EP3810963A1

EP3810963A1 - Hydrodynamically effective sealing ring and rotary feedthrough with such a sealing ring

Info

Publication number: EP3810963A1
Application number: EP19730331.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andreas Laage
Original assignee: Konzelmann GmbH
Current assignee: Konzelmann GmbH
Priority date: 2018-06-19
Filing date: 2019-06-12
Publication date: 2021-04-28
Also published as: DE102018114701A1; US20210270373A1; WO2019243123A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a sealing ring as is used for sealing rotary feedthroughs of rotating shafts from a surrounding housing, and to a corresponding rotary feedthrough. Provision is made here for a radial bevel which is hydrodynamically effective in the radial direction to be provided on the at least one flank of the sealing ring and to be directed at an angle α towards the clamping surface into a flank surface of the flank, for the hydrodynamically effective radial bevel to have an extent of ≥0.3mm, preferably ≥0.5mm, in the radial direction, and for the hydrodynamically effective radial bevel to have a maximum depth of 20 µm to 50 µm axially in relation to the flank surface. Furthermore, provision is made for the clamping surface opposite the at least one lateral sealing flank to be directed at a decreasing angle β into an axial bevel which is hydrodynamically effective in the axial direction. A sealing ring of low friction and wear is provided by the hydrodynamically effective radial or axial bevel.

Description

Hydrodynamically effective sealing ring and rotating union with such a sealing ring

The invention relates to a sealing ring for mounting in a shaft groove or in a housing groove for sealing a rotating shaft against a fixed housing or the like, with at least one side flank for contact and sealing on a groove side wall of the shaft groove or the housing groove and with one indirectly on the flank or directly at an angle adjoining clamping surface for contact and sealing on the housing opposite the shaft groove or on the shaft opposite the housing groove.

The invention further relates to a rotary feedthrough with a rotatable shaft and a housing or the like which at least partially houses the shaft, a pressure space being arranged between the shaft and the housing and being sealed in the axial direction by a sealing ring arranged in a shaft groove or a housing groove , wherein the sealing ring has a lateral flank for contact and sealing on a groove side wall of the shaft groove or the housing groove and a clamping surface directly or at an angle adjoining the flank for contact and sealing on the housing opposite the shaft groove or on the shaft opposite the housing groove , For various types of gears in motor vehicle construction, it is provided to switch actuators by means of oil under high pressure. The oil is directed through a central, axially aligned bore of a rotating shaft to the respective actuators. Rotary feedthroughs are known for guiding the oil from stationary transmission parts into the central bore of the shaft. In such rotary unions, a pressure chamber is formed all around the shaft. The oil used for switching is introduced under high pressure from the outside. At least one radially oriented bore is led from the pressure chamber as an oil feed to the central bore of the shaft. The pressure chamber is sealed laterally by sealing rings, so that the oil cannot flow out or can only flow out to a small extent through a gap, as is formed between the rotating shaft and the stationary housing surrounding the shaft. The sealing ring is usually designed as a rectangular sealing ring that can be opened or closed on a lock. Such a sealing ring is then arranged in a circumferential groove in the shaft and bears with its outer clamping surface on the housing. Due to the oil pressure, the sealing ring is pressed with its outer clamping surface against the housing and with its flank facing away from the pressure chamber against the groove side wall facing away from the pressure chamber. The sealing ring thus seals with its flank and with its outer surface the outer outlet gap formed between the shaft and the housing.

In an alternative embodiment, the groove can also be arranged in the housing and the sealing ring can be accommodated in this groove. The clamping surface of the sealing ring is then formed by its inner lateral surface with which it is pressed against the surface of the shaft opposite the groove.

In order to achieve a low leakage, it is advantageous if the sealing rings are pressed against the opposite surfaces with a high surface pressure. However, this disadvantageously leads to high friction losses, which result in increased fuel consumption. As shown in the publicly available dissertation "Studies on the Function and Design of Rectangular Sealing Rings for Rotary Unions" (Mirco Gronitzki, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, 2006), the friction can be caused by a hydrostatic Relief level can be reduced. In such a hydrostatic relief stage, the flank of the sealing ring is set back in its area facing away from the clamping surface, for example by a step or by a slope, with respect to the flank area lying on the groove side wall. The area with which the flank facing away from the pressure chamber lies against the groove side wall is thus reduced. At the same time, the pressurized oil gets between the flank and the groove side wall in the relief stage. It thus counteracts the oil pressure that acts on the flank facing the pressure chamber. This reduces the force with which the non-recessed area of the flank is pressed against the groove side wall, which results in a reduced friction. The relief level enables a reduced contact area between the sealing ring and the groove side wall and at the same time a sufficiently large cross section of the sealing ring, so that it has the required mechanical stability. Furthermore, the relief step leads to an increased material thickness of the sealing ring in the radial direction, which leads to a reduction in the radial contact pressure of the sealing ring and thus a reduction in the friction along its clamping surface.

As further stated in the dissertation, hydrodynamically acting structures can also be provided on the sealing ring. In the present case, such hydrodynamically acting structures are formed as depressions in the flanks of the sealing ring, which form bevels that run against the direction of rotation of the sealing ring. As a result, the oil pressure rises particularly in the area of the ends of the slopes, so that the sliding surface is relieved.

