EP3808934B1 - Ancre de précontrainte permettant de sécuriser une formation géologique - Google Patents

Ancre de précontrainte permettant de sécuriser une formation géologique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3808934B1
EP3808934B1 EP20200534.4A EP20200534A EP3808934B1 EP 3808934 B1 EP3808934 B1 EP 3808934B1 EP 20200534 A EP20200534 A EP 20200534A EP 3808934 B1 EP3808934 B1 EP 3808934B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
anchor rod
coupling
prestressed
tube
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20200534.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3808934A1 (fr
Inventor
Manuel Venier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Htb Baugesellschaft MBH
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Htb Baugesellschaft MBH
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Publication of EP3808934A1 publication Critical patent/EP3808934A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/54—Piles with prefabricated supports or anchoring parts; Anchoring piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • slack soil nails are used, for example. These are non-tensioned systems in which an anchor rod is fixed in a borehole by means of a cement suspension or the like. The hardening cement suspension fills the entire cavity of the drill hole that remains around the anchor rod. An anchor plate can be attached to the nail head protruding from the drill hole. However, these soil nails are not tensionable systems.
  • prestressed anchors are to be distinguished from these soil nails. With these, a part of the must be in the Borehole built-in anchor rod remain as a so-called prestressing section or in other words free play section. In this free play section, the anchor rod must not come into direct contact with the hardening cement suspension in the borehole. In the free play section, no forces should be diverted from the anchor rod directly into the ground.
  • prestressed anchors it is generally provided that a borehole is drilled first, with support casing being installed in addition to the drill rods when drilling in unstable material. After completion of the borehole, the drill pipe and drill bit are completely removed from the borehole.
  • the anchor rod Only then is the anchor rod inserted into the completed drill hole and fixed in a region of the drill hole facing away from the mouth of the drill hole, the so-called bond line, by means of a cement suspension or the like. Towards the mouth of the borehole, the free play section remains, in which the anchor rod is not in contact with the surrounding soil via the cement suspension. This free play section can then be used as a prestressing section for stressing the prestressing anchor.
  • the disadvantage of this technology is the increased effort that results from the fact that you first have to drill the borehole with an ordinary drill rod and an ordinary drill bit and, if necessary, even casing, then remove it from the borehole and then install the prestressed anchor in the borehole.
  • prestressed anchors In order to reduce this effort when setting prestressed anchors, prestressed anchors have already been used in practice, in which the anchor rod itself is used as a drill rod analogously to the self-drilling nail technology described above. He wears this at its front end a drill bit, which then together with the Anchor rod remains in the drill hole as a so-called lost drill bit.
  • sheathing tubes were used in these prestressed anchors of the generic type, which enclose the anchor rod in a region spaced apart from the drill bit. In the prior art, however, these cladding tubes are only ever arranged in the area between two consecutive anchor connecting sleeves of the anchor rod.
  • Generic prestressed anchors are from DE 42 04 533 A1 and the DE 195 03 122 A1 known.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a prestressed anchor of the type mentioned above in such a way that the cladding tube does not have to be stressed during the stressing process.
  • the invention proposes a prestressed anchor according to patent claim 1 .
  • the invention thus provides for the prestressed anchor to be designed by means of the coupling in such a way that the jacket tube is also rotated during the drilling process via the positive coupling with the anchor rod.
  • the cladding tube can be installed in any length in the borehole in a simple manner so that a corresponding free play section can be implemented, as required for tensioning the prestressed anchor and for load transfer in the desired area of the overall length, depending on the application. This creates the possibility of installing prestressed anchors in the geological formation to be secured in a comparatively short time and in a relatively simple manner.
  • the drilling devices or drilling units that are known and available in the prior art can be used, which can also be used to insert the self-drilling nails mentioned at the beginning into the respective geological formation. This leads to a particularly high level of effectiveness when both prestressed anchors and self-drilling nails are to be installed in a geological formation.
  • the coupling which forcibly couples the enveloping tube to the anchor rod in the circumferential direction in such a way that the enveloping tube is rotated with the anchor rod during the drilling process, can fundamentally be designed in very different ways.
  • the enveloping tube is decoupled from the anchor rod by means of the coupling in the longitudinal direction of extension of the anchor rod.
  • the coupling ensures the forced coupling according to the invention between the enveloping tube and the tie rod in the circumferential direction, but nevertheless ensures decoupling of the enveloping tube and the tie rod in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod.
  • Prestressing anchors according to the invention can be of a simple type and Way be adapted to the requirements to be met on site, both in terms of their length and in terms of their diameter.
  • the anchor rod is formed in several parts from two or more partial anchor rods arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal extension direction of the anchor rod and two successive partial anchor rods are connected to one another by means of an anchor connecting sleeve.
  • the same also applies to the cladding tube.
  • This can also be formed in multiple parts from two or more partial enveloping tubes arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of extension of the anchor rod, with two successive enveloping partial tubes in turn being connected to one another by means of an enveloping tube socket.
