EP3795904A1 - Simulierte feuerstelle - Google Patents

Simulierte feuerstelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3795904A1
EP3795904A1 EP20184882.7A EP20184882A EP3795904A1 EP 3795904 A1 EP3795904 A1 EP 3795904A1 EP 20184882 A EP20184882 A EP 20184882A EP 3795904 A1 EP3795904 A1 EP 3795904A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
artificial
fireplace
dummy
hearth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20184882.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3795904B1 (de
Inventor
Dominique Imbert
Laurent GABORIT
Christophe PLOYE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atelier Dominique Imbert SAS
Original Assignee
Atelier Dominique Imbert SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR1910226A external-priority patent/FR3100872A1/fr
Application filed by Atelier Dominique Imbert SAS filed Critical Atelier Dominique Imbert SAS
Priority to PCT/EP2020/075875 priority Critical patent/WO2021053019A1/fr
Priority to JP2022517831A priority patent/JP2023511638A/ja
Priority to CA3151508A priority patent/CA3151508A1/fr
Priority to US17/761,493 priority patent/US11788696B2/en
Priority to CN202080065155.7A priority patent/CN114450523B/zh
Publication of EP3795904A1 publication Critical patent/EP3795904A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3795904B1 publication Critical patent/EP3795904B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24CDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/002Stoves
    • F24C7/004Stoves simulating flames
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00Electric heating systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S10/00Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
    • F21S10/04Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect simulating flames
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00Details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00Details
    • F24D19/06Casings, cover lids or ornamental panels, for radiators
    • F24D19/064Coverings not directly attached to a radiator, e.g. box-like coverings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F19/00Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
    • G09F19/12Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
    • G09F19/18Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects involving the use of optical projection means, e.g. projection of images on clouds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08Electric heater