From the document EP 1 992 851 B1 a sealing arrangement for sealing a rotating union for fluids between a shaft and a housing is known. In this case, hydrodynamic structures that act in the direction of rotation are introduced both on the flanks and on the lateral surface of the sealing ring provided. These form bevels running against the direction of rotation, the width of which also decreases in the opposite direction of rotation. The oil gap in the area of the hydrodynamically acting structures is thus contrary to the direction of rotation due to the tapered slopes as well as the width that decreases in each case the cross-section of the structures is reduced, whereby an additional increase in the hydrodynamic pressure build-up and thus an additional relief of the sliding surfaces is achieved. Since the hydrodynamically acting structures are provided both on the flanks and on the outer surface of the sealing ring, a further reduction in the friction losses can be achieved. The disadvantage of such structures which are oriented in the circumferential direction and which act hydrodynamically is the high production outlay. This applies in particular to sealing rings made of metal, in which the structures, which are only a few micrometers deep, have to be inserted in the flanks and the lateral surfaces in a periodic sequence.

US 2006/0055119 A1 shows a sealing ring for a rotating union, which can be introduced into a groove in a shaft. The sealing ring lies with its outer surface against a housing housing the shaft and with a flank against a side wall of the groove and is pressed against the housing and the groove side wall by the oil pressure. In order to be able to compensate for manufacturing tolerances with regard to maintaining the groove width over their entire fleas, the sealing ring has chamfers of different pitch introduced into the flanks on its side facing away from the outer lateral surface. The chamfers of different slopes alternate periodically in the circumferential direction, concave transition regions being arranged between the chamfers. When the sealing ring rotates, the concave transition areas create a hydrodynamic pressure build-up due to the gap widths that decrease in the opposite direction of rotation, which relieves the sliding surface. Furthermore, the chamfers are dimensioned in such a way that oil under pressure leads to hydrostatic relief in the area of the chamfers. For example, the steeper chamfer has an angle between 8 ° and 45 °, preferably between 14 ° and 18 ° and the flatter chamfer has an angle between 8 ° and 60 °, preferably 45 °. Thus, even when the sealing ring is not rotating, oil is under pressure in the area of the chamfers and thus leads to the hydrostatic relief described above.

It is an object of the invention to provide a sealing ring for rotary unions that can be easily manufactured with a good sealing effect and low friction losses. The object is achieved in that a radial chamfer which is hydrodynamically effective in the radial direction is attached to the at least one flank and which is transferred to the flank surface at an angle α into a flank surface of the flank such that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer in the radial direction Extent in the range of> 0.3mm, preferably> 0.5mm and that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer axially has a maximum depth in the range of 20pm to 50pm compared to the flank surface. As has surprisingly been shown, a chamfer starting in the radial direction with suitable dimensions on the flank of the sealing ring also leads to a hydrodynamic effect, which relieves the flank in the axial direction and thus reduces friction losses. The hydrodynamic pressure build-up takes place through oil, which is drawn into the gap formed between the chamfer and the groove side wall by the rotation. Compared to known chamfers, such as are provided for the formation of hydrostatic relief stages, the hydrodynamically acting radial chamfer is inclined significantly less. No hydrostatic pressure is thus formed in the area of the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer. The area thus contributes to the sealing of the sealing ring with respect to the groove side wall. The radially rising, hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer is much easier to produce than known hydrodynamic structures acting in the circumferential direction. In the case of such hydrodynamic structures acting in the circumferential direction, successive depressions and elevations are to be introduced into the flank of the sealing ring, which form the required bevels. In the end, such structures can only be produced using embossing processes with correspondingly complex shapes. The radially starting, hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer, on the other hand, can be produced in an embossing manner with much simpler shapes as well as in a cutting process, which considerably simplifies the manufacture of the sealing rings.

The object of the invention is further achieved in that the clamping surface opposite the at least one lateral sealing flank is transferred at a descending angle β into an axial chamfer which is hydrodynamically effective in the axial direction. When mounted, the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer thus shows in the direction of the pressure chamber to be sealed and increases, starting from the pressure chamber, towards the clamping surface. The hydrodynamically effective, axial chamfer creates a hydrodynamic load capacity in the radially outer area of the sealing ring, which is aligned radially. This relieves the sealing ring radially and reduces friction. The hydrodynamic pressure build-up takes place through oil, which is drawn by the rotation into the gap arranged between the chamfer and the housing opposite the shaft groove or the shaft opposite the housing groove. In addition to the reduced friction, the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer protects the housing against premature wear when the clamping surface provided with the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer bears against the housing. In particular, if the housing is made of aluminum, microcracks occur on the surface of the housing in the interface with the clamping surface of the sealing ring. As the microcracks continue to propagate, parts of the surface of the housing can detach along the interface. This leads to increased wear. After a long period of operation, the sealing ring grinds itself radially into the housing. It is then held in the axial direction both in the shaft groove of the shaft and in the ground groove on the housing. The shaft can then no longer be dismantled. The hydrodynamically acting axial chamfer at least largely prevents the formation of the microcracks and thereby significantly reduces the wear on the housing. This effectively prevents me from grinding the sealing ring into the housing and preventing the shaft from being removed.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the invention, it can be provided that the sealing ring has at least one hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer and at least one hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer. The formation of a hydrodynamically acting chamfer on the two pressed-on sliding surfaces of the sealing ring can minimize its friction and at the same time protect the housing against high wear. An optimized relief of the flank of the sealing ring can be achieved in that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer is transferred into the flank surface at an angle a of less than 15 ° and greater than 0.5 ° and / or that the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer is at an angle ß less than 15 ° and greater than 0.5 ° is transferred into the clamping surface. The respective sliding surface is relieved by a hydrodynamically effective radial and / or axial chamfer designed in this way, but a sufficient contact pressure is maintained so that the required sealing effect is ensured.