  • This measure in particular allows the length of the prestressed anchors to be formed in the geological formation to be freely adapted to the individual requirements encountered on site by using a corresponding number of anchor rods and partial enveloping tubes in order to form the total anchor rod and enveloping tube required .
  • standard lengths of the anchor part rod and the jacket part tube can be used in order to construct the anchor rod actually required on site and the jacket tube required there in a cost-effective and simple manner. Even the standard lengths of the tie rod can be shortened or lengthened at any point, resulting in maximum flexibility.
  • a further advantage of this preferred embodiment is that relatively short anchor rods and enveloping tubes can be used, for example when there is relatively little space when installing the prestressed anchor according to the invention in the geological formation.
  • the anchor rod or the partial anchor rods advantageously have an external thread over their entire length, with which they can be screwed into corresponding internal threads of an anchor connecting sleeve in order to connect two consecutive partial anchor rods to one another.
  • the external thread on the anchor rod can also be used in a manner known per se for screwing on the anchor nut used for tightening and also for screwing on the drill bit attached to the front end of the anchor rod.
  • the thread form and the direction of rotation during the drilling process should of course preferably be matched to one another in such a way that the screw connection does not unscrew unintentionally during the drilling process.
  • the cladding tube if it is composed of several cladding part tubes and corresponding cladding tube sockets.
  • the cladding tube sections also advantageously have an external thread with which they can be screwed into corresponding internal threads of cladding tube sockets in order to connect two successive cladding tube sections to one another.
  • all Screw connections on the prestressed anchor according to the invention are designed in such a way that they are acted upon in the closing direction during the drilling process. In this way, unintentional unscrewing of the screw connections of the prestressed anchor can generally be prevented.
  • the anchor rod of a prestressed anchor according to the invention is hollow on the inside.
  • the anchor rod or the partial anchor rods from which it is composed have a continuous inner cavity in the longitudinal direction of extension of the anchor rod, through which during the drilling process the drilling fluid suspension inside the anchor rod can be transported to the drill bit, in order to exit from the drill bit there and to fill the borehole outside the prestressed anchor.
  • the drilling mud suspension advantageously has a dual function. On the one hand, it serves to stabilize the borehole during the drilling process and, above all, to transport the material cut out of the geological formation by means of the drill bit outside of the prestressing anchor through the borehole to the mouth of the borehole.
  • the drilling mud suspension is advantageously a cement suspension, liquid concrete or the like.
  • pinch seals can be used in these anchor connection sleeves between the respective anchor part rods abutting there. These are on the market available. They seal the anchor connection socket or the anchor part rods screwed in there from the outside, but do not impede the transport of the drilling fluid suspension through the anchor rod.
  • the concept of the geological formation for which the prestressing anchor is intended to be secured is to be understood in general terms. It can be loose material as well as hard rock or mixed forms of the same.
  • the geological formation to be secured by means of the prestressed anchor can be an embankment, a cut in a slope, a rock face, but also an excavation pit wall, to name just a few examples.
  • prestressed anchors according to the invention plates, mats, grids, concrete facing shells, other reinforcements and the like can be fastened to the geological formation, as is known per se in the prior art, in order to secure them in this way.
  • the prestressed anchors according to the invention allow prestressing of the anchor rod fixed in the geological formation by means of the adhesion section in order to prevent further deformations of the geological formation to be secured as far as possible or at least only allow them to a small extent.
  • the anchor rod or the partial anchor rods, as well as the cladding tube or the cladding part tubes, any existing anchor connection sockets and/or cladding tube sockets, as well as the couplings for positively coupling the cladding tube and tie rod are favorably made of metal, preferably steel. In principle, however, it is conceivable to also use other materials, provided these are available on site have the required strength.
  • preferred variants of the invention provide that the cladding tube is sealed against the anchor rod in its end region pointing towards the drill bit in order to prevent the cladding tube from being filled with drilling fluid suspension is.
  • this sealing can be ensured, for example, by appropriate sealing welding of this connection.
  • the coupling it is sufficient for the coupling to be designed in such a way that it fills the end of the cladding tube pointing to the drill bit, in the area around the anchor rod, at least to such an extent that or seals that no or at least only an insignificant amount of drilling fluid suspension can penetrate into the cladding tube for the subsequent tensioning process. It is therefore primarily a matter of preventing the cladding tube from being filled with drilling fluid suspension.
  • preferred variants of the invention provide that the coupling is designed at least in two parts.
  • Preferred variants of the invention are therefore characterized in that the coupling has a first coupling part formed or fixed on the end of the casing tube pointing towards the drill bit and a second coupling part fixed on the anchor rod.
  • the coupling parts each have at least one form-fitting element for forming the forced coupling in the circumferential direction.
  • each of the coupling parts has an annular or sleeve-shaped base body and the at least one form-fitting element of this coupling part is formed or fixed on the base body and protrudes from the base body in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of extension of the anchor rod.
  • each of the coupling parts has at least two or exactly two positive-locking elements, the positive-locking elements of the respective coupling part being arranged at a distance from one another on the base body of the respective coupling part and protruding in the same direction parallel to the longitudinal extension direction of the anchor rod from the base body of this coupling part.
