EP3788294A1 - Sealed and thermally insulating tank provided with a loading/unloading tower - Google Patents

Sealed and thermally insulating tank provided with a loading/unloading tower

Info

Publication number
EP3788294A1
EP3788294A1 EP19733844.5A EP19733844A EP3788294A1 EP 3788294 A1 EP3788294 A1 EP 3788294A1 EP 19733844 A EP19733844 A EP 19733844A EP 3788294 A1 EP3788294 A1 EP 3788294A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
sump
loading
pump
corrugations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19733844.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mickaël HERRY
Pierre Charbonnier
Mohammed OULALITE
Emmanuel HIVERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Original Assignee
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport et Technigaz SA filed Critical Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Priority claimed from PCT/FR2019/050981 external-priority patent/WO2019211551A1/en
Publication of EP3788294A1 publication Critical patent/EP3788294A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/58—Arrangements of pumps
    • B67D7/62—Arrangements of pumps power operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/78—Arrangements of storage tanks, reservoirs or pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/06—Details or accessories
    • B67D7/84—Casings, cabinets or frameworks; Trolleys or like movable supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D9/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships
    • B67D9/02—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships using articulated pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/06—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
    • F04B15/08—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
    • F04B2015/081—Liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F17C2250/0417—Level of content in the vessel with electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/016—Preventing slosh
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of tanks, waterproof and thermally insulating embedded in a ship and equipped with a loading / unloading tower for charging fluid into the tank and / or unload.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas storage
  • the tower of loading / unloading is generally suspended from a ceiling wall of a supporting structure, the supporting structure representing the internal hull of the ship.
  • the vessel also has a support leg which is attached to the carrier structure in an area of a bottom wall of the vessel. The support leg is arranged to provide guidance in vertical translation of the loading / unloading tower.
  • Such a tank comprises in particular a corrugated primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas.
  • the corrugated waterproofing membrane comprises a plurality of corrugations in order to increase its flexibility especially in the case of deformations related to the large variations in temperature.
  • liquefied gas storage tanks are subject to cargo sloshing phenomena, called "sloshing" in the English language. These phenomena are likely to be very violent inside the tank and therefore generate significant efforts in the tank and in particular on its equipment, such as the loading / unloading tower and the fasteners of the pumps.
  • the pumps are then fixed sufficiently close to the loading / unloading tower to avoid amplifying the catch to the sloshing phenomena.
  • the waterproofing membrane is limited in terms of flexibility can thus reduce the fatigue life in this area.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to ensure sufficient flexibility of the waterproofing membrane especially in special areas such as near the support foot or a sump, to prevent the membrane does not undergoes too great efforts for example contraction / thermal expansion.
  • the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for the storage of a fluid, the tank being anchored in a bearing structure the tank having a loading / unloading tower suspended from a ceiling wall of the structure carrier, the vessel having a support leg which is attached to the carrier structure in an area of a bottom wall of the vessel, said support foot being arranged to provide vertical translational guidance of the loading / unloading tower, the tank having at least one sump formed in the bottom wall of the tank, the bottom wall of the tank comprising a corrugated waterproofing membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid, the corrugated waterproofing membrane comprising at least first corrugations extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other, wherein the sump and the support foot are spaced a distance such that at least three first undulations pass between the sump and the support leg.
  • the sump and the support leg are spaced apart by a distance such that at least four first corrugations pass between the sump and the support leg.
  • the distance between the at least one sump and the support foot is at least close to three waves, that is to say slightly less than or equal to or greater than three waves.
  • a wave pitch being the distance separating two adjacent first corrugations out of the special zones, that is to say in a zone of the tank wall where the membrane is not interrupted by an element of the tank such that the sump or support foot.
  • Such a wave pitch may have a value between 250 mm and 500 mm.
  • two adjacent corrugations may be spaced apart by a wave pitch or a singular wave pitch different from the wave pitch.
  • the waterproofing membrane has sufficient flexibility between the sump and the support foot thanks to the presence of at least four corrugations.
  • the waterproofing membrane is sealed to the sump and also sealingly attached to the support foot.
  • the invention thus advantageously makes it possible to provide enough corrugations between two points of attachment of the sealing membrane.
  • the waterproofing membrane is sealingly attached, that is to say with the aid of continuous weld seams, to the sump in order to maintain the sealing of the bottom wall.
  • the waterproofing membrane is sealingly attached to the support foot in order to maintain the seal of the bottom wall.
  • the sealing membrane comprises second corrugations extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the at least one or the sump and the support foot being placed between the guidelines of two seconds. undulations and more particularly centered between them.
  • the support structure is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction corresponding to the length of the ship and a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The first direction can thus correspond to the longitudinal direction of the ship or the transverse direction.
  • the sump interrupts at least one, preferably two first undulations and at least one, preferably two second undulations.
  • the support foot interrupts two first undulations and two second undulations.
  • the first corrugations are rectilinear parallel equidistant extending in the first direction and the second corrugations are rectilinear parallel equidistant extending according to the second direction, the distance between two adjacent first corrugations and the distance between two adjacent second corrugations being equal to the wave pitch.
  • a first corrugation adjacent to one of the first corrugations interrupted by the sump has a singular portion which is offset at a distance from the at least one sump.
  • the singular portion passes between the at least one sump and the support leg.
  • the singular portion is shifted from the ripple guideline in the bottom wall area of the tank remote from the loading / unloading tower so as not to be interrupted by the sump.
  • the undulation that should have been interrupted by the sump thus passes between the sump and the support foot thus increasing the flexibility of the waterproofing membrane in this area by increasing the number of corrugations present between these elements.
  • the supporting structure is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction and the first undulations are longitudinal corrugations extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the first corrugations are transverse corrugations extending in a transverse direction of the ship perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the support structure is integrated in a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the second undulations are transverse corrugations extending in the transverse direction of the ship.
  • the second undulations are longitudinal corrugations extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the loading / unloading tower comprises a base which extends horizontally and supports at least a first pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member, the suction member of the first pump being housed in the sump, the first pump being aligned with the support foot in a first transverse plane which is orthogonal to the first direction or the second direction.
  • the loading / unloading tower comprising first, second and third vertical poles defining a triangular section prism and each having a lower end, the base being fixed to the lower end of the first, second and third masts, the first pump being disposed outside the triangular prism and the support leg extending in the extension of the triangular section prism.
  • the first mast and the second mast are aligned in a second transverse plane which is orthogonal to the first direction.
  • the loading / unloading tower supports a second pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member, the second pump being disposed outside the triangular prism and being aligned with the first one. pump and support foot in the first transverse plane.
  • the tank comprises a second sump formed in the bottom wall of the tank and in which is housed the suction member of the second pump.
  • the base comprises at least a first lateral wing which projects in the second direction beyond the prism triangular section and on which is fixed the first pump.
  • the base comprises a second lateral wing which projects in the second direction beyond the prism triangular section and on which is fixed the second pump.
  • Another idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, embarked on a ship and equipped with a loading / unloading tower whose size is limited and whose holding mechanical sloshing phenomena is improved.
  • the invention provides a vessel, sealed and thermally insulating, for storing a fluid anchored in a load-bearing structure which is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction, the vessel comprising a loading tower / unloading suspended from a ceiling wall of the load-bearing structure, the loading / unloading tower comprising first, second and third vertical masts defining a prism with a triangular section and each having a lower end, the loading / unloading tower further comprising a base that extends horizontally and is attached to the lower end of the first, second and third masts; the loading / unloading tower supporting at least a first pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member; the tank having a support leg which is fixed to the supporting structure in an area of a bottom wall of the vessel which extends in the extension of the triangular section prism, said support leg being arranged to provide a guide in vertical translation of the loading / unloading tower; the tank having a longitudinal direction, the
  • the first pump and the support foot being aligned transversely, that is to say in the preferred direction of the sloshing phenomena, torsion or bending forces likely to be exerted, because of sloshing phenomena, on the loading / unloading tower and, therefore, on the multilayer structure of the ceiling wall and / or the bottom wall in the areas adjacent to said loading / unloading tower, are reduced.
  • the size of the mast of the loading / unloading tower can be limited while allowing the first pump to present a body of suction in a sump, which also has the effect of further limiting the constraints that may apply to the loading / unloading tower due to sloshing phenomena.
  • Such an arrangement of the pump and the loading / unloading tower is compact and particularly resistant to sloshing phenomena.
  • such a tank may have one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the first sump is centered or substantially centered with respect to the axis of the first pump.
  • the loading / unloading tower supports a second pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member, the second pump being disposed outside the triangular prism and being aligned with the first one. pump and support foot in the first transverse plane (P2).
  • the tank comprises a second sump formed in the bottom wall of the tank and in which is housed the suction member of the second pump.
  • the second sump is centered with respect to the axis of the second pump.
  • the first sump is spaced apart from the support foot by a distance greater than or equal to 1 m.
  • the second sump is spaced apart from the support foot by a distance greater than or equal to 1 m.
  • the first and second masts are aligned in a second transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the third mast extends in a longitudinal plane which is equidistant from the first and second mast.
  • the third mast has a diameter greater than the diameter of the first and second masts.
  • the third mast forms an emergency well allowing the descent of an emergency pump and an unloading line.
  • the loading / unloading tower supports a third pump attached to the base, the third pump being aligned with said first and second masts in the second transverse plane and disposed between said first and second masts. This protects the third pump against sloshing phenomena.
  • the suction member of the third pump is not immersed in a sump. This makes it possible to limit the bulk and in particular makes it possible to position the loading / unloading tower closer to a rear wall of the tank than if a sump were to be formed between the loading / unloading tower and said rear wall.
  • the first pump is connected to a first unloading line that extends vertically along the loading / unloading tower, the first unloading line being aligned with said first and second masts in the second transverse plane. and arranged between the first and second masts. This makes it possible to protect the first unloading line against sloshing phenomena.
  • the second pump is connected to a second unloading line that extends vertically along the loading / unloading tower, the second unloading line being aligned with said first and second masts in the second transverse plane. (P1) and disposed between the first and second masts.
  • the third pump is connected to a third unloading line which extends vertically along the loading / unloading tower, the third unloading line being aligned with said first and second masts in the second transverse plane. and arranged between the first and second masts.
  • the pumps are each connected to one of the discharge lines by means of a connecting device equipped with an expansion compensator.
  • the base comprises at least a first lateral wing which protrudes in the transverse direction beyond the prism triangular section and on which is fixed the first pump.
  • the base comprises a second lateral wing which protrudes in the transverse direction beyond the triangular section prism and on which is fixed the second pump.
  • the base comprises a central stiffening structure, said central stiffening structure comprising two stiffeners, inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ship, one of the stiffeners extending in a straight line between the third mast and the first mast, and preferably the third mast to the first mast, and the other mast extending in a straight line between the second mast and the third mast, and preferably the second mast to the third mast.
  • Stiffeners having such a structure are particularly effective for distributing forces over the entire structure.
  • the central stiffening structure is formed between the first and second lateral wings.
  • the central stiffening structure further comprises a plurality of stiffeners which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship between the two stiffeners inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the first lateral wing comprises a half-box in which is housed the first pump, the half-box comprising a horizontal bottom on which are fixed fastening lugs of said first pump, the bottom having a cut at through which said first pump passes.
  • the second lateral wing comprises a half-box in which is housed the second pump, the half-box comprising a horizontal bottom on which are fixed fastening lugs of said second pump, the bottom having a cut at through which said second pump passes.
  • each half-box further comprises two vertical walls of transverse orientation and a vertical wall of longitudinal orientation, the horizontal bottom being connected to the vertical walls of transverse orientation and the vertical wall of orientation. longitudinal.
  • the first lateral wing and / or the second lateral wing comprise stiffeners which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the first, the second and the third masts are fixed to one another by crosspieces.
  • the loading / unloading tower is equipped with a radar device for measuring the level of liquefied gas in the tank, the radar device comprising a transmitter and a waveguide which extends over substantially all the height of the tank, the waveguide being fixed by means of support members to sleepers which connect the third mast to the first or second mast, the support members extending in a third transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the support members extend in the preferred direction of the sloshing phenomena so as to work mainly in tension / compression and not bending under the effect of sloshing phenomena, which improves their mechanical strength.
  • the first and / or second pumps are arranged entirely outside the triangular section prism.
  • the support foot, the first sump and optionally the second sump are placed between the guidelines of two transverse corrugations, and more particularly centered between them.
  • the invention also provides a vessel, sealed and thermally insulating, for storing a fluid anchored in a load-bearing structure which is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction, the vessel comprising a loading tower / unloading suspended from a ceiling wall of the load-bearing structure, the loading / unloading tower comprising first, second and third vertical masts each having a lower end, the loading / unloading tower further comprising a base which extends horizontally and is attached to the lower end of the first, second and third masts; the loading / unloading tower supporting at least a first pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member; the base comprising a central stiffening structure, said central stiffening structure comprising two stiffeners, inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ship, one of the stiffeners extending in a straight line, from the third mast to the first mast and the another stiffener extending in a straight line from the second mast to the third mast.
  • a central stiffening structure having such stiffeners is particularly effective for distributing forces over the entire structure.
  • such a tank may have one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the first, second and third vertical poles define a triangular section prism.
  • the tank has a support leg which is fixed to the supporting structure in an area of a bottom wall of the tank which extends in the extension of the triangular section prism, said support leg being arranged to provide guidance in vertical translation of the loading / unloading tower.
  • the first pump disposed outside the triangular prism.
  • the loading / unloading tower comprises a second pump disposed outside the triangular prism.
  • the first pump and the second pump are aligned in a first transverse plane (P2) which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
  • the base comprises at least a first lateral wing which protrudes in the transverse direction beyond the triangular section prism and on which is fixed a first pump.
  • the base comprises a second lateral wing which protrudes in the transverse direction beyond the triangular section prism and on which is fixed the second pump.
  • the central stiffening structure is formed between the first and second lateral wings.
  • the central stiffening structure further comprises a plurality of stiffeners which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship between the two stiffeners inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the first lateral wing comprises a half-box in which is housed the first pump, the half-box comprising a horizontal bottom on which is fixed fixing lugs of said first pump, the bottom having a cut at through which said first pump passes.
  • the second lateral wing comprises a half-box in which is housed the second pump, the half-box comprising a horizontal bottom on which is fixed fastening lugs of said second pump, the bottom having a cutout through which said second pump passes.
  • each half-box further comprises two vertical walls of transverse orientation and a vertical wall of longitudinal orientation, the horizontal bottom being connected to the vertical walls of transverse orientation and the vertical wall of orientation. longitudinal.
  • the first lateral wing and / or the second lateral wing comprise stiffeners which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the first and second masts are aligned in a second transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the third mast extends in a longitudinal plane which is equidistant from the first and second mast.
  • the invention also provides a vessel comprising a support structure and one of the aforementioned tanks anchored in said support structure.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cutaway view of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid equipped with a loading / unloading tower.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a loading / unloading tower.
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed perspective view of the upper part of the loading / unloading tower of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a view from above of the lower part of the loading / unloading tower of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the base of the loading / unloading tower supporting three pumps.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the base of the loading / unloading tower supporting three pumps.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a sump.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a support leg intended to provide vertical translational guidance of the loading / unloading tower
  • FIG. 9 is a detailed view from below of the unloading tower illustrating the guide of the loading / unloading tower on the support foot.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of the bottom wall to the right of the loading / unloading tower according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a view from above of the bottom wall to the right of the loading / unloading tower according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 12 is a view from above of the bottom wall to the right of the loading / unloading tower according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cutaway representation of a tank of LNG tanker and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank. Detailed description of embodiments
  • an orthonormal frame defined by two x and y axes is used to describe the elements of the tank.
  • the x axis corresponds to a longitudinal direction of the ship and the y axis has a transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • a sealed and thermally insulating liquefied gas storage vessel 1 which is equipped with a loading / unloading tower 2, in particular enabling the liquefied gas to be loaded into the vessel 1 and / or unload it.
  • the liquefied gas may in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gaseous mixture comprising predominantly methane and one or more other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, n-butane , i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, neopentane, and nitrogen in a small proportion.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the tank 1 is anchored in a carrier structure 3 embedded in a ship.
  • the carrier structure 3 is for example formed by the double hull of a ship but may more generally be formed of any type of rigid partition having appropriate mechanical properties.
