resonance image or images. By using the data from a single antenna this may reduce the amount of time necessary to reconstruct a trial image or to examine the data. This may result in a large acceleration of the time used to generate the image quality indicator.
  • the pulse sequence commands are according to a self-navigating magnetic resonance imaging protocol that embeds self-navigator data within the k-space data. Often times the central region of k-space can be repeatedly measured or oversampled so that the data can be used as a self-navigator. This embodiment may be beneficial because it may be useful in measuring the degree of motion of the subject.
  • the medical imaging system is a computed tomography imaging system.
  • the measured tomographic data comprises measured X-ray attenuation profiles.
  • This embodiment may also be beneficial because the reconstruction algorithms for computed tomography may also take a significant amount of time to produce the finished tomographic image. This may be particularly true in cases where the computed tomography system makes measurements at multiple X-ray tube voltages or X-ray energies.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is configured for accelerating the generation of the image quality indicator by subsampling the measured tomographic data.
  • the measured tomographic data may be a very large dataset that is acquired over a period time.
  • the amount of data which is necessary to perform a reconstruction may be reduced by just taking a portion of this measured tomographic data. This may result in for example a lower quality or an image with lower contrast which contains less information but may still be useful in assessing the overall quality of the measured tomographic data.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is configured for accelerating the generation of an image quality indicator by reconstructing a low-resolution image from the measured tomographic data.
  • the low-resolution image has a lower resolution than the tomographic image.
  • the generation of the image quality indicator is accelerated by reconstructing a single slice of the tomographic image from the measured tomographic data. This may for example be useful in reducing the amount of data necessary to obtain the image quality indicator.
  • the measured tomographic data comprises redundant data.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is configured to at least partially generate the image quality indicator using the redundant data.
  • the medical imaging system could be configured to make identical measurements several times during the course of acquiring the measured tomographic data. These measurements could then be compared to each other to note such things as degradation in image quality or movement of the subject.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is implemented as a neural network trained to receive as input the measured tomographic data and in response output the image quality indicator.
  • the neural network essentially receives the raw (measured tomographic data) data from the medical imaging system and then outputs the image quality indicator.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is implemented as a logic module configured to receive as input the measured tomographic data and in response output the image quality indicator.
  • the predetermined logic module may for example be a rule-based module that when certain conditions are indicated the image quality indicator is assigned.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is implemented as an operator-controlled module configured to generate and display intermediate images for approval by the operator.
  • the operator-controlled module may display a dialogue box on a graphical user interface which displays the image quality indicator or values on the display. The operator may then for example click whether the data or image is sufficient or acceptable.
  • execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to store the measured tomographic data in a tomographic data database system of a remote processing system if the image quality indicator meets a predetermined criterion.
  • This predetermined criterion may be used to indicate that the measured tomographic data is acceptable.
  • the remote processing system is configured to retrieve the measured tomographic data from the tomographic data database and then to reconstruct the tomographic image from the measured tomographic data.
  • a different system reconstructs the tomographic image. This for example may enable a subject to be discharged immediately and then the tomographic image to be reconstructed at a later date or time.
  • the remote processing system is implemented at a separate location from the medical instrument.
  • the remote processing system may also be implemented as a cloud or virtual system.
  • the operator signaling system further comprises a computer display configured for displaying the image quality indicator.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to perform the action of displaying a reacquired data message to the operator if the image quality indicator does not meet the predetermined criterion.
  • the image quality indicator may be assigned a binary value of an insufficient image quality classification. In this case the message is then relayed to the operator to reacquire the measured tomographic data.
  • execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to display a discharge subject message to the operator if the image quality indicator meets the predetermined criteria. For example, if the image quality indicator is a binary value which indicates that the measured tomographic data meets or has a sufficient image quality indicator then the subject may be discharged.
  • the discharge subject message may for example instruct the operator to remove the subject from a medical imaging system.