In order to relieve the flank of the sealing ring evenly and thus to achieve a uniform friction along the circumference and a uniform rotation of the sealing ring, it can be provided that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer and / or the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer is arranged all around on the sealing ring and is interrupted at a lock of the sealing ring. Such a chamfer, which is not or only interrupted at the lock, is advantageously simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture.

In addition to the hydrodynamic chamfer, a further relief of the sealing ring can be achieved in that a hydrostatic relief stage is arranged opposite the clamping surface and that a side surface of the hydrostatic relief stage is set back in relation to the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer. The hydrostatic relief step can be reset by means of a step or by an incline which, compared to the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer, has a significantly enlarged angle with respect to the flank surface. The hydrostatic relief stage provides additional relief for the sealing flank of the sealing ring. The surface of the flank rubbing against the groove side wall is reduced without the fleas (difference between the inner and the outer radius) of the sealing ring having to be reduced. A mechanically sufficiently stable sealing ring is thus obtained, the contact pressure acting between the clamping surface and the associated contact surface of the clamping surface being additionally reduced by the comparatively large fleas of the sealing ring. Exact centering of the sealing ring in the housing groove or the shaft groove can be achieved in that radially aligned centering cams are formed on the sealing ring opposite the clamping surface. The centering cams facilitate in particular the assembly of the shaft into the housing, since the sealing ring or rings are aligned in a radially symmetrical manner without the contact of the respective clamping surface on the housing or the shaft by the centering cams. This avoids an eccentric position of the sealing rings when mounting the shaft in the housing, in which the sealing rings would block the insertion of the shaft into the housing.

It can preferably be provided that the sealing ring is designed as an externally clamping sealing ring with a radially outwardly directed, outer clamping surface or as an internally clamping sealing ring with a radially inwardly directed, internal clamping surface. As an externally tensioning sealing ring, it can be inserted into a circumferential shaft groove introduced into the shaft and can be pressed with its outer circumferential surface onto a circumferential housing or the like. As an internally tensioning sealing ring, it is suitable for arrangements in which a housing groove is provided, into which the sealing ring is inserted. It is then pressed against the shaft with its internal clamping surface. In both cases, a hydrodynamically acting chamfer can be arranged on the respective sealing flank and / or on the clamping surface.

A simple assembly can be achieved in that the sealing ring is formed symmetrically to a central plane formed transversely to its axial direction. The sealing ring then has two flanks opposite one another and formed in mirror image to one another, on each of which a hydrodynamically acting radial chamfer is attached. Additionally or alternatively, a hydrodynamic axial chamfer can be provided on both sides of the clamping surface. A clamping ring designed in this way can be used in both possible mounting orientations.

The object of the invention relating to the rotary feedthrough is achieved in that a radial chamfer which is hydrodynamically effective in the radial direction and which faces the clamping surface is attached to the at least one flank of the sealing ring is transferred at an angle a into a flank surface of the flank, that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer has an extension in the radial direction of at least> 0.3 mm, preferably> 0.5 mm, that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer axially has a maximum depth in the range of 20 pm to 50pm with respect to the flank surface, that the sealing ring with its flank surface covers an outer outlet gap formed between the shaft and the housing or the like and facing away from the pressure chamber and in an abutment area lies against an outer groove side wall related to the pressure chamber and that the abutment area is in a radial direction Direction has an extent of greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. The hydrodynamic radial chamfer relieves the pressure on the flank of the sealing ring. This reduces the friction in this area. The at least provided contact area between the flank surface and the groove side wall avoids that the sealing ring merely rests on the groove side wall with its hydrodynamically acting radial chamfer, which on the one hand can lead to increased leakage and on the other hand at least reduces the hydrodynamic effectiveness of the radial chamfer.

It can preferably be provided that the clamping surface opposite the at least one lateral sealing flank is transferred at a decreasing angle β into an axial chamfer that is hydrodynamically effective in the axial direction. Due to the hydrodynamically acting axial chamfer adjoining the clamping surface, the friction between the clamping surface and the adjoining interface of the shaft or the housing or the like is reduced. At the same time, increased wear on the housing can be avoided.

The rotary feedthrough preferably has at least one sealing ring with at least one of the features described above.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Show it: 1 is a side sectional view of a rotary union with two first external sealing rings,

2 shows a perspective side view of a first external sealing ring shown in FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 in an enlarged lateral sectional view in the figures

1 and 2 shown first external sealing ring,

3a shows the sealing rings according to FIG. 3 in a modified embodiment,

4 shows an enlarged lateral sectional view of a second external sealing ring,

5 is a further enlarged sectional side view of a third external sealing ring,

6 is a side sectional view of a rotary union with two first internal sealing rings,

7 is a perspective side view of a first internal sealing ring shown in FIG. 6,

Fig. 8 in an enlarged sectional side view in the figures

6 and 7 shown first internal sealing ring,

Fig. 9 in an enlarged sectional side view a second inner sealing ring and

Fig. 10 shows a further enlarged side sectional view of a third internal sealing ring. Fig. 11 in an enlarged sectional side view the in the figures

1 to 3 shown first external sealing ring with a technical addition.

Figure 1 shows a side sectional view of a rotary union 10 with two first outer sealing rings 30.1. The representation and the representations of the following FIGS. 2 to 10 are not to scale.

