EP3815240A1 - Rotating electrical machine provided with a current sensor and a diagnostic module - Google Patents

Rotating electrical machine provided with a current sensor and a diagnostic module

Info

Publication number
EP3815240A1
EP3815240A1 EP19748862.0A EP19748862A EP3815240A1 EP 3815240 A1 EP3815240 A1 EP 3815240A1 EP 19748862 A EP19748862 A EP 19748862A EP 3815240 A1 EP3815240 A1 EP 3815240A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric machine
diagnostic module
current
rotary electric
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19748862.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mostafa Kadiri
Pierre Faverolle
Matthieu MALLEVAEY
Ludovic DOFFE
Gauthier RYCKEBOER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS filed Critical Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Publication of EP3815240A1 publication Critical patent/EP3815240A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/049—Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • H02H7/0844—Fail safe control, e.g. by comparing control signal and controlled current, isolating motor on commutation error
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/25—Devices for sensing temperature, or actuated thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/27—Devices for sensing current, or actuated thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to mechanical injury, e.g. rupture of line, breakage of earth connection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotary electrical machine provided with a current sensor and a diagnostic module.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application with alternators and alternator-starters fitted to motor vehicles.
  • rotary electrical machines comprise two coaxial parts, namely a rotor and a stator surrounding the body of the rotor.
  • the rotor may be integral with a driving and / or driven rotor shaft and may belong to a rotating electric machine in the form of an alternator, as described for example in documents EP0803962 and W002 / 093717, or of a motor. electric as described for example in document EP0831580.
  • the rotary electrical machine may be reversible as described for example in documents WO01 / 69762, W02004 / 040738, W02006 / 129030 and FR3005900. Such a reversible synchronous electric machine is called an alternator-starter.
  • the electric machine transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy, in particular to supply consumers and / or recharge a battery.
  • the electric machine operates in alternator mode, in particular during the regenerative braking phases. which are very common. The electric machine and its sub-components are thus stressed at their operating limit.
  • the invention aims to fill this need by proposing a rotary electric machine comprising:
  • a voltage regulator capable of adapting an excitation current applied to the rotor winding as a function of a difference between an output voltage of the rotary electric machine and a reference voltage
  • At least one current sensor disposed at the output of the rotating electrical machine or on at least one phase of the rotating electrical machine
  • a diagnostic module capable of detecting a malfunction of the rotating electric machine from a current measurement from the current sensor.
  • the invention thus makes it possible, thanks to the use of the current sensor and the diagnostic module, to detect and inform the motor control of a possible failure and / or of a drift in the performance of the rotating electric machine.
  • the diagnostic module is integrated into the regulator.
  • the diagnostic module is an external module with respect to the regulator.
  • the diagnostic module is able to estimate, via a law of variation of a voltage drop across the terminals of a rectifying component, a junction temperature of this rectifying component.
  • the diagnostic module is able to limit this junction temperature to protect this rectifying component.
  • the diagnostic module is capable of detecting a failure on a phase of the rotating electric machine from the current measurement originating from the current sensor.
  • the diagnostic module is able to determine a theoretical efficiency of the rotary electric machine and to compare it with a reference efficiency to deduce a possible drift representative of a degradation of performance of the rotating electric machine.
  • the diagnostic module is able to measure a ripple of an output current of the rotating electrical machine and to detect a failure of the rotating electrical machine in the event that a current variation over a period of the output current exceeds a reference value.
  • the diagnostic module is capable of establishing a diagnostic of the operation of the rotary electric machine from measurements of the output current of the rotary electric machine and measurements of the excitation current.
  • the diagnostic module is capable of detecting a performance drift of a rectifying component from a measurement of a voltage drop at a given current of said rectifying component.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention having an alternator output current sensor and a diagnostic module integrated in the regulator;
  • - Figure 1b is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment with an external diagnostic module
  • - Figure 2a is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention having a generator phase current sensor and a diagnostic module integrated in the regulator;
  • - Figure 2b is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment with an external diagnostic module
  • - Figure 3 is a graphical representation of a map for determining a torque from a speed of rotation of the machine for a given excitation current
  • FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of a variation of the output current whose measurement using the current sensor according to the invention allows to detect a malfunction of the electric machine;
  • - Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the measured and expected curves obtained in the alternator current / excitation current plane for detecting a malfunction of the electric machine
  • - Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a phase voltage for determining the voltage drop of a rectifier component in the on state
  • FIG. 7 is a variation law stored in the regulator or the external diagnostic module making it possible to determine the temperature of a rectifier component of diode shape
  • FIG. 8 is a graphical representation illustrating the detection by the diagnostic module of a performance drift which can be detected by measuring a voltage and a current of a rectifying component.
  • FIGS 1 a and 1 b schematically represent a rotary electrical machine 10, in the form of an alternator, comprising a stator 11 and a rotor 12 provided with a coil 13.
  • the rotor 12 is capable of generating a magnetic flux interacting with the stator 1 1.
  • the stator 1 1 comprises a winding 14 having several phases Ph1 -PhN connected to an AC / DC converter 16.
  • a stator 11 with three phases Ph1 -Ph3 is shown in a nonlimiting manner for example.
  • the stator 1 1 may more generally include N phases, N being an integer.