  • the tank 1 may be for the transport of liquefied gas or for receiving liquefied gas as a fuel for the propulsion of the ship.
  • the vessel 1 is a membrane vessel.
  • each wall has successively, from the outside towards the inside, in the direction of thickness of the wall, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 4 comprising insulating elements resting against the supporting structure 3, a membrane of secondary seal 5 anchored to the insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 4, a primary thermally insulating barrier 6 comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary sealing membrane 5 and a primary sealing membrane 7 anchored to the insulating elements of the barrier thermally insulating primary 5 and intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the vessel 1.
  • each wall may in particular be of the Mark III type, as described for example in FR2691520, of the N096 type as described for example in FR2877638, or of the Mark V type as described for example in WO14057221.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 is installed in the vicinity of the rear wall 8 of the tank 1, which makes it possible to optimize the quantity of cargo that can be unloaded by the loading / unloading tower 2 to the extent that the ships are generally tilted backwards by using the ballasts in a particular way, in particular in order to limit the vibrations.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 is suspended from an upper wall 9 of the supporting structure 3.
  • the upper wall 9 of the supporting structure 3 comprises, close to the rear wall 8, a space of rectangular parallelepipedal shape not shown, projecting upwards, called liquid dome.
  • the liquid dome is defined by two transverse walls, front and rear, and two side walls which extend vertically and project from the top wall 9 upwards.
  • the liquid dome further comprises a horizontal cover 10, shown in Figures 2 and 3, to which the loading / unloading tower 2 is suspended.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 extends over substantially the entire height of the vessel 1.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 comprises a tripod structure, that is to say that it comprises three masts 1 1, 12, 13, vertical, which are each fixed to each other by crosspieces 14.
  • Each of the masts 1 1, 12, 13 is hollow and passes through the lid 10 of the liquid dome.
  • the three masts January 1, 12, 13 define with the cross 14 a triangular section prism.
  • the three masts 1 1, 12, 13 are arranged equidistant from each other so that the section of the prism is an equilateral triangle.
  • the three masts 1 1, 12, 13 are arranged such that at least one of the faces of the prism extends in a transverse plane P1 which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction x of the ship.
  • two of the masts January 1, 12 are aligned in the transverse plane P1.
  • the two masts 1 1, 12 which are aligned in the transverse plane P1 are the two rear masts, that is to say the closest to the rear wall 8 of the vessel 1.
  • the mast 13 before has a larger diameter than the two masts 1 1, 12 rear.
  • the mast 13 before forms an emergency well allowing the descent of a backup pump and an unloading line in case of failure of the other unloading pumps.
  • the two masts January 1, 12 form sheaths for the passage of electrical power supply cables including ensuring the supply of unloading pumps supported by the loading / unloading tower 2.
  • the installation comprises three unloading ducts 15, 16, 17, shown in FIG. 2, each of which is connected to an unloading pump 18, 19, 20.
  • the three unloading ducts 15, 16, 17 are arranged in the transverse plane P1.
  • the three unloading ducts 15, 16, 17 are more particularly placed between the two masts 1 1, 12.
  • the two masts January 1, 12 are each connected to an unloading pump and form an unloading line.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 is then equipped with ducts for the passage of electrical supply cables which are arranged in the transverse plane P1, and are placed between the two masts 11, 12.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 is also equipped with two loading lines 21, 22 which are fixed to the front mast.
  • One of the two loading lines 21, only shown in Figure 2 extends only in the upper portion of the vessel 1 while the other loading line 22 extends substantially over the entire height of the vessel 1 to the vicinity of the bottom wall 23 of the vessel 1.
  • the loading line 22 which extends substantially over the entire height of the vessel 1 is aligned with the mast 13 in a transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction x of the ship. this allows to limit the stresses due to the sloshing phenomena exerted on this loading line 22.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 is equipped with a radar device 24, visible in FIGS. 3 and 4, making it possible to measure the level of liquefied gas in the tank 1.
  • the radar device 24 comprises an emitter, not shown, and a waveguide 25, which is supported by the loading / unloading tower 2.
  • the waveguide 25 extends over substantially the entire height of the vessel 1.
  • the waveguide 25 is fixed to crosspieces 14 which connect the mast 13 before one of the rear masts 11, 12 by means of support members 26 which are regularly spaced along the waveguide 25.
  • the Support members 26, one of which is shown in Figures 3 and 4, extend in a transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction x of the ship, which improves their mechanical strength.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 is also equipped with a base 27, in particular represented in FIGS. 4 to 6, which is fixed to the lower end of the three masts 1 1, 12, 13 and which supports three unloading pumps 18 , 19, 20, namely a central pump 19 and two side pumps 18, 20.
  • the presence of three unloading pumps 18, 19, 20 provides redundancy which in particular reduces the risk of breakdowns requiring the intervention of a maintenance operator in the tank 1.
  • the maximum flow rate of the three unloading pumps is less than 40 m 3 / h, and advantageously between 10 and 20 m 3 / h, which makes it possible to limit the bulk of said pumps and consequently their catch to the phenomena of sloshing.
  • the unloading pumps 18, 19, 20 are each connected to one of the unloading lines 15, 16, 17 described above. As shown in FIG. 4, the unloading pumps 18, 19, 20 are each connected to one of the unloading lines 15, 16, 17 by means of connection devices 28 provided with an expansion compensator 29 enabling absorb the deformations, in particular during the cold setting of the tank 1 and / or the cold setting of the unloading lines.
  • the central pump 19 is disposed, in the transverse plane P1, between the masts 1 1, 12, which protects it against sloshing phenomena.
  • the two side pumps 18, 20 are themselves aligned with each other in a transverse plane P2, which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction x of the ship.
  • the side pumps 18, 20 are arranged outside the triangular prism defined by the three masts 11, 12, 13. This allows to have a sufficient distance between the side pumps 18, 20 so that their suction member can be housed in sumps 30, described below, without further increasing the dimensions of the loading tower / unloading 2. Indeed, to ensure acceptable mechanical strength of the walls of the vessel 1, it is necessary to ensure a minimum distance between the equipment interrupting the multilayer structure of the walls, such as the catch basins 30 or the support leg 31 of the loading / unloading tower 2.
  • the distance in the transverse direction y between the two side pumps 18, 20 is greater than 2m, for example of the order of 4 to 5 meters.
  • the minimum distance between a sump 30 and the support foot 31 is greater than 1 meter.
  • the distance between a sump 30 and the support foot 31 is greater than three wave steps extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the sumps 30 are intended to maintain the suction members of the side pumps 18, 20, immersed in a certain quantity of liquefied gas, despite the phenomena of sloshing of said liquefied gas, so as to avoid defusing and / or degrading said side pumps.
  • the sump 30 receives the suction member of one of the side pumps 18, 20.
  • the sump 30 comprises a primary cylindrical bowl 32 which provides a first container in communication with the interior of the tank 1 and a secondary cylindrical bowl 33 which provides a second container surrounding the lower portion of the primary cylindrical bowl 32.
  • the bowl cylindrical primary 32 is connected continuously to the primary membrane 7 so it completes tightly.
  • the secondary cylindrical bowl 33 is continuously connected to the secondary membrane 5 and thus completes tightly.
  • the sump 30 is centered with respect to the axis of the pump 18, 20 which it receives.
  • the supporting structure 3 of the bottom wall 23 has a circular opening through which the sump 30 is engaged and which allows the sump 30 to exceed outside of the plane of the supporting structure 3 of the bottom wall 23.
  • a hollow cylindrical bowl is fixed to the supporting structure 3 around the opening and protrudes towards the outside of the supporting structure 3 in order to forming an extension structure that provides additional space for housing the sump 30.
  • the central pump 19 can not be used and it is the side pumps 18, 20 which are used exclusively for discharging the liquefied gas.
  • Such an arrangement is advantageous in particular in that it allows the positioning of the central pump 19 between the two masts 11, 12 and in that it makes it possible to position the loading / unloading tower 2 closer to the rear wall 8 than if a sump 30 was to be formed between the loading / unloading tower and the rear wall 8 of the vessel 1.
  • the base 27 comprises rings 34, 35, 36 through which the lower ends of the three masts 1 1, 12, 13 pass.
  • the rings 34, 35, 36 are welded to the masts 11, 12, 13 so as to fix said base 27 at the lower end of the three masts 1 1, 12, 13.
  • the base 27 comprises a central stiffening structure 27 for increasing the stiffness of the base 27 and thus increase the resistance of the loading / unloading tower 2 to the sloshing phenomena.
  • the central stiffening structure 37 comprises two stiffeners 38, 39, inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction x of the ship, which each extend in a straight line, between the central axis of one of the masts 1 1, 12 and the central axis of the mast 13. Note that such An arrangement offering a substantial stiffness is allowed in particular by the positioning of the side pumps 18, 20 outside the triangular section prism defined by the three masts 1 1, 12, 13.
  • the central stiffening structure 37 comprises several stiffeners 40, 41, 42, 43 which extend transversely and join the two inclined stiffeners 39, 39.
  • the central stiffening structure 37 further comprises stiffeners 44 which extend in the longitudinal direction between the transversely extending stiffeners 40, 41, 42, 43.
  • the base 27 comprises a flat sheet and the stiffeners 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 are metal beams which are welded to the flat sheet.
  • the base 27 further comprises two lateral wings 45, 46 which project in the transverse direction y beyond the triangular section prism defined by the three masts 1 1, 12, 13.
  • the lateral wings 45, 46 ensure the fixation of the side pumps 18, 20 at the base 27, and this outside the triangular prism defined by the three masts 1 1, 12, 13.
  • the lateral pumps 18, 20 are more particularly housed in half-boxes 47, 48 open towards the outside of the loading / unloading tower 2.
  • the half-boxes 47, 48 project relative to each other. the rest of the base 27 towards the bottom wall 23 of the tank 1, which allows the side pumps 18, 20 to be lowered sufficiently for their suction member to be housed in a sump 30.
  • Each half-box 47 , 48 is formed by a bottom 49, horizontal, which is connected to two vertical walls 50, 51 of transverse orientation and a vertical wall 52 of longitudinal orientation.
  • the bottom 49 has a cutout through which is placed the body of one of the side pumps 18, 20.
  • the side pumps 18, 20 are each equipped with fixing lugs ensuring their attachment to the bottom 49, around the cutout .
  • the lateral wings 45, 46 are also equipped with stiffeners, for example formed of vertical plates, which extend in the transverse direction and stiffeners, for example also formed of vertical plates, which extend from the half-boxes 47, 48 to one of the masts 1 1, 12, 13.
  • the base 27 also comprises a central wing 53 which is positioned between the two masts 1 1, 12.
  • the central wing 53 has a cutout through which is placed the body of the central pump 19.
  • the central pump 19 has legs fastening ensuring its attachment to the central flange 53 around the cut.
  • the loading / unloading tower 2 comprises a guiding device which is fixed against the lower face of the base 27 and which cooperates with a support leg 31 which is fixed to the wall 3.
  • a guiding device aims to allow the relative movements of the loading / unloading tower 2 relative to the support foot 31 in the height direction of the vessel 1 to allow the tower to loading / unloading 2 to contract or expand according to the temperatures to which it is subjected while preventing the horizontal movements of the base 27 of the loading / unloading tower 2.
  • the support leg 31 has a circular-section revolution shape, with a frustoconical lower portion 54 which connects at its smaller-diameter end to a cylindrical upper portion 55. larger diameter of the frustoconical portion is in abutment against the bottom wall of the supporting structure 3.
  • the frustoconical lower portion 54 extends through the thickness of the bottom wall 23 of the vessel 1 beyond the level of the primary sealing membrane 7.
  • the cylindrical upper portion 55 is sealed by a circular plate
  • the primary 7 and secondary 5 waterproofing membranes are sealingly connected to the frustoconical lower part 54.
  • Each of the two guide elements 57, 58 is equipped with two longitudinal faces and one face transverse, each of the longitudinal and transverse faces being in contact with a guide element 59 fixed on the base 27 of the loading / unloading tower 2.
  • the support foot 31 is aligned with the lateral pumps 18, 20 in the plane P2 and is more particularly centered between the two side pumps 18, 20.
  • Such an arrangement is advantageous in that it makes it possible to limit the forces due to the sloshing phenomenon acting on the side pumps 18, 20 and on the support leg 31.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane 7 is a corrugated membrane, as shown in FIG. 10, in which the corrugations extend along the transverse and longitudinal directions of the vessel, such an arrangement makes it possible to limit the number of interrupted waveforms and thus to limit the loss of elasticity of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 resulting from such interruptions.
  • the sumps 30 and the support foot 31 are placed between the guidelines of two transverse corrugations and more particularly centered between them. This makes it possible to interrupt the ripples for as short a distance as possible, since these interruptions are capable of locally reducing the flexibility of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 and thus of locally promoting its fatigue and wear.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane 7 comprises longitudinal corrugations 60 extending in the longitudinal direction x of the ship and transverse corrugations 61 extending in the transverse direction y of the ship.
  • the longitudinal corrugations 60 are rectilinear parallel equidistant in the longitudinal direction and the transverse corrugations 61 are rectilinear parallel equidistant in the transverse direction.
  • the distance between two adjacent longitudinal corrugations 60 or between two adjacent transverse corrugations 61 is called a wave pitch.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane 7 is made flexible by virtue of these corrugations 60, 61 enabling it to deform as a function, for example, of the thermal stresses applied to the membrane 7.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane 7 is sealingly welded, that is to say with the aid of continuous weld seams, the sumps 30 and the support foot 31 in order to maintain the tightness of the bottom wall 23. It thus seems advantageous to ensure in this zone between two points fixed from the bottom wall 23 increased flexibility of the waterproofing membrane primary 7 to increase the fatigue life of the primary waterproofing membrane 7.
  • the pumps 18, 20 whose suction members are in the sumps 30 are fixed to the loading / unloading tower 2 by means of lateral wings 45, 46.
  • the pumps 18, 20 are away from the support foot 31, plus the dimension of the lateral wings 45, 45 increases, thereby increasing the catching phenomenon of said lateral wings.
  • An advantage has therefore been to find a compromise between the flexibility of the sealing membrane 7 and the positioning distance of the pumps 18, 20 with respect to the support foot 31.
  • the sumps 30 are spaced from the support foot 31 by a distance such that four longitudinal corrugations 60 pass between the sump 30 and the support foot 31 which corresponds to a distance greater than or equal to three wave steps.
  • the sumps 30 and the support foot 31 form, by their arrangement on the bottom wall 23, interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 and interrupted transversal corrugations 63. Indeed, two longitudinal corrugations are interrupted by each sump 30 and by the support leg. 31 while two transverse corrugations are interrupted several times by the sumps 30 and the support foot 31 in view of their alignment in the transverse direction y.
  • FIG. 11 presents a second embodiment of the bottom wall of the tank and in particular of the primary waterproofing membrane 7.
  • This second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment of FIG. 10 and differs from the first embodiment. by the number of longitudinal corrugations 60 passing between the sump 30 and the support leg 31.
  • three longitudinal corrugations 60 pass between the sump 30 and the support leg 31, the sump 30 and the support leg 31 being spaced apart from each other. the other of a distance greater than two waves, for example close to three waves.
  • the longitudinal corrugations 60 adjacent interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 are not deviated here. Indeed, as illustrated in FIG. 11, the longitudinal corrugations 60 adjacent to interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 are interrupted at a distance from the sump 30 in the longitudinal direction and closed at their end by a cap 65.
  • FIG. 12 shows a third embodiment of the bottom wall of the tank and in particular of the primary waterproofing membrane 7.
  • This third embodiment is similar to the first embodiment and differs from the first embodiment in the number of of longitudinal corrugations 60 passing between the sump 30 and the support foot 31 and also by the distance between the sump 30 and the support foot 31 which is in the third embodiment of only two wave steps, for example close three waves.
  • the longitudinal corrugations 60 adjacent to interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 are well deviated. However, in view of the near three-wave distance between the sump 30 and the support leg 31, only three longitudinal corrugations 60 thus pass between the sump 30 and the support leg 31.
  • a broken view of a ship 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary waterproofing membrane and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers respectively arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the secondary sealing membrane and between the secondary sealing membrane and the double shell 72.
  • loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of connectors, at a marine or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG to or from the tank 71.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and / or unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
  • the loading and / or unloading station 75 is a fixed installation shore comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 is adaptable to all ship templates.