  • the coupling parts can be fork-like in design, with the form-fitting elements forming corresponding teeth of this imaginary fork, which in the circumferential direction around the anchor rod ensure the corresponding form fit and thus the positive coupling, but in the longitudinal direction of the anchor rod when tensioning the prestressing anchor for decoupling between the tie rod and the duct can be pulled apart without offering any resistance.
  • the coupling parts each have at least one frictional engagement surface for forming the forced coupling in the circumferential direction, preferably exclusively, by means of frictional engagement.
  • a mixture of frictional engagement and positive engagement is also conceivable in order to couple the clutch parts to one another in the circumferential direction.
  • it can also be purely form-fitting or purely friction-fitting variants.
  • each of the clutch parts has an annular or sleeve-shaped base body and in the first clutch part the frictional engagement surface is designed as an inward-facing surface of the annular or sleeve-shaped base body and in the second clutch part the frictional engagement surface as one outwardly facing surface of the annular or sleeve-shaped base body is formed.
  • the first coupling part and / or in the case of the second clutch part, the respective frictional engagement surface is/are in the form of a truncated cone. At this point one could also speak of a conical design of the respective frictional engagement surface.
  • the shape of the truncated cone is particularly preferably that of a circular truncated cone.
  • the truncated cones or circular truncated cones are advantageously designed to taper in the direction of the drill bit both on the first coupling part and on the second coupling part. In other words, it is therefore advantageously provided that the cross-sectional area of the respective truncated cone or cone decreases in the direction towards the drill bit.
  • both the first clutch part and the second clutch part each have a longitudinal center axis and the longitudinal center axis of the respective clutch part encloses an angle in the range between 1° and 10°, preferably between 2° and 5°, with the frictional engagement surface of the respective clutch part .
  • the anchor rod can be passed through the ring or sleeve-shaped base body of the first coupling part.
  • the first coupling part is slidably mounted with its base on the anchor rod.
  • the second coupling part is preferably fixed on the anchor rod with its ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body. This can be done, for example, in that the second coupling part is screwed onto the anchor rod with its ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body.
  • This screw connection between the external thread of the anchor rod and a corresponding internal thread of the ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body of the second coupling part can also be screwed through an appropriate counter nut must be secured.
  • an anchor connecting sleeve screwed onto the anchor rod directly behind the base body of the second coupling part can serve as a lock nut.
  • a spacer tube is arranged between one of the anchor connection sleeves and the second coupling part fixed to the anchor rod. Due to its support on the anchor connection sleeve, the spacer tube can also act as a kind of lock or lock nut for the second coupling part. Particularly preferably, however, a fixed offset can be created between the partial enveloping tubes and the partial armature pieces by means of the spacer tube, which, as explained later in the description of the figures, can simplify assembly when installing the partial armature pieces and the partial enveloping tubes.
  • the second coupling part is arranged inside the cladding tube in a coupling position in which the coupling parts are coupled to one another.
  • the two coupling parts of the coupling seen in the circumferential direction, can engage in one another without play in variants with a form fit.
  • provision can also be made for the coupling parts to engage in one another with play in one or the coupling position in which the coupling parts are coupled to one another.
  • the anchor rod can first be rotated a little in the circumferential direction about its longitudinal direction relative to the cladding tube until the form-fitting elements of the two coupling parts come to abut against one another comes. Only when the form-fitting elements of the two coupling parts are in contact with one another, viewed in the circumferential direction, does the forced coupling between the casing tube and the tie rod in the circumferential direction occur, so that from then on the casing tube is rotated with the tie rod during the drilling process by means of the coupling.
  • the invention also relates to a method for installing a prestressing anchor according to the invention in a geological formation.
  • a borehole is drilled into the geological formation with the drill bit attached to the front end of the anchor rod, and during the drilling process the drilling mud suspension is conveyed through the hollow anchor rod to the drill bit and introduced through the drill bit into the borehole.
  • the casing tube, surrounding the anchor rod can be installed in the borehole and positively coupled to the anchor rod in the circumferential direction by means of the coupling, with the casing tube then being rotated in the circumferential direction with the anchor rod as the drilling process continues.
  • the drilling process can then be continued until the prestressed anchor has been introduced into the geological formation at the required depth.
  • corresponding anchor part rods and enveloping part tubes with corresponding anchor connection sleeves or enveloping tube sleeves can be mounted one behind the other in order to realize the length of the adhesion section and the free play section required on site, with the free play section being formed in the cladding tube. If the required length of the borehole is made and the prestressed anchor installed accordingly, you can wait until the drilling fluid suspension has hardened and the section of the anchor rod lying in front of the cladding tube can be used to form the Adhesion line is anchored in the hardened drilling fluid suspension.
  • An anchor plate and an anchor nut can then be attached in a known manner to the end of the anchor rod protruding from the borehole mouth, in order to tension the prestressed anchor by tightening the anchor nut.
  • the tensioning forces thus achieved can be measured in a manner known per se, so that the pretensioning force required in each case can be set.