  • the memory further comprises an instruction database comprising operator instructions that describe how to improve the measured tomographic data quality. Execution of the machine-executable instructions further cause the processor to retrieve the operator instructions from the instruction database if the reacquire data message is displayed. Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to display the operator instructions on the display if the reacquire data message is displayed on the display.
  • the image quality indicator is a binary indicator which indicates a sufficient image quality and an insufficient image quality. Actions by the medical may easily be assigned on the basis of this binary value. A predetermined criterion for evaluating the binary indicator would be a chosen state of the binary indicator.
  • the image quality indicator is a numerical indicator.
  • a numerical value may be assigned to the image quality indicator.
  • a predetermined criterion for evaluating the numerical indicator would be a chosen value to use as a threshold.
  • the image quality indicator is a lower contrast and/or lower resolution image than the tomographic image.
  • the image quality indicator may be used by a machine algorithm or a human to evaluate the quality of the measured tomographic data.
  • a trained neural network or other machine learning algorithm could for example be used to evaluate the image quality indicator and compared to a predetermined criterion.
  • the image quality indicator comprises an operator provided assessment. For example, a box may be displayed on a user interface which is then checked or evaluated by the operator.
  • the binary indicator, the image quality indicator, and/or the numerical indicator could be displayed for evaluation by an operator.
  • the invention provides for a method of operating a medical instrument.
  • the method comprises receiving measured tomographic data.
  • the measured tomographic data is configured for being reconstructed into a tomographic image of a subject.
  • the method further comprises receiving an image quality indicator by inputting the measured tomographic data into a tomographic data assessment module.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is configured for generating an image quality indicator in response to inputting the measured tomographic data.
  • the method further comprises providing the image quality indicator to an operator using an operator signaling system.
  • the invention provides for a computer program product comprising machine-executable instructions and a tomographic data assessment module.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions causes the processor to receive measured tomographic data.
  • the measured tomographic data is configured for being reconstructed into a tomographic image of a subject.
  • the machine-executable instructions further cause the processor to receive an image quality indicator by inputting the measured tomographic data into the tomographic data assessment module.
  • the tomographic data assessment module is configured for generating an image quality indicator in response to inputting the measured tomographic data.
  • Execution of the machine-executable instructions further causes the processor to provide the image quality indicator to an operator using an operator signaling system.
  • aspects of the present invention may be embodied as an apparatus, method or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a "circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer executable code embodied thereon.
  • the computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium.
  • a 'computer-readable storage medium' as used herein encompasses any tangible storage medium which may store instructions which are executable by a processor of a computing device.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be referred to as a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may also be referred to as a tangible computer readable medium.
  • a computer-readable storage medium may also be able to store data which is able to be accessed by the processor of the computing device.
  • Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: a floppy disk, a magnetic hard disk drive, a solid state hard disk, flash memory, a USB thumb drive, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, and the register file of the processor.
  • Examples of optical disks include Compact Disks (CD) and Digital Versatile Disks (DVD), for example CD-ROM, CD-RW, CD-R, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, or DVD-R disks.
  • the term computer readable-storage medium also refers to various types of recording media capable of being accessed by the computer device via a network or communication link.
  • a data may be retrieved over a modem, over the internet, or over a local area network.
  • Computer executable code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire line, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer executable code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • a computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • 'Computer memory' or 'memory' is an example of a computer-readable storage medium.
  • Computer memory is any memory which is directly accessible to a processor.
  • 'Computer storage' or 'storage' is a further example of a computer-readable storage medium.
  • Computer storage is any non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiment's computer storage may also be computer memory or vice versa.
  • a 'processor' as used herein encompasses an electronic component which is able to execute a program or machine executable instruction or computer executable code.
  • References to the computing device comprising "a processor” should be interpreted as possibly containing more than one processor or processing core.
  • the processor may for instance be a multi-core processor.
  • a processor may also refer to a collection of processors within a single computer system or distributed amongst multiple computer systems.
  • the term computing device should also be interpreted to possibly refer to a collection or network of computing devices each comprising a processor or processors.