The first outer-tensioning sealing rings 30.1 are each arranged in a groove space 22 of a shaft groove 14. The two shaft grooves 14 are incorporated all the way around in a shaft 12. The rotatably mounted shaft 12 is guided in a housing 11. Only a section of the housing 11 and the shaft 12 is shown. A pressure chamber 20 is formed as a circumferential recess in the shaft 12 between the first external sealing rings 30.1. The pressure chamber 20 is connected to a central bore 13 of the shaft 12 via a radially aligned oil feed 15. The central bore 13 runs axially along the central longitudinal axis of the shaft 12. In the area of the pressure chamber 20, the housing 11 is pierced by an inlet 11.1. In order to enable the shaft 12 to rotate freely within the housing 11, a gap is formed between the shaft 12 and the housing 11. The gap is sealed on both sides of the pressure chamber 20 by the two first outer sealing rings 30.1. An inner outlet gap 21.1 facing the pressure chamber 20 and an outer outlet gap 21.2 facing away from the pressure chamber 20 are thus formed. The first outer clamping sealing rings 30.1 are each pressed onto the housing 11 with an outer clamping surface 31.1. In the case of the first outer-tensioning sealing rings 30.1, the respective outer tensioning area 31.1 is formed by the outer jacket surface thereof.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the rotary feedthrough 10 is part of a vehicle transmission, not shown. In the transmission, actuators, for example a clutch or other switching elements, are operated by means of pressurized oil. The oil is supplied to the pressure chamber 20 via the inlet 11.1 of the housing 11. With the shaft 12 rotating, the oil is guided into the central bore 13 and along it to the actuators via the oil feed 15. In a functional reversal, the oil in the central bore 13 can pass through a corresponding rotary union 10 can also be removed. The oil under high pressure is then fed from the central bore 13 via the oil feed 15 to the pressure chamber 20 and from there to the inlet 11.1 of the housing 11. The oil can be supplied from the inlet 11.1 to a corresponding actuator, for example.

Depending on the application, the oil can have a pressure of up to 8 MPa and the shaft 12 can be operated at speeds of up to 15,000 revolutions / min. The first externally tensioning sealing rings 30.1 and correspondingly the further sealing rings 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 shown in FIGS. 4 to 10 seal the pressure space 20 along the gap formed between the shaft 12 and the housing 11, so that the required pressure is maintained and the oil leakage is kept low. Due to the high pressure and high speeds, the sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 are exposed to high mechanical loads. The sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 are made of plastic in the present case. However, it is also conceivable to use sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 made of a metal, for example of gray cast iron.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective side view of a first external sealing ring 30.1 shown in FIG. 1.

The first external sealing ring 30.1 can be opened and closed with a lock 33. In the present case, the lock 33 is designed as a step lock. However, any other suitable lock shape, for example a double-T lock, a hook lock or an open joint (diagonal joint or straight joint) can be used. Such a lock 33 is provided in all of the sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 shown in FIGS. 1 to 10. The shown sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 are, apart from the respective area of the lock 33, mirror-symmetrical to a center plane of the respective sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 formed perpendicular to the axial direction. The sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 can be installed in both possible orientations. Starting from the outer clamping surface 31.1, the opposite flanks of the first outer-sealing ring 30.1 each have a flank surface 32 and an adjoining, hydrodynamically effective first radial chamfer 34.1. The opposite first radial bevels 34.1 are inclined towards one another, starting from the flank surfaces 32. The first external sealing ring 30.1 is closed off internally by a hydrostatic relief stage 35. Centering cams 37 are formed on an inner surface 36.1 of the first outer clamping sealing ring 30.1 opposite the outer clamping surface 31.1.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged lateral sectional view of the first outer-tensioning sealing ring 30.1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The first externally tensioning sealing ring 30.1 is inserted into the groove space 22 of a shaft groove 14 of the rotary union 10 shown in FIG. 1. The groove space 22 is delimited by a groove bottom 17.3 and one inner groove side wall 17.1 and one outer groove side wall 17.2 rising from the groove bottom 17.3 in the direction of the housing 11. The inner groove side wall 17.1 is arranged opposite to the pressure chamber 20 and the outer groove side wall 17.2. The first outer clamping sealing ring 30.1 bears on the housing 11 with its outer clamping surface 31.1. On its outer flank, which is arranged opposite to the pressure chamber 20, the first outer-tensioning sealing ring 30.1 lies in a contact area 40 with a part of its outer flank surface 32 on the outer groove side wall 17.2. The remaining part of the outer flank surface 32 closes the outer outlet gap 21.2.

A first radial chamfer 34.1 of the first external sealing ring 30.1 connects to the flank surfaces 32. For this purpose, the flank surfaces 32 are transferred at an angle 41 into the first radial chamfers 34.1. Starting from the flank surfaces 32, the first radial chamfers 34.1 run through the angle 41 inwards, that is to say towards one another. Following the first radial chamfers 34.1, the hydrostatic relief stage 35 is integrally formed on the first external sealing ring 30.1. Side surfaces 35.1 of the hydrostatic relief stage 35 are set back by one step each compared to the first radial chamfers

34.1 arranged.

The centering cams 37 formed on the inner surface 36.1, one of which is shown in section in the illustration selected in FIG. 3, lie against the groove bottom 17.3 or are directly opposite it. As a result, the first external sealing ring 30.1 is aligned radially with respect to the shaft 12 during assembly, if the shaft 12 has not yet been inserted into the housing 11. It is thus possible to insert the shaft 12 with the first external sealing ring 30.1 into the housing 11 without the first external clamping ring

30.1 blocked the insertion movement by an eccentric positioning. To facilitate assembly, it can also be provided that the outer-tensioning sealing ring 30.1 is provided with an assembly chamfer F, as shown in FIG. 3A. The assembly chamfer is arranged in the transition area between the flank surface 32 or flank surfaces 32 and the clamping surface 31.1. Additionally or alternatively, it can also be provided that the housing 11 is provided with a corresponding assembly chamfer.