  • FIG. 1 shows the state of a first exemplary embodiment of a prestressed anchor 1 according to the invention, installed in the geological formation 2 and in which the drilling fluid suspension 9 in the borehole 17 has already hardened.
  • the drill bit 4 is attached at the front end of the anchor rod 3.
  • the anchor rod 3 has served as drill rods.
  • the area between the drill bit 4 and the end of the cladding tube 5 pointing towards the drill bit 4 forms the bond line in which the anchor rod 3 is connected directly to the geological formation 2 surrounding the borehole by means of the hardened drilling fluid suspension 9 .
  • the anchor rod 3 is, so to speak, held or anchored in the geological formation 2 in this adhesion zone.
  • the anchor rod 3 is hollow on the inside over its entire length, so that during the drilling process the drilling mud suspension 9, which is still liquid at this point in time, is transported through the anchor rod 3 to the drill bit 4 and can exit via the drill bit 4 into the drill hole 17, in order to protect the drill hole 17 during the drilling process in the in 1 fill in the manner shown.
  • the anchor rod 3 is surrounded by the cladding tube 5 in a region arranged at a distance from the drill bit 4 .
  • the coupling 6 is designed in such a way that the enveloping tube 5 is sealed against the anchor rod 3 in its end region 10 pointing towards the drill bit 4 in such a way that the enveloping tube 5 is not filled with drilling fluid suspension 9 .
  • the free play section of the anchor rod 3 which serves to prestress the prestressed anchor 1 , is located within the cladding tube 5 .
  • the prestressing anchor 1 is prestressed in this Embodiment in a manner known per se, in that an anchor plate 19 is pushed onto the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole mouth 18 in the region of the borehole mouth 18 .
  • the anchor rod 3 and thus the prestressed anchor 1 are then prestressed to the required extent in its direction of longitudinal extension 8 .
  • the anchor nut 20 is screwed onto the external thread of the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole 17 .
  • the coupling 6 explained in detail below, allows the anchor rod 3 to be decoupled from the cladding tube 5 in the longitudinal direction 8 of the anchor rod 3.
  • the anchor rod 3 is formed from a plurality of partial anchor rods 15 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal extension direction 8 of the anchor rod 3 , with two successive partial anchor rods 15 being connected to one another by means of an anchor connecting sleeve 16 .
  • the anchor connecting sleeves 16 have an internal thread into which the two consecutive partial anchor rods 15 to be connected to one another can be screwed with their external thread 21 .
  • a known pinch seal or other sealing elements can be arranged within the anchor connecting sleeve 16 between the two partial anchor rods 15 .
  • anchor connection sleeves 16 This prevents drilling fluid suspension 9 from escaping from the anchor connection sleeve 16 in the joint area between the two anchor part rods 15 connected to one another Transport of the drilling fluid suspension in the inner cavity of the anchor rod 3 towards the drill bit 4 to.
  • anchor connection sleeves 16 it is advantageous, as also provided here, for at least one, preferably all, anchor connection sleeves 16 to be arranged inside the cladding tube 5 .
  • the enveloping tube 5 is also made up of a plurality of enveloping part tubes 22 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal extension direction 8 of the anchor rod 3 .
  • the cladding tube sections 22 arranged one behind the other are connected to one another by means of cladding tube sockets 23 .
  • each enveloping tube part 22 has a corresponding external thread at its ends, which can be screwed into a corresponding internal thread of the enveloping tube socket 23 .
  • welded connections or other connections between the partial cladding tubes 22 and the cladding tube sockets 23 are also possible. The same applies, of course, to the tie rods 15 and the tie connecting sleeves 16.
  • the coupling 6, which according to the invention ensures a forced coupling of the enveloping tube 5 and the anchor rod 3 in the circumferential direction 7 around the longitudinal direction 8 of the tie rod 3, in order to ensure that the enveloping tube 5 rotates with the anchor rod 3 during the drilling process, is also in two parts in this first exemplary embodiment built up. It has a first coupling part 11 and a second coupling part 12 .
  • the first coupling part 11 is fixed to the end of the casing tube 5 pointing towards the drill bit 4 . This fixation can take place, for example, by welding this first coupling part 11 to the corresponding cladding tube 5 or cladding part tube 22 .
  • both coupling parts 11 and 12 each have positive-locking elements 13 for forming the forced coupling in the circumferential direction 7 .
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged and perspective view of the coupling 6 placed on the anchor rod 3, the casing tube 5 fixed to the base body 14 of the first coupling part 11 not being shown.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show the first coupling part 11 ( 4 ) and the second coupling part 12 ( 3 ) of the first embodiment, each in a side view.
  • Each of the coupling parts 11 and 12 has an annular or sleeve-shaped base body 14 on which, in this exemplary embodiment, two positive-locking elements 13 are fixed or formed. These positive-locking elements 13 each protrude from the base body 14 in a direction parallel to the direction of longitudinal extension 8 of the anchor rod 3 .
