EP3789170B1 - Device for separating slate slabs - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for cutting slabs of slate, fiber cement or ceramic slabs, which can be driven in particular by an electric motor and can be carried along in a mobile manner, with an abutment having a contact surface for the slab of slate, in which a tool carrier having a cutting edge is cyclically deflected by means of an eccentric so that the cutting edge is released from one of the abutments penetrates into the slab on the opposite side and creates a cut edge or break edge.

Slabs of slate have been used for roofing or facade cladding for centuries. The processing step in which the slabs of slate are given their final shape is called trimming. Even today, trimming is still largely done manually.

Trimming in the context of the invention is understood to mean the outer shape of the slabs on the one hand, but also the provision of perforations and recesses for the subsequent attachment of the trimmed slabs to the substructures of roofs or facades.

The traditional dressing, which is still used today, is carried out using a dressing hammer and a hammer. It is not possible to dispense with trimming at the installation site, since only there is it clear which panels are to be installed at which point on the roof or facade, and it is therefore only clear at the installation site which slabs require a special shape.

Traditional trimming with a hammer and hammer bridge requires great craftsmanship and many years of experience, since the edge of the slate that is visible when installed is on the contact surface and can therefore not be seen during trimming.

However, it is also known to trim the slates to a desired format on site with the aid of mechanical equipment. For example, describes the DE 34 02 038 A1 discloses an apparatus for trimming the edges of slabs of slate on a stationary base, wherein a cutting tool is movable along a stationary rail guide.

Furthermore, the DE 199 60 426 A1 discloses a slate trimming tool that can be used with a jigsaw and has only one trimming tooth that performs a vertical, permanent hammering motion to trim the slab.

From the US 2005/0028391 A1 and the U.S. 2016/0375510 A1 discloses shears for building materials, including stone faced metal shingles, which can be connected to a chuck of a portable drill.

the DE 199 43 598 A1 and the DE 299 06 928 U1 , which discloses the preamble of claim 1, relate to a battery-powered, preferably hand-held tool for processing fiber cement, slate or ceramic plates with an electric lifting drive for a tool set.

the DE 10 2012 103 564 A1 relates to a slate cutter for slabs of slate, cement slabs or the like, which has two crossing pivotable levers. The two ends of the lever each form a gripping arm and a breaking arm.

From the DE 333 291 A is known a pair of scissors for cutting roofing slate, with a fixed scissor part and a movable scissor part designed as a double-armed lever, which is moved up and down by a connecting rod by means of an eccentric disk in such a way that the scissor mouth is not completely closed. The roofing slate always rests on the lower cutting blade when cutting, so that the slate does not slip off the cutting surface and the slate can be easily advanced and rotated as desired.

With a device according to DE 79 584 A Slabs of slate of any shape are to be cut by means of polygonally curved knives, the cutting edges of which rise at an angle, only ever hit one single polygonal side of the slab of slate.

Furthermore describes the DE 188 688 A a device for trimming and perforating slabs of slate. A head is arranged at the end of a shaft, on the face of which four curved knives are fixed at equal intervals, these sliding past a support knife when the shaft rotates. The edge of the slate to be processed is placed on this support knife and moved as required.

the US 83 634 A shows a steam powered slate cutter in which a blade is mounted on a cyclically deflected lever arm.

From the EP 1 502 684 A1 a tin snips is known, the position of which can be adjusted by changing the position of the drive element.

the U.S. 2006/0 213 343 A1 shows a hand-held cutting tool for cutting fiber cement, with which clean cut edges can be produced quickly and dust-free.

An essential aspect in the processing of slabs of slate relates to the assignment of the breaking edge and the cut edge to the front and back of the slab of slate. When cutting slabs of slate, the breaking edge of the cut is also the visible edge. However, the breaking edge occurs when cutting on the rear side facing away from the cutting edge on the side of the abutment.

The desired cutting path marked on the slab of slab must therefore often be transferred to the opposite side in order to apply the cutting edge there and create the desired breaking edge on the front side. However, this carry leads to an additional effort and to errors.

The same also applies to the introduction of through-openings as nail holes in the slab of slate, with a conical widening of the through-opening being desired only on the visible side.