  • N could for example be 3 for a three-phase stator, 5 for a five-phase stator, 6 for a hexaphasic stator, 7 for a heptaphasic stator, etc ... or be any integer.
  • the AC / DC converter 16 is typically formed by rectifying components 17 represented here by diodes but can also take the form of MOSFET type transistors. In this case, the AC / DC converter 16 is reversible in order to transform the direct voltage of the battery 19 into an alternating voltage supplying the winding phases Ph1 -PhN to operate the machine in motor mode.
  • the output voltage Liait measured between the terminal B + and the ground can be delivered to the battery 19 by the stator 1 1 via the converter 16. More specifically, electromotive forces are present in each of the phases Ph1 -PhN of the stator winding 11 and are processed by the converter 16 to generate the output voltage Liait.
  • a milk output current can be delivered to the battery 19 and to the electrical charges 22 by the stator 11 after treatment by the converter 16.
  • the electrical charges 22 are in this case connected in parallel with the battery 19.
  • the alternator 10 also includes a regulator 24 making it possible to control the output voltage linked to a reference voltage generally supplied by an engine computer 25 of the vehicle.
  • the regulator 24 adapts an excitation current lexc applied, by pulse width modulation, to the rotor winding 13 as a function of a difference between the output voltage Ualt of the alternator 10 and the reference voltage .
  • a current sensor 27 may be arranged at the output of the alternator 10 at the terminal B +, as shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b.
  • a current sensor 27 is disposed on at least phase Ph1 -PhN of the alternator 10.
  • a sensor 27 is used per phase, but it is alternatively possible to use a sensor 27 on a single phase and deduce the signals of the other phases from the measurements of this sensor.
  • a sensor 27 can take the form a Hall effect sensor or a resistance sensor called "shunt" in English.
  • a diagnostic module 30 is able to detect a malfunction of the alternator 10 on the basis of the current measurement obtained from at least one current sensor 27.
  • the diagnostic module 30 can be integrated into the regulator 24, as shown in FIGS. 1a and 2a.
  • the regulator 24 communicates the information relating to the operation of the alternator 10 to the engine computer 25 via a communication bus of the LIN or CAN type for example.
  • the diagnostic module 30 is an external module, as shown in FIGS. 1b and 2b. This makes it easier to produce the regulator 24 which then has fewer integrated functionalities.
  • a communication is provided between the regulator 24 and the diagnostic module 30, between the regulator 24 and the engine computer 25, and a communication between the diagnostic module 30 and the engine computer 25.
  • These communications can also be established via a LIN or CAN type communication bus.
  • the diagnostic module 30 is able to determine a theoretical efficiency n of the alternator 10 from the following formula:
  • W being the speed of rotation determined using the frequency of a phase applied at the input of regulator 24,
  • the theoretical efficiency n is then compared with a reference efficiency to deduce a possible drift representative of a degradation in performance of the alternator 10.
  • the diagnostic module 30 is able to measure a ripple of an output current Alalt from the alternator 10 and to detect a failure in the case where a variation in current Alalt over a period output current exceeds a reference value. In particular, if over a period corresponding to the switching of each rectifying component 17, the current ripple Alalt becomes greater than a reference value, the diagnostic module 30 emits an alert signal intended for the engine computer 25.
  • the diagnostic module 30 is also able to establish an operating diagnosis of the alternator 10 from measurements of the milk output current from the alternator 10 and measurements of the current of lexc excitement. To this end, the difference between the measured curve Cmes obtained from several measurements of the milk and lexc currents and the expected curve Cth stored in memory of the diagnostic module 30 or of the engine computer 25 is compared. important, the module 30 emits an alert signal intended for the engine computer 25.
  • the junction temperature of the component by correlating the current measurement ld_mes and the voltage measurement Vd_mes carried out on the rectifying component 17, taking the form of a diode or of a transistor of the type MOSFET.
  • the diagnostic module 30 can then limit this junction temperature T to protect the component 17, in particular by limiting a milk output current from the alternator 10 in order to provide maximum power available to the vehicle while maintaining a maximum temperature admissible at level of component junctions 17.
  • the diagnostic module 30 may also detect a performance drift of a rectifying component 17 from a measurement of a voltage drop Vd_mes at a given current ld_mes.
  • the diagnostic module 30 deduces therefrom that the performance of the component 17 is degraded.
  • the diagnostic module 30 then alerts the engine computer 25 of a change of state of one or more components 17 via the sending of a corresponding alert message on the vehicle communication bus.
  • the measurements used by the diagnostic module 30 can be carried out if the heat engine and its components have a thermal equilibrium at ambient temperature.
  • a measurement order can be sent by the engine computer 25 when the ambient temperature and the engine temperature are very close with a difference for example of the order of plus or minus 5 ° C.
  • communication of this temperature could be envisaged to the regulator 24 or to the diagnostic module 30 in order to compare the temperature of the chip of the regulator 24 and ensure a stabilized and cooled thermal state.
  • the diagnostic module 30 could launch a diagnosis of the state of the rectifying components 17.
  • the invention could also be implemented with a alternator-starter or an electric machine operating only in engine mode.