  • each of the coupling parts 11 and 12 has two positive-locking elements 13, which are arranged at a distance from one another on the respective base body 14 and protrude from the respective base body 14 in the same direction parallel to the longitudinal direction 8 of the anchor rod 3.
  • Both coupling parts 11 and 12 of the first exemplary embodiment thus have a type of fork-like structure, so that they can engage in one another with the form-fitting elements 13, so as to to be able to bring about the desired forced coupling in the circumferential direction 7 .
  • the first coupling part 11 can be welded to the cladding tube 5 or fastened in some other suitable manner.
  • the second coupling part 12 is fixed via the sleeve-like base body 14 of the second coupling part 12, which has an internal thread, not shown here, with which the second coupling part 12 is screwed onto the external thread 21 of the anchor rod 3.
  • the anchor connection sleeve 16 arranged directly behind it forms a kind of lock nut for the second coupling part 12 which additionally fixes the second coupling part 12 to the anchor rod 3 . While the anchor rod 3 is fixed to the second coupling part 12, it is only passed through the base body 14 of the first coupling part 11, so that the anchor rod 3 in the first Coupling part 11 is slidably mounted.
  • the remaining annular gap between the anchor rod 3 and the base body 14 of the first coupling part 11 is designed so small that during the drilling process there is no, or at least no significant, entry of the drilling fluid suspension 9 into the end region 10 and thus into the cavity in the cladding tube 5 comes.
  • the coupling 6 is designed overall in such a way that it prevents the cladding tube 5 from being filled with drilling fluid suspension 9 during the drilling process.
  • the drill bit 4 is attached to the anchor rod 3 or to the first partial anchor rod 15 .
  • the drilling device acts in a manner known per se on the rear end of the anchor rod 3 or the anchor part rod 15 facing away from the drill bit 4 .
  • the anchor rod 3 is used as a drill rod, with which the drill bit 4 is rotated in the circumferential direction 7 around the longitudinal extension direction 8 of the anchor rod 3 during the drilling process.
  • the drill bit 4 cuts material out of the geological formation 2 so that the borehole 17 is drilled deeper and deeper.
  • drilling fluid suspension is pumped through the anchor rod 3, which is hollow on the inside, in a manner known per se Drill bit 4 funded.
  • the drilling fluid suspension 9 exits via the drill bit 4 at the front end of the borehole and, flowing back in the direction of the borehole mouth 18, conveys the material cut out of the geological formation to the borehole mouth 18. This is known per se and does not need to be explained further.
  • the spacers 24 that may be used ensure that the anchor rod 3 does not rest against and rub against the walls of the part of the borehole 17 that has already been drilled during the drilling process. How deep the borehole 17 is initially drilled in this way depends on how long the bond line is to be formed.
  • this adhesive section is to be longer than the length of a partial anchor rod 15, then a further partial anchor rod 15 can be attached in a manner known per se at a given time, when the first partial anchor rod 15 has largely been sunk in the borehole 17, by means of an anchor connecting sleeve 16, in order to do so then continue drilling in the manner described.
  • the cladding tube 5 or the first cladding part tube 22 at the borehole mouth 18 can be pushed onto the end section of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole 17 at this point in time.
  • the first coupling part 11 was previously fastened with its base body 14 to the cladding tube 5 .
  • the anchor rod 3 is separated in a conventional manner from the drill, not shown here.
  • the second Coupling part 12 with its base body 14 and the internal thread arranged therein are screwed onto the external thread 21 of the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole 17 .
  • the second coupling part 12 is, as in 7 to see screwed so far onto the anchor rod 3 that the form-fitting elements 13 of the two coupling parts 11 and 12 come into engagement with each other.
  • the subsequent anchor part rod 15 is screwed to the anchor connecting sleeve 16 onto the previous end of the anchor rod 3 .
  • the second coupling part 12 is also secured in that the screwed-on anchor connecting sleeve 16 forms a type of lock nut for the second coupling part 12 .
  • yet another cladding tube part 22 can be attached to the first cladding tube part 22 by means of a corresponding cladding tube socket 23 .
  • the drill is again attached to the end of the anchor rod 3 in order to continue the drilling process by rotating the anchor rod 3 with the drill bit 4 again in the circumferential direction 7 .
  • the coupling 6 now ensures a corresponding positive coupling between the enveloping tube 5 and the anchor rod 3 in the circumferential direction 7, so that the enveloping tube 5 is now rotated with the anchor rod 3 when the drilling process is continued.
  • a very short partial cladding tube 22 is used as the first cladding partial tube 22 in the first exemplary embodiment shown.
  • This has the advantage that the second coupling part 12 can easily be screwed onto the rear end of the anchor rod 3 by hand and it is also easy to check that the first anchor connecting sleeve 16 is screwed sufficiently far onto the end of the anchor rod 3 pointing out of the borehole 17 can be.
  • the second coupling part 12 can then be screwed onto the external thread 21 of the anchor rod 3 to an appropriate extent, for example using a tool of appropriate length within the enveloping tube 5 or the enveloping part tube 22 .