  • a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the ship 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
  • the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which keeps the ship 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, said tank being held in a load-bearing structure, the tank comprising a loading/unloading tower mounted to a ceiling wall of the load-bearing structure and the tank having a support leg (31) which is secured to the load-bearing structure in an area of a bottom wall (23) of the tank, the support leg (31) being designed to ensure the guidance of a vertical movement of the loading/unloading tower; the tank has at least one sump (30) provided in the bottom wall (23) of the tank, the bottom wall of the tank having a corrugated sealing membrane (7) intended for contact with the fluid, the corrugated sealing membrane (7) having at least first spaced-apart corrugations (60) extending in a first direction (x), and the sump (30) and the support leg (31) being spaced-apart by a distance which is such that there is room for at least three first corrugations (60) between the sump (30) and the support leg(31).

Description

Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante équipée d’une tour de chargement/déchargement  Waterproof and thermally insulating tank equipped with a loading / unloading tower
Domaine technique  Technical area
L’invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves, étanches et thermiquement isolantes embarquées dans un navire et équipées d’une tour de chargement/déchargement permettant de charger du fluide dans la cuve et/ou de le décharger.  The invention relates to the field of tanks, waterproof and thermally insulating embedded in a ship and equipped with a loading / unloading tower for charging fluid into the tank and / or unload.
Arrière-plan technologique  Technological background
Dans l’état de la technique, il est connu des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes de stockage de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) embarquées dans un navire et équipées d’une tour de chargement/déchargement par exemple le document KR201601 19343. La tour de chargement/déchargement est de manière générale suspendue à une paroi de plafond d’une structure porteuse, la structure porteuse représentant la coque interne du navire. La cuve présente également un pied de support qui est fixé à la structure porteuse dans une zone d’une paroi de fond de la cuve. Le pied de support est agencé pour assurer un guidage en translation verticale de la tour de chargement/déchargement.  In the state of the art, it is known sealed and thermally insulating tanks liquefied natural gas storage (LNG) on board a ship and equipped with a loading / unloading tower for example document KR201601 19343. The tower of loading / unloading is generally suspended from a ceiling wall of a supporting structure, the supporting structure representing the internal hull of the ship. The vessel also has a support leg which is attached to the carrier structure in an area of a bottom wall of the vessel. The support leg is arranged to provide guidance in vertical translation of the loading / unloading tower.
Une telle cuve comporte notamment une membrane d’étanchéité primaire ondulée destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié. La membrane d’étanchéité ondulée comprend une pluralité d’ondulations afin d’augmenter sa flexibilité lors notamment de déformations liées aux fortes variations de température.  Such a tank comprises in particular a corrugated primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas. The corrugated waterproofing membrane comprises a plurality of corrugations in order to increase its flexibility especially in the case of deformations related to the large variations in temperature.
Afin de maximiser le rendement d’exploitation d’une telle cuve, il est souhaitable d’optimiser le volume utile de cargaison qu’il est possible de charger dans la cuve et de décharger depuis la cuve. L’utilisation d’une pompe de déchargement aspirant le liquide vers le haut de la cuve oblige à conserver une certaine hauteur de liquide en fond de cuve, faute de quoi l’organe d’aspiration de la pompe entre en communication avec la phase gazeuse, ce qui désamorce et/ou dégrade la pompe. C’est pourquoi il est connu de réaliser un puisard sur la paroi de fond d’une telle cuve interrompant localement la membrane d’étanchéité de manière à ce que le liquide dans le puisard soit au niveau le plus bas de la cuve. La pompe dont l’organe d’aspiration est situé dans le puisard est fixée à la tour de chargement/déchargement. Le pied de support et le puisard interrompent localement la membrane d’étanchéité et sont fixés à celle-ci formant ainsi une zone où la membrane d’étanchéité est fixée à deux points fixes rapprochés. In order to maximize the operating efficiency of such a tank, it is desirable to optimize the useful volume of cargo that can be loaded into the tank and to discharge from the tank. The use of an unloading pump drawing the liquid to the top of the tank requires a certain height of liquid to be kept at the bottom of the tank, otherwise the suction member of the pump enters into communication with the gaseous phase. which defuses and / or degrades the pump. This is why it is known to make a sump on the bottom wall of such a tank locally interrupting the sealing membrane so that the liquid in the sump is at the lowest level of the tank. The pump with the suction device in the sump is attached to the loading / unloading tower. The support foot and the sump locally interrupt the waterproofing membrane and are attached thereto thereby forming an area where the waterproofing membrane is fixed at two closely spaced points.
En mer, sous l’action de la houle, les cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié sont sujettes à des phénomènes de ballottement de la cargaison, appelés « sloshing » en langue anglaise. Ces phénomènes sont susceptibles d’être très violents à l’intérieur de la cuve et par conséquent de générer des efforts importants dans la cuve et notamment sur ses équipements, tels que la tour de chargement/déchargement et les éléments de fixation des pompes. Les pompes sont alors fixées suffisamment proche de la tour de chargement/déchargement pour éviter d’amplifier la prise aux phénomènes de ballottement.  At sea, under the action of the swell, liquefied gas storage tanks are subject to cargo sloshing phenomena, called "sloshing" in the English language. These phenomena are likely to be very violent inside the tank and therefore generate significant efforts in the tank and in particular on its equipment, such as the loading / unloading tower and the fasteners of the pumps. The pumps are then fixed sufficiently close to the loading / unloading tower to avoid amplifying the catch to the sloshing phenomena.
Toutefois et notamment dans la zone située entre le puisard et le pied de support, la membrane d’étanchéité est limitée en terme de flexibilité pouvant ainsi réduire la durée de vie en fatigue dans cette zone.  However, and especially in the area between the sump and the support foot, the waterproofing membrane is limited in terms of flexibility can thus reduce the fatigue life in this area.
Résumé  summary
Une idée à la base de l’invention est d’assurer une flexibilité de la membrane d’étanchéité suffisante notamment dans des zones spéciales telles qu’à proximité du pied de support ou d’un puisard, afin d’éviter que la membrane ne subisse des efforts trop importants lors par exemple de la contraction/dilatation thermique.  An idea underlying the invention is to ensure sufficient flexibility of the waterproofing membrane especially in special areas such as near the support foot or a sump, to prevent the membrane does not undergoes too great efforts for example contraction / thermal expansion.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante pour le stockage d’un fluide, la cuve étant ancrée dans une structure porteuse la cuve comportant une tour de chargement/déchargement suspendue à une paroi de plafond de la structure porteuse, la cuve présentant un pied de support qui est fixé à la structure porteuse dans une zone d’une paroi de fond de la cuve, ledit pied de support étant agencé pour assurer un guidage en translation verticale de la tour de chargement/déchargement, la cuve présentant au moins un puisard ménagé dans la paroi de fond de la cuve, la paroi de fond de la cuve comprenant une membrane d’étanchéité ondulée destinée à être en contact avec le fluide, la membrane d’étanchéité ondulée comportant au moins des premières ondulations s’étendant dans une première direction et espacées les unes des autres, dans laquelle le puisard et le pied de support sont espacés d’une distance telle qu’au moins trois premières ondulations passent entre le puisard et le pied de support. According to one embodiment, the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for the storage of a fluid, the tank being anchored in a bearing structure the tank having a loading / unloading tower suspended from a ceiling wall of the structure carrier, the vessel having a support leg which is attached to the carrier structure in an area of a bottom wall of the vessel, said support foot being arranged to provide vertical translational guidance of the loading / unloading tower, the tank having at least one sump formed in the bottom wall of the tank, the bottom wall of the tank comprising a corrugated waterproofing membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid, the corrugated waterproofing membrane comprising at least first corrugations extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other, wherein the sump and the support foot are spaced a distance such that at least three first undulations pass between the sump and the support leg.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le puisard et le pied de support sont espacés d’une distance telle qu’au moins quatre premières ondulations passent entre le puisard et le pied de support.  In one embodiment, the sump and the support leg are spaced apart by a distance such that at least four first corrugations pass between the sump and the support leg.
En d’autres termes, la distance entre l’au moins un puisard et le pied de support est à minima proche de trois pas d’ondes, c’est-à-dire légèrement inférieure ou égale ou supérieure à trois pas d’ondes, un pas d’onde étant la distance séparant deux premières ondulations adjacentes hors des zones spéciales, c’est-à-dire dans une zone de la paroi de cuve où la membrane n’est pas interrompue par un élément de la cuve tel que le puisard ou le pied de support. Un tel pas d’onde peut avoir une valeur comprise entre 250 mm et 500 mm. Dans les zones spéciales, deux ondulations adjacentes peuvent être espacées d’un pas d’onde ou d’un pas d’onde singulier différent du pas d’onde.  In other words, the distance between the at least one sump and the support foot is at least close to three waves, that is to say slightly less than or equal to or greater than three waves. , a wave pitch being the distance separating two adjacent first corrugations out of the special zones, that is to say in a zone of the tank wall where the membrane is not interrupted by an element of the tank such that the sump or support foot. Such a wave pitch may have a value between 250 mm and 500 mm. In the special areas, two adjacent corrugations may be spaced apart by a wave pitch or a singular wave pitch different from the wave pitch.
Ainsi, la membrane d’étanchéité présente une flexibilité suffisante entre le puisard et le pied de support grâce à la présence d’au moins quatre ondulations. En effet, la membrane d’étanchéité est fixée de manière étanche au puisard et également fixée de manière étanche au pied de support. L’invention permet ainsi de manière avantageuse de prévoir suffisamment d’ondulations entre deux points de fixation de la membrane d’étanchéité.  Thus, the waterproofing membrane has sufficient flexibility between the sump and the support foot thanks to the presence of at least four corrugations. Indeed, the waterproofing membrane is sealed to the sump and also sealingly attached to the support foot. The invention thus advantageously makes it possible to provide enough corrugations between two points of attachment of the sealing membrane.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d’étanchéité est fixée de manière étanche, c’est-à-dire à l’aide de cordons de soudure continues, au puisard afin de conserver l’étanchéité de la paroi de fond.  According to one embodiment, the waterproofing membrane is sealingly attached, that is to say with the aid of continuous weld seams, to the sump in order to maintain the sealing of the bottom wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d’étanchéité est fixée de manière étanche au pied de support afin de conserver l’étanchéité de la paroi de fond.  According to one embodiment, the waterproofing membrane is sealingly attached to the support foot in order to maintain the seal of the bottom wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane d’étanchéité comporte des deuxièmes ondulations s’étendant selon une deuxième direction perpendiculaire à la première direction, l’au moins un ou le puisard et le pied de support étant placés entre les lignes directrices de deux deuxièmes ondulations et plus particulièrement centrée entre celles-ci. Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure porteuse est intégrée dans un navire, le navire présentant une direction longitudinale correspondant la longueur du navire et une direction transversale perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale. La première direction peut ainsi correspondre à la direction longitudinale du navire ou à la direction transversale. According to one embodiment, the sealing membrane comprises second corrugations extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the at least one or the sump and the support foot being placed between the guidelines of two seconds. undulations and more particularly centered between them. According to one embodiment, the support structure is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction corresponding to the length of the ship and a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The first direction can thus correspond to the longitudinal direction of the ship or the transverse direction.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le puisard interrompt au moins une, de préférence deux premières ondulations et au moins une, de préférence deux deuxièmes ondulations.  According to one embodiment, the sump interrupts at least one, preferably two first undulations and at least one, preferably two second undulations.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le pied de support interrompt deux premières ondulations et deux deuxièmes ondulations.  According to one embodiment, the support foot interrupts two first undulations and two second undulations.
Selon un mode de réalisation, dans une zone de la paroi de fond de la cuve éloignée du pied de support, les premières ondulations sont rectilignes parallèles équidistantes s’étendant selon la première direction et les deuxièmes ondulations sont rectilignes parallèles équidistantes s’étendant selon la deuxième direction, la distance entre deux premières ondulations adjacentes et la distance entre deux deuxièmes ondulations adjacentes étant égales au pas d’onde.  According to one embodiment, in an area of the bottom wall of the tank remote from the support foot, the first corrugations are rectilinear parallel equidistant extending in the first direction and the second corrugations are rectilinear parallel equidistant extending according to the second direction, the distance between two adjacent first corrugations and the distance between two adjacent second corrugations being equal to the wave pitch.
Selon un mode de réalisation, une première ondulation adjacente à l’une des premières ondulations interrompues par le puisard présente une portion singulière qui est décalée à distance du ou de l’au moins un puisard.  According to one embodiment, a first corrugation adjacent to one of the first corrugations interrupted by the sump has a singular portion which is offset at a distance from the at least one sump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion singulière passe entre le ou l’au moins un puisard et le pied de support.  According to one embodiment, the singular portion passes between the at least one sump and the support leg.
Ainsi, la portion singulière est décalée de la ligne directrice de l’ondulation dans la zone de paroi de fond de la cuve éloignée de la tour de chargement/déchargement afin de ne pas être interrompue par le puisard. De cette façon, l’ondulation qui aurait dû être interrompue par le puisard passe ainsi entre le puisard et le pied de support augmentant ainsi la flexibilité de la membrane d’étanchéité dans cette zone en augmentant le nombre d’ondulations présentes entre ces éléments.  Thus, the singular portion is shifted from the ripple guideline in the bottom wall area of the tank remote from the loading / unloading tower so as not to be interrupted by the sump. In this way, the undulation that should have been interrupted by the sump thus passes between the sump and the support foot thus increasing the flexibility of the waterproofing membrane in this area by increasing the number of corrugations present between these elements.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure porteuse est intégrée dans un navire, le navire présentant une direction longitudinale et les premières ondulations sont des ondulations longitudinales s’étendant selon la direction longitudinale du navire. According to one embodiment, the supporting structure is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction and the first undulations are longitudinal corrugations extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les premières ondulations sont des ondulations transversales s’étendant dans une direction transversale du navire perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the first corrugations are transverse corrugations extending in a transverse direction of the ship perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure porteuse est intégrée dans un navire, le navire présentant une direction longitudinale et une direction transversale perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale, et les deuxièmes ondulations sont des ondulations transversales s’étendant dans la direction transversale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the support structure is integrated in a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the second undulations are transverse corrugations extending in the transverse direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les deuxièmes ondulations sont des ondulations longitudinales s’étendant dans la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the second undulations are longitudinal corrugations extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tour de chargement/déchargement comprend une base qui s’étend horizontalement et supporte au moins une première pompe, fixée à la base, et équipée d’un organe d’aspiration, l’organe d’aspiration de la première pompe étant logée dans le puisard, la première pompe étant alignée avec le pied de support dans un premier plan transversal qui est orthogonal à la première direction ou à la deuxième direction.  According to one embodiment, the loading / unloading tower comprises a base which extends horizontally and supports at least a first pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member, the suction member of the first pump being housed in the sump, the first pump being aligned with the support foot in a first transverse plane which is orthogonal to the first direction or the second direction.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tour de chargement/déchargement comportant un premier, un deuxième et un troisième mâts, verticaux, définissant un prisme à section triangulaire et présentant chacun une extrémité inférieure, la base étant fixée à l’extrémité inférieure des premier, deuxième et troisième mâts, la première pompe étant disposée à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire et le pied de support s’étendant dans le prolongement du prisme à section triangulaire.  According to one embodiment, the loading / unloading tower comprising first, second and third vertical poles defining a triangular section prism and each having a lower end, the base being fixed to the lower end of the first, second and third masts, the first pump being disposed outside the triangular prism and the support leg extending in the extension of the triangular section prism.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier mât et le deuxième mât sont alignés dans un deuxième plan transversal qui est orthogonal à la première direction.  According to one embodiment, the first mast and the second mast are aligned in a second transverse plane which is orthogonal to the first direction.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tour de chargement/déchargement supporte une deuxième pompe, fixée à la base, et équipée d’un organe d’aspiration, la deuxième pompe étant disposée à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire et étant alignée avec la première pompe et le pied de support dans le premier plan transversal. Selon un mode de réalisation, la cuve comporte un deuxième puisard ménagé dans la paroi de fond de la cuve et dans lequel est logé l’organe d’aspiration de la deuxième pompe. According to one embodiment, the loading / unloading tower supports a second pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member, the second pump being disposed outside the triangular prism and being aligned with the first one. pump and support foot in the first transverse plane. According to one embodiment, the tank comprises a second sump formed in the bottom wall of the tank and in which is housed the suction member of the second pump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la base comporte au moins une première aile latérale qui fait saillie selon la deuxième direction au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire et sur laquelle est fixée la première pompe.  According to one embodiment, the base comprises at least a first lateral wing which projects in the second direction beyond the prism triangular section and on which is fixed the first pump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la base comporte une deuxième aile latérale qui fait saillie selon la deuxième direction au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire et sur laquelle est fixée la deuxième pompe.  According to one embodiment, the base comprises a second lateral wing which projects in the second direction beyond the prism triangular section and on which is fixed the second pump.