In the case of fiber cement panels, on the other hand, neither the breaking edge nor a conical widening of the passage opening should be visible.

To avoid this problem, a hand-operated slate cutter that can be used on both sides is also known through public prior use, in which the breaking edge forms at the top or bottom depending on the orientation of the cutting edge and the abutment. In one position for cutting slabs of slate, the broken edge forms visibly on the upper side. In the reverse position, for example when using fiber cement panels, the cut edge is on the top.

In practice, the use of such hand-operated slate shears is a hindrance that the user not only has to apply the force to operate the slate shears, but also the force to hold the slabs of slate to compensate for the cutting forces are also dependent on the orientation of the slate shears. The user therefore quickly tires on the construction site under often difficult environmental conditions.

The object of the invention is to make the processing of slabs of slate much easier and in particular to enable cuts to be carried out largely without tiring, optionally as a cut edge or as a broken edge.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a device according to the features of claim 1 . The further development of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a device is therefore provided which can be fixed in a stationary or detachable manner while the cutting process is being carried out and which is equipped with at least two cutting edges located opposite one another in a common plane with the tool carrier, with at least one cutting edge above the at least one abutment and at least one other cutting edge Cutting edge is arranged below an abutment, so that the slab of slate can be placed against a respective contact surface of the at least one abutment from above or from below during the cutting process, and the tool carrier carrying the cutting edges is designed to be reversingly movable in translation by means of the eccentric during operation. The invention is based on the finding that precise and largely fatigue-free machining of the slabs of slate is possible if the user does not - as in the prior art - control the holding forces himself, but only guides the slab of slate in relation to the cutting edge in the feed direction Generation of the contour must apply. For this purpose, the device is releasably fixed during use directly at the place of use, for example on rafters, by means of a fixing agent. Both screws and quick-release fasteners, in particular clamping or tensioning elements, can be used for this purpose. The forces arising from the application of the slate to the abutment of the device in use are thus dissipated into the stationary structure.

One could now think of designing the device to be pivotable, in order to be able to process the cutting edge from above or below. According to the invention, however, the device has at least two cutters which are fixed to the common tool carrier and are arranged mirror-symmetrically in relation to the plane of the slab of slate supplied. The abutment allows the slab to be applied from above or below, so that the upper or lower cutting edge is used. This allows the user to determine at any time by simply selecting the contact surface on which The breaking edge and the cut edge are formed on the side, whereby any markings on the slab remain visible at all times.

A major advantage is the movement of the cutting edges along a translational, reversing path of movement, because the angle enclosed between the cutting edge and the surface of the slab remains constant in every processing phase. It has already been shown that the processing quality of the cut edge and the broken edge that can be achieved in this way is far superior to the methods known from the prior art. The reversing movement is realized by an eccentric based on the principle of a crank mechanism or slider crank mechanism, with the tool carrier also forming the thrust element.

The effective direction of the shearing force of the tool carrier generated in this way is preferably parallel to the connecting line between the axis of rotation of the rotational force introduction and the cutting edges, so that an undesirable lateral tilting moment is reduced. It has also been shown that the shale dust produced has friction-reducing properties, so that the wear on the moving parts of the device is reduced and, in particular, an encapsulation of these parts is unnecessary.

The force is preferably introduced by an external rotary drive, with an integrated electric drive of the device not being ruled out. The cutting edges are preferably detachably connected to the tool carrier and can thus be easily exchanged if necessary.

It has already proven useful if the cutting edge has a maximum thickness that is greater than the thickness of the tool carrier, so that it does not come into contact with the cut surfaces of the slab of slate.

Furthermore, a collecting device for fragments or also for plate parts that can be reused can also be provided.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is also achieved in that at least the blade arranged below the abutment is assigned a movable support element for transmitting a particularly adjustable pressing force for prestressing the slab of slate against the contact surface of the abutment. As a result, the slab of slate to be machined from below is pressed against the contact surface by means of the support element against the force of gravity, the pressing force being so is dimensioned such that a displacement of the slab transversely to the effective direction of the pressing force, i.e. in particular in the horizontal plane, is possible without any problems. The support element ensures the contact between the slab of slate and the contact surface during processing and thus reliably prevents, in particular, an undesired momentary lifting of the slab of slate during the return movement of the cutting edge. The plane of the support element also remains parallel to the contact surface of the abutment when slabs of different material thicknesses are cut. For example, a telescopic guide or a lever linkage, in particular a parallelogram guide, is suitable for this.