Abstract

The invention mainly relates to a rotating electrical machine (10) comprising: a rotor (12) provided with a rotor winding (13); a stator (11) provided with a winding (14) having a plurality of phases; a converter (16) comprising rectifying components (17) to which the phases of the stator (11) are connected; a voltage regulator (24) for adapting an excitation current (lexc) applied to the rotor winding (13) according to a difference between an output voltage (Liait) and a reference voltage; at least one current sensor (27) arranged at the output of the rotating electrical machine (10) or on at least one phase of the rotating electrical machine (10); and a diagnostic module (30) that can detect a malfunction of the rotating electrical machine (10) on the basis of a current measurement provided by the current sensor (27).

Description

MACHINE ÉLECTRIQUE TOURNANTE MUNIE D'UN CAPTEUR DE COURANT ET D'UN MODULE DE DIAGNOSTIC  ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE HAVING A CURRENT SENSOR AND A DIAGNOSTIC MODULE
La présente invention porte sur une machine électrique tournante munie d'un capteur de courant et d'un module de diagnostic. L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse avec les alternateurs et les alterno- démarreurs équipant les véhicules automobiles. The present invention relates to a rotary electrical machine provided with a current sensor and a diagnostic module. The invention finds a particularly advantageous application with alternators and alternator-starters fitted to motor vehicles.
De façon connue en soi, les machines électriques tournantes comportent deux parties coaxiales à savoir un rotor et un stator entourant le corps du rotor. Le rotor pourra être solidaire d'un arbre de rotor menant et/ou mené et pourra appartenir à une machine électrique tournante sous la forme d'un alternateur, comme décrit par exemple dans les documents EP0803962 et W002/093717, ou d'un moteur électrique comme décrit par exemple dans le document EP0831580. La machine électrique tournante pourra être réversible comme décrit par exemple dans les documents WO01/69762, W02004/040738, W02006/129030 et FR3005900. Une telle machine électrique tournante réversible synchrone est appelé alterno-démarreur. In a manner known per se, rotary electrical machines comprise two coaxial parts, namely a rotor and a stator surrounding the body of the rotor. The rotor may be integral with a driving and / or driven rotor shaft and may belong to a rotating electric machine in the form of an alternator, as described for example in documents EP0803962 and W002 / 093717, or of a motor. electric as described for example in document EP0831580. The rotary electrical machine may be reversible as described for example in documents WO01 / 69762, W02004 / 040738, W02006 / 129030 and FR3005900. Such a reversible synchronous electric machine is called an alternator-starter.
En mode alternateur, la machine électrique transforme de l’énergie mécanique en énergie électrique pour notamment alimenter des consommateurs et/ou recharger une batterie. Afin de réduire sensiblement les émissions de particules polluantes dans les cycles d’homologations ou hors des cycles, c'est à dire dans la vraie vie de roulage du véhicule automobile, la machine électrique fonctionne en mode alternateur, notamment lors des phases de freinage récupératif qui sont très fréquentes. La machine électrique et ses sous-composants sont ainsi sollicités à leur limite de fonctionnement. In alternator mode, the electric machine transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy, in particular to supply consumers and / or recharge a battery. In order to significantly reduce the emission of polluting particles in the approval cycles or out of cycles, that is to say in the real driving life of the motor vehicle, the electric machine operates in alternator mode, in particular during the regenerative braking phases. which are very common. The electric machine and its sub-components are thus stressed at their operating limit.
Il existe donc le besoin d'implémenter des protections afin de maximiser les performances de la machine électrique tout en conservant un niveau élevé de fiabilité. There is therefore a need to implement protections in order to maximize the performance of the electric machine while maintaining a high level of reliability.
L'invention vise à combler ce besoin en proposant une machine électrique tournante comportant: The invention aims to fill this need by proposing a rotary electric machine comprising:
- un rotor muni d'un bobinage rotorique, - un stator muni d'un bobinage comportant plusieurs phases,- a rotor fitted with a rotor winding, - a stator provided with a winding comprising several phases,
- un convertisseur comportant des composants de redressement auxquels sont connectées les phases du stator, - a converter comprising rectifying components to which the phases of the stator are connected,
- un régulateur de tension apte à adapter un courant d'excitation appliqué au bobinage rotorique en fonction d'un écart entre une tension de sortie de la machine électrique tournante et une tension de référence,  a voltage regulator capable of adapting an excitation current applied to the rotor winding as a function of a difference between an output voltage of the rotary electric machine and a reference voltage,
caractérisée en ce que ladite machine électrique tournante comporte en outre: characterized in that said rotary electrical machine further comprises:
- au moins un capteur de courant disposé en sortie de la machine électrique tournante ou sur au moins une phase de la machine électrique tournante, et at least one current sensor disposed at the output of the rotating electrical machine or on at least one phase of the rotating electrical machine, and
- un module de diagnostic apte à détecter un dysfonctionnement de la machine électrique tournante à partir d'une mesure de courant issue du capteur de courant. - a diagnostic module capable of detecting a malfunction of the rotating electric machine from a current measurement from the current sensor.