Une autre idée à la base de l’invention est de proposer une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un fluide, embarquée dans un navire et équipée d’une tour de chargement/déchargement dont l’encombrement est limité et dont la tenue mécanique aux phénomènes de ballottement est améliorée.  Another idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, embarked on a ship and equipped with a loading / unloading tower whose size is limited and whose holding mechanical sloshing phenomena is improved.
Selon un premier aspect, l’invention fournit une cuve, étanche et thermiquement isolante, de stockage d'un fluide ancrée dans une structure porteuse qui est intégrée dans un navire, le navire présentant une direction longitudinale, la cuve comportant une tour de chargement/déchargement suspendue à une paroi de plafond de la structure porteuse, la tour de chargement/déchargement comportant un premier, un deuxième et un troisième mâts, verticaux, définissant un prisme à section triangulaire et présentant chacun une extrémité inférieure, la tour de chargement/déchargement comportant en outre une base qui s’étend horizontalement et qui est fixée à l’extrémité inférieure des premier, deuxième et troisième mâts; la tour de chargement/déchargement supportant au moins une première pompe, fixée à la base, et équipée d’un organe d’aspiration ; la cuve présentant un pied de support qui est fixé à la structure porteuse dans une zone d’une paroi de fond de la cuve qui s’étend dans le prolongement du prisme à section triangulaire, ledit pied de support étant agencé pour assurer un guidage en translation verticale de la tour de chargement/déchargement; la cuve présentant au moins un premier puisard ménagé dans la paroi de fond de la cuve et dans lequel est logé l’organe d’aspiration de la première pompe, la première pompe étant disposée à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire et étant alignée avec le pied de support dans un premier plan transversal qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale du navire. According to a first aspect, the invention provides a vessel, sealed and thermally insulating, for storing a fluid anchored in a load-bearing structure which is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction, the vessel comprising a loading tower / unloading suspended from a ceiling wall of the load-bearing structure, the loading / unloading tower comprising first, second and third vertical masts defining a prism with a triangular section and each having a lower end, the loading / unloading tower further comprising a base that extends horizontally and is attached to the lower end of the first, second and third masts; the loading / unloading tower supporting at least a first pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member; the tank having a support leg which is fixed to the supporting structure in an area of a bottom wall of the vessel which extends in the extension of the triangular section prism, said support leg being arranged to provide a guide in vertical translation of the loading / unloading tower; the tank having at least a first sump formed in the bottom wall of the tank and in which is housed the suction member of the first pump, the first pump being arranged to the outside of the triangular prism and being aligned with the support foot in a first transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Ainsi, la première pompe et le pied de support étant alignés transversalement, c'est-à-dire selon la direction préférentielle des phénomènes de ballottement, les efforts de torsion ou de flexion susceptibles de s'exercer, en raison des phénomènes de ballottement, sur la tour de chargement/déchargement et, par conséquent, sur la structure multicouche de la paroi de plafond et/ou de la paroi de fond dans les zones adjacentes à ladite tour de chargement/déchargement, sont réduits.  Thus, the first pump and the support foot being aligned transversely, that is to say in the preferred direction of the sloshing phenomena, torsion or bending forces likely to be exerted, because of sloshing phenomena, on the loading / unloading tower and, therefore, on the multilayer structure of the ceiling wall and / or the bottom wall in the areas adjacent to said loading / unloading tower, are reduced.
En outre, la première pompe étant disposée à l'extérieur du prisme à section triangulaire défini par les trois mâts, l'encombrement des mâts de la tour de chargement/déchargement peut être limité tout en autorisant la première pompe à présenter un organe d’aspiration logé dans un puisard, ce qui a en outre pour effet de limiter encore davantage les contraintes susceptibles de s’appliquer sur la tour de chargement/déchargement en raison des phénomènes de ballottement.  In addition, the first pump being disposed outside the triangular section prism defined by the three masts, the size of the mast of the loading / unloading tower can be limited while allowing the first pump to present a body of suction in a sump, which also has the effect of further limiting the constraints that may apply to the loading / unloading tower due to sloshing phenomena.
Un tel agencement de la pompe et de la tour de chargement/déchargement est donc compact et particulièrement résistant aux phénomènes de ballottement.  Such an arrangement of the pump and the loading / unloading tower is compact and particularly resistant to sloshing phenomena.
Selon des modes de réalisation avantageux, une telle cuve peut présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.  According to advantageous embodiments, such a tank may have one or more of the following characteristics.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier puisard est centré ou sensiblement centré par rapport à l’axe de la première pompe.  According to one embodiment, the first sump is centered or substantially centered with respect to the axis of the first pump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tour de chargement/déchargement supporte une deuxième pompe, fixée à la base, et équipée d’un organe d’aspiration, la deuxième pompe étant disposée à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire et étant alignée avec la première pompe et le pied de support dans le premier plan transversal (P2).  According to one embodiment, the loading / unloading tower supports a second pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member, the second pump being disposed outside the triangular prism and being aligned with the first one. pump and support foot in the first transverse plane (P2).
Selon un mode de réalisation, la cuve comporte un deuxième puisard ménagé dans la paroi de fond de la cuve et dans lequel est logé l’organe d’aspiration de la deuxième pompe.  According to one embodiment, the tank comprises a second sump formed in the bottom wall of the tank and in which is housed the suction member of the second pump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le deuxième puisard est centré par rapport à l’axe de la deuxième pompe. Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier puisard est écarté du pied de support d’une distance supérieure ou égale à 1 m. Selon un mode de réalisation, le deuxième puisard est écarté du pied de support d’une distance supérieure ou égale à 1 m. Les caractéristiques ci-dessus permettent ainsi d’assurer une tenue mécanique acceptable de la paroi de fond de la cuve tout en permettant à l’organe d’aspiration d’une pompe et de préférence des deux d’être logé dans un puisard. According to one embodiment, the second sump is centered with respect to the axis of the second pump. According to one embodiment, the first sump is spaced apart from the support foot by a distance greater than or equal to 1 m. According to one embodiment, the second sump is spaced apart from the support foot by a distance greater than or equal to 1 m. The above characteristics thus make it possible to ensure an acceptable mechanical strength of the bottom wall of the tank while allowing the suction member of a pump and preferably both to be housed in a sump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier et le deuxième mâts sont alignés dans un deuxième plan transversal qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the first and second masts are aligned in a second transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le troisième mât s’étend dans un plan longitudinal qui est à égale distance du premier et du deuxième mât.  According to one embodiment, the third mast extends in a longitudinal plane which is equidistant from the first and second mast.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le troisième mât présente un diamètre supérieur au diamètre du premier et du deuxième mâts.  According to one embodiment, the third mast has a diameter greater than the diameter of the first and second masts.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le troisième mât forme un puit de secours permettant la descente d’une pompe de secours et d’une ligne de déchargement.  According to one embodiment, the third mast forms an emergency well allowing the descent of an emergency pump and an unloading line.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tour de chargement/déchargement supporte une troisième pompe fixée à la base, la troisième pompe étant alignée avec lesdits premier et deuxième mâts dans le deuxième plan transversal et disposée entre lesdits premier et deuxième mâts. Ceci permet de protéger la troisième pompe contre les phénomènes de ballottement.  According to one embodiment, the loading / unloading tower supports a third pump attached to the base, the third pump being aligned with said first and second masts in the second transverse plane and disposed between said first and second masts. This protects the third pump against sloshing phenomena.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’organe d’aspiration de la troisième pompe n’est pas immergé dans un puisard. Ceci permet de limiter l’encombrement et permet notamment de positionner la tour de chargement/déchargement plus près d’une paroi arrière de la cuve que si un puisard devait être formé entre la tour de chargement/déchargement et ladite paroi arrière.  According to one embodiment, the suction member of the third pump is not immersed in a sump. This makes it possible to limit the bulk and in particular makes it possible to position the loading / unloading tower closer to a rear wall of the tank than if a sump were to be formed between the loading / unloading tower and said rear wall.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la première pompe est reliée à une première ligne de déchargement qui s’étend verticalement le long de la tour de chargement/déchargement, la première ligne de déchargement étant alignée avec lesdits premier et deuxième mâts dans le deuxième plan transversal et disposée entre le premier et le deuxième mâts. Ceci permet de protéger la première ligne de déchargement contre les phénomènes de ballottement. According to one embodiment, the first pump is connected to a first unloading line that extends vertically along the loading / unloading tower, the first unloading line being aligned with said first and second masts in the second transverse plane. and arranged between the first and second masts. This makes it possible to protect the first unloading line against sloshing phenomena.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la deuxième pompe est reliée à une deuxième ligne de déchargement qui s’étend verticalement le long de la tour de chargement/déchargement, la deuxième ligne de déchargement étant alignée avec lesdits premier et deuxième mâts dans le deuxième plan transversal (P1 ) et disposée entre le premier et le deuxième mâts.  According to one embodiment, the second pump is connected to a second unloading line that extends vertically along the loading / unloading tower, the second unloading line being aligned with said first and second masts in the second transverse plane. (P1) and disposed between the first and second masts.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la troisième pompe est reliée à une troisième lignes de déchargement qui s’étend verticalement le long de la tour de chargement/déchargement, la troisième ligne de déchargement étant alignée avec lesdits premier et deuxième mâts dans le deuxième plan transversal et disposées entre le premier et le deuxième mâts.  According to one embodiment, the third pump is connected to a third unloading line which extends vertically along the loading / unloading tower, the third unloading line being aligned with said first and second masts in the second transverse plane. and arranged between the first and second masts.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les pompes sont chacune reliées à l’une des lignes de déchargement au moyen d’un dispositif de raccordement équipé d’un compensateur de dilatation.  According to one embodiment, the pumps are each connected to one of the discharge lines by means of a connecting device equipped with an expansion compensator.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la base comporte au moins une première aile latérale qui fait saillie selon la direction transversale au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire et sur laquelle est fixée la première pompe. Ainsi, la fixation de la première pompe sur la tour de chargement/déchargement n’augmente pas ou faiblement la prise de la tour de chargement/déchargement aux phénomènes de ballottement.  According to one embodiment, the base comprises at least a first lateral wing which protrudes in the transverse direction beyond the prism triangular section and on which is fixed the first pump. Thus, the attachment of the first pump on the loading / unloading tower does not increase or weaken the catch of the loading / unloading tower to the sloshing phenomena.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la base comporte une deuxième aile latérale qui fait saillie selon la direction transversale au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire et sur laquelle est fixée la deuxième pompe.  According to one embodiment, the base comprises a second lateral wing which protrudes in the transverse direction beyond the triangular section prism and on which is fixed the second pump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la base comporte une structure de raidissement centrale, ladite structure de raidissement centrale comprenant deux raidisseurs, inclinés par rapport à la direction longitudinale du navire, l’un des raidisseurs s’étendant en ligne droite, entre le troisième mât et le premier mât, et de préférence du troisième mât jusqu’au premier mât, et l’autre raidisseur s’étendant en ligne droite, entre le deuxième mât et le troisième mât, et de préférence du deuxième mât jusqu’au troisième mât. Des raidisseurs présentant une telle structure sont particulièrement efficaces pour répartir les efforts sur l’ensemble de la structure. Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure de raidissement centrale est ménagée entre la première et la deuxième ailes latérales. According to one embodiment, the base comprises a central stiffening structure, said central stiffening structure comprising two stiffeners, inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ship, one of the stiffeners extending in a straight line between the third mast and the first mast, and preferably the third mast to the first mast, and the other mast extending in a straight line between the second mast and the third mast, and preferably the second mast to the third mast. Stiffeners having such a structure are particularly effective for distributing forces over the entire structure. According to one embodiment, the central stiffening structure is formed between the first and second lateral wings.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure de raidissement centrale comporte en outre une pluralité de raidisseurs qui s’étendent transversalement à la direction longitudinale du navire entre les deux raidisseurs inclinés par rapport à la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the central stiffening structure further comprises a plurality of stiffeners which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship between the two stiffeners inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la première aile latérale comporte un demi- caisson dans lequel est logée la première pompe, le demi-caisson comprenant un fond horizontal sur lequel sont fixées des pattes de fixation de ladite première pompe, le fond présentant une découpe au travers de laquelle passe ladite première pompe.  According to one embodiment, the first lateral wing comprises a half-box in which is housed the first pump, the half-box comprising a horizontal bottom on which are fixed fastening lugs of said first pump, the bottom having a cut at through which said first pump passes.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la deuxième aile latérale comporte un demi- caisson dans lequel est logée la deuxième pompe, le demi-caisson comprenant un fond horizontal sur lequel sont fixées des pattes de fixation de ladite deuxième pompe, le fond présentant une découpe au travers de laquelle passe ladite deuxième pompe.  According to one embodiment, the second lateral wing comprises a half-box in which is housed the second pump, the half-box comprising a horizontal bottom on which are fixed fastening lugs of said second pump, the bottom having a cut at through which said second pump passes.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque demi-caisson comporte en outre deux parois verticales d’orientation transversale et à une paroi verticale d’orientation longitudinale, le fond horizontal étant relié aux parois verticales d’orientation transversale et à la paroi verticale d’orientation longitudinale. According to one embodiment, each half-box further comprises two vertical walls of transverse orientation and a vertical wall of longitudinal orientation, the horizontal bottom being connected to the vertical walls of transverse orientation and the vertical wall of orientation. longitudinal.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la première aile latérale et/ou la deuxième aile latérale comprennent des raidisseurs qui s’étendent transversalement à la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the first lateral wing and / or the second lateral wing comprise stiffeners which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier, le deuxième et le troisième mâts sont fixés l’un à l’autre par des traverses.  According to one embodiment, the first, the second and the third masts are fixed to one another by crosspieces.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tour de chargement/déchargement est équipée d'un dispositif radar permettant de mesurer le niveau de gaz liquéfié dans la cuve , le dispositif radar comportant un émetteur et un guide d’onde qui s’étend sur sensiblement toute la hauteur de la cuve, le guide d’onde étant fixé au moyen d’organes de support à des traverses qui relient le troisième mât au premier ou au deuxième mât, les organes de support s’étendant dans un troisième plan transversal qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale du navire. Ainsi, les organes de support s’étendent selon la direction préférentielle des phénomènes de ballottement de manière à travailler principalement en traction/compression et non en flexion sous l’effet des phénomènes de ballottement, ce qui permet d’améliorer leur tenue mécanique. According to one embodiment, the loading / unloading tower is equipped with a radar device for measuring the level of liquefied gas in the tank, the radar device comprising a transmitter and a waveguide which extends over substantially all the height of the tank, the waveguide being fixed by means of support members to sleepers which connect the third mast to the first or second mast, the support members extending in a third transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ship. Thus, the support members extend in the preferred direction of the sloshing phenomena so as to work mainly in tension / compression and not bending under the effect of sloshing phenomena, which improves their mechanical strength.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la première et/ou la deuxième pompes sont disposées intégralement à l’extérieur du prisme à section triangulaire.  According to one embodiment, the first and / or second pumps are arranged entirely outside the triangular section prism.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le pied de support, le premier puisard et optionnellement le deuxième puisard sont placés entre les lignes directrices de deux ondulations transversales, et plus particulièrement centrée entre celles-ci.  According to one embodiment, the support foot, the first sump and optionally the second sump are placed between the guidelines of two transverse corrugations, and more particularly centered between them.
