EP3786568A1 - Kit pour un radiateur modulaire pour la circulation de fluide et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Kit pour un radiateur modulaire pour la circulation de fluide et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3786568A1
EP3786568A1 EP19194802.5A EP19194802A EP3786568A1 EP 3786568 A1 EP3786568 A1 EP 3786568A1 EP 19194802 A EP19194802 A EP 19194802A EP 3786568 A1 EP3786568 A1 EP 3786568A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
additive manufacturing
kit according
kit
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19194802.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paulo Jorge Sousa Cruz
Bruno Acácio Ferreira Figueiredo
João António Nogueira Carvalho
Álvaro Miguel DO CÉU GRAMAXO OLIVEIRA SAMPAIO
António José VILELA PONTES
Sandra Maria FERNANDES CARVALHO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidade do Minho
Original Assignee
Universidade do Minho
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidade do Minho filed Critical Universidade do Minho
Publication of EP3786568A1 publication Critical patent/EP3786568A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F28F9/262—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0035—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for domestic or space heating, e.g. heating radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2210/00—Heat exchange conduits
    • F28F2210/02—Heat exchange conduits with particular branching, e.g. fractal conduit arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/18—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes sintered
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/20—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes with nanostructures

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to the manufacturing of modular systems, namely for the construction of planar elements (partition or structural walls) enabling thermal energy to be radiated through an internal water circuit or other fluid capable of doing so.
  • Additive manufacturing technology consists of a set of technologies for the manufacturing of three-dimensional objects by layer-by-layer material overlap, as opposed to subtractive models. Objects can have any geometry and are produced from a digital model. 3D printing technology emerged in the 1980s as a rapid prototyping process. This process, as the name implies, consists in the rapid creation of a physical prototype of the final product from a digital model.
  • Printing makes it possible to accelerate new product development processes, reducing costs associated with errors in design and mold investments.
  • 3D printing technology now enables obtaining parts that are very close to the final product, rather than mere prototypes.
  • Additive manufacturing is based on the successive addition of material until the formation of the object.
  • the object takes shape from the deposition and subsequent solidification of the material in layers, where required.
  • Such a process allows the production of geometries that are far more complex than those achieved by subtractive processes or traditional additive processes where a mold is normally required.
  • the systems of the disclosures analyzed use the traditional construction methodology, distinguishing only by introducing a material capable of holding energy and subsequently providing a slow release.
  • Another prior art system describes a modular heating system capable of extracting "hot energy” from water, however in this case the protection falls on the heating system and not on the heated system (radiator).
  • the proposed invention stands out from existing ones by the possibility of constructing complex shapes according to the intents of the user. Being a modular system made up of small scale elements, it provides the user with a wide range of possible connections between elements without compromising the efficiency of the system, unlike other systems with the same modular construction which are limited with respect to connections and configuration that the radiation system can assume, thus compromising the efficiency of the system in particular cases.
  • US 20040200830 A1 describes an electric heating device that can operate at different power, modular and extensible stages.
  • CN 202281295U describes a combined domestic vertical heater comprising a housing and a heating tube arranged in the housing.
  • CN109104839 relates to a ceramic radiator and a method of manufacturing thereof, wherein the ceramic radiator comprises a sintered ceramic body molded with a powder composite material, wherein the powdered material is mixed with nitride ceramic powder and titanium metal powder.
  • CN109058990 discloses an external heat ceramic heat-preservation radiator.
  • the present disclosure describes modular systems (assemblies or a said kit) for radiating thermal energy through an internal water circuit or other equivalent fluid.
  • a modular kit for fluid circulation, manufacturing method and uses thereof are described.
  • the present disclosure describes a kit for a modular radiator for the circulation of fluids in additive manufacturing comprising: a plurality of Y-shaped forked parts with three ends connected by a fluid-tight channel, produced by additive manufacturing, wherein said parts are couplable to one another by said ends; and a plurality of terminals for enclosing open ends of the modular radiator parts.
  • One of the objectives of the present disclosure is the development of small or large scale modular systems from simple tubular elements produced by additive manufacturing capable of thermal energy radiation from the circulation of liquids within them.
  • the described modular system intends to bring digital design and manufacturing closer to the effective construction of architectural elements, focusing on the performance of buildings, contributing to the construction system, namely to the walls, ability to change and/or condition the surrounding environment.