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of the fireplace, and more particularly to the field of the decorative fireplace. More specifically, the invention relates to the field of fireplaces, whether it is an open or closed fireplace, a stove or even an insert.
  • the present invention relates to an artificial fireplace integrated into a fireplace which preferably has a decorative character.
  • a fireplace has a hearth delimited by an enclosure inside which it is customary to light and maintain a fire whose heat energy is diffused by radiation and / or conduction and / or convection for heat a room or a house.
  • the fire can be produced from wood or other fuels, such as alcohol or gas.
  • fuels such as alcohol or gas.
  • electric heating resistances there are also homes with electric heating resistances.
  • the peculiarity of a fireplace lies in the opening that it usually has in the front part of its peripheral wall, making it possible to make visible the embers and the animation of the flames of wood combustion. This is particularly pleasant to the sight of a user by contributing to an impression of appeasement, warmth and well-being.
  • an artificial embers bed often constituted by a reproduction of logs sheltering a red / orange lighting with variation of intensity to try to imitate embers that are burning.
  • the objective is, in this case, to provide the aforementioned sensations by disregarding the heating function usually provided by such a fireplace.
  • an artificial fireplace that includes a reflection hologram illustrating flames depicted on a vertical or slightly inclined plate.
  • the hologram is illuminated alternately by different lamps arranged at the top and bottom of the focus.
  • Lights can be associated with the fictitious fuel elements to simulate a bed of incandescent embers. Consequently, through the opening in the enclosure of the fireplace, the user sees a juxtaposition of elements, namely a bed of embers behind which appears a holographic image of flames.
  • an artificial fireplace comprising a semi-reflecting plate inclined between 10 ° and 30 ° comprising a hologram representing a combustion chamber.
  • a light source illuminates the semi-reflecting plate from the front and from the top of the fireplace enclosure.
  • a play of light and optical reflection animates the flame of the hologram represented on the semi-reflective plate.
  • Fictitious fuel elements can also come to support the realism of the optical illusion by being arranged at the front and at the rear of the semi-reflecting plate.
  • an artificial fireplace comprising a hearth formed by an enclosure open in the front part, while in the lower part is arranged a bed of artificial embers.
  • a video screen showing images of flames is placed in this enclosure of the fireplace, behind the bed of artificial embers, while a dichroic mirror extends to the front of this screen and above the bed of artificial embers with a tilt angle of 45 °.
  • a screen diffusing a fireplace background image is provided under the top wall of the enclosure. This image is reflected on the dichroic mirror by merging it, above and at the level of the bed of embers, with the images of flames broadcast by the video screen.
  • the fireplace described in this document EP 2 807 426 allows the user to appear through the opening in the front part of the hearth enclosure a holographic image extending mainly above the bed of embers.
  • the focus is characterized in that the projection means are configured to emit, according to an incident ray, images, in particular of animated flames through linear polarized light, the display screen being defined by a transparent glass plate which extends between the dummy ember bed and the projection means, the transparent plate forming with respect to the incident ray an angle of between 50 ° and 56 °.
  • the advantages resulting from the present invention consist in an impression of spectacular realism of the wood fire which can be seen by an observer situated in front of the opening of the enclosure of the hearth.
  • This result is obtained by implementing technical means of simple design.
  • These means are capable of delivering a holographic image of perfect clarity resulting, on the one hand, from the use of a display screen, and on the other hand, from means of projecting a flame image according to a beam of linear polarized light emitted at an angle corresponding to Brewster's law.
  • the projection means are located under the upper wall of the enclosure.
  • the projection means are thus concealed from the line of sight of an observer.
  • the display screen is arranged in the enclosure, on the one hand, between the projection means and the dummy ember bed, and on the other hand, in the extension of the opening at a determined angle with respect to the bottom of the enclosure.
  • the transparent glass plate comprises, at its rear face, visible through the opening of the enclosure, an anti-reflection treatment.
  • the transparent glass plate is held in the enclosure by means of a structure support in the form of a console resting on this bottom by defining a screen at the rear of the dummy ember bed.
  • the transparent glass plate is configured to be adjusted to the walls of the enclosure. This helps to hide the presence of a display screen from an observer.
  • the artificial hearth is equipped with means of sound diffusion and / or olfactory emissions.