Selon un second aspect, l’invention fournit également une cuve, étanche et thermiquement isolante, de stockage d'un fluide ancrée dans une structure porteuse qui est intégrée dans un navire, le navire présentant une direction longitudinale, la cuve comportant une tour de chargement/déchargement suspendue à une paroi de plafond de la structure porteuse, la tour de chargement/déchargement comportant un premier, un deuxième et un troisième mâts, verticaux présentant chacun une extrémité inférieure, la tour de chargement/déchargement comportant en outre une base qui s’étend horizontalement et qui est fixée à l’extrémité inférieure des premier, deuxième et troisième mâts; la tour de chargement/déchargement supportant au moins une première pompe, fixée à la base, et équipée d’un organe d’aspiration ; la base comportant une structure de raidissement centrale, ladite structure de raidissement centrale comprenant deux raidisseurs, inclinés par rapport à la direction longitudinale du navire, l’un des raidisseurs s’étendant en ligne droite, du troisième mât jusqu’au premier mât et l’autre raidisseur s’étendant en ligne droite du deuxième mât jusqu’au troisième mât.  According to a second aspect, the invention also provides a vessel, sealed and thermally insulating, for storing a fluid anchored in a load-bearing structure which is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction, the vessel comprising a loading tower / unloading suspended from a ceiling wall of the load-bearing structure, the loading / unloading tower comprising first, second and third vertical masts each having a lower end, the loading / unloading tower further comprising a base which extends horizontally and is attached to the lower end of the first, second and third masts; the loading / unloading tower supporting at least a first pump, fixed to the base, and equipped with a suction member; the base comprising a central stiffening structure, said central stiffening structure comprising two stiffeners, inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ship, one of the stiffeners extending in a straight line, from the third mast to the first mast and the another stiffener extending in a straight line from the second mast to the third mast.
Une structure de raidissement centrale présentant de tels raidisseurs est particulièrement efficace pour répartir les efforts sur l’ensemble de la structure.  A central stiffening structure having such stiffeners is particularly effective for distributing forces over the entire structure.
Selon des modes de réalisation avantageux, une telle cuve peut présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.  According to advantageous embodiments, such a tank may have one or more of the following characteristics.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier, le deuxième et le troisième mâts verticaux définissent un prisme à section triangulaire. Selon un mode de réalisation, la cuve présente un pied de support qui est fixé à la structure porteuse dans une zone d’une paroi de fond de la cuve qui s’étend dans le prolongement du prisme à section triangulaire, ledit pied de support étant agencé pour assurer un guidage en translation verticale de la tour de chargement/déchargement. According to one embodiment, the first, second and third vertical poles define a triangular section prism. According to one embodiment, the tank has a support leg which is fixed to the supporting structure in an area of a bottom wall of the tank which extends in the extension of the triangular section prism, said support leg being arranged to provide guidance in vertical translation of the loading / unloading tower.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la première pompe disposée à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire.  According to one embodiment, the first pump disposed outside the triangular prism.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tour de chargement/déchargement comporte une deuxième pompe disposée à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire.  According to one embodiment, the loading / unloading tower comprises a second pump disposed outside the triangular prism.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la première pompe et la deuxième pompe sont alignés dans un premier plan transversal (P2) qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the first pump and the second pump are aligned in a first transverse plane (P2) which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la base comporte au moins une première aile latérale qui fait saillie selon la direction transversale au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire et sur laquelle est fixée une première pompe.  According to one embodiment, the base comprises at least a first lateral wing which protrudes in the transverse direction beyond the triangular section prism and on which is fixed a first pump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la base comporte une deuxième aile latérale qui fait saillie selon la direction transversale au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire et sur laquelle est fixée la deuxième pompe.  According to one embodiment, the base comprises a second lateral wing which protrudes in the transverse direction beyond the triangular section prism and on which is fixed the second pump.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure de raidissement centrale est ménagée entre la première et la deuxième ailes latérales.  According to one embodiment, the central stiffening structure is formed between the first and second lateral wings.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la structure de raidissement centrale comporte en outre une pluralité de raidisseurs qui s’étendent transversalement à la direction longitudinale du navire entre les deux raidisseurs inclinés par rapport à la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the central stiffening structure further comprises a plurality of stiffeners which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship between the two stiffeners inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la première aile latérale comporte un demi- caisson dans lequel est logée la première pompe, le demi-caisson comprenant un fond horizontal sur lequel est fixé des pattes de fixation de ladite première pompe, le fond présentant une découpe au travers de laquelle passe ladite première pompe.  According to one embodiment, the first lateral wing comprises a half-box in which is housed the first pump, the half-box comprising a horizontal bottom on which is fixed fixing lugs of said first pump, the bottom having a cut at through which said first pump passes.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la deuxième aile latérale comporte un demi- caisson dans lequel est logée la deuxième pompe, le demi-caisson comprenant un fond horizontal sur lequel est fixé des pattes de fixation de ladite deuxième pompe, le fond présentant une découpe au travers de laquelle passe ladite deuxième pompe. According to one embodiment, the second lateral wing comprises a half-box in which is housed the second pump, the half-box comprising a horizontal bottom on which is fixed fastening lugs of said second pump, the bottom having a cutout through which said second pump passes.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque demi-caisson comporte en outre deux parois verticales d’orientation transversale et à une paroi verticale d’orientation longitudinale, le fond horizontal étant relié aux parois verticales d’orientation transversale et à la paroi verticale d’orientation longitudinale.  According to one embodiment, each half-box further comprises two vertical walls of transverse orientation and a vertical wall of longitudinal orientation, the horizontal bottom being connected to the vertical walls of transverse orientation and the vertical wall of orientation. longitudinal.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la première aile latérale et/ou la deuxième aile latérale comprennent des raidisseurs qui s’étendent transversalement à la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the first lateral wing and / or the second lateral wing comprise stiffeners which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier et le deuxième mâts sont alignés dans un deuxième plan transversal qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale du navire.  According to one embodiment, the first and second masts are aligned in a second transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le troisième mât s’étend dans un plan longitudinal qui est à égale distance du premier et du deuxième mât.  According to one embodiment, the third mast extends in a longitudinal plane which is equidistant from the first and second mast.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un navire comportant une structure porteuse et l’une des cuves précitées ancrée dans ladite structure porteuse.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a vessel comprising a support structure and one of the aforementioned tanks anchored in said support structure.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entraîner un fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.  According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
Brève description des figures  Brief description of the figures
L’invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l’invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés. The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more apparent in the following description. several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- La figure 1 est une vue schématique en écorchée d’une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d’un fluide équipée d’une tour de chargement/déchargement.  - Figure 1 is a schematic cutaway view of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid equipped with a loading / unloading tower.
- La figure 2 est une vue en perspective d’une tour de chargement/déchargement.  - Figure 2 is a perspective view of a loading / unloading tower.
- La figure 3 est une vue en perspective détaillée de la partie supérieure de la tour de chargement/déchargement de la figure 2.  FIG. 3 is a detailed perspective view of the upper part of the loading / unloading tower of FIG.
- La figure 4 est vue de dessus de la partie inférieure de la tour de chargement/déchargement de la figure 2.  FIG. 4 is a view from above of the lower part of the loading / unloading tower of FIG. 2.
- La figure 5 est une vue en perspective de la base de la tour de chargement/déchargement supportant trois pompes.  - Figure 5 is a perspective view of the base of the loading / unloading tower supporting three pumps.
- La figure 6 est une vue de dessus de la base de la tour de chargement/déchargement supportant trois pompes.  - Figure 6 is a top view of the base of the loading / unloading tower supporting three pumps.
- La figure 7 est une vue schématique en coupe d’un puisard.  - Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of a sump.
- La figure 8 est une vue schématique en coupe d’un pied de support destiné à assurer un guidage en translation vertical de la tour de chargement/déchargement,  FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a support leg intended to provide vertical translational guidance of the loading / unloading tower,
- La figure 9 est vue détaillée de dessous de la tour de déchargement illustrant le guidage de la tour de chargement/déchargement sur le pied de support.  - Figure 9 is a detailed view from below of the unloading tower illustrating the guide of the loading / unloading tower on the support foot.
- La figure 10 est une vue de dessus de la paroi de fond au droit de la tour de chargement/déchargement selon un premier mode de réalisation.  - Figure 10 is a top view of the bottom wall to the right of the loading / unloading tower according to a first embodiment.
- La figure 11 est une vue de dessus de la paroi de fond au droit de la tour de chargement/déchargement selon un deuxième mode de réalisation  FIG. 11 is a view from above of the bottom wall to the right of the loading / unloading tower according to a second embodiment
- La figure 12 est une vue de dessus de la paroi de fond au droit de la tour de chargement/déchargement selon un troisième mode de réalisation  FIG. 12 is a view from above of the bottom wall to the right of the loading / unloading tower according to a third embodiment
- La figure 13 est une représentation schématique écorchée d’une cuve de navire méthanier et d’un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve. Description détaillée de modes de réalisation - Figure 13 is a schematic cutaway representation of a tank of LNG tanker and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank. Detailed description of embodiments
Par convention, sur les figures, un repère orthonormé défini par deux axes x et y est utilisé pour décrire les éléments de la cuve. L’axe x correspond à une direction longitudinale du navire et l’axe y a un axe transversal perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale du navire.  By convention, in the figures, an orthonormal frame defined by two x and y axes is used to describe the elements of the tank. The x axis corresponds to a longitudinal direction of the ship and the y axis has a transverse axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
En relation avec la figure 1 , l’on observe une cuve 1 étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage de gaz liquéfié qui est équipée d’une tour de chargement/déchargement 2 permettant notamment de charger le gaz liquéfié dans la cuve 1 et/ou de le décharger. Le gaz liquéfié peut notamment être un gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), c’est-à-dire un mélange gazeux comportant majoritairement du méthane ainsi qu’un ou plusieurs autres hydrocarbures, tels que l’éthane, le propane, le n-butane, le i-butane, le n-pentane le i-pentane, le néopentane, et de l’azote en faible proportion.  In relation with FIG. 1, there is observed a sealed and thermally insulating liquefied gas storage vessel 1 which is equipped with a loading / unloading tower 2, in particular enabling the liquefied gas to be loaded into the vessel 1 and / or unload it. The liquefied gas may in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gaseous mixture comprising predominantly methane and one or more other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, n-butane , i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, neopentane, and nitrogen in a small proportion.
La cuve 1 est ancrée dans une structure porteuse 3 embarquée dans un navire. La structure porteuse 3 est par exemple formée par la double coque d’un navire mais peut plus généralement être formée de tout type de cloison rigide présentant des propriétés mécaniques appropriées. La cuve 1 peut être destinée au transport de gaz liquéfié ou à recevoir du gaz liquéfié servant de carburant pour la propulsion du navire.  The tank 1 is anchored in a carrier structure 3 embedded in a ship. The carrier structure 3 is for example formed by the double hull of a ship but may more generally be formed of any type of rigid partition having appropriate mechanical properties. The tank 1 may be for the transport of liquefied gas or for receiving liquefied gas as a fuel for the propulsion of the ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la cuve 1 est une cuve à membranes. Dans une telle cuve 1 , chaque paroi présente successivement, de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur, selon la direction d’épaisseur de la paroi, une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 4 comportant des éléments isolants reposant contre la structure porteuse 3, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 5 ancrée aux éléments isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire 4, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 6 comportant des éléments isolants reposant contre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire 5 et une membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7 ancrée aux éléments isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire 5 et destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve 1. A titre d’exemple, chaque paroi peut notamment être de type Mark III, tel que décrit par exemple dans FR2691520, de type N096 tel que décrit par exemple dans FR2877638, ou de type Mark V tel que décrit par exemple dans WO14057221. According to one embodiment, the vessel 1 is a membrane vessel. In such a vessel 1, each wall has successively, from the outside towards the inside, in the direction of thickness of the wall, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 4 comprising insulating elements resting against the supporting structure 3, a membrane of secondary seal 5 anchored to the insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 4, a primary thermally insulating barrier 6 comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary sealing membrane 5 and a primary sealing membrane 7 anchored to the insulating elements of the barrier thermally insulating primary 5 and intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the vessel 1. By way of example, each wall may in particular be of the Mark III type, as described for example in FR2691520, of the N096 type as described for example in FR2877638, or of the Mark V type as described for example in WO14057221.
La tour de chargement/déchargement 2 est installée au voisinage de la paroi arrière 8 de la cuve 1 , ce qui permet d'optimiser la quantité de cargaison susceptible d'être déchargée par la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 dans la mesure où les navires sont généralement penchés vers l’arrière en utilisant les ballasts de façon particulière, notamment afin de limiter les vibrations.  The loading / unloading tower 2 is installed in the vicinity of the rear wall 8 of the tank 1, which makes it possible to optimize the quantity of cargo that can be unloaded by the loading / unloading tower 2 to the extent that the ships are generally tilted backwards by using the ballasts in a particular way, in particular in order to limit the vibrations.
La tour de chargement/déchargement 2 est suspendue à une paroi supérieure 9 de la structure porteuse 3. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la paroi supérieure 9 de la structure porteuse 3 comporte, à proximité de la paroi arrière 8, un espace, de forme parallélépipédique rectangle non représentée, en saillie vers le haut, appelé dôme liquide. Le dôme liquide est défini par deux parois transversales, avant et arrière, et par deux parois latérales qui s’étendent verticalement et font saillie de la paroi supérieure 9 vers le haut. Le dôme liquide comporte en outre un couvercle 10 horizontal, représenté sur les figures 2 et 3, auquel la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 est suspendue.  The loading / unloading tower 2 is suspended from an upper wall 9 of the supporting structure 3. According to a preferred embodiment, the upper wall 9 of the supporting structure 3 comprises, close to the rear wall 8, a space of rectangular parallelepipedal shape not shown, projecting upwards, called liquid dome. The liquid dome is defined by two transverse walls, front and rear, and two side walls which extend vertically and project from the top wall 9 upwards. The liquid dome further comprises a horizontal cover 10, shown in Figures 2 and 3, to which the loading / unloading tower 2 is suspended.
La tour de chargement/déchargement 2 s’étend sur sensiblement toute la hauteur de la cuve 1. La tour de chargement/déchargement 2 comporte une structure tripode, c’est-à-dire qu’elle comporte trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13, verticaux, qui sont chacun fixés les uns aux autres par des traverses 14. Chacun des mâts 1 1 , 12, 13 est creux et traverse le couvercle 10 du dôme liquide.  The loading / unloading tower 2 extends over substantially the entire height of the vessel 1. The loading / unloading tower 2 comprises a tripod structure, that is to say that it comprises three masts 1 1, 12, 13, vertical, which are each fixed to each other by crosspieces 14. Each of the masts 1 1, 12, 13 is hollow and passes through the lid 10 of the liquid dome.
Les trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13 définissent avec les traverses 14 un prisme à section triangulaire. Selon un mode de réalisation, les trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13 sont disposés à égale distance les uns des autres de sorte que la section du prisme est un triangle équilatéral. De manière avantageuse, les trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13 sont disposés de telle sorte qu’au moins l’une des faces du prisme s’étend dans un plan transversal P1 qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale x du navire. En d’autres termes, deux des mâts 1 1 , 12 sont alignés dans le plan transversal P1. Plus particulièrement, les deux mâts 1 1 , 12 qui sont alignés dans le plan transversal P1 sont les deux mâts arrière, c’est-à-dire les plus proches de la paroi arrière 8 de la cuve 1. The three masts January 1, 12, 13 define with the cross 14 a triangular section prism. According to one embodiment, the three masts 1 1, 12, 13 are arranged equidistant from each other so that the section of the prism is an equilateral triangle. Advantageously, the three masts 1 1, 12, 13 are arranged such that at least one of the faces of the prism extends in a transverse plane P1 which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction x of the ship. In other words, two of the masts January 1, 12 are aligned in the transverse plane P1. More particularly, the two masts 1 1, 12 which are aligned in the transverse plane P1 are the two rear masts, that is to say the closest to the rear wall 8 of the vessel 1.
Comme représenté sur les figures 2 à 4, le mât 13 avant présente un diamètre plus important que les deux mâts 1 1 , 12 arrière. Le mât 13 avant forme un puit de secours permettant la descente d’une pompe de secours et d’une ligne de déchargement en cas de défaillance des autres pompes de déchargement.  As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the mast 13 before has a larger diameter than the two masts 1 1, 12 rear. The mast 13 before forms an emergency well allowing the descent of a backup pump and an unloading line in case of failure of the other unloading pumps.