L’invention permet ainsi, grâce à l'utilisation du capteur de courant et du module de diagnostic, de détecter et d’informer le contrôle moteur d’une éventuelle défaillance et/ou d'une dérive des performances de la machine électrique tournante. The invention thus makes it possible, thanks to the use of the current sensor and the diagnostic module, to detect and inform the motor control of a possible failure and / or of a drift in the performance of the rotating electric machine.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est intégré au régulateur. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is integrated into the regulator.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est un module externe par rapport au régulateur. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is an external module with respect to the regulator.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est apte à estimer, via une loi de variation d'une chute de tension aux bornes d'un composant de redressement, une température de jonction de ce composant de redressement. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is able to estimate, via a law of variation of a voltage drop across the terminals of a rectifying component, a junction temperature of this rectifying component.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est apte à limiter cette température de jonction pour protéger ce composant de redressement. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is able to limit this junction temperature to protect this rectifying component.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est apte à détecter une défaillance sur une phase de la machine électrique tournante à partir de la mesure de courant issue du capteur de courant. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is capable of detecting a failure on a phase of the rotating electric machine from the current measurement originating from the current sensor.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est apte à déterminer un rendement théorique de la machine électrique tournante et à le comparer avec un rendement de référence pour en déduire une éventuelle dérive représentative d'une dégradation de performances de la machine électrique tournante. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is able to determine a theoretical efficiency of the rotary electric machine and to compare it with a reference efficiency to deduce a possible drift representative of a degradation of performance of the rotating electric machine.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est apte à mesurer une ondulation d'un courant de sortie de la machine électrique tournante et à détecter une défaillance de la machine électrique tournante dans le cas où une variation de courant sur une période du courant de sortie dépasse une valeur de référence. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is able to measure a ripple of an output current of the rotating electrical machine and to detect a failure of the rotating electrical machine in the event that a current variation over a period of the output current exceeds a reference value.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est apte à établir un diagnostic de fonctionnement de la machine électrique tournante à partir de mesures de courant de sortie de la machine électrique tournante et de mesures du courant d'excitation. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is capable of establishing a diagnostic of the operation of the rotary electric machine from measurements of the output current of the rotary electric machine and measurements of the excitation current.
Selon une réalisation, le module de diagnostic est apte à détecter une dérive de performances d'un composant de redressement à partir d'une mesure d'une chute de tension à un courant donné dudit composant de redressement. According to one embodiment, the diagnostic module is capable of detecting a performance drift of a rectifying component from a measurement of a voltage drop at a given current of said rectifying component.
L’invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l’examen des figures qui l’accompagnent. Ces figures ne sont données qu’à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l’invention. - La figure 1 a est une représentation schématique d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ayant un capteur de courant de sortie de l'alternateur et un module de diagnostic intégré dans le régulateur; The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures which accompany it. These figures are given only by way of illustration but in no way limit the invention. - Figure 1a is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention having an alternator output current sensor and a diagnostic module integrated in the regulator;
- La figure 1 b est une représentation schématique d'une variante de réalisation à module de diagnostic externe; - La figure 2a est une représentation schématique d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ayant un capteur de courant de phases de l'alternateur et un module de diagnostic intégré dans le régulateur; - Figure 1b is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment with an external diagnostic module; - Figure 2a is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention having a generator phase current sensor and a diagnostic module integrated in the regulator;
- La figure 2b est une représentation schématique d'une variante de réalisation à module de diagnostic externe; - La figure 3 est une représentation graphique d'une cartographie permettant de déterminer un couple à partir d'une vitesse de rotation de la machine pour un courant d'excitation donné; - Figure 2b is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment with an external diagnostic module; - Figure 3 is a graphical representation of a map for determining a torque from a speed of rotation of the machine for a given excitation current;
- La figure 4 est une représentation graphique d'une variation du courant de sortie dont la mesure à l'aide du capteur de courant selon l'invention permet de détecter un dysfonctionnement de la machine électrique; - Figure 4 is a graphic representation of a variation of the output current whose measurement using the current sensor according to the invention allows to detect a malfunction of the electric machine;
- La figure 5 est une représentation graphique des courbes mesurée et attendue obtenues dans le plan courant alternateur/courant d'excitation permettant de détecter un dysfonctionnement de la machine électrique; - La figure 6 est une représentation schématique d'une tension de phase permettant de déterminer la chute de tension d'un composant de redressement à l'état passant; - Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the measured and expected curves obtained in the alternator current / excitation current plane for detecting a malfunction of the electric machine; - Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a phase voltage for determining the voltage drop of a rectifier component in the on state;
- La figure 7 est une loi de variation stockée dans le régulateur ou le module de diagnostic externe permettant de déterminer la température d'un composant de redressement de forme diode; FIG. 7 is a variation law stored in the regulator or the external diagnostic module making it possible to determine the temperature of a rectifier component of diode shape;
- La figure 8 est une représentation graphique illustrant la détection par le module de diagnostic d'une dérive de performance pouvant être détectée par mesure d'une tension et d'un courant d'un composant de redressement. - Figure 8 is a graphical representation illustrating the detection by the diagnostic module of a performance drift which can be detected by measuring a voltage and a current of a rectifying component.
Les éléments identiques, similaires, ou analogues conservent la même référence d'une figure à l'autre. Identical, similar, or analogous elements keep the same reference from one figure to another.