  • the artificial fireplace comprises lighting means configured to diffuse ambient light in the enclosure. This characteristic helps to reinforce the impression of realism.
  • the bed of embers is composed of different elements imitating a combination of wood during combustion, embers and ashes in materials chosen to partially allow light rays produced by means of lighting installed under this bed of embers, in the form of LEDs capable of being subjected to a variation of light intensity to simulate the animation of real incandescent embers.
  • the artificial fireplace is mounted to rotate about a vertical axis through suspension means, such as a dummy smoke duct, or a support base.
  • This fireplace or stove is characterized by that it comprises a dummy smoke duct incorporating heating means, preferably of the dry inertia electric type.
  • the present invention relates to an artificial fireplace 1, for a fireplace, insert or stove, comprising an enclosure 2 delimited by a lower wall 3, an upper wall 4 and a peripheral wall 5.
  • this home 1 can take different embodiments.
  • the lower 3 and upper 4 wall as well as the peripheral wall 5 can be more or less concave so as to give this focus 1 a substantial sphere shape.
  • the different walls 3, 4, 5 being in continuity with one another.
  • the lower wall 3 and the peripheral wall 5 give the hearth an oblate shape extended and surmounted by a cone formed by the upper wall 4.
  • the lower wall 3 of the fireplace 1 will be considered, that which closes the latter in its lower part.
  • the upper wall 4 covers the enclosure 2 of the fireplace 1.
  • the peripheral wall 5 corresponds to the envelope laterally surrounding this enclosure 2.
  • this peripheral wall 5 has an opening 6 offering a line of sight 7 of the interior of the enclosure 2 of the fireplace 1.
  • the opening 6 corresponds to a mouth which has an ovoid shape and follows the curvature of the peripheral wall 5.
  • the central part 60 of the opening 6 extends at the level of a plane P or in front of this plane P More precisely, the upper central part 60 extends at the level of the plane P. As for the lower central part 60, it extends in this example, in front of the plane P. This is illustrated on figure 2 , the plane P being tangent to the curvature of the peripheral wall 5.
  • the side edges 61 of the opening 6 are set back from the plane P. This specific configuration of the opening 6 contributes to reducing parasitic reflections that come from outside the enclosure 2.
  • the lower wall 3 of the fireplace 1 defines the bottom 8 of the enclosure.
  • the artificial hearth 1 comprises on the bottom 8 of the enclosure a dummy ember bed 9.
  • the dummy ember bed 9 is arranged in the line of sight 7.
  • projection means 10 are configured to emit linear polarized light.
  • the projection means 10 are configured to project an image of animated flames towards a display screen 11.
  • the artificial focus 1 comprises a viewing screen 11 which is arranged in the enclosure 2.
  • the viewing screen 11 is arranged in the line of vision 7 of an observer 12 located in front of the opening 6 of the artificial fireplace 1.
  • these projection means 10 are located under the upper wall 4 of the enclosure 2.
  • the projection means 10 are moreover defined to diffuse images, in particular of animated flames, through linear polarized light.
  • the configuration and cooperation of the viewing screen 11 and the projection means 10 allow the formation of a virtual image in the line of sight 7.
  • this virtual image is formed. form, on the line of sight 7, behind the display screen 11 at the level where the dummy ember bed 9 is placed.
  • the display screen 11 it is arranged in the enclosure 2 between the projection means 10 and the dummy ember bed 9 and in the extension of the opening 6.
  • the viewing screen 11 is defined by viewing optics.
  • the viewing optic is formed by a transparent plate 13.
  • this transparent plate 13 is formed of glass.
  • the transparent plate 13 can be considered as a diopter.
  • the transparent plate 13 is configured so that the projection means 10 emit linear polarized light according to the Brewster angle. This produces a Fresnel reflection at the Brewster angle.
  • the transparent plate 13 is arranged at an angle iB of between 50 ° and 56 ° relative to the incident ray emitted by the projection means 10. This angle measurement corresponds to a so-called Brewster angle.
  • the projection of a linear polarized light on the transparent plate 13 according to the Brewster angle contributes to eliminating the partial reflection which usually occurs when a light beam is emitted on a diopter. This is because the refracted ray rB is perpendicular to the reflected ray 14a. However, according to this direction of refraction, the refracted light beam does not appear in the line of sight 7 of an observer, it is therefore not visible by the latter (shown in figure 3 ). The clarity of the virtual image which forms on the transparent plate 13 is thus optimized, thus increasing the impression of realism of the virtual image to an observer located on the line of vision 7.
  • the transparent plate 13 reflects an image towards the line of sight 7 consisting of a single polarized component which is formed by the reflected ray 14a.
  • the clarity of the virtual image which forms on the line of sight 7 is furthermore optimized by the reduction of the reflections coming from the external environment.