Par ailleurs, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les deux mâts 1 1 , 12 forment des gaines pour le passage de câbles d’alimentation électrique assurant notamment l’alimentation des pompes de déchargement supportées par le tour de chargement/déchargement 2. En outre, l’installation comporte trois conduits de déchargement 15, 16, 17, représentés sur la figure 2, qui sont chacun reliés à une pompe de déchargement 18, 19, 20. Les trois conduits de déchargement 15, 16, 17 sont disposés dans le plan transversal P1. Les trois conduits de déchargement 15, 16, 17 sont plus particulièrement placés entre les deux mâts 1 1 , 12. Ainsi, la direction préférentielle des phénomènes de ballottement étant orientée transversalement à la direction longitudinale x du navire, une telle disposition des conduits de déchargement 15, 16, 17 entre les deux mâts 1 1 , 12 permet de les protéger des phénomènes de ballottement.  Moreover, in the embodiment shown, the two masts January 1, 12 form sheaths for the passage of electrical power supply cables including ensuring the supply of unloading pumps supported by the loading / unloading tower 2. In addition, the installation comprises three unloading ducts 15, 16, 17, shown in FIG. 2, each of which is connected to an unloading pump 18, 19, 20. The three unloading ducts 15, 16, 17 are arranged in the transverse plane P1. The three unloading ducts 15, 16, 17 are more particularly placed between the two masts 1 1, 12. Thus, the preferential direction of the sloshing phenomena being oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction x of the ship, such an arrangement of the unloading ducts 15, 16, 17 between the two masts January 1, 12 to protect them from sloshing phenomena.
Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif, non représenté, les deux mâts 1 1 , 12 sont chacun reliés à une pompe de déchargement et forment une ligne de déchargement. La tour de chargement/déchargement 2 est alors équipée de gaines pour le passage de câbles d’alimentation électrique qui sont disposés dans le plan transversal P1 , et sont placés entre les deux mâts 11 , 12.  According to an alternative embodiment, not shown, the two masts January 1, 12 are each connected to an unloading pump and form an unloading line. The loading / unloading tower 2 is then equipped with ducts for the passage of electrical supply cables which are arranged in the transverse plane P1, and are placed between the two masts 11, 12.
Par ailleurs, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 est également équipée de deux lignes de chargement 21 , 22 qui sont fixées au mât avant. L’une des deux lignes de chargement 21 , uniquement représentée sur la figure 2, s’étend uniquement dans la portion supérieure de la cuve 1 tandis que l’autre ligne de chargement 22 s’étend sensiblement sur toute la hauteur de la cuve 1 jusqu’à proximité de la paroi de fond 23 de la cuve 1. De manière avantageuse, la ligne de chargement 22 qui s’étend sensiblement sur toute la hauteur de la cuve 1 est alignée avec le mât 13 selon un plan transversal qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale x du navire. Ceci permet de limiter les contraintes dues aux phénomènes de ballottement s’exerçant sur cette ligne de chargement 22. Moreover, in the embodiment shown, the loading / unloading tower 2 is also equipped with two loading lines 21, 22 which are fixed to the front mast. One of the two loading lines 21, only shown in Figure 2, extends only in the upper portion of the vessel 1 while the other loading line 22 extends substantially over the entire height of the vessel 1 to the vicinity of the bottom wall 23 of the vessel 1. Advantageously, the loading line 22 which extends substantially over the entire height of the vessel 1 is aligned with the mast 13 in a transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction x of the ship. this allows to limit the stresses due to the sloshing phenomena exerted on this loading line 22.
Par ailleurs, la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 est équipée d'un dispositif radar 24, visible sur les figures 3 et 4, permettant de mesurer le niveau de gaz liquéfié dans la cuve 1 . Le dispositif radar 24 comporte un émetteur, non représenté, et un guide d’onde 25, qui est supporté par la tour de chargement/déchargement 2. Le guide d’onde 25 s’étend sur sensiblement toute la hauteur de la cuve 1. Le guide d’onde 25 est fixé à des traverses 14 qui relient le mât 13 avant à l’un des mâts 11 , 12 arrière au moyen d’organes de support 26 qui sont régulièrement espacés le long du guide d’onde 25. Les organes de support 26, dont un est représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, s’étendent dans un plan transversal qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale x du navire, ce qui permet d’améliorer leur tenue mécanique.  Furthermore, the loading / unloading tower 2 is equipped with a radar device 24, visible in FIGS. 3 and 4, making it possible to measure the level of liquefied gas in the tank 1. The radar device 24 comprises an emitter, not shown, and a waveguide 25, which is supported by the loading / unloading tower 2. The waveguide 25 extends over substantially the entire height of the vessel 1. The waveguide 25 is fixed to crosspieces 14 which connect the mast 13 before one of the rear masts 11, 12 by means of support members 26 which are regularly spaced along the waveguide 25. The Support members 26, one of which is shown in Figures 3 and 4, extend in a transverse plane which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction x of the ship, which improves their mechanical strength.
La tour de chargement/déchargement 2 est également équipée d’une base 27, notamment représentée sur les figures 4 à 6, qui est fixée à l’extrémité inférieure des trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13 et qui supporte trois pompes de déchargement 18, 19, 20, à savoir une pompe centrale 19 et deux pompes latérales 18, 20. La présence de trois pompes de déchargement 18, 19, 20 assure une redondance qui permet notamment de réduire les risques de pannes nécessitant l’intervention d’un opérateur de maintenance dans la cuve 1. Le débit maximum des trois pompes de déchargement est inférieur à 40 m3/h, et avantageusement compris entre 10 et 20 m3/h, ce qui permet de limiter l’encombrement desdites pompes et par conséquent leur prise aux phénomènes de ballottement. The loading / unloading tower 2 is also equipped with a base 27, in particular represented in FIGS. 4 to 6, which is fixed to the lower end of the three masts 1 1, 12, 13 and which supports three unloading pumps 18 , 19, 20, namely a central pump 19 and two side pumps 18, 20. The presence of three unloading pumps 18, 19, 20 provides redundancy which in particular reduces the risk of breakdowns requiring the intervention of a maintenance operator in the tank 1. The maximum flow rate of the three unloading pumps is less than 40 m 3 / h, and advantageously between 10 and 20 m 3 / h, which makes it possible to limit the bulk of said pumps and consequently their catch to the phenomena of sloshing.
Les pompes de déchargement 18, 19, 20 sont chacune reliées à l’une des lignes de déchargement 15, 16, 17 décrites précédemment. Comme représenté sur la figure 4, les pompes de déchargement 18, 19, 20 sont chacune reliées à l’une des lignes de déchargement 15, 16, 17 au moyen de dispositifs de raccordement 28 pourvus d’un compensateur de dilatation 29 permettant d’absorber les déformations, notamment lors de la mise à froid de la cuve 1 et/ou la mise à froid des lignes de déchargement.  The unloading pumps 18, 19, 20 are each connected to one of the unloading lines 15, 16, 17 described above. As shown in FIG. 4, the unloading pumps 18, 19, 20 are each connected to one of the unloading lines 15, 16, 17 by means of connection devices 28 provided with an expansion compensator 29 enabling absorb the deformations, in particular during the cold setting of the tank 1 and / or the cold setting of the unloading lines.
La pompe centrale 19 est disposée, dans le plan transversal P1 , entre les mâts 1 1 , 12, ce qui permet de la protéger contre les phénomènes de ballottement. Les deux pompes latérales 18, 20 sont quant à elles alignées l’une avec l’autre dans un plan transversal P2, qui est orthogonal à la direction longitudinale x du navire. The central pump 19 is disposed, in the transverse plane P1, between the masts 1 1, 12, which protects it against sloshing phenomena. The two side pumps 18, 20 are themselves aligned with each other in a transverse plane P2, which is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction x of the ship.
Les pompes latérales 18, 20 sont disposées à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire défini par les trois mâts 11 , 12, 13. Ceci permet de disposer d’une distance suffisante entre les pompes latérales 18, 20 pour que leur organe d’aspiration puisse être logé dans des puisards 30, décrits par la suite, sans pour autant augmenter davantage les dimensions de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2. En effet, pour assurer une tenue mécanique acceptable des parois de la cuve 1 , il est nécessaire d’assurer une distance minimale entre les équipements interrompant la structure multicouche des parois, tels que les puisards 30 ou le pied de support 31 de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2. Dès lors, un pied de support 31 , décrit par la suite, étant localisé dans la zone de la paroi de fond 23 en regard de l’axe central de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2, les puisards 30 destinés à loger l’organe d’aspiration des pompes latérales 18, 20 doivent être suffisamment écartés de l’axe central de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 pour ne pas dégrader le comportement mécanique de la paroi de fond 23 de la cuve 1 .  The side pumps 18, 20 are arranged outside the triangular prism defined by the three masts 11, 12, 13. This allows to have a sufficient distance between the side pumps 18, 20 so that their suction member can be housed in sumps 30, described below, without further increasing the dimensions of the loading tower / unloading 2. Indeed, to ensure acceptable mechanical strength of the walls of the vessel 1, it is necessary to ensure a minimum distance between the equipment interrupting the multilayer structure of the walls, such as the catch basins 30 or the support leg 31 of the loading / unloading tower 2. Consequently, a support foot 31, described later, being located in the area of the bottom wall 23 facing the central axis of the loading / unloading tower 2, the sumps 30 intended to house the suction member of the side pumps 18, 20 must be sufficient spaced apart from the central axis of the loading / unloading tower 2 so as not to degrade the mechanical behavior of the bottom wall 23 of the vessel 1.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la distance selon la direction transversale y entre les deux pompes latérales 18, 20 est supérieure à 2m, par exemple de l'ordre de 4 à 5 mètres. En outre, afin d’assurer une tenue mécanique suffisante de la paroi de fond 23, la distance minimale entre un puisard 30 et le pied de support 31 est supérieure à 1 mètre. De manière avantageuse, lorsque la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7 est une membrane ondulée, la distance entre un puisard 30 et le pied de support 31 est supérieur à trois pas d’ondes s’étendant selon la direction longitudinale du navire. Les puisards 30 visent à maintenir les organes d’aspiration des pompes latérales 18, 20, immergés dans une certaine quantité de gaz liquéfié, malgré les phénomènes de ballotement dudit gaz liquéfié, de manière à éviter de désamorcer et/ou de dégrader lesdites pompes latérales 18, 20. Un puisard 30, selon un exemple de réalisation, est illustré sur la figure 7. Le puisard 30 reçoit l’organe d’aspiration de l’une des pompes latérales 18, 20. Le puisard 30 comporte une cuvette cylindrique primaire 32 qui fournit un premier récipient en communication avec l’intérieur de la cuve 1 et une cuvette cylindrique secondaire 33 qui fournit un deuxième récipient entourant la partie inférieure de la cuvette cylindrique primaire 32. La cuvette cylindrique primaire 32 est raccordée de manière continue à la membrane primaire 7 qu’elle complète ainsi de manière étanche. De même, la cuvette cylindrique secondaire 33 est raccordée de manière continue à la membrane secondaire 5 qu’elle complète ainsi de manière étanche. Le puisard 30 est centré par rapport à l’axe de la pompe 18, 20 qu’il reçoit. According to one embodiment, the distance in the transverse direction y between the two side pumps 18, 20 is greater than 2m, for example of the order of 4 to 5 meters. In addition, in order to ensure sufficient mechanical strength of the bottom wall 23, the minimum distance between a sump 30 and the support foot 31 is greater than 1 meter. Advantageously, when the primary waterproofing membrane 7 is a corrugated membrane, the distance between a sump 30 and the support foot 31 is greater than three wave steps extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship. The sumps 30 are intended to maintain the suction members of the side pumps 18, 20, immersed in a certain quantity of liquefied gas, despite the phenomena of sloshing of said liquefied gas, so as to avoid defusing and / or degrading said side pumps. 18, 20. A sump 30, according to an exemplary embodiment, is illustrated in Figure 7. The sump 30 receives the suction member of one of the side pumps 18, 20. The sump 30 comprises a primary cylindrical bowl 32 which provides a first container in communication with the interior of the tank 1 and a secondary cylindrical bowl 33 which provides a second container surrounding the lower portion of the primary cylindrical bowl 32. The bowl cylindrical primary 32 is connected continuously to the primary membrane 7 so it completes tightly. Similarly, the secondary cylindrical bowl 33 is continuously connected to the secondary membrane 5 and thus completes tightly. The sump 30 is centered with respect to the axis of the pump 18, 20 which it receives.
Selon un mode de réalisation non illustré, afin d’augmenter la capacité du puisard 30, la structure porteuse 3 de la paroi de fond 23 présente une ouverture circulaire à travers laquelle le puisard 30 est engagé et qui permet au puisard 30 de dépasser à l’extérieur du plan de la structure porteuse 3 de la paroi de fond 23. Dans ce cas, une cuvette cylindrique creuse est fixée à la structure porteuse 3 autour de l’ouverture et fait saillie vers l’extérieur de la structure porteuse 3 afin de former une structure d’extension qui fournit un espace supplémentaire pour loger le puisard 30.  According to a non-illustrated embodiment, to increase the capacity of the sump 30, the supporting structure 3 of the bottom wall 23 has a circular opening through which the sump 30 is engaged and which allows the sump 30 to exceed outside of the plane of the supporting structure 3 of the bottom wall 23. In this case, a hollow cylindrical bowl is fixed to the supporting structure 3 around the opening and protrudes towards the outside of the supporting structure 3 in order to forming an extension structure that provides additional space for housing the sump 30.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, seules les pompes latérales 18, 20 sont immergées dans des puisards 30. Ainsi, lorsque le niveau de gaz liquéfié dans la cuve descend en dessous d’un seuil, la pompe centrale 19 ne peut pas être utilisée et ce sont les pompes latérales 18, 20 qui sont exclusivement utilisées pour décharger le gaz liquéfié. Un tel agencement est avantageux notamment en ce qu’il permet le positionnement de la pompe centrale 19 entre les deux mâts 11 , 12 et en ce qu’il permet de positionner la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 plus près de la paroi arrière 8 que si un puisard 30 devait être formé entre la tour de chargement/déchargement et la paroi arrière 8 de la cuve 1.  In the embodiment shown, only the side pumps 18, 20 are immersed in sumps 30. Thus, when the level of liquefied gas in the tank falls below a threshold, the central pump 19 can not be used and it is the side pumps 18, 20 which are used exclusively for discharging the liquefied gas. Such an arrangement is advantageous in particular in that it allows the positioning of the central pump 19 between the two masts 11, 12 and in that it makes it possible to position the loading / unloading tower 2 closer to the rear wall 8 than if a sump 30 was to be formed between the loading / unloading tower and the rear wall 8 of the vessel 1.
En revenant aux figures 4 à 6, on décrit maintenant la structure de la base 27. La base 27 comporte des bagues 34, 35, 36 au travers desquelles passent les extrémités inférieures des trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13. Les bagues 34, 35, 36 sont soudées aux mâts 11 , 12, 13 de manière à fixer ladite base 27 à l’extrémité inférieure des trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13.  Returning to FIGS. 4 to 6, the structure of the base 27 is now described. The base 27 comprises rings 34, 35, 36 through which the lower ends of the three masts 1 1, 12, 13 pass. The rings 34, 35, 36 are welded to the masts 11, 12, 13 so as to fix said base 27 at the lower end of the three masts 1 1, 12, 13.
Par ailleurs, la base 27 comporte une structure de raidissement centrale 27 permettant d’augmenter la raideur de la base 27 et d’augmenter ainsi la résistance de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 aux phénomènes de ballottement. La structure de raidissement centrale 37 comporte deux raidisseurs 38, 39, inclinés par rapport à la direction longitudinale x du navire, qui s’étendent chacun en ligne droite, entre l’axe central de l’un des mâts 1 1 , 12 et l’axe central du mât 13. Notons qu’un tel agencement offrant une raideur conséquente est notamment permis par le positionnement des pompes latérales 18, 20 à l’extérieur du prisme à section triangulaire défini par les trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13. Furthermore, the base 27 comprises a central stiffening structure 27 for increasing the stiffness of the base 27 and thus increase the resistance of the loading / unloading tower 2 to the sloshing phenomena. The central stiffening structure 37 comprises two stiffeners 38, 39, inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction x of the ship, which each extend in a straight line, between the central axis of one of the masts 1 1, 12 and the central axis of the mast 13. Note that such An arrangement offering a substantial stiffness is allowed in particular by the positioning of the side pumps 18, 20 outside the triangular section prism defined by the three masts 1 1, 12, 13.