  • the computer executable code may be executed by multiple processors that may be within the same computing device or which may even be distributed across multiple computing devices.
  • Computer executable code may comprise machine executable instructions or a program which causes a processor to perform an aspect of the present invention.
  • Computer executable code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages and compiled into machine executable instructions.
  • the computer executable code may be in the form of a high level language or in a pre-compiled form and be used in conjunction with an interpreter which generates the machine executable instructions on the fly.
  • the computer executable code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
  • These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • a 'user interface' as used herein is an interface which allows a user or operator to interact with a computer or computer system.
  • a 'user interface' may also be referred to as a 'human interface device.
  • a user interface may provide information or data to the operator and/or receive information or data from the operator.
  • a user interface may enable input from an operator to be received by the computer and may provide output to the user from the computer.
  • the user interface may allow an operator to control or manipulate a computer and the interface may allow the computer indicate the effects of the operator's control or manipulation.
  • the display of data or information on a display or a graphical user interface is an example of providing information to an operator.
  • the receiving of data through a keyboard, mouse, trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, graphics tablet, joystick, gamepad, webcam, headset, pedals, wired glove, remote control, and accelerometer are all examples of user interface components which enable the receiving of information or data from an operator.
  • a 'hardware interface' as used herein encompasses an interface which enables the processor of a computer system to interact with and/or control an external computing device and/or apparatus.
  • a hardware interface may allow a processor to send control signals or instructions to an external computing device and/or apparatus.
  • a hardware interface may also enable a processor to exchange data with an external computing device and/or apparatus. Examples of a hardware interface include, but are not limited to: a universal serial bus, IEEE 1394 port, parallel port, IEEE 1284 port, serial port, RS-232 port, IEEE-488 port, Bluetooth connection, Wireless local area network connection, TCP/IP connection, Ethernet connection, control voltage interface, MIDI interface, analog input interface, and digital input interface.
  • a 'display' or 'display device' as used herein encompasses an output device or a user interface adapted for displaying images or data.
  • a display may output visual, audio, and or tactile data. Examples of a display include, but are not limited to: a computer monitor, a television screen, a touch screen, tactile electronic display, Braille screen,
  • Cathode ray tube (CRT), Storage tube, Bi-stable display, Electronic paper, Vector display, Flat panel display, Vacuum fluorescent display (VF), Light-emitting diode (LED) displays, Electroluminescent display (ELD), Plasma display panels (PDP), Liquid crystal display (LCD), Organic light-emitting diode displays (OLED), a projector, and Head-mounted display.
  • An operator signaling system may be a display.
  • Measured tomographic data as used here encompasses the measured signals recorded during a tomographic imaging technique. Examples include Magnetic Resonance imaging and Computed Tomography.
  • K-space data is defined herein as being the recorded measurements of radio frequency signals emitted by atomic spins using the antenna of a Magnetic resonance apparatus during a magnetic resonance imaging scan.
  • k-space data is an example of measured tomographic data.
  • a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) image or MR image is defined herein as being the reconstructed two-, three-, or four- dimensional visualization of anatomic data contained within the k-space data and is an example of a tomographic image. This visualization can be performed using a computer.
  • MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • X-ray attenuation profiles are defined herein as being the recorded measurements of X-ray attenuation measurements made during a computed tomography scan. X-ray attenuation profiles are example of measured tomographic data.
  • a Computer Tomography (CT) image is defined herein as being the reconstructed two- or three-dimensional visualization of anatomic data from the X-ray attenuation profiles. This visualization can also be performed using a computer.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a medical instrument 100.
  • the medical instrument is shown as comprising a computer 102 that has a processor 106 that is connected to a hardware interface 104, a user interface 108, and a memory 110.
  • the hardware interface 104 may include components that enable the processor 106 to communicate or control them.
  • the hardware interface 104 may also include one or more network interfaces.
  • the processor 106 may be representative of one or more processors and/or processing cores.
  • the user interface 108 may provide a means for an operator to interact with the computer 102.