It is advantageous that the prestressing force of the movable support element can be adjusted depending on the mass or material properties of the slab of slate to be processed. Because this is generated by means of an adjustable spring element, the prestressing force can be varied at any time, even during the processing of the slab.

A further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is achieved in that the tool carrier is kinematically coupled to at least one punch for making through openings that can be used as nail holes in the slab of slate, with the punch being assigned a contact surface of an abutment. In order not to impair the processing clearance of the slabs of slate during cutting, each punch is arranged in a plane that is spaced apart, in particular parallel, from the processing plane during cutting.

The principle of the oppositely reversing movement of several stamps is also particularly preferably used with regard to the stamp, in that the tool carrier is connected to at least two stamps, each of which is assigned a contact surface of at least one abutment in such a way that the slab of slate can be placed on from above or below, wherein at least one stamp is arranged above the at least one abutment and at least one further stamp is arranged below an abutment. As a result, the user can optionally create the conical widening or the essentially cylindrical recess on the visible side or the rear side of the slab.

The device then has particularly compact dimensions and a low dead weight if the device has a coupling for a commercially available, portable drilling and/or screwing tool for transmitting a rotary movement, so that, for example, a cordless screwdriver, which is already a standard tool, can be used as the drive source for the rotary drive can, to the eccentric of to drive the device. The drilling and/or screwing tool is supported on a contact surface of the device, which can also be realized, for example, by a profile element that can be fixed in different positions on the device. In the non-use position, this profile element is fixed in a holder, which at the same time blocks the tool carrier or access to the cutting edges, so that the profile element must first be removed before use, so that its use is not inadvertently omitted.

The drilling and/or screwing tool can be activated using the existing switch. A variant is particularly well suited for this purpose, in which the device has an actuating element for transmitting an operating force to a switch or button on the drilling and/or screwing tool, so that the actuating element can be reached in an ergonomically optimized manner, in particular from the feed side of the slabs of slate, and enables rapid shutdown . Various switching positions can be implemented for continuous operation or for brief operation. Of course, sensors, in particular non-contact signal transmitters, can also be implemented. The actuating element is optionally designed for purely mechanical power transmission by means of a coupling rod or a Bowden cable, or is connected to the switch of the drilling and/or screwing tool by an electrically activatable actuating element.

A further likewise particularly useful modification of the invention is achieved in that the device is equipped with a guide for a stop which can be placed against the slab in particular in different angular positions and which can be moved translationally along the guide for infeed. As a result, the slab of slate can be moved by means of the stop without an undesired change in angle along the guide, which is designed as a rail or profile, for example, in the feed direction to the cutting edge. This reduces the risk of injury even further and makes it easier to make straight cuts in the slab. A scale for setting a desired angular position or cutting length can of course be provided.

In another particularly useful embodiment of the invention, the device has a quick fix for stationary or stationary fixation on objects, in order to enable a simple, quickly detachable connection on site, which is also resilient and reliably withstands the forces that occur when processing the slabs of slate and accommodates without deformation or displacement. Are self-evident Pre-settings for a desired angular position, in particular for a horizontal alignment of the contact surfaces, can be implemented in a sensible manner.