The pressure space 20 is connected to the groove space 22 via the inner outlet gap 21.1. As a result, a high oil pressure also forms in the groove space 22. Through this, the first outer clamping sealing ring 30.1 is pressed with its outer clamping surface 31.1 against the housing 11 and with its outer flank surface 32 in the contact area 40 against the outer groove side wall 17.2. Due to the pressure, a flank-side sealing gap 23 present between the flank surface 32 and the groove side wall 17.2 and a shell-side sealing gap 24 present between the outer clamping surface 31.1 and the housing 11 are largely closed. Therefore, only a small oil leakage current can flow out of the groove space 22 through the sealing gap 23 on the flank side and the sealing gap 24 on the casing side to the outer outlet gap 21.2.

The side surfaces 35.1 of the hydrostatic relief stage 35 are set back against the flank surfaces 32 to such an extent that the oil under high pressure in the groove space 22 is also between the side surface 35.1 and the outer surface Groove side wall 17.2 stands. The side surface facing the pressure chamber 20

35.1 The oil pressure acting on the outer groove side wall

17.2 facing side surface 35.1 of the hydrostatic relief stage 35 acting oil pressure compensated. This measure reduces the pressure with which the flank surface 32 of the first outer sealing ring 30.1 is pressed against the outer groove side wall 17.2 in the contact area 40, at the same time obtaining a sufficient material thickness of the first outer sealing ring 30.1 in the radial direction. The reduced contact pressure of the first outer sealing ring 30.1 on the outer groove side wall 17.2 reduces the friction between the first outer sealing ring 30.1 and the outer groove side wall 17.2 as well as the wear of the first outer sealing ring 30.1 and the groove side wall 17.3. Because of the increased material thickness of the first external sealing ring 30.1 in the radial direction due to the hydrostatic relief stage, the contact pressure of the outer clamping surface 31.1 and thus the friction and wear in this area are reduced.

The hydrodynamically effective, first radial chamfer 34.1 has an extension of> 0.3 mm, preferably ^ 0.5 mm, in the radial direction. It represents a slope opening towards the groove space 22. This has a maximum distance of 20 pm to 50 pm measured in the axial direction with respect to the plane of the flank surface 32. This maximum distance is thus formed at the end of the hydrodynamically effective first radial chamfer 34.1 facing away from the outer clamping surface 31.1. The hydrodynamically effective radial chamfers 34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5 are transferred into the respective flank surfaces 32 at an angle 41 of less than 15 ° and greater than 0.5 °. For better illustration, the angle 41 and the maximum distance have been enlarged and are therefore not drawn to scale. The angle 41 or the maximum distance between the hydrodynamically effective first radial chamfers 34.1 and the outer groove side wall 17.2 are so small that no hydrostatic oil pressure builds up in the region of the hydrodynamically acting first radial chamfers 34.1. The area of the hydrodynamically effective first radial chamfer 34.1 thus contributes to sealing the groove space 22 and thus the pressure space 20. In operation with the shaft 12 penetrating due to centrifugal forces and the oil pressure present, oil into the area of the hydrodynamically effective first radial chamfer 34.1. The oil striving outwards runs against the tapering gap of the first radial chamfer 34.1. This creates a hydrodynamic effect in the radial direction. The pressure build-up associated with this takes place predominantly in the transition region from the hydrodynamically effective first radial chamfer 34.1 into the subsequent flank surface 32. As a result of this pressure build-up, the first external sealing ring 30.1 is relieved of pressure in the axial direction in its contact area 40 to the outer groove side wall 17.2. As a result, the friction and / or wear between the groove side wall 17.2 and the first external sealing ring 30.1 are significantly reduced. The hydrodynamic effect is advantageously independent of the direction of rotation of the shaft 12.

The inventive design of the hydrodynamically effective first radial chamfer 34.1 ensures that the hydrodynamically caused increase in the oil pressure is only so great that the flank surface 32 is still sufficiently pressed against the outer groove side wall 17.2. This keeps the oil leakage low.

The contact area 40 has an extension of greater than or equal to 0.2 mm in the radial direction. This takes into account possible manufacturing tolerances of the housing 11, the shaft 12 and the first external sealing ring 30.1. The specification of the contact area 40 ensures that the hydrodynamically effective first outer sealing ring 30.1 lies with a sufficiently large area on the outer groove side wall 17.2. This avoids an increased leakage flow. Furthermore, it is avoided that the hydrodynamically effective first radial chamfer 34.1 is arranged partially in the area of the outer outlet gap 21.2, as a result of which the hydrodynamic effect would be lost.

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged lateral sectional view of a second external sealing ring 30.2. The structure of the shaft 12 with the shaft groove 14 and the housing 11 with the inner and outer outlet gap 21.1, 21.2 correspond to the description of FIG. 3, to which reference is hereby made.

In the case of the second outer-tensioning sealing ring 30.2, too, this rests with its outer clamping surface 31.1 on the housing 11 and seals the sealing gap 24 on the jacket side. As described for FIG. 3, one of the opposite flank surfaces 32 bears in the contact region 40 on the outer groove side wall 17.2, as a result of which the flank-side sealing gap 23 is sealed. The flank surfaces 32 merge into a hydrodynamically effective second radial chamfer 24.2 at the angle 41 already described. In contrast to the first external sealing ring 30.1 shown in FIG. 3, the second external sealing ring 30.2 does not have a hydrostatic relief stage 35. The centering cams 37 are molded onto the inner surface 36.1 of the second outer-tensioning sealing ring 30.2 with the same function as described for FIG. 3.