  • the attachment of the next partial anchor bar 15 by means of the anchor connecting sleeve 16 can also take place inside the cladding tube 5 .
  • Another possibility would also be to first place only the first coupling part 11 on the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole 17, then screw the second coupling part 12 onto the anchor rod 3, and only then slide on the jacket tube 5 and close it on the first coupling part 11 fasten, in particular to weld.
  • both the enveloping tube 5 and the anchor rod 3 can be lengthened by appropriately piecing together partial enveloping tubes 22 and partial anchoring rods 15 until the desired lengths are reached.
  • the anchor plate 19 is placed on the end section of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole mouth 18, if necessary after the jacket tube 5 has been correspondingly shortened and after the drilling fluid suspension 9 has hardened.
  • the anchor rod 3 and thus the prestressed anchor 1 is prestressed in its direction of longitudinal extent 8 to the required extent.
  • the desired stressed state of the prestressed anchor 1 according to the invention can then be fixed and also checked using known measuring methods.
  • the coupling parts 11 and 12 in the first embodiment according to the Figures 1 to 10 each have form-fitting elements 13 for forming the forced coupling in the circumferential direction 7 by means of form-fitting
  • This exemplary embodiment is one in which the coupling parts are coupled exclusively by means of frictional engagement.
  • mixed forms of forced couplings based on positive locking on the one hand and frictional locking on the other hand are also possible in the circumferential direction 7 .
  • 11 shows a longitudinal section through a borehole 17 at which the prestressed anchor 1 according to the invention of the second embodiment is fully installed and prestressed.
  • 12 shows an enlarged view of the area between the coupling 6 used here and the first anchor connecting sleeve 16 that follows in the direction of the borehole mouth 18, with an enlarged view in 12 the cladding tube 5 or the cladding part tube 22 and also the outer regions of the borehole 17 are not shown.
  • 13 shows the second coupling part 12 of this embodiment enlarged in a longitudinal section.
  • the first coupling part 11 of this variant is in 14 shown enlarged.
  • each of the two coupling parts 11 and 12 of this exemplary embodiment has at least one frictional engagement surface 26 or 27, which serves to form the positive coupling in the circumferential direction 7.
  • this forced coupling takes place exclusively through frictional engagement between the two frictional engagement surfaces 26 and 27 .
  • Both coupling parts 11 and 12 each have an annular or sleeve-shaped base body 14 .
  • the frictional engagement surface 26 is designed as an inwardly facing surface of the annular or sleeve-shaped base body 14 .
  • the frictional engagement surface 27 is designed as an outwardly facing surface of the ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped base body 14 .
  • Both frictional engagement surfaces 26 and 27 are in the form of a truncated cone or cone. This is a truncated circle. Both circular truncated cones taper in the direction of the drill bit 4.
  • this also enables the cladding tube 5 to be decoupled from the tie rod 3 in the longitudinal direction 8 of the tie rod 3 if the drill bit 4, with the area of the tie rod 3 protruding from the cladding tube 5 and the coupling 6, is drilled in the borehole 17 by means of the hardened drilling fluid suspension 9 is anchored and the area of the anchor rod 3 within the cladding tube 5 is tensioned by a corresponding tightening of the anchor nut 20 .
  • the angle 31 drawn in between the respective frictional engagement surfaces 26 or 27 of the respective clutch part 11 or 12 and the respective central longitudinal axis 29 or 30 of the respective clutch part 11 or 12 is advantageously in a range between 1° and 10°, particularly preferably in the range between 2° and 5°. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is an angle 31 of 3.44° in each case.
  • the length of the coupling parts 11 and 12 can be between 40 mm and 60 mm, to name just one example.
  • the first enveloping part tube 22 is favorably screwed directly onto a corresponding external thread 33 of the first coupling part 11 with its enveloping tube socket 23 arranged directly on the enveloping part tube 22 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the coupling part 11 and the corresponding partial enveloping tube 22 or enveloping tube 5 can also be fixed to one another in a different way, as has already been explained. If steel is used for both frictional engagement surfaces 26 and 27, the coefficient of static friction between these two frictional engagement surfaces 26 and 27 can be, for example, of the order of 0.15.
  • a second difference between the second exemplary embodiment shown here and the first exemplary embodiment described above is that in this variant implemented here, the cladding tube sockets 23 are formed the same on the corresponding cladding part tubes 22 or on their ends.
  • the in 12 particularly clearly visible spacer tube 28 is a component arranged between one of the anchor connecting sleeves 16 and the second coupling part 12 fixed to the anchor rod 3.
  • the spacer tube 28 is advantageously between the in 12 clearly visible anchor connection sleeve 16 and the second coupling part 12 clamped.
  • the anchor rod 3 is favorably guided through the spacer tube 28 .
  • the spacer tube 28 ensures a recurring offset between the respectively installed anchor sections 15 and the respectively installed enveloping section pipes 22. This applies in particular when the anchor sections 15 and the enveloping section pipes 22 are of the same length are.