  • the user interface 108 may therefore provide a display or other operator signaling system.
  • the memory 110 may be any combination of memory which is accessible for use by the processor 106.
  • the memory 110 is shown as containing machine-executable instructions 120.
  • the machine-executable instructions 120 contain instructions which enable the processor 106 to control the function of the medical instrument 100 as well as provide various calculation and data processing tasks.
  • the memory 110 is further shown as containing a tomographic data assessment module 122.
  • the tomographic data assessment module receives raw tomographic data or measured tomographic data 124 as input and then outputs an image quality indicator 126.
  • the memory 110 is shown as containing measured tomographic data 124 and then as output from the tomographic data assessment module 122 also contains the image quality indicator 126.
  • the memory 110 is shown as further containing a rendering of the image quality indicator 128 which may be used or displayed using the user interface 108.
  • Fig. 2 shows a flowchart which illustrates a method of operating the medical instrument 100 of Fig. 1 .
  • the measured tomographic data 124 is received.
  • the measured tomographic data 124 is input into the tomographic data assessment module 122 and in response the image quality indicator 126 is received.
  • the image quality indicator 126 is provided to the operator.
  • the rendering of the image quality indicator 128 may be displayed using the user interface 108.
  • the current workflow of an MRI or CT scan consists of the following steps.
  • step 3 can take quite some time. During this time the operator as well as the patient are waiting. This can be very inconvenient for the patient, since he/she is in an uncomfortable position and/or in a noisy and/or claustrophobic environment, particularly for MRI. The operator may feel he/she are wasting their time, while being under time pressure.
  • the computer for the above workflow should be as powerful as possible to keep the reconstruction time as short as possible.
  • Examples may replace the current time-consuming reconstruction, step 3 in the workflow above, with an algorithm that determines based on the raw data (measured tomographic data) whether the scan has been successful or not.
  • This algorithm may to require significantly less time than the actual reconstruction of a tomographic image from the measured tomographic data.
  • the patient Based on the assessment of the algorithm (the image quality indicator), the patient can be dismissed. Therefore, the patient as well as the operator do not need to wait anymore.
  • the actual reconstruction of the tomographic image may be performed at a later moment, but in time for the radiologist to have the image ready when needed.
  • the computer that does the reconstruction can now be less powerful since the reconstruction time is no longer a time critical step in the workflow.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a further example of a medical instrument 300.
  • a remote processing system 302 is shown.
  • the remote processing system 302 can be part of the medical instrument 300.
  • the medical instrument 300 is shown as comprising the computer 102.
  • the items in Fig. 3 are arranged in a functional manner.
  • the medical instrument 300 is further shown as comprising a medical imaging system 310 which is used to acquire the measured tomographic data 124. This is then input into the tomographic data assessment module 122.
  • the tomographic assessment module 122 in this case is used to either provide a sufficient image quality indicator 126' or an insufficient image quality indicator 126".
  • the remote processing system 302 comprises a computer 304.
  • the computer is configured to retrieve the measured tomographic data 124 from the tomographic data database 306 and construct the tomographic image 308 from it.
  • the operator may be displayed a display reacquire data message 312. The operator can then reacquire the measured tomographic data 124. In some instances, the reacquisition of the measured tomographic data 124 may be automated.
  • Fig. 3 The workflow with delayed reconstruction as illustrated in Fig. 3 may be summarized as:
  • step 3 An example of an algorithm for step 3 would to be to only reconstruct a single slice, without any advanced processing. Another option would be for the scanner to add (a small amount) of additional raw data which allows fast checks. Next to the scanner output, the algorithm could make use of additional sensors (cameras) mounted to the scanner. For example, if the patient has not moved during the scan, it is more likely the scan was successful.
  • additional sensors cameras
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a further example of a medical instrument 400.
  • the example shown in Fig. 4 is similar to that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 except the medical instrument 400 additionally comprises a magnetic resonance imaging system 402.
  • the magnetic resonance imaging system 402 comprises a magnet 404.