The hydrodynamically effective, second radial chamfer 34.2 also extends in the radial direction in the range of> 0.3 mm, preferably> 0.5 mm. It represents an incline opening towards the groove space 22. This has a maximum distance in the range from 20 pm to 50 pm measured in the axial direction with respect to the plane of the flank surface 32. The contact area 40 has an extension of greater than or equal to 0.2 mm in the radial direction.

The mode of operation and function of the second external sealing ring 30.2 thus corresponds, apart from the hydrostatic relief stage 35 which is not present, to the mode of operation and function described for FIG. 3 of the first external clamping ring 30.1 shown there, to the description of which reference is hereby made.

FIG. 5 shows a third enlarged sealing ring 30.3 in a further enlarged side sectional view. The flanks of the third external sealing ring with the flank surfaces 32, the first radial chamfers 34.1 and the side surfaces 35.1 of the hydrostatic relief stage 35 as well as that Centering cams 37 correspond to the flanks or centering cams 37 of the first outer-tensioning sealing ring 30.1, so that the relevant description also applies to the third external-tensioning sealing ring 30.3.

In contrast to the first external sealing ring 30.1, hydrodynamically effective first axial chamfers 34.3 are provided on the side of the outer clamping surface 31.1. Starting from the outer clamping surface 31.1, the hydrodynamically effective first axial chamfer 34.3 facing the pressure chamber 20 forms a slope that is open towards the groove chamber 22. The greatest distance between the circumference of the outer clamping surface 31.1 and the hydrodynamically effective first axial chamfer 34.3 thus arises at the edge of the third external sealing ring 30.3. Due to the symmetrical structure of the third external sealing ring 30.3, a first axial chamfer 34.3 is also provided towards the outer groove side wall 17.2, which, however, has no hydrodynamic effect in the installation situation shown.

In relation to the outer clamping surface 31.1, the first axial chamfers 34.3 are oriented at an angle 42 of less than 0.01 ° and greater than 0.001 °.

A hydrodynamic effect occurs along the first axial chamfer 34.3 facing the pressure chamber 20. Due to the oil leakage flow flowing along the jacket-side sealing gap 24, a hydrodynamically increased oil pressure is formed in the area of the approaching slope of the first axial chamfer 30.3 and the subsequent outer clamping surface 31.1. This reduces the contact pressure with which the third external sealing ring 30.3 is pressed onto the housing 11. This reduces the friction between the third external sealing ring 30.3 and the housing 11. Furthermore, there is a reduced alternating load on the housing 11, which is made of aluminum in the present case. Such an alternating load causes microcracks in the border area between the third external sealing ring 30.3 and the housing 11. As the crack depth increases, parts of the interface are released, which then leads to increased wear to lead. The third external sealing ring 30.3 then works into the housing 11, so that the shaft 12 is no longer dismantled can be. The formation of microcracks can be effectively avoided by the hydrodynamic relief of the third external sealing ring 30.3. The wear of the housing 11 and also of the third external sealing ring

30.3 is thereby kept low and the shaft 12 can be pulled out of the housing 11 without problems even after a long operating time.

Ultimately, the first radial chamfer facing the outer groove side wall 17.2 is for the hydrodynamic relief of the third external sealing ring 30.3

34.1 and the first axial chamfer 34.3 facing the pressure chamber 20 are responsible. The first radial and axial chamfers 34.1, arranged opposite each other,

34.3 are not required for the function in the present installation situation. However, the symmetrical structure of the third external sealing ring 30.3 offers the advantage that the third external sealing ring 30.3 can be used in both possible installation situations. In comparison to hydrodynamic structures which are periodically incorporated into the flank surfaces 32 or the outer clamping surface 31.1, the first radial chamfer 34.1 and the first axial chamfer 34.3 show the advantage of simple positioning and the independence of their mode of action from the respective direction of rotation.

FIG. 6 shows a side view of a rotary union 10 with two first internal sealing rings 30.4.

The rotating union 10 is assigned to the rotatably mounted shaft 12 with the central bore 13 and to the housing 11 housing the shaft 12 at least in sections. The pressure chamber 20 is incorporated as a circumferential recess in the housing 11. It is accessible from the outside via the inlet 11.1 and is connected to the central bore 13 via the oil feed 15. A housing groove 16 is let into the housing 11 on each side of the pressure chamber 20. In each case, a first inner sealing ring 30.4 is arranged in the housing grooves 16. The first inner sealing ring 30.4 seals the inner outlet gap

21.1 from the outer outlet gap 21.2. For this purpose, the first internally clamping sealing rings 30.4 with inner clamping surface 31.2 are pushed onto the shaft 11. The function and use of the rotary union 10 shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to the function and use of the rotary union 10 shown in FIG. 1, to the description of which reference is hereby made.

FIG. 7 shows a perspective side view of the first internal sealing ring 30.4 shown in FIG. 6. The first inner-tensioning sealing ring 30.4 can be opened and closed via a lock 33, which is designed here as a T-lock. As a result, the comparatively rigid first inner-tensioning sealing ring 30.4 can be mounted in the provided housing groove 16. The inner clamping surface 31.2 is formed on an inner lateral surface of the first inner sealing ring 30.4. The first internal sealing ring

30.4 is symmetrical in relation to a center plane oriented transversely to its center axis. Thus, the opposite flanks of the first inner-tensioning sealing ring 30.4 adjacent to the inner tensioning face 31.2 form flank faces 32 initially aligned parallel to one another. The flank surfaces 32 are at an angle a 41 (see FIG. 8) in third radial chamfers

34.4 transferred. The third radial chamfers 34.4 are oriented such that they run towards one another starting from the flank surfaces 32. Following the third radial chamfers 34.4, the first internal sealing ring 30.4 merges in steps into a hydrostatic relief stage 35. This forms an outer surface 36.2 of the first inner sealing ring. Centering cams 37 are spaced apart from one another along the outer surface 36.2.