  • Another effect of the spacer tube 28 at the end of the installation is the fact that the rear end of the anchor rod 3 protrudes so far out of the borehole mouth 18 that there is enough overhang for the assembly of the anchor plate 19 and the anchor nut 20 .
  • a third advantage is that the spacer tube 28 provides rear support for the second coupling part 12 on the anchor connecting sleeve 16 so that the anchor connecting sleeve 16 can also act as a lock nut for the second coupling part 12 in its spaced arrangement.
  • the anchor rod 3 is separated from the drilling device (not shown here) and, as in 16 shown, the first coupling part 11 is pushed onto the end of the anchor rod 3 or the anchor section 15 protruding from the borehole mouth 18 .
  • the second coupling part 12 is then screwed with its internal thread 32 onto the external thread 21 of the rear end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole mouth 18.
  • the spacer tube 28 is then pushed onto the rear end of the anchor rod 3, so that the situation is achieved as in 17 is shown.
  • the rear end of the tie rod 3 can be used, as shown in 18 shown, by means of a corresponding anchor connection sleeve 16, the next anchor section 15 are screwed.
  • a corresponding pinch seal is advantageously arranged between the armature sections 15 within the armature connecting sleeve 16 .
  • the spacer tube 28 ensures, as in 19 good to see, that there is always a certain length of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the last enveloping tube 22 that has just been installed. This offset is maintained in a simple manner up to the end of the drilling process, particularly in the case of enveloping tube sections 22 and anchor section sections 15 of the same length.
  • the drill In the position according to 19 can at the rear, so the drill bit 4 opposite end, the drill can be connected to the anchor rod 3 again. Now the drilling process is continued by rotating the anchor rod 3 together with the drill bit 4 and the cladding tube 5 in the circumferential direction 7 . In this case, the friction-based coupling 6 between the first coupling part 11 and the second coupling part 12 ensures the positive coupling between the jacket tube 5 and the anchor rod 3.
  • the drilling device can be separated from the anchor rod 3 again, whereupon the next anchor section 15 and then the next casing part tube 22 are installed in the corresponding casing tube socket 23 by means of a further anchor connecting sleeve 16 be able. This continues until the borehole 17 has reached the desired depth. Then, as in 20 shown, in which the end of the anchor rod 3 protruding from the borehole mouth 18 is placed on the anchor plate 19 and the anchor nut 20 is screwed on. As soon as the drilling fluid suspension 9 has hardened, the anchor rod can be tightened by appropriately tightening the anchor nut 20 3 are stretched within the cladding tube 5 and thus on the prestressing section.
  • the coupling 6 based here in this second exemplary embodiment on frictional engagement is decoupled in the direction of longitudinal extension 8 of the anchor rod 3 by the two coupling parts 11 and 12 being pulled apart.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Ancre de précontrainte (1) pour sécuriser une formation géologique (2), l'ancre de précontrainte (1) comprenant une tige d'ancrage (3) creuse à l'intérieur et un trépan (4) fixé à une extrémité avant de la tige d'ancrage (3) et un tube de gainage (5), et la tige d'ancrage (3) étant entourée par le tube de gainage (5) dans une région située à distance du trépan (4), et le tube de gainage (5) pouvant être ou étant accouplé de force à la tige d'ancrage (3) dans au moins une direction circonférentielle (7) autour d'une direction d'extension longitudinale (8) de la tige d'ancrage (3) au moyen d'au moins un accouplement (6) de l'ancre de précontrainte (1) afin d'entraîner en rotation le tube de gainage (5) avec la tige d'ancrage (3) pendant une opération de forage, caractérisé en ce que le tube de gainage (5) est désaccouplé de la tige d'ancrage (3) dans la direction d'extension longitudinale (8) de la tige d'ancrage (3) au moyen de l'accouplement (6).
  2. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le tube de gainage (5), dans sa région d'extrémité (10) dirigée vers le trépan (4), est rendu étanche par rapport à la tige d'ancrage (3) pour empêcher le tube de gainage (5) d'être rempli de suspension de boue de forage (9).
  3. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que l'accouplement (6) est muni d'une première pièce d'accouplement (11) formée ou fixée sur l'extrémité du tube de gainage (5) dirigée vers le trépan (4) et une seconde pièce d'accouplement (12) fixée sur la tige d'ancrage (3).
  4. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les pièces d'accouplement (11, 12) sont munies chacune d'au moins un élément d'accouplement par conjugaison de forme (13) pour former l'accouplement de force dans la direction circonférentielle (7).
  5. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que chacune des pièces d'accouplement (11, 12) est munie d'un corps de base (14) en forme d'anneau ou de manchon, et ledit au moins un élément d'accouplement par conjugaison de forme (13) de cette pièce d'accouplement (11, 12) est formé d'un seul tenant ou fixé sur le corps de base (14) et saille du corps de base (14) dans une direction parallèle à la direction d'extension longitudinale (8) de la tige d'ancrage (3).
  6. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que dans une ou la position d'accouplement dans laquelle les pièces d'accouplement (11, 12) sont accouplées l'une à l'autre, les pièces d'accouplement (11, 12) s'engagent l'une dans l'autre avec du jeu dans la direction circonférentielle (7).