Les figures 1 a et 1 b représentent de façon schématique une machine électrique tournante 10, sous la forme d'un alternateur, comportant un stator 11 et un rotor 12 muni d'un bobinage 13. Le rotor 12 est apte à générer un flux magnétique interagissant avec le stator 1 1. Le stator 1 1 comprend un bobinage 14 ayant plusieurs phases Ph1 -PhN reliées à un convertisseur AC/DC 16. Sur les figues, on a représenté de façon non limitative un stator 11 à trois phases Ph1 -Ph3 à titre d'exemple. En effet, il est clair que le stator 1 1 pourra comporter plus généralement N phases, N étant un nombre entier. N pourra par exemple valoir 3 pour un stator triphasé, 5 pour un stator pentaphasé, 6 pour un stator hexaphasé, 7 pour un stator heptaphasé, etc... ou être un nombre entier quelconque. Figures 1 a and 1 b schematically represent a rotary electrical machine 10, in the form of an alternator, comprising a stator 11 and a rotor 12 provided with a coil 13. The rotor 12 is capable of generating a magnetic flux interacting with the stator 1 1. The stator 1 1 comprises a winding 14 having several phases Ph1 -PhN connected to an AC / DC converter 16. In the figs, a stator 11 with three phases Ph1 -Ph3 is shown in a nonlimiting manner for exemple. Indeed, it is clear that the stator 1 1 may more generally include N phases, N being an integer. N could for example be 3 for a three-phase stator, 5 for a five-phase stator, 6 for a hexaphasic stator, 7 for a heptaphasic stator, etc ... or be any integer.
Le convertisseur AC/DC 16 est typiquement formé par des composants de redressement 17 représentés ici par des diodes mais pouvant également prendre la forme de transistors de type MOSFET. Dans ce cas, le convertisseur AC/DC 16 est réversible afin de transformer la tension continue de la batterie 19 en une tension alternative alimentant les phases du bobinage Ph1 -PhN pour faire fonctionner la machine en mode moteur. The AC / DC converter 16 is typically formed by rectifying components 17 represented here by diodes but can also take the form of MOSFET type transistors. In this case, the AC / DC converter 16 is reversible in order to transform the direct voltage of the battery 19 into an alternating voltage supplying the winding phases Ph1 -PhN to operate the machine in motor mode.
Lors d'un fonctionnement de l'alternateur 10, la tension de sortie Liait mesurée entre la borne B+ et la masse peut être délivrée à la batterie 19 par le stator 1 1 par l'intermédiaire du convertisseur 16. Plus précisément, des forces électromotrices sont présentes dans chacune des phases Ph1 -PhN du bobinage du stator 1 1 et sont traitées par le convertisseur 16 pour générer la tension de sortie Liait. During operation of the alternator 10, the output voltage Liait measured between the terminal B + and the ground can be delivered to the battery 19 by the stator 1 1 via the converter 16. More specifically, electromotive forces are present in each of the phases Ph1 -PhN of the stator winding 11 and are processed by the converter 16 to generate the output voltage Liait.
De même, un courant de sortie lait peut être délivré à la batterie 19 et aux charges électriques 22 par le stator 1 1 après un traitement par le convertisseur 16. Les charges électriques 22 sont en l'occurrence connectées en parallèle de la batterie 19. Similarly, a milk output current can be delivered to the battery 19 and to the electrical charges 22 by the stator 11 after treatment by the converter 16. The electrical charges 22 are in this case connected in parallel with the battery 19.
L'alternateur 10 comporte également un régulateur 24 permettant d'asservir la tension de sortie Liait à une tension de référence fournie généralement par un calculateur moteur 25 du véhicule. A cet effet, le régulateur 24 adapte un courant d'excitation lexc appliqué, par modulation à largeur d'impulsion, au bobinage rotorique 13 en fonction d'un écart entre la tension de sortie Ualt de l'alternateur 10 et la tension de référence. The alternator 10 also includes a regulator 24 making it possible to control the output voltage linked to a reference voltage generally supplied by an engine computer 25 of the vehicle. To this end, the regulator 24 adapts an excitation current lexc applied, by pulse width modulation, to the rotor winding 13 as a function of a difference between the output voltage Ualt of the alternator 10 and the reference voltage .
En outre, un capteur de courant 27 pourra être disposé en sortie de l'alternateur 10 au niveau de la borne B+, tel que cela est montré sur les figures 1 a et 1 b. En variante, un capteur de courant 27 est disposé sur au moins phase Ph1 -PhN de l'alternateur 10. Dans l'exemple représenté, on utilise un capteur 27 par phase, mais on pourra en variante utiliser un capteur 27 sur une seule phase et déduire les signaux des autres phases à partir des mesures de ce capteur. Un capteur 27 pourra prendre la forme d'un capteur à effet Hall ou d'un capteur à résistance dit de type "shunt" en anglais. In addition, a current sensor 27 may be arranged at the output of the alternator 10 at the terminal B +, as shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b. As a variant, a current sensor 27 is disposed on at least phase Ph1 -PhN of the alternator 10. In the example shown, a sensor 27 is used per phase, but it is alternatively possible to use a sensor 27 on a single phase and deduce the signals of the other phases from the measurements of this sensor. A sensor 27 can take the form a Hall effect sensor or a resistance sensor called "shunt" in English.
Un module de diagnostic 30 est apte à détecter un dysfonctionnement de l'alternateur 10 à partir de la mesure de courant issue d'au moins un capteur de courant 27. A diagnostic module 30 is able to detect a malfunction of the alternator 10 on the basis of the current measurement obtained from at least one current sensor 27.