  • the magnet 404 is a superconducting cylindrical type magnet with a bore 406 through it.
  • the use of different types of magnets is also possible; for instance it is also possible to use both a split cylindrical magnet and a so called open magnet.
  • a split cylindrical magnet is similar to a standard cylindrical magnet, except that the cryostat has been split into two sections to allow access to the iso-plane of the magnet, such magnets may for instance be used in conjunction with charged particle beam therapy.
  • An open magnet has two magnet sections, one above the other with a space in-between that is large enough to receive a subject: the arrangement of the two sections area similar to that of a Helmholtz coil. Open magnets are popular, because the subject is less confined. Inside the cryostat of the cylindrical magnet there is a collection of superconducting coils.
  • an imaging zone 408 where the magnetic field is strong and uniform enough to perform magnetic resonance imaging.
  • the magnetic resonance data that is acquired typically acquired for the field of view.
  • the magnetic field gradient coils 410 are intended to be representative. Typically magnetic field gradient coils 410 contain three separate sets of coils for spatially encoding in three orthogonal spatial directions.
  • a magnetic field gradient power supply supplies current to the magnetic field gradient coils. The current supplied to the magnetic field gradient coils 410 is controlled as a function of time and may be ramped or pulsed.
  • a radio-frequency coil 414 Adjacent to the imaging zone 408 is a radio-frequency coil 414 for manipulating the orientations of magnetic spins within the imaging zone 408 and for receiving radio transmissions from spins also within the imaging zone 408.
  • the radio frequency antenna may contain multiple coil elements.
  • the radio frequency antenna may also be referred to as a channel or antenna.
  • the radio-frequency coil 414 is connected to a radio frequency transceiver 416.
  • the radio-frequency coil 414 and radio frequency transceiver 416 may be replaced by separate transmit and receive coils and a separate transmitter and receiver. It is understood that the radio-frequency coil 414 and the radio frequency transceiver 416 are representative.
  • the radio-frequency coil 414 is intended to also represent a dedicated transmit antenna and a dedicated receive antenna.
  • the transceiver 416 may also represent a separate transmitter and receivers.
  • the radio-frequency coil 414 may also have multiple receive/transmit elements and the radio frequency transceiver 416 may have multiple receive/transmit channels. For example if a parallel imaging technique such as SENSE is performed, the radio-frequency could 414 will have multiple coil elements.
  • the transceiver 416 and the gradient controller 412 are shown as being connected to the hardware interface 404 of the computer system 402.
  • the memory 110 is further shown as containing pulse sequence commands 330.
  • the pulse sequence commands could for example contain a label which may be compared to the subject pose label 142. This may be used as a quality control check.
  • the pulse sequence commands 430 may be considered to be a protocol.
  • the measured tomographic data is now k-space data 124'.
  • the memory 110 is further shown as containing pulse sequence commands 430.
  • the pulse sequence commands are an example of the medical imaging system control commands.
  • the image quality indicator 126 can be used to determine if the k-space data 124' is transferred to the remote processing system 302.
  • the remote processing system 302 is also shown as comprising a computer 304 as well as a hardware interface 104', a processor 106, a user interface 108', and a memory 110'.
  • the memory 110' is further shown as containing machine-executable instructions 450.
  • the memory 110' is further shown as containing the tomographic data database 306.
  • the memory 110' is further shown as containing the k-space data 124' that has been transferred from the computer 102.
  • the k-space data 124' may for example be stored or retrieved from the tomographic data database 306.
  • the machine-executable instructions 450 enable the processor 106' to reconstruct the tomographic image 308 from the k-space data 124'.
  • the memory 110 is further shown as optionally containing an operator instruction database 422.
  • the operator instruction database 422 contains instructions which may be used to provide to the operator for improving the acquisition of the tomographic data when it is reacquired.
  • the memory 110 is further shown as containing operator instructions 424 that have been retrieved from the operator instruction database 422 in response to the image quality indicator 126 not being sufficient and retriggering the reacquisition of the measured tomographic data 124'.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a further example of a medical instrument 500.