FIG. 8 shows an enlarged lateral sectional view of the first inner-tensioning sealing ring 30.4 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

The first inner clamping sealing ring 30.4 bears on the shaft 12 with its inner clamping surface 31.2. As a result, a jacket-side sealing gap 24 formed between the inner clamping surface 31 .2 and the shaft 12 is sealed. With its flank surface 32 facing away from the inner outlet gap 21.1 and thus from the pressure chamber 20, the first inner-tensioning sealing ring 30.4 lies in the contact area 40 on the outer groove side wall 17.2, whereby the flank-side sealing gap 23 is sealed.

Starting from the flank surfaces 32, the third radial chamfers 34.4 form wedge-shaped bevels which open continuously towards the groove bottom 17.3. The third radial chamfer 34.4 which is in contact with the outer groove side wall 17.2 is flydrodynamically effective. The dimensioning of the third radial chamfer 34.4 corresponds to the dimensioning of the first radial chamfer 34.1 shown in FIG. 3. Here, too, the flank surfaces 32 are transferred into the first radial chamfers 34.1 at an angle a, which is less than 0.01 ° and greater than 0.001 °.

The function of the hydrostatic relief stage 35 and the centering cam 37 has already been explained for the first outer-tensioning sealing ring 30.1 relating to FIG. 3 and is accordingly also applicable for the first inside-tensioning sealing ring 30.4.

Due to the high oil pressure in the groove space 22, the first inner clamping sealing ring 30.4 is pressed with its inner clamping surface 31.2 against the shaft 12 and with its one flank surface 32 in the contact area 40 against the outer groove side wall 17.2. As a result, the outer outlet gap 21.2 is sealed off from the groove space 22 and thus from the pressure space 20.

Due to the high oil pressure in the groove space 22, oil strives along the flank-side sealing gap 23 to the outer outlet gap 21.2. A hydrodynamic effect is brought about by the tapering gap formed between the outer groove side wall 17.2 and the third radial chamfer 34.4. This leads to an increase in the oil pressure in the region of the third radial chamfer 34.4 abutting the outer groove side wall 17.2, the subsequent flank surface 32 and the outer groove side wall 17.2 arranged opposite. As a result, the contact pressure of the first inner-tensioning sealing ring 30.4 in the contact area 40 against the outer groove side wall 17.2 is reduced, which results in reduced friction and reduced wear. The contact area 17.2 has an extension of greater than or equal to 0.2 mm in the radial direction.

FIGS. 9 shows an enlarged internal sectional view of a second internal sealing ring 30.5. According to the second external sealing ring 30.2 shown in FIG. 4, no hydrostatic relief stage 35 is provided here either. The fourth radial bevels 34.5 formed are thus guided at an angle a 41 with respect to the flank surfaces 32 and extend up to the outer surface 36.2 of the second internal sealing ring 30.5. They are transferred into a rounding area in the outer surfaces 36.2. The function of the fourth radial chamfers 34.5 corresponds to the function of the third radial chamfers 34.4 described in FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 shows a further enlarged sectional sectional view of a third internal sealing ring 30.6. The structure of the third inner-tensioning sealing ring 30.6 essentially corresponds to that of the first inner-tensioning sealing ring 30.4, wherein, in addition to the opposite edges of the inner tensioning surface 31.2, falling, hydrodynamically effective second axial chamfers 34.6 are arranged. In the installation situation shown, the second axial chamfer 34.6 facing the inner outlet gap 21.1 and thus the pressure chamber 20 is hydrodynamically effective.

As already described for the third external sealing ring 30.3, the hydrodynamically active second axial chamfer 34.6 leads to a relief of the third internal clamping ring 30.6 along its inner clamping surface 31.2. This can reduce friction and wear in this area.

In summary, it can be said that the respective flank surfaces 32 of the sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 are relieved by the hydrodynamically active radial chamfers 34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5 facing the respective outer groove side wall 17.2. This reduces both friction and wear in this area. Due to the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfers 34.3, 34.6, the contact pressure along the respective clamping surface 31.1, 31.2 of the sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 relieved. This also reduces both friction and wear. If a sealing ring 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 with its clamping surface 31.1, 31.2 is in contact with an adjacent component (housing 11 or shaft 12) made of aluminum, the relief of the clamping surface 31.1, 31.2 can lead to the formation of microcracks in the aluminum surface can be avoided. As a result, it is avoided that the respective sealing ring 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6 is worked into the aluminum surface, as a result of which the removal of the shaft 12 from the housing 11 would be blocked.

In order to relieve the hydrodynamic relief of the flank surfaces 32 of the sealing rings 30.1,

To reach 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6, the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfers 34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5 have an extension in the radial direction of> 0.3 mm, preferably> 0.5 mm and a maximum depth of 20 pm to 50 pm compared to the respective flank surface 32. The hydrodynamically effective radial chamfers 34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5 are transferred into the respective flank surface 32 at an angle 41 of less than 15 ° and greater than 0.5 °.

A hydrodynamic relief of the clamping surface 31.1, 31.2 is achieved when the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfers 34.3, 34.6 are transferred at an angle β 42 smaller than 0.01 ° and larger than 0.001 ° into the assigned clamping surfaces 31.1, 31.2.