Par ailleurs, la structure de raidissement centrale 37 comporte plusieurs raidisseurs 40, 41 , 42, 43 qui s’étendent transversalement et rejoignent les deux raidisseurs 39, 39 inclinés. La structure de raidissement centrale 37 comporte en outre des raidisseurs 44 qui s’étendent selon la direction longitudinale entre les raidisseurs 40, 41 , 42, 43 s’étendant transversalement. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, la base 27 comporte une tôle plane et les raidisseurs 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44 sont des poutres métalliques qui sont soudées sur la tôle plane.  Furthermore, the central stiffening structure 37 comprises several stiffeners 40, 41, 42, 43 which extend transversely and join the two inclined stiffeners 39, 39. The central stiffening structure 37 further comprises stiffeners 44 which extend in the longitudinal direction between the transversely extending stiffeners 40, 41, 42, 43. In the illustrated embodiment, the base 27 comprises a flat sheet and the stiffeners 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 are metal beams which are welded to the flat sheet.
La base 27 comporte en outre deux ailes latérales 45, 46 qui font saillie selon la direction transversale y au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire défini par les trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13. Les ailes latérales 45, 46 assurent la fixation des pompes latérales 18, 20 à la base 27, et ceci à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire défini par les trois mâts 1 1 , 12, 13.  The base 27 further comprises two lateral wings 45, 46 which project in the transverse direction y beyond the triangular section prism defined by the three masts 1 1, 12, 13. The lateral wings 45, 46 ensure the fixation of the side pumps 18, 20 at the base 27, and this outside the triangular prism defined by the three masts 1 1, 12, 13.
Comme illustré sur la figure 5, les pompes latérales 18, 20 sont plus particulièrement logées dans des demi-caissons 47, 48 ouverts vers l’extérieur de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2. Les demi-caissons 47, 48 font saillie par rapport au reste de la base 27 en direction de la paroi de fond 23 de la cuve 1 , ce qui permet de descendre suffisamment les pompes latérales 18, 20 pour que leur organe d’aspiration soit logé dans un puisard 30. Chaque demi-caisson 47, 48 est formé par un fond 49, horizontal, qui est reliée à deux parois verticales 50, 51 d’orientation transversale et une paroi verticale 52 d’orientation longitudinale. Le fond 49 présente une découpe au travers de laquelle est placé le corps de l’une des pompes latérales 18, 20. Les pompes latérales 18, 20 sont chacune équipées de pattes de fixation assurant leur fixation sur le fond 49, autour de la découpe.  As illustrated in FIG. 5, the lateral pumps 18, 20 are more particularly housed in half-boxes 47, 48 open towards the outside of the loading / unloading tower 2. The half-boxes 47, 48 project relative to each other. the rest of the base 27 towards the bottom wall 23 of the tank 1, which allows the side pumps 18, 20 to be lowered sufficiently for their suction member to be housed in a sump 30. Each half-box 47 , 48 is formed by a bottom 49, horizontal, which is connected to two vertical walls 50, 51 of transverse orientation and a vertical wall 52 of longitudinal orientation. The bottom 49 has a cutout through which is placed the body of one of the side pumps 18, 20. The side pumps 18, 20 are each equipped with fixing lugs ensuring their attachment to the bottom 49, around the cutout .
Les ailes latérales 45, 46 sont également équipées de raidisseurs, par exemple formés de plaques verticales, qui s’étendent selon la direction transversale et de raidisseurs, par exemple également formés de plaques verticales, qui s’étendent depuis les demi-caissons 47, 48 vers l’un des mâts 1 1 , 12, 13. La base 27 comporte également une aile centrale 53 qui est positionnée entre les deux mâts 1 1 , 12. L’aile centrale 53 comporte une découpe au travers de laquelle est placé le corps de la pompe centrale 19. La pompe centrale 19 comporte des pattes de fixation assurant sa fixation sur l’aile centrale 53 autour de la découpe. The lateral wings 45, 46 are also equipped with stiffeners, for example formed of vertical plates, which extend in the transverse direction and stiffeners, for example also formed of vertical plates, which extend from the half-boxes 47, 48 to one of the masts 1 1, 12, 13. The base 27 also comprises a central wing 53 which is positioned between the two masts 1 1, 12. The central wing 53 has a cutout through which is placed the body of the central pump 19. The central pump 19 has legs fastening ensuring its attachment to the central flange 53 around the cut.
En relation avec la figure 9, l’on observe que la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 comporte un dispositif de guidage qui est fixé contre la face inférieure de la base 27 et qui coopère avec un pied de support 31 qui est fixé à la paroi de fond de la structure porteuse 3. Un tel dispositif de guidage vise à autoriser les mouvements relatifs de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 par rapport au pied de support 31 selon la direction de hauteur de la cuve 1 afin de permettre à la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 de se contracter ou de se dilater en fonction des températures à laquelle elle est soumise tout en empêchant les mouvements horizontaux de la base 27 de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2.  With reference to FIG. 9, it can be seen that the loading / unloading tower 2 comprises a guiding device which is fixed against the lower face of the base 27 and which cooperates with a support leg 31 which is fixed to the wall 3. Such a guiding device aims to allow the relative movements of the loading / unloading tower 2 relative to the support foot 31 in the height direction of the vessel 1 to allow the tower to loading / unloading 2 to contract or expand according to the temperatures to which it is subjected while preventing the horizontal movements of the base 27 of the loading / unloading tower 2.
Comme représenté schématiquement sur la figure 8, le pied de support 31 présente une forme de révolution à section circulaire, avec une partie inferieure tronconique 54 qui se raccorde au niveau de son extrémité de plus petit diamètre à une partie supérieure cylindrique 55. La base de plus grand diamètre de la partie tronconique est en appui contre la paroi de fond de la structure porteuse 3. La partie inferieure tronconique 54 s'étend à travers l'épaisseur de la paroi de fond 23 de la cuve 1 au-delà du niveau de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7. La partie supérieure cylindrique 55 est fermée de manière étanche par une plaque circulaire As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 8, the support leg 31 has a circular-section revolution shape, with a frustoconical lower portion 54 which connects at its smaller-diameter end to a cylindrical upper portion 55. larger diameter of the frustoconical portion is in abutment against the bottom wall of the supporting structure 3. The frustoconical lower portion 54 extends through the thickness of the bottom wall 23 of the vessel 1 beyond the level of the primary sealing membrane 7. The cylindrical upper portion 55 is sealed by a circular plate
56. Les membranes d’étanchéité primaire 7 et secondaire 5 sont raccordées de manière étanche à la partie inferieure tronconique 54. 56. The primary 7 and secondary 5 waterproofing membranes are sealingly connected to the frustoconical lower part 54.
Par ailleurs, comme représenté sur la figure 9, deux éléments de guidage Moreover, as shown in FIG. 9, two guide elements
57, 58 sont soudées sur le pied de support 6 et s’étendent respectivement vers l’arrière et vers l’avant de la cuve 1. Chacune des deux éléments de guidage 57, 58 est équipé de deux faces longitudinales et d’une face transversale, chacune des faces longitudinales et transversales étant en contact avec un élément de guidage 59 fixé sur la base 27 de la tour de chargement/déchargement 2. 57, 58 are welded to the support foot 6 and respectively extend towards the rear and towards the front of the vessel 1. Each of the two guide elements 57, 58 is equipped with two longitudinal faces and one face transverse, each of the longitudinal and transverse faces being in contact with a guide element 59 fixed on the base 27 of the loading / unloading tower 2.
En relation avec la figure 10, l’on observe que le pied de support 31 est aligné avec les pompes latérales 18, 20 dans le plan P2 et est plus particulièrement centré entre les deux pompes latérales 18, 20. Une telle disposition est avantageuse en ce qu’elle permet de limiter les efforts dus au phénomène de ballottement agissant sur les pompes latérales 18, 20 et sur le pied de support 31. With reference to FIG. 10, it can be observed that the support foot 31 is aligned with the lateral pumps 18, 20 in the plane P2 and is more particularly centered between the two side pumps 18, 20. Such an arrangement is advantageous in that it makes it possible to limit the forces due to the sloshing phenomenon acting on the side pumps 18, 20 and on the support leg 31.
En outre, lorsque la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7 est une membrane ondulée, telle que représenté sur la figure 10, dans laquelle les ondulations s’étendent selon les directions transversales et longitudinales du navire, une telle disposition permet de limiter le nombre d’ondulations interrompues et ainsi de limiter la perte d'élasticité de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7 résultant de telles interruptions. En outre, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les puisards 30 et le pied de support 31 sont placés entre les lignes directrices de deux ondulations transversales et plus particulièrement centrée entre celles-ci. Ceci permet d’interrompre les ondulations sur une distance la plus courte possible, étant donné que ces interruptions sont susceptibles de réduire localement la flexibilité de la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 7 et donc de favoriser localement sa fatigue et son usure.  In addition, when the primary waterproofing membrane 7 is a corrugated membrane, as shown in FIG. 10, in which the corrugations extend along the transverse and longitudinal directions of the vessel, such an arrangement makes it possible to limit the number of interrupted waveforms and thus to limit the loss of elasticity of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 resulting from such interruptions. In addition, in the embodiment shown, the sumps 30 and the support foot 31 are placed between the guidelines of two transverse corrugations and more particularly centered between them. This makes it possible to interrupt the ripples for as short a distance as possible, since these interruptions are capable of locally reducing the flexibility of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 and thus of locally promoting its fatigue and wear.
Ainsi, comme représenté sur la figure 10, la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7 comprend des ondulations longitudinales 60 s’étendant dans la direction longitudinale x du navire et des ondulations transversales 61 s’étendant dans la direction transversale y du navire. Dans une zone dite non spéciale de la paroi de fond 23, c’est-à-dire une zone éloignée de tout obstacle comme un bord de paroi ou un pied de support 31 ou un puisard 30 par exemple, les ondulations longitudinales 60 sont rectilignes parallèles équidistantes dans la direction longitudinale et les ondulations transversales 61 sont rectilignes parallèles équidistantes dans la direction transversale. La distance entre deux ondulations longitudinales 60 adjacentes ou entre deux ondulations transversales 61 adjacentes est nommée pas d’onde.  Thus, as shown in FIG. 10, the primary waterproofing membrane 7 comprises longitudinal corrugations 60 extending in the longitudinal direction x of the ship and transverse corrugations 61 extending in the transverse direction y of the ship. In a so-called non-special zone of the bottom wall 23, that is to say an area remote from any obstacle such as a wall edge or a support leg 31 or a sump 30 for example, the longitudinal corrugations 60 are rectilinear parallel equidistant in the longitudinal direction and the transverse corrugations 61 are rectilinear parallel equidistant in the transverse direction. The distance between two adjacent longitudinal corrugations 60 or between two adjacent transverse corrugations 61 is called a wave pitch.
La membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7 est rendue flexible grâce à ces ondulations 60, 61 lui permettant de se déformer en fonction par exemple des contraintes thermiques appliquées à la membrane 7. La membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7 est soudée de manière étanche, c’est-à-dire à l’aide de cordons de soudure continues, aux puisards 30 et au pied de support 31 afin de conserver l’étanchéité de la paroi de fond 23. Il parait ainsi avantageux d’assurer dans cette zone entre deux points fixes de la paroi de fond 23 une flexibilité accrue de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7 afin d’augmenter la durée de vie en fatigue de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7. The primary waterproofing membrane 7 is made flexible by virtue of these corrugations 60, 61 enabling it to deform as a function, for example, of the thermal stresses applied to the membrane 7. The primary waterproofing membrane 7 is sealingly welded, that is to say with the aid of continuous weld seams, the sumps 30 and the support foot 31 in order to maintain the tightness of the bottom wall 23. It thus seems advantageous to ensure in this zone between two points fixed from the bottom wall 23 increased flexibility of the waterproofing membrane primary 7 to increase the fatigue life of the primary waterproofing membrane 7.
De plus, les pompes 18, 20 dont l’organe d’aspiration se trouvent dans les puisards 30 sont fixées à la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 à l’aide d’ailes latérales 45, 46. Plus les pompes 18, 20 sont éloignées du pied de support 31 , plus la dimension des ailes latérales 45, 45 augmente, augmentant ainsi la prise au phénomène de ballotement desdites ailes latérales. Un avantage a donc été de trouver un compromis entre flexibilité de la membrane d’étanchéité 7 et distance de positionnement des pompes 18, 20 par rapport au pied de support 31.  In addition, the pumps 18, 20 whose suction members are in the sumps 30 are fixed to the loading / unloading tower 2 by means of lateral wings 45, 46. The pumps 18, 20 are away from the support foot 31, plus the dimension of the lateral wings 45, 45 increases, thereby increasing the catching phenomenon of said lateral wings. An advantage has therefore been to find a compromise between the flexibility of the sealing membrane 7 and the positioning distance of the pumps 18, 20 with respect to the support foot 31.
Pour cela, dans le premier mode de réalisation représenté figure 10, les puisards 30 sont espacés du pied de support 31 d’une distance telle que quatre ondulations longitudinales 60 passent entre le puisard 30 et le pied de support 31 ce qui correspond à une distance supérieure ou égale à trois pas d’onde.  For this, in the first embodiment shown in Figure 10, the sumps 30 are spaced from the support foot 31 by a distance such that four longitudinal corrugations 60 pass between the sump 30 and the support foot 31 which corresponds to a distance greater than or equal to three wave steps.
Les puisards 30 ainsi que le pied de support 31 forment par leur disposition sur la paroi de fond 23 des ondulations longitudinales interrompues 62 et des ondulations transversales interrompues 63. En effet, deux ondulations longitudinales sont interrompues par chaque puisard 30 et par le pied de support 31 tandis que deux ondulations transversales sont interrompues à plusieurs reprises par les puisards 30 et le pied de support 31 au vu de leur alignement dans la direction transversale y.  The sumps 30 and the support foot 31 form, by their arrangement on the bottom wall 23, interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 and interrupted transversal corrugations 63. Indeed, two longitudinal corrugations are interrupted by each sump 30 and by the support leg. 31 while two transverse corrugations are interrupted several times by the sumps 30 and the support foot 31 in view of their alignment in the transverse direction y.
Afin de minimiser la distance entre les pompes 18, 20 et la tour de chargement/déchargement 2 tout en augmentant le nombre d’ondulations entre le pied de support 31 et les puisards 30, il est prévu de dévoyer des ondulations longitudinales 60 adjacentes à des ondulations longitudinales interrompues 62 sur une portion singulière 64 de sorte que la portion singulière 64 des ondulations longitudinales 60 soit décalée à distance du puisard 30 interrompant l’ondulation longitudinale interrompue 62 adjacente. Ainsi les portions singulières 64 passent entre les puisards 30 et le pied de support 31 .  In order to minimize the distance between the pumps 18, 20 and the loading / unloading tower 2 while increasing the number of corrugations between the support foot 31 and the sumps 30, it is intended to divert longitudinal corrugations 60 adjacent to interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 on a singular portion 64 so that the singular portion 64 of the longitudinal corrugations 60 is shifted away from the sump 30 interrupting the interrupted longitudinal corrugation 62 adjacent. Thus the singular portions 64 pass between the sumps 30 and the support foot 31.
La figure 1 1 présente un deuxième mode de réalisation de la paroi de fond de cuve et notamment de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7. Ce deuxième mode de réalisation est similaire au premier mode de réalisation de la figure 10 et se distingue du premier mode de réalisation par le nombre d’ondulations longitudinales 60 passant entre le puisard 30 et le pied de support 31. Dans ce mode de réalisation, trois ondulations longitudinales 60 passent entre le puisard 30 et le pied de support 31 , le puisard 30 et le pied de support 31 étant espacés l’un de l’autre d’une distance supérieure à deux pas d’onde, par exemple proche de trois pas d’onde. Les ondulations longitudinales 60 adjacentes à des ondulations longitudinales interrompues 62 ne sont ici pas dévoyées. En effet, comme illustré en figure 1 1 , les ondulations longitudinales 60 adjacentes à des ondulations longitudinales interrompues 62 sont interrompues à distance des puisard 30 dans la direction longitudinale et fermées à leur extrémité par un capuchon 65. FIG. 11 presents a second embodiment of the bottom wall of the tank and in particular of the primary waterproofing membrane 7. This second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment of FIG. 10 and differs from the first embodiment. by the number of longitudinal corrugations 60 passing between the sump 30 and the support leg 31. In this embodiment, three longitudinal corrugations 60 pass between the sump 30 and the support leg 31, the sump 30 and the support leg 31 being spaced apart from each other. the other of a distance greater than two waves, for example close to three waves. The longitudinal corrugations 60 adjacent interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 are not deviated here. Indeed, as illustrated in FIG. 11, the longitudinal corrugations 60 adjacent to interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 are interrupted at a distance from the sump 30 in the longitudinal direction and closed at their end by a cap 65.