  • the example in Fig. 5 is similar to that in Fig. 4 except the magnetic resonance imaging system 402 of Fig. 4 has been replaced with a CT or computed tomography system 502 in Fig. 5 .
  • the CT system 502 comprises a rotating gantry 504.
  • the gantry 504 rotates about an axis of rotation 506.
  • Within the gantry 504 is the X-ray tube 510.
  • the subject support 420 is shown as being supported by an optional subject support actuator 522.
  • the subject 418 can be brought into the image zone 516.
  • the subject support actuator 522 can hold the subject 418 there until the image quality indicator 126 meets a predetermined criterion and enables it to forward the tomographic data to the remote processing system 302.
  • the X-ray tube 510 produces X-rays 514 that pass through the subject 418 and are received by a detector 512. Within the area of the box 516 is an imaging zone where CT or computer tomography images of the subject 418 can be made.
  • the CT system 502 is shown as being controlled by computer system 102.
  • the hardware interface 104 allows the processor 106 to exchange messages and control the CT system 502.
  • the measured tomographic data is X-ray attenuation profiles 124".
  • the X-ray attenuation profiles 124" may be forwarded to the remote processing system 302.
  • the functioning of the tomographic data database 306 is analogous to that of Fig. 4 .
  • the computer 304 may then reconstruct the X-ray attenuation profiles 124" into the tomographic image 308.
  • the remote processing system 302 in Figs. 4 and 5 may sometimes be part of the medical instrument 400 or 500.
  • Fig. 6 shows a flowchart which illustrates a method of operating the medical instruments illustrated in Figs. 3 , 4 or 5 .
  • the medical instrument is controlled to acquire the measured tomographic data 124, 124' or 124".
  • steps 200-204 are performed as is illustrated in Fig. 2 .
  • step 206 is performed; this is a decision box.
  • the question is "does the imaging quality indicator satisfy a predetermined criterion?" If the answer is yes then the method proceeds to box 604.
  • box 604 a message is displayed informing the operator to discharge the subject. Step 604 may be optional.
  • step 606 is performed.
  • step 606 the measured tomographic data 124, 124', 124" is stored in the tomographic data database 306.
  • step 608 is performed.
  • the tomographic data 124, 124', 124" is retrieved from the tomographic data database 306.
  • step 608 in step 610 the tomographic image 308 is reconstructed from the measured tomographic data 124, 124', 124".
  • step 612 is optional.
  • step 612 the measured tomographic data message is displayed to the operator. This informs the operator that the data from the acquisition should be reacquired.
  • step 614 and step 616 are also optional.
  • operator instructions 434 are retrieved from the instruction database 432 in response to the image quality indicator 126 not meeting a predetermined criterion. This information may help the operator to reacquired the data with a higher quality.
  • steps 612, 614 and 616 are performed the method returns to step 600 and the system reacquires the measured tomographic data 124, 124', 124". If steps 612, 614 or 616 are not performed the method proceeds directly from step 602 to step 600.
  • a computer program may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

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EP19210887.6A EP3824814A1 (fr) 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 Évaluation de données tomographiques mesurées
PCT/EP2020/082314 WO2021099282A1 (fr) 2019-11-22 2020-11-17 Évaluation de données tomographiques mesurées
BR112022009646A BR112022009646A2 (pt) 2019-11-22 2020-11-17 Instrumento médico, método de operação de um instrumento médico e produto de programa de computador
US17/776,261 US20220386978A1 (en) 2019-11-22 2020-11-17 Assessment of measured tomographic data
EP20804298.6A EP4061229A1 (fr) 2019-11-22 2020-11-17 Évaluation de données tomographiques mesurées
CN202080080631.2A CN114727792A (zh) 2019-11-22 2020-11-17 评估测量的断层摄影数据
JP2022527827A JP2023503821A (ja) 2019-11-22 2020-11-17 測定される断層撮影データの評価

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