  • the transparent plate 13 comprises at its rear face 15, visible through the opening 6 of the enclosure 2, an anti-reflection treatment so as to prevent any light emanating from a source other than the corresponding one. to the projection means 10 does not disturb the holographic image thus produced.
  • the three-dimensional geometric shape of the hearth 2 and of the opening 6 illustrated in figure 2 also helps reduce stray light reflections from outside the focus 2.
  • the observer 12 in front of the opening 6, not perceiving the transparent plate 13, has the illusion that the flames are burning above the dummy ember bed 9.
  • the transparent glass plate 13 is configured to be fitted to the walls 3, 4, 5 of the enclosure 2.
  • the transparent plate 13 is sized according to the dimensions of the enclosure 2 and in particular of a cross section of the enclosure 2.
  • the transparent plate 13 advantageously has a shape similar to the geometric shape of a cross section of the enclosure 2.
  • the cross section has an ovoid geometric shape.
  • the fact that the transparent plate 13 is fitted to the walls 3, 4, 5 of the enclosure 2 helps to conceal the presence of the transparent plate 13 from the eyes of a user who is in the line of sight 7.
  • the transparent plate 13 can be maintained in the enclosure 2 under the aforementioned conditions by means of a support structure 16 which can take various embodiments.
  • this support structure 16 can be in the form of a simple support rim (not shown) at the level of the peripheral wall 5, inside the enclosure 2 so as to provide support for the upper rim 17 of the plate. transparent 13, the lower edge 18 of which rests, for example, on the bottom 8.
  • this support structure 16 can also take the form of a console 19 resting on this bottom 8, at the rear of the bed of dummy embers 9. On this console rests the upper edge 17 of the transparent plate 13, according to the inclination conditions mentioned above. Furthermore, this console 19 can define a screen 20 at the rear of the dummy ember bed 9.
  • lighting means 21 able to diffuse mood light in the home 1.
  • These lighting means 21 can for example take position at the rear of the screen 20 formed by the console 19, between this screen and the peripheral wall 5 of the enclosure 2.
  • the fireplace according to the invention can also be equipped with means of sound diffusion and / or olfactory emissions 22.
  • these can be installed in the enclosure 2, under the upper wall 4, preferably in outside the field of vision provided by the opening 6.
  • Such means of sound diffusion and / or olfactory emissions 22 can, for example, emit noises imitating the crackling of a wood fire and / or a smell of wood .
  • a fireplace according to the invention can equip a fireplace or a stove. It is common ground that the hearth of a fireplace or a stove is traditionally connected to a smoke evacuation duct.
  • a fireplace 23, as visible in the figure 2 , or a stove comprising a hearth 1 according to the invention can be equipped with a dummy smoke duct 24 inside which heating means 25 can take position.
  • These are preferably of the dry inertia electric type.
  • this dummy smoke duct 24 can substantially constitute means for suspending the fireplace 1.
  • the fireplace 1 is mounted to rotate about an essentially vertical axis through, as the case may be, these suspension means preferably defined by a dummy smoke duct 24, or a support base on which the focus 1 rests (solution not shown).
  • the ember bed 9 it can be made up of different elements imitating a combination of burning wood, embers and ashes.
  • the materials are chosen to partially leave light rays produced by lighting means 26 preferably located under this bed of ember 9 show through.
  • lighting means 26 advantageously in the form of LEDs, are capable of being subjected to a variation in light intensity to simulate the animation of real glowing embers.
  • control and management means 27 may be associated remote control means 28, via radio frequency, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or other, capable of offering the user a multitude of operating mode selections of the home. 1.
  • a user can, for example, select a video sequence, among several, capable of being projected by the projection means 10. and / or choose different mood lighting and / or select a sound broadcasting band and / or a particular smell emission from a range offered.
  • the lighting means 26 under the ember bed 9 can also adopt different cycles of variation of the light of the LEDs which compose them, cycles capable of being selected by such remote control means 28 and / or directly by control and management means 27.
  • these same means, 27, 28 are capable of offering the user the possibility of intervening in the operating mode of the heating means 25.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
EP20184882.7A 2019-09-17 2020-07-09 Simulierte feuerstelle Active EP3795904B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2020/075875 WO2021053019A1 (fr) 2019-09-17 2020-09-16 Foyer artificiel
JP2022517831A JP2023511638A (ja) 2019-09-17 2020-09-16 人工暖炉
CA3151508A CA3151508A1 (fr) 2019-09-17 2020-09-16 Foyer artificiel
US17/761,493 US11788696B2 (en) 2019-09-17 2020-09-16 Artificial fireplace
CN202080065155.7A CN114450523B (zh) 2019-09-17 2020-09-16 人造壁炉