With such a design of the radial and / or axial chamfers 34.1, 34.2, 34.3,

34.4, 34.5, 34.6 there is sufficient relief of the sealing rings 30.1, 30.2, 30.3,

30.4, 30.5, 30.6 reached, while at the same time a sufficient contact pressure remains to adequately seal the flank-side or jacket-side sealing gap 23, 24 and thus keep the oil leakage flow low. The exact design of the radial and / or axial chamfers 34.1, 34.2, 34.3, 34.4, 34.5, 34.6 is selected within the ranges defined according to the invention as a function of at least the respective oil pressure and the speed of the shaft 12. FIG. 11 shows the sealing ring 30.1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a change being made in the area of the first radial chamfer 34.1 compared to the design according to FIG. 3. As the illustration shows, the surface area of the first radial phase is provided with a wave structure. This wave structure W forms a hydrodynamically effective contour, the wave crests and the wave troughs extending in the radial direction or essentially in the radial direction. It is also conceivable that the wave crests and the wave troughs are inclined to the radial direction. With this hydrodynamically effective contour, the resulting load-bearing capacity of the sealing ring 30.1 in the area of the radial chamfer 34.1 is increased in favor of better support behavior.

Claims

Expectations

1. Sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) for mounting in a shaft groove (14) or in a housing groove (16) for sealing a rotating shaft (12) against a fixed housing (11) or the like, with at least one side flank for contact and sealing on a groove side wall (17.1, 17.2) of the shaft groove (14) or the housing groove (16) and with a clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) directly or at an angle adjoining the flank for contact and sealing on the housing (11) opposite the shaft groove (14) or on the shaft (12) opposite the housing groove (16),

characterized,

that a radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5) which is hydrodynamically effective in the radial direction is attached to the at least one flank and is at an angle (41) into a flank surface (32) of the flank towards the clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) is transferred that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5) has an extension in the radial direction in the range of> 0.3 mm, preferably> 0.5 mm and that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4 , 34.5) axially has a maximum depth in the range from 20 pm to 50 pm relative to the flank surface (32).

2. Sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) for mounting in a shaft groove (14) or in a housing groove (16) for sealing a rotating shaft (12) against a fixed housing (11) or the like, with at least one lateral sealing flank for contact and sealing on a groove side wall (17.1, 17.2) of the shaft groove (14) or the housing groove (16) and with a clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) directly or at an angle adjoining the flank for contact and Sealing on the housing (11) opposite the shaft groove (14) or on the shaft (12) opposite the housing groove (16),

characterized, that the clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) opposite the at least one lateral sealing flank is transferred at a descending angle (42) into an axial chamfer (34.3, 34.6) which is hydrodynamically effective in the axial direction.

3. Sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) has at least one hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5) and at least one hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer (34.3, 34.6)

4. Sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5) at an angle (41) smaller than 15 ° and greater than 0.5 ° is transferred into the flank surface (32) and / or that the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer (34.3, 34.6) is at an angle (42) less than 15 ° and greater than 0.5 ° in the Clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) is transferred.

5. Sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5) and / or the hydrodynamically effective axial chamfer (34.3, 34.6) is arranged all around on the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) and is interrupted at a lock (33) of the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6).

6. Sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a hydrostatic relief stage (35) is arranged opposite the clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) and that a side surface (35.1 ) of the hydrostatic relief stage (35) is arranged in relation to the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5).

7. Sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that opposite to the clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) radially aligned centering cams (37) on the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3,

30.4, 30.5, 30.6) are molded on.

8. sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) as an externally tensioning sealing ring (30.1, 30.2 , 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) with a radially outward-facing outer clamping surface (31.1) or as an inner-tensioning sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) with a radially inward-directed inner clamping surface (31.2) is trained.

9. sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) symmetrical to a transverse to its axial direction trained center plane is formed.

10. Rotary feedthrough (10) with a rotatable shaft (13) and a housing (11) or the like at least partially housing the shaft (13), a pressure chamber (20) being arranged between the shaft (13) and the housing (11) , which is sealed in the axial direction by a sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) arranged in a shaft groove (14) or a housing groove (16), the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) a lateral flank for contact and sealing on a groove side wall (17.1, 17.2) of the shaft groove (14) or the housing groove (16) and a clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) directly or indirectly at an angle to the flank to the system and has a seal on the housing (11) opposite the shaft groove (14) or on the shaft (12) opposite the housing groove (16),

characterized,

that on the at least one flank of the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4,

30.5, 30.6) a radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5) that is hydrodynamically effective in the radial direction is attached, which is transferred to the clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) at an angle (41) into a flank surface (32) of the flank that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4, 34.5) extends in the radial direction in the range of> 0.3 mm, preferably> 0.5 mm has that the hydrodynamically effective radial chamfer (34.1, 34.2, 34.4,

34.5) axially has a maximum depth in the range from 20miti to 50miti with respect to the flank surface (32) that the sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5,

30.6) with its flank surface (32) covers an outer outlet gap (21.2) formed between the shaft (12) and the housing (11) or the like and facing away from the pressure chamber (20) and in an abutment area (40) on one of the pressure chamber (20) in relation to the outer groove side wall (17.2) and that the contact area (17.2) has an extension of greater than or equal to 0.2 mm in the radial direction.

11. rotary union (10) according to claim 10,

characterized,

that the clamping surface (31.1, 31.2) opposite the at least one lateral sealing flank is transferred at a descending angle (42) into an axial chamfer (34.3, 34.6) which is hydrodynamically effective in the axial direction.

12. Rotary union (10) according to claim 10 or 11 with at least one sealing ring (30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6) according to one of claims 1 to 6.