Le module de diagnostic 30 pourra être intégré au régulateur 24, tel que cela est représenté sur les figures 1 a et 2a. Dans ce cas, le régulateur 24 communique les informations relatives au fonctionnement de l'alternateur 10 au calculateur moteur 25 via un bus de communication de type LIN ou CAN par exemple. The diagnostic module 30 can be integrated into the regulator 24, as shown in FIGS. 1a and 2a. In this case, the regulator 24 communicates the information relating to the operation of the alternator 10 to the engine computer 25 via a communication bus of the LIN or CAN type for example.
Alternativement, le module de diagnostic 30 est un module externe, tel que montré sur les figures 1 b et 2b. Cela permet de faciliter la réalisation du régulateur 24 qui présente alors moins de fonctionnalités intégrées. Dans ce cas, on prévoit une communication entre le régulateur 24 et le module de diagnostic 30, entre le régulateur 24 et le calculateur moteur 25, et une communication entre le module de diagnostic 30 et le calculateur moteur 25. Ces communications pourront être établies également via un bus de communication de type LIN ou CAN. Alternatively, the diagnostic module 30 is an external module, as shown in FIGS. 1b and 2b. This makes it easier to produce the regulator 24 which then has fewer integrated functionalities. In this case, a communication is provided between the regulator 24 and the diagnostic module 30, between the regulator 24 and the engine computer 25, and a communication between the diagnostic module 30 and the engine computer 25. These communications can also be established via a LIN or CAN type communication bus.
Le module de diagnostic 30 est apte à déterminer un rendement théorique n de l'alternateur 10 à partir de la formule suivante: The diagnostic module 30 is able to determine a theoretical efficiency n of the alternator 10 from the following formula:
n = Pelec/Pmeca = (Ualt x lait) / (CxQ), n = Pelec / Pmeca = (Ualt x milk) / (CxQ),
- Pelec étant la puissance électrique de l'alternateur et Pmeca étant la puissance mécanique de l'alternateur,  - Pelec being the electrical power of the alternator and Pmeca being the mechanical power of the alternator,
- Ualt étant la tension de sortie de l'alternateur 10 mesurée par le régulateur 24,  Ualt being the output voltage of the alternator 10 measured by the regulator 24,
- lait étant le courant de sortie de l'alternateur 10 mesuré par le capteur de courant 27,  - milk being the output current of the alternator 10 measured by the current sensor 27,
- W étant la vitesse de rotation déterminée à l'aide de la fréquence d'une phase appliquée en entrée du régulateur 24,  W being the speed of rotation determined using the frequency of a phase applied at the input of regulator 24,
- C étant le couple de l’alternateur 10 résultant d’une cartographie de mesure réalisée au préalable en laboratoire et intégrée dans le module de diagnostic 30 ou le régulateur 24. Cette cartographie dont une représentation graphique est donnée en figure 3 permet de fournir la donnée de couple C pour le calcul de rendement n à partir de la vitesse de rotation W de l'alternateur 10 et d'un courant d'excitation lexc appliqué au rotor 12. C being the torque of the alternator 10 resulting from a measurement map carried out beforehand in the laboratory and integrated into the diagnostic module 30 or the regulator 24. This map, a graphical representation of which is given in FIG. 3, makes it possible to provide the torque data C for the calculation of efficiency n from the speed of rotation W of the alternator 10 and an excitation current lexc applied to the rotor 12.
Le rendement théorique n est ensuite comparé avec un rendement de référence pour en déduire une éventuelle dérive représentative d'une dégradation de performances de l'alternateur 10. The theoretical efficiency n is then compared with a reference efficiency to deduce a possible drift representative of a degradation in performance of the alternator 10.
Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, le module de diagnostic 30 est apte à mesurer une ondulation d'un courant de sortie Alalt de l'alternateur 10 et à détecter une défaillance dans le cas où une variation de courant Alalt sur une période du courant de sortie dépasse une valeur de référence. En particulier, si sur une période correspondant à la commutation de chaque composant de redressement 17, l'ondulation de courant Alalt devient supérieure à une valeur de référence, le module de diagnostic 30 émet un signal d'alerte à destination du calculateur moteur 25. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the diagnostic module 30 is able to measure a ripple of an output current Alalt from the alternator 10 and to detect a failure in the case where a variation in current Alalt over a period output current exceeds a reference value. In particular, if over a period corresponding to the switching of each rectifying component 17, the current ripple Alalt becomes greater than a reference value, the diagnostic module 30 emits an alert signal intended for the engine computer 25.
Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 5, le module de diagnostic 30 est également apte à établir un diagnostic de fonctionnement de l'alternateur 10 à partir de mesures de courant de sortie lait de l'alternateur 10 et de mesures du courant d'excitation lexc. A cet effet, on compare l'écart entre la courbe mesurée Cmes obtenue à partir de plusieurs mesures des courants lait et lexc et la courbe attendue Cth stockée en mémoire du module de diagnostic 30 ou du calculateur moteur 25. En cas d'écart trop important, le module 30 émet un signal d'alerte à destination du calculateur moteur 25. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the diagnostic module 30 is also able to establish an operating diagnosis of the alternator 10 from measurements of the milk output current from the alternator 10 and measurements of the current of lexc excitement. To this end, the difference between the measured curve Cmes obtained from several measurements of the milk and lexc currents and the expected curve Cth stored in memory of the diagnostic module 30 or of the engine computer 25 is compared. important, the module 30 emits an alert signal intended for the engine computer 25.