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1910226A FR3100872A1 (fr) 2019-09-17 2019-09-17 Foyer artificiel
FR1913416A FR3100873B1 (fr) 2019-09-17 2019-11-28 Foyer artificiel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3795904A1 true EP3795904A1 (de) 2021-03-24
EP3795904B1 EP3795904B1 (de) 2022-03-02

Family

ID=71452162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20184882.7A Active EP3795904B1 (de) 2019-09-17 2020-07-09 Simulierte feuerstelle

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US11788696B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3795904B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2023511638A (de)
CN (1) CN114450523B (de)
CA (1) CA3151508A1 (de)
DK (1) DK3795904T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2914897T3 (de)
PT (1) PT3795904T (de)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2151772A (en) 1983-12-02 1985-07-24 Valor Heating Ltd Domestic heating appliance
CN1222226A (zh) * 1996-04-30 1999-07-07 丁普莱克斯北美有限公司 火焰模拟装置及其组件
WO2002077533A1 (en) 2001-03-23 2002-10-03 Valor Limited Apparatus for simulating a solid fuel fire
US20060150966A1 (en) * 2005-01-12 2006-07-13 Jamieson Donald R Fireplace assemblies with antireflective screens
CN1808263A (zh) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-26 丁普莱克斯北美有限公司 火焰模拟装备
CA2726061A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2011-05-04 Twin-Star International, Inc. Multi-color simulated flame system for electric fireplaces
EP2807426A2 (de) 2012-01-24 2014-12-03 Basic Holdings Künstlicher kamin
FR3059761A1 (fr) * 2016-12-07 2018-06-08 Texas De France (Sas) Appareil de chauffage simulant des flammes

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8739439B2 (en) * 2010-12-20 2014-06-03 Twin-Star International, Inc. Multi-color simulated flame system for electric fireplaces
US20170261212A1 (en) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-14 Lf Centennial Limited Electric fireplace insert with interchangeable firebox modules
CN105910060A (zh) * 2016-04-20 2016-08-31 广州铱星光电科技有限公司 一种电壁炉的火焰模拟装置
CA2965906C (en) * 2016-05-10 2019-09-24 Twin-Star International, Inc. Electric fireplace lighting system
US10371333B2 (en) * 2017-06-20 2019-08-06 Living Style (B.V.I) Limited Flame simulating assembly for simulated fireplaces including an integrated flame screen and ember bed
NL2022379B1 (en) * 2019-01-11 2020-08-13 Kal Fire Beheer B V Artificial fireplace

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2151772A (en) 1983-12-02 1985-07-24 Valor Heating Ltd Domestic heating appliance
CN1222226A (zh) * 1996-04-30 1999-07-07 丁普莱克斯北美有限公司 火焰模拟装置及其组件
WO2002077533A1 (en) 2001-03-23 2002-10-03 Valor Limited Apparatus for simulating a solid fuel fire
US20060150966A1 (en) * 2005-01-12 2006-07-13 Jamieson Donald R Fireplace assemblies with antireflective screens
CN1808263A (zh) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-26 丁普莱克斯北美有限公司 火焰模拟装备
CA2726061A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2011-05-04 Twin-Star International, Inc. Multi-color simulated flame system for electric fireplaces
EP2807426A2 (de) 2012-01-24 2014-12-03 Basic Holdings Künstlicher kamin
FR3059761A1 (fr) * 2016-12-07 2018-06-08 Texas De France (Sas) Appareil de chauffage simulant des flammes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11788696B2 (en) 2023-10-17
EP3795904B1 (de) 2022-03-02
CN114450523B (zh) 2023-05-30
JP2023511638A (ja) 2023-03-22
US20220364697A1 (en) 2022-11-17
PT3795904T (pt) 2022-06-02
CA3151508A1 (fr) 2021-03-25
CN114450523A (zh) 2022-05-06
ES2914897T3 (es) 2022-06-17
DK3795904T3 (da) 2022-06-07

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