  7. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les pièces d'accouplement (11, 12) sont munies chacune d'au moins une surface d'accouplement par friction (26, 27) pour former l'accouplement de force dans la direction circonférentielle (7), de préférence exclusivement, au moyen d'un accouplement par friction.
  8. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que chacune des pièces d'accouplement (11, 12) est munie d'un corps de base (14) en forme d'anneau ou de manchon et, dans le cas de la première pièce d'accouplement (11), la surface d'accouplement par friction (26) est conçue comme une surface du corps de base (14) qui est en forme d'anneau ou de manchon et qui est dirigée vers l'intérieur et, dans le cas de la deuxième pièce d'accouplement (12), la surface d'accouplement par friction (27) est conçue sous la forme d'une surface du corps de base (14) qui est en forme d'anneau ou de manchon et qui est dirigée vers l'extérieur.
  9. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que la surface d'accouplement par friction (26) de la première pièce d'accouplement (11) et/ou la surface d'accouplement par friction (27) de la seconde pièce d'accouplement (12) est ou sont de forme tronconique.
  10. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6 ou 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que la tige d'ancrage (3) est guidée, de préférence logée de façon mobile, à travers le corps de base (14) en forme d'anneau ou de manchon de la première pièce d'accouplement (11), et/ou en ce que la deuxième pièce d'accouplement (12) est fixée sur la tige d'ancrage (3), de préférence vissée sur la tige d'ancrage (3), avec son corps de base (14) en forme d'anneau ou de manchon.
  11. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon l'une des revendications 3 à 10, caractérisée en ce que la deuxième pièce d'accouplement (12) est disposée à l'intérieur du tube de gainage (5) dans une position d'accouplement dans laquelle les pièces d'accouplement (11, 12) sont accouplées l'une à l'autre.
  12. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que la tige d'ancrage (3) est conçue en plusieurs parties avec deux ou plusieurs tiges d'ancrage partielles (15) disposées les unes derrière les autres dans la direction d'extension longitudinale (8) de la tige d'ancrage (3), et deux tiges d'ancrage partielles (15) successives sont reliées entre elles au moyen d'une douille de raccordement d'ancrage (16), au moins l'une des douilles de raccordement d'ancrage (16), de préférence toutes, étant disposée à l'intérieur du tube de gainage (5).
  13. Ancre de précontrainte (1) selon les revendications 3 et 12, caractérisée en ce qu'un tube d'espacement (28) est disposé entre l'une des douilles de raccordement d'ancrage (16) et la seconde pièce d'accouplement (12) fixée à la tige d'ancrage (3).
  14. Procédé d'installation d'une ancre de précontrainte (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13 dans une formation géologique (2), dans lequel un trou de forage (17) est foré dans la formation géologique (2) avec le trépan (4) fixé à l'extrémité avant de la tige d'ancrage (3), et pendant le processus de forage, une suspension de boue de forage (9) est transportée jusqu'au trépan (4) à travers la tige d'ancrage (3) creuse à l'intérieur, laquelle boue est introduite à travers le trépan (4) dans le trou de forage (17), et le tube de gainage (5) entourant la tige d'ancrage (3) est installé dans le trou de forage (17) dans la région située à distance du trépan (4), et il est accouplé de force à la tige d'ancrage (3) dans la direction circonférentielle (7) au moyen de l'accouplement (6), le tube de gainage (5) étant entraîné en rotation avec la tige d'ancrage (3) dans la direction circonférentielle (7) pendant la poursuite du forage.
EP20200534.4A 2019-10-17 2020-10-07 Ancre de précontrainte permettant de sécuriser une formation géologique Active EP3808934B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATGM121/2019U AT16940U1 (de) 2019-10-17 2019-10-17 Vorspannanker zum Sichern einer geologischen Formation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3808934A1 EP3808934A1 (fr) 2021-04-21
EP3808934B1 true EP3808934B1 (fr) 2022-02-09

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AT (1) AT16940U1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116595850B (zh) * 2023-05-22 2023-11-17 中国矿业大学 恒定预紧力端锚粗糙层状岩体剪切增韧颗粒流数值方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4204533C2 (de) * 1992-02-15 1994-03-17 Gd Anker Gmbh & Co Kg Injektionsbohranker
DE19503122B4 (de) * 1995-02-01 2004-07-22 Ibi Anker Gmbh Injektionsanker
DE19512119A1 (de) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Entwässern der einen Hohlraum umgebenden Gebirgsschichten
AT408248B (de) * 1997-06-18 2001-09-25 Techmo Entw & Vertriebs Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren von löchern
BRPI0618483A2 (pt) * 2005-11-09 2011-08-30 Sandvik Intellectual Property parafuso auto-perfurador para rocha
US20130011204A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Amcon Limited Method and apparatus for forming pilings and anchors

Also Published As

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AT16940U1 (de) 2020-12-15
EP3808934A1 (fr) 2021-04-21

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