The invention permits various embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and is described below. This shows a side view of a device 1 according to the invention for cutting slabs of slate 2. Before use, the device 1 is first fixed to a stationary object 3 by means of a quick fixation. A coupling 4 of device 1 for transmitting drive power and for initiating a rotational movement 5 is then coupled to a cordless screwdriver (not shown), which in turn is also supported on object 3 or on a support surface (not shown) of device 1 . The rotational movement 5 initiated in this way is transmitted by means of an eccentric 6 to a tool carrier 7 which is thereby driven in a reversing translational manner in its guide 8 in the direction of the arrow 9 . Two opposite cutting edges 10, 11 and two punches 12, 13 are interchangeably arranged on the tool carrier 7 in a common plane. An abutment 14, 15, 16 is arranged between the cutters 10, 11 and above the upper punch 12 and below the lower punch 13, the abutment 14 arranged between the cutters 10, 11 each having a contact surface 17 on its upper side and a contact surface 18 has on its underside. By arranging the upper cutting edge 10 above the abutment 14 and the lower cutting edge 11 below an abutment 14, the slab of slate 2 can be placed against a respective contact surface 17, 18 of the abutment 14 either from above or from below during the cutting process. As a result, the cutting edge 10, 11 penetrates the surface of the slab 2 either from the visible side or the rear side and thus produces the typical breaking edge 19 and the cutting edge 20 on the desired side. Shown only in outline is a support element 21 arranged below the abutment 14 for transmitting a pretension of the slab of slab 2 against the contact surface 18 by means of an adjustable pressing force F, which significantly facilitates the handling and guidance of the slab of slab 2 during processing. In the same way, the stamps 12, 13 penetrate either from the front or the back of the slab 2, with these being associated with the abutment 12 or 13, respectively. In order to activate the cordless screwdriver, the device 1 has an actuating element 22 equipped with a linkage for the mechanical transmission of an operating force to a switch or button of the cordless screwdriver, which is therefore within easy reach of the user and next to a position for continuous operation as a switch also enables short-term operation as a button. <b>REFERENCE LIST</b> 1 contraption 16 abutment 2 slab of slate 17 contact surface 3 object 18 contact surface 4 coupling 19 breaking edge 5 rotational movement 20 cutting edge 6 eccentric 21 support element 7 tool carrier 22 actuator 8th guide 9 arrow direction 10 cutting edge f pressure force 11 cutting edge 12 Rubber stamp 13 Rubber stamp 14 abutment 15 abutment

Claims (10)

1. Mobile device (1), which can be driven in particular by an electric motor, for separating slate slabs (2), fibre cement slabs or ceramic slabs with an abutment (14) having a bearing surface (17, 18) for the slate slab (2), in which a tool carrier (7) having a cutting edge (10, 11) is cyclically deflected by means of an eccentric (6), with the result that the cutting edge (10, 11) penetrates, from a side facing away from the abutment (14), into the slate slab (2) and produces a cut edge (20) or fracture edge (19), characterized in that the device (1) is releasably fixable in a stationary or positionally fixed manner while carrying out the separating method, and in that the device (1) is equipped with at least two cutting edges (10, 11) which are arranged in a common plane, wherein at least one cutting edge (10) is arranged above the at least one abutment (14) and at least one further cutting edge (11) is arranged below the at least one abutment (14), with the result that, during the separating process, the slate slab (2) can be selectively placed from above or from below against a respective bearing surface (17, 18) of the at least one abutment (14), and wherein the tool carrier (7) carrying the cutting edges (10, 11) is configured to be reversingly translationally movable during operation by means of the eccentric (6) .
2. Device (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least the cutting edge (11) arranged below the abutment (14) is assigned a movable supporting element (21) for transmitting an, in particular settable, prestressing of the slate slab (2) against the bearing surface (18).
3. Device (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the prestressing force of the movable supporting element (21) is settable.
4. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool carrier (7) is kinematically coupled to at least one punch (12, 13) for incorporating through-openings in the slate slab (2).
5. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool carrier (7) is connected to at least two punches (12, 13), each of which is assigned an abutment (15, 16) in such a way that the slate slab (2) can be placed from above or below, wherein at least one punch (12) is arranged below a first abutment (15) and at least a further punch (13) is arranged above a second abutment (16).
6. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) has a coupling (4) for a portable drilling and/or screwing tool for transmitting a rotational movement (5).
7. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) has an actuating element (22) for transmitting an operating force to a switch or button of the drilling and/or screwing tool.
8. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) is equipped with a stop which can be placed against the slate slab (2), in particular in different angular positions.
9. Device (1) according to Claim 8, characterized in that the stop is translationally movable for feeding the slate slab (2) along a guide.
10. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) has a quick-fixing means for stationary or positionally fixed fixing to objects (3).

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