Par ailleurs, il est possible d’estimer la température de jonction du composant en corrélant la mesure de courant ld_mes et la mesure de tension Vd_mes effectuées sur le composant de redressement 17, prenant la forme d'une diode ou d'un transistor de type MOSFET. Furthermore, it is possible to estimate the junction temperature of the component by correlating the current measurement ld_mes and the voltage measurement Vd_mes carried out on the rectifying component 17, taking the form of a diode or of a transistor of the type MOSFET.
En effet, il est possible de connaître la tension V d du composant de redressement 17 à l'état passant lors d'une alternance négative de la tension de phase U_Ph (cf. figure 6) ainsi que le courant Id correspondant. Indeed, it is possible to know the voltage V d of the rectifying component 17 in the on state during a negative alternation of the phase voltage U_Ph (cf. FIG. 6) as well as the corresponding current Id.
A partir de ces deux valeurs, une loi de variation d'une chute de tension aux bornes d'un composant de redressement 17 de forme diode en fonction de la température représentée en figure 7, permet d’estimer une température T de jonction du composant. Cette loi de variation pourra être stockée dans le module de diagnostic 30 ou le régulateur 24. From these two values, a law of variation of a voltage drop across a diode rectifier component 17 as a function of the temperature represented in FIG. 7, makes it possible to estimate a temperature T of component junction. This variation law can be stored in the diagnostic module 30 or the regulator 24.
Le module de diagnostic 30 pourra ensuite limiter cette température T de jonction pour protéger le composant 17, notamment en limitant un courant de sortie lait de l'alternateur 10 afin de fournir un maximum de puissance disponible au véhicule tout en conservant une température maximum admissible au niveau des jonctions des composants 17. The diagnostic module 30 can then limit this junction temperature T to protect the component 17, in particular by limiting a milk output current from the alternator 10 in order to provide maximum power available to the vehicle while maintaining a maximum temperature admissible at level of component junctions 17.
Le module de diagnostic 30 pourra également détecter une dérive de performances d'un composant de redressement 17 à partir d'une mesure d'une chute de tension Vd_mes à un courant donné ld_mes. The diagnostic module 30 may also detect a performance drift of a rectifying component 17 from a measurement of a voltage drop Vd_mes at a given current ld_mes.
Par exemple, si le couple courant ld_mes / tension Vd_mes présente un écart E trop important avec la valeur de la courbe attendue Cref pour une température donnée, le module de diagnostic 30 en déduit que les performances du composant 17 sont dégradées. Le module de diagnostic 30 alerte alors le calculateur moteur 25 d'un changement d'état d'un ou de plusieurs composants 17 via l'envoi d'un message d'alerte correspondant sur le bus de communication du véhicule. For example, if the current couple ld_mes / voltage Vd_mes has too large a difference E with the value of the expected curve Cref for a given temperature, the diagnostic module 30 deduces therefrom that the performance of the component 17 is degraded. The diagnostic module 30 then alerts the engine computer 25 of a change of state of one or more components 17 via the sending of a corresponding alert message on the vehicle communication bus.
Les mesures utilisées par le module de diagnostic 30 pourront être effectuées si le moteur thermique et ses composants présentent un équilibre thermique à température ambiante. Par exemple, un ordre de mesure peut être envoyé par le calculateur moteur 25 lorsque la température ambiante et la température du moteur sont très proches avec un écart par exemple de l'ordre de plus ou moins 5°C. En outre, une communication de cette température pourrait être envisagée au régulateur 24 ou au module de diagnostic 30 afin de comparer la température de la puce du régulateur 24 et s’assurer d’un état thermique stabilisé et refroidi. The measurements used by the diagnostic module 30 can be carried out if the heat engine and its components have a thermal equilibrium at ambient temperature. For example, a measurement order can be sent by the engine computer 25 when the ambient temperature and the engine temperature are very close with a difference for example of the order of plus or minus 5 ° C. In addition, communication of this temperature could be envisaged to the regulator 24 or to the diagnostic module 30 in order to compare the temperature of the chip of the regulator 24 and ensure a stabilized and cooled thermal state.
Ainsi, dès l’allumage du moteur thermique et la génération de courant de l'alternateur 10, le module de diagnostic 30 pourrait lancer un diagnostic de l’état des composants de redressement 17. L'invention pourra également être mise en oeuvre avec un alterno-démarreur ou une machine électrique fonctionnant uniquement en mode moteur. Bien entendu, la description qui précède a été donnée à titre d'exemple uniquement et ne limite pas le domaine de l'invention dont on ne sortirait pas en remplaçant les différents éléments par tous autres équivalents. Thus, upon ignition of the heat engine and generation of current from the alternator 10, the diagnostic module 30 could launch a diagnosis of the state of the rectifying components 17. The invention could also be implemented with a alternator-starter or an electric machine operating only in engine mode. Of course, the foregoing description has been given by way of example only and does not limit the scope of the invention from which one would not depart by replacing the various elements with any other equivalent.