  • the system comprises three diffuser elements with three distinct morphologies and a connecting part, which varies depending on the section geometry of the previous parts.
  • Linear elements which can vary the size in Z (up to twice the size of the division module on the Z axis), have the function of lengthening the circuit linearly, allowing the user to form varied configurations suitable for the intended purpose of the system.
  • the channel dividers allow the division of a terminal into several outlets, for example a path and two outlets, and also the displacement of the construction in the three Cartesian dimensions, preferably having the number of outlets to a maximum of 5, considering the characteristics of the material to be used in the production (plasticity), which will influence the maximum wall angle of the parts during production.
  • Circuit terminals have the functions of connecting to the fluid supply network and channel closure in specific situations, where it is not possible or desirable to extend the circuit. This last part provides the connection to standard elements normally used in these systems, making the connection between the established system and the system patented in this proposal, using threaded mechanical connections.
  • the three previously designated parts have maximum and minimum dimensions.
  • the minimum dimensions are 100 mm (Z axis) and 30 mm as minimum diameter of the section of the tubular elements perpendicular to the pipe axis.
  • the maximum dimensions of the modules shall not exceed 400 mm on the Z axis, except for the linear element which shall not exceed twice the dimension of the channel division element on Z axis, i.e. 800 mm maximum.
  • the maximum dimensions shall be based on the angle formed by the hypotenuse (center of the tubes) of the triangle drawn by the centers of the inlet, outlet and projection sections of the inlet on the XY plane, preferably in the case of ceramics not exceeding 35° with respect to the XY plane.
  • the section of the tubular members may vary in size in response to the necessary matching of pressures exerted by the fluid throughout the modular system.
  • the geometry of the elements may change depending on the characteristics of the aggregation assembly, that is, so that there are no circuit constraints at certain times, such as channel divisions, the inlet section must invariably be of equal area to the sum of the base section areas (channels into which it is divided).
  • the Y-shaped forked parts may have more than three ends, for example 1 inlet and 3 outlets or 1 inlet and 4 outlets, in trident form, or for example 2 inlets and two outlets in "X" shape (equivalent to the joining of two "Y" parts at the center end thereof) and other alternatives that one skilled in the art may conceive.
  • the "Y"-shaped forked parts are rotatably couplable to one another by said ends.
  • the "Y"-shaped forked parts are couplable to one another by said ends, in a continuously rotating manner, or in a rotating manner, step by step, about a rotational symmetry axis of the ends.
  • the kit described in the present disclosure may further comprise a plurality of rectilinear tubular shaped parts with two ends, connected through an airtight channel, produced by additive manufacturing for coupling to the forked parts, in particular for coupling to the forked parts in a rotating manner.
  • the kit described in the present disclosure may further comprise a plurality of rectilinear tubular shaped terminal parts with a closed and rounded end, and another end for coupling to the forked parts, or where appropriate to the rectilinear tubular shaped parts, for closing open ends of the modular radiator parts.
  • the plurality of terminal parts comprises a bore for connection to a supply network.
  • said parts have a substantially circular cross-section or have a cross-section with rotational symmetry.
  • the kit described in the present disclosure may further comprise a polymer sleeve for fluid-tight joining two parts together through said ends.
  • the additive manufacturing is 3D printing, in particular liquid deposition modeling of ceramics.
  • the parts have a minimum diameter of between 20 mm and 60 mm, preferably between 30 mm and 50 mm, more preferably 40 mm, and wherein the thickness of the part walls is between 3 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 5 mm, more preferably 4 mm.
  • the finishing of the parts is in raw, glazed or with thermochromic paint.
  • the kit described in the present disclosure may further comprise a part for the uniformity of the pressure exerted by the fluid.
  • Another aspect of the present embodiment relates to a method for manufacturing the kit/system described in the present embodiment which comprises the step of additive manufacturing of the parts.
  • the additive manufacturing of parts is liquid deposition molding.
  • the additive manufacturing is ceramic, metal or polymer additive manufacturing.
  • the modular system disclosed herein bases its production on the use of Liquid Deposition Modeling (LDM) technologies, mainly in ceramic material, due to the thermal inertia presented, its use is not linear in