La figure 12 présente un troisième mode de réalisation de la paroi de fond de cuve et notamment de la membrane d’étanchéité primaire 7. Ce troisième mode de réalisation est similaire au premier mode de réalisation et se distingue du premier mode de réalisation par le nombre d’ondulations longitudinales 60 passant entre le puisard 30 et le pied de support 31 et également par la distance entre le puisard 30 et le pied de support 31 qui est dans le troisième mode de réalisation de seulement deux pas d’onde, par exemple proche de trois pas d’onde. Contrairement au deuxième mode de réalisation, les ondulations longitudinales 60 adjacentes à des ondulations longitudinales interrompues 62 sont bien dévoyées. Toutefois, au vu de la distance proche de trois pas d’onde entre le puisard 30 et le pied de support 31 , seuls trois ondulations longitudinales 60 passent ainsi entre le puisard 30 et le pied de support 31  FIG. 12 shows a third embodiment of the bottom wall of the tank and in particular of the primary waterproofing membrane 7. This third embodiment is similar to the first embodiment and differs from the first embodiment in the number of of longitudinal corrugations 60 passing between the sump 30 and the support foot 31 and also by the distance between the sump 30 and the support foot 31 which is in the third embodiment of only two wave steps, for example close three waves. Unlike the second embodiment, the longitudinal corrugations 60 adjacent to interrupted longitudinal corrugations 62 are well deviated. However, in view of the near three-wave distance between the sump 30 and the support leg 31, only three longitudinal corrugations 60 thus pass between the sump 30 and the support leg 31.
En référence à la figure 13, une vue écorchée d’un navire 70 montre une cuve étanche et isolée 71 de forme générale prismatique montée dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une membrane d’étanchéité primaire destinée à être en contact avec le gaz liquéfié contenu dans la cuve, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire agencée entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barrières isolante agencées respectivement entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et entre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et la double coque 72.  Referring to Figure 13, a broken view of a ship 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary waterproofing membrane and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers respectively arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the secondary sealing membrane and between the secondary sealing membrane and the double shell 72.
De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71. In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of connectors, at a marine or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG to or from the tank 71.
La figure 13 représente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et/ou de déchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation à terre 77. Le poste de chargement et/ou de déchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolés 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte à tous les gabarits de navire. Une conduite de liaison non représentée s'étend à l'intérieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75 permet le chargement et le déchargement du navire 70 depuis ou vers l'installation à terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliées par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquéfié entre le poste de chargement ou de déchargement 75 et l'installation à terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire 70 à grande distance de la côte pendant les opérations de chargement et de déchargement.  FIG. 13 shows an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and / or unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and / or unloading station 75 is a fixed installation shore comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 is adaptable to all ship templates. A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the ship 70 from or to the shore facility 77. liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which keeps the ship 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75.  In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.  Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.
L’usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n’exclut pas la présence d’autres éléments ou d’autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication.  The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.  In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Cuve (1 ) étanche et thermiquement isolante pour le stockage d’un fluide, la cuve (1 ) étant ancrée dans une structure porteuse (3) la cuve (1 ) comportant une tour de chargement/déchargement (2) suspendue à une paroi de plafond (9) de la structure porteuse (3), la cuve (1 ) présentant un pied de support (31 ) qui est fixé à la structure porteuse (3) dans une zone d’une paroi de fond (23) de la cuve (1) , ledit pied de support (31 ) étant agencé pour assurer un guidage en translation verticale de la tour de chargement/déchargement (2), la cuve (1 ) présentant au moins un puisard (30) ménagé dans la paroi de fond (23) de la cuve (1 ), la paroi de fond de la cuve comprenant une membrane d’étanchéité ondulée (7) destinée à être en contact avec le fluide, la membrane d’étanchéité ondulée (7) comportant au moins des premières ondulations (60) s’étendant dans une première direction (x) et espacées les unes des autres, 1. Tank (1) sealed and thermally insulating for storing a fluid, the tank (1) being anchored in a supporting structure (3) the tank (1) comprising a loading / unloading tower (2) suspended at a ceiling wall (9) of the supporting structure (3), the vessel (1) having a supporting foot (31) which is fixed to the supporting structure (3) in an area of a bottom wall (23) of the tank (1), said support foot (31) being arranged to provide vertical translation guidance of the loading / unloading tower (2), the tank (1) having at least one sump (30) formed in the wall base (23) of the tank (1), the bottom wall of the tank comprising a corrugated waterproofing membrane (7) intended to be in contact with the fluid, the corrugated waterproofing membrane (7) comprising at least first corrugations (60) extending in a first direction (x) and spaced apart from each other,
dans laquelle le puisard (30) et le pied de support (31 ) sont espacés d’une distance telle qu’au moins trois premières ondulations (60) passent entre le puisard (30) et le pied de support (31 ). wherein the sump (30) and the support foot (31) are spaced apart by a distance such that at least three first corrugations (60) pass between the sump (30) and the support leg (31).
2. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle le puisard (30) et le pied de support (31) sont espacés d’une distance telle qu’au moins quatre premières ondulations (60) passent entre le puisard (30) et le pied de support (31 ).  The vessel (1) according to claim 1, wherein the sump (30) and the support foot (31) are spaced a distance such that at least four first corrugations (60) pass between the sump (30). and the support leg (31).
3. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans laquelle la membrane d’étanchéité comporte des deuxièmes ondulations s’étendant une deuxième direction (y) perpendiculaire à la première direction, le puisard (30) et le pied de support (31 ) étant placés entre les lignes directrices de deux deuxièmes ondulations et plus particulièrement centrée entre celles-ci.  3. Tank (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the sealing membrane comprises second corrugations extending a second direction (y) perpendicular to the first direction, the sump (30) and the foot of support (31) being placed between the guidelines of two second undulations and more particularly centered between them.
4. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le puisard (30) interrompt deux premières ondulations et deux deuxièmes ondulations.  4. Tank (1) according to claim 3, wherein the sump (30) interrupts two first undulations and two second undulations.
5. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, dans laquelle dans une zone de la paroi de fond de la cuve éloignée du pied de support, les premières ondulations sont rectilignes parallèles équidistantes s’étendant selon la première direction et les deuxièmes ondulations sont rectilignes parallèles équidistantes s’étendant selon la deuxième direction, la distance entre deux premières ondulations adjacentes et la distance entre deux deuxièmes ondulations adjacentes étant égales au pas d’onde. 5. Tank (1) according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein in an area of the bottom wall of the tank remote from the support foot, the first corrugations are rectilinear parallel equidistant extending in the first direction and the second corrugations are rectilinear parallel equidistant extending in the second direction, the distance between two first adjacent corrugations and the distance between two adjacent second corrugations being equal to the wave pitch.
6. Cuve (1 ) selon l’une des revendications 3 à 5, dans laquelle une première ondulation adjacente à l’une des premières ondulations interrompues par le puisard (30) présente une portion singulière qui est décalée à distance du puisard (30).  6. Tank (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a first corrugation adjacent to one of the first corrugations interrupted by the sump (30) has a singular portion which is shifted away from the sump (30). .
7. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle la portion singulière passe entre le puisard (30) et le pied de support (31 ).  7. Tank (1) according to claim 6, wherein the singular portion passes between the sump (30) and the support foot (31).
8. Cuve (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel la structure porteuse (3) est intégrée dans un navire, le navire présentant une direction longitudinale (x) et les premières ondulations sont des ondulations longitudinales s’étendant selon la direction longitudinale (x) du navire.  8. Tank (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the carrier structure (3) is integrated in a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction (x) and the first corrugations are longitudinal corrugations extending in the longitudinal direction (x) of the ship.
9. Cuve (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 8 prise en combinaison avec la revendication 3, la structure porteuse (3) est intégrée dans un navire, le navire présentant une direction longitudinale (x) et une direction transversale (y) perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale (x), et les deuxièmes ondulations sont des ondulations transversales s’étendant dans la direction transversale (y) du navire.  9. Tank (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8 taken in combination with claim 3, the carrier structure (3) is integrated into a ship, the vessel having a longitudinal direction (x) and a transverse direction (y). ) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (x), and the second undulations are transverse corrugations extending in the transverse direction (y) of the ship.
10. Cuve (1 ) selon l’une des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle la tour de chargement/déchargement (2) comprend une base (27) qui s’étend horizontalement et supporte au moins une première pompe (18, 20), fixée à la base (27), et équipée d’un organe d’aspiration, l’organe d’aspiration de la première pompe (18) étant logée dans le puisard (30), la première pompe (18, 20) étant alignée avec le pied de support (31 ) dans un premier plan transversal (P2) qui est orthogonal à la première direction.  Tank (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the loading / unloading tower (2) comprises a base (27) which extends horizontally and supports at least a first pump (18, 20). , attached to the base (27), and equipped with a suction member, the suction member of the first pump (18) being housed in the sump (30), the first pump (18, 20) being aligned with the support foot (31) in a first transverse plane (P2) which is orthogonal to the first direction.
11. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle la tour de chargement/déchargement (2) comportant un premier, un deuxième et un troisième mâts (1 1 , 12, 13), verticaux, définissant un prisme à section triangulaire et présentant chacun une extrémité inférieure, la base (27) étant fixée à l’extrémité inférieure des premier, deuxième et troisième mâts (1 1 , 12, 13), la première pompe (18, 20) étant disposée à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire et le pied de support (31) s’étendant dans le prolongement du prisme à section triangulaire. 11. Tank (1) according to claim 10, wherein the loading / unloading tower (2) comprising a first, a second and a third mast (1 1, 12, 13), vertical, defining a triangular section prism and each having a lower end, the base (27) being fixed to the lower end of the first, second and third masts (1 1, 12, 13), the first pump (18, 20) being disposed outside the prism triangular and support leg (31) extending in the extension of the prism triangular section.
12. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 1 1 , dans laquelle le premier mât et le deuxième mât (1 1 ,12) sont alignés dans un deuxième plan transversal (P1 ) qui est orthogonal à la première direction. 12. Tank (1) according to claim 1 1, wherein the first mast and the second mast (1 1, 12) are aligned in a second transverse plane (P1) which is orthogonal to the first direction.
13. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 1 1 ou la revendication 12, dans laquelle la tour de chargement/déchargement (2) supporte une deuxième pompe (18, 20), fixée à la base (27), et équipée d’un organe d’aspiration, la deuxième pompe (18, 20) étant disposée à l’extérieur du prisme triangulaire et étant alignée avec la première pompe (18, 20) et le pied de support (31 ) dans le premier plan transversal (P2).  13. A tank (1) according to claim 1 1 or claim 12, wherein the loading / unloading tower (2) supports a second pump (18, 20), fixed to the base (27), and equipped with a suction member, the second pump (18, 20) being disposed outside the triangular prism and being aligned with the first pump (18, 20) and the support leg (31) in the first transverse plane (P2) .
14. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle la cuve (1 ) comporte un deuxième puisard (30) ménagé dans la paroi de fond de la cuve (1 ) et dans lequel est logé l’organe d’aspiration de la deuxième pompe (20).  14. Tank (1) according to claim 13, wherein the tank (1) comprises a second sump (30) formed in the bottom wall of the tank (1) and wherein is housed the suction member of the second pump (20).
15. Cuve (1) selon l’une des revendications 1 1 à 14, dans laquelle la base (27) comporte au moins une première aile latérale (45, 46) qui fait saillie selon la deuxième direction au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire et sur laquelle est fixée la première pompe (18, 20).  15. Tank (1) according to one of claims 1 1 to 14, wherein the base (27) comprises at least a first lateral flange (45, 46) which projects in the second direction beyond the sectional prism triangular and on which is fixed the first pump (18, 20).
16. Cuve (1 ) selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle la base (27) comporte une deuxième aile latérale (45, 46) qui fait saillie selon la deuxième direction au-delà du prisme à section triangulaire et sur laquelle est fixée la deuxième pompe (18, 20).  16. Tank (1) according to claim 13, wherein the base (27) comprises a second lateral wing (45, 46) which projects in the second direction beyond the triangular section prism and on which is fixed the second pump (18, 20).
17. Navire (70) comportant une structure porteuse (3) et une cuve (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16 ancrée dans ladite structure porteuse (3).  17. Ship (70) having a supporting structure (3) and a vessel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16 anchored in said carrier structure (3).
18. Système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication 17, des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81 ) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (71 ) installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entraîner un fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l’installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire. 18. Transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a ship (70) according to claim 17, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the ship at a floating or land storage facility (77) and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
19. Procédé de chargement ou déchargement d’un navire (70) selon la revendication 17 dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées (73, 79, 76, 81 ) depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers ou depuis la cuve (71 ) du navire. 19. A method of loading or unloading a ship (70) according to claim 17 wherein a fluid is conveyed through isolated ducts (73, 79, 76, 81) to or from a floating or land storage facility (77). ) to or from the vessel (71) of the vessel.
EP19733844.5A 2018-05-02 2019-04-25 Sealed and thermally insulating tank provided with a loading/unloading tower Pending EP3788294A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1853794A FR3080832B1 (en) 2018-05-02 2018-05-02 WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK EQUIPPED WITH A LOADING / UNLOADING TOWER
PCT/FR2019/050807 WO2019211537A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-04-05 Storage and/or transport tank for a liquid gas cargo intended for a vessel
PCT/FR2019/050981 WO2019211551A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-04-25 Sealed and thermally insulating tank provided with a loading/unloading tower

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EP3788294A1 true EP3788294A1 (en) 2021-03-10

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EP19720979.4A Pending EP3788292A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-04-05 Storage and/or transport tank for a liquid gas cargo intended for a vessel
EP19733843.7A Pending EP3788293A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-04-25 Sealed and thermally insulating tank provided with a loading/unloading tower
EP19733844.5A Pending EP3788294A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-04-25 Sealed and thermally insulating tank provided with a loading/unloading tower

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EP19720979.4A Pending EP3788292A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-04-05 Storage and/or transport tank for a liquid gas cargo intended for a vessel
EP19733843.7A Pending EP3788293A1 (en) 2018-05-02 2019-04-25 Sealed and thermally insulating tank provided with a loading/unloading tower

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US (2) US11619350B2 (en)
EP (3) EP3788292A1 (en)
JP (1) JP7166360B2 (en)
KR (3) KR20210003145A (en)
CN (3) CN112074685B (en)
FR (1) FR3080832B1 (en)
PH (1) PH12020551842A1 (en)
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WO (2) WO2019211537A1 (en)

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US11619350B2 (en) 2023-04-04
CN112074685A (en) 2020-12-11
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WO2019211550A1 (en) 2019-11-07
US20210254788A1 (en) 2021-08-19
US20210247026A1 (en) 2021-08-12
PH12020551842A1 (en) 2021-06-28
KR20210005188A (en) 2021-01-13
CN112236614B (en) 2022-08-30
JP2021524003A (en) 2021-09-09
EP3788293A1 (en) 2021-03-10
FR3080832B1 (en) 2020-10-30
US12078298B2 (en) 2024-09-03
WO2019211537A1 (en) 2019-11-07
CN112119258B (en) 2022-11-15
EP3788292A1 (en) 2021-03-10
KR102490542B1 (en) 2023-01-20
SG11202010689VA (en) 2020-11-27
CN112074685B (en) 2022-08-16
CN112119258A (en) 2020-12-22
CN112236614A (en) 2021-01-15
KR20210003888A (en) 2021-01-12
KR20210003145A (en) 2021-01-11
SG11202010691QA (en) 2020-11-27
JP7166360B2 (en) 2022-11-07
RU2020135765A (en) 2022-05-04
FR3080832A1 (en) 2019-11-08

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