En outre, les différentes caractéristiques, variantes, et/ou formes de réalisation de la présente invention peuvent être associées les unes avec les autres selon diverses combinaisons, dans la mesure où elles ne sont pas incompatibles ou exclusives les unes des autres. In addition, the various features, variants, and / or embodiments of the present invention can be combined with one another in various combinations, insofar as they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive of one another.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Machine électrique tournante (10) comportant: 1. Rotating electric machine (10) comprising:
- un rotor (12) muni d'un bobinage rotorique (13),  - a rotor (12) provided with a rotor winding (13),
- un stator (1 1 ) muni d'un bobinage (14) comportant plusieurs phases (Ph1-PhN),  - a stator (1 1) provided with a winding (14) comprising several phases (Ph1-PhN),
- un convertisseur (16) comportant des composants de redressement (17) auxquels sont connectées les phases (Ph1-PhN) du stator (1 1 ),  - a converter (16) comprising rectifying components (17) to which the phases (Ph1-PhN) of the stator (11) are connected,
- un régulateur de tension (24) apte à adapter un courant d'excitation (lexc) appliqué au bobinage rotorique (13) en fonction d'un écart entre une tension de sortie (Liait) de la machine électrique tournante (10) et une tension de référence,  - a voltage regulator (24) able to adapt an excitation current (lexc) applied to the rotor winding (13) as a function of a difference between an output voltage (Liait) of the rotary electric machine (10) and a reference voltage,
caractérisée en ce que ladite machine électrique tournante (10) comporte en outre:  characterized in that said rotary electrical machine (10) further comprises:
- au moins un capteur de courant (27) disposé en sortie de la machine électrique tournante (10) ou sur au moins une phase (Ph1-PhN) de la machine électrique tournante (10), et  - at least one current sensor (27) disposed at the outlet of the rotary electric machine (10) or on at least one phase (Ph1-PhN) of the rotary electric machine (10), and
- un module de diagnostic (30) apte à détecter un dysfonctionnement de la machine électrique tournante (10) à partir d'une mesure de courant issue du capteur de courant (27).  - a diagnostic module (30) capable of detecting a malfunction of the rotary electrical machine (10) from a current measurement originating from the current sensor (27).
2. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est intégré au régulateur (24). 2. Rotating electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is integrated into the regulator (24).
3. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est un module externe par rapport au régulateur (24). 3. Rotating electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is an external module relative to the regulator (24).
4. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est apte à estimer, via une loi de variation d'une chute de tension aux bornes d'un composant de redressement (17), une température de jonction de ce composant de redressement (17). 4. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is capable of estimating, via a law of variation of a voltage drop across a component of rectifier (17), a junction temperature of this rectifier component (17).
5. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est apte à limiter cette température de jonction pour protéger ce composant de redressement (17). 5. Rotating electric machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is able to limit this temperature to protect this straightening component (17).
6. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est apte à détecter une défaillance sur une phase de la machine électrique tournante (10) à partir de la mesure de courant issue du capteur de courant (27). 6. rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is capable of detecting a failure on a phase of the rotary electric machine (10) from the measurement of current from the current sensor (27).
7. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est apte à déterminer un rendement théorique (n) de la machine électrique tournante (10) et à le comparer avec un rendement de référence pour en déduire une éventuelle dérive représentative d'une dégradation de performances de la machine électrique tournante (10). 7. rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is able to determine a theoretical efficiency (n) of the rotary electric machine (10) and to compare it with a reference yield to deduce a possible drift representative of a degradation in performance of the rotary electric machine (10).
8. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est apte à mesurer une ondulation d'un courant de sortie (Alalt) de la machine électrique tournante (10) et à détecter une défaillance de la machine électrique tournante (10) dans le cas où une variation de courant (Alalt) sur une période du courant de sortie dépasse une valeur de référence. 8. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is capable of measuring an undulation of an output current (Alalt) of the rotary electric machine (10) and detecting a failure of the rotary electrical machine (10) in the event that a change in current (Alalt) over a period of the output current exceeds a reference value.
9. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est apte à établir un diagnostic de fonctionnement de la machine électrique tournante (10) à partir de mesures de courant de sortie (lait) de la machine électrique tournante (10) et de mesures du courant d'excitation (lexc). 9. rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is capable of establishing a functional diagnosis of the rotary electric machine (10) from current measurements of output (milk) from the rotating electric machine (10) and from the excitation current measurements (lexc).
10. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le module de diagnostic (30) est apte à détecter une dérive de performances d'un composant de redressement (17) à partir d'une mesure d'une chute de tension (Vd) à un courant donné (Id) dudit composant de redressement (17). 10. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the diagnostic module (30) is capable of detecting a performance drift of a rectifying component (17) from a measurement a voltage drop (Vd) at a given current (Id) of said rectifying component (17).
EP19748862.0A 2018-06-27 2019-06-26 Rotating electrical machine provided with a current sensor and a diagnostic module Withdrawn EP3815240A1 (en)

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FR1855817A FR3083385B1 (en) 2018-06-27 2018-06-27 ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH A CURRENT SENSOR AND A DIAGNOSTIC MODULE
PCT/FR2019/051582 WO2020002839A1 (en) 2018-06-27 2019-06-26 Rotating electrical machine provided with a current sensor and a diagnostic module

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FR3083385A1 (en) 2020-01-03
WO2020002839A1 (en) 2020-01-02
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FR3083385B1 (en) 2022-01-21
CN112514239A (en) 2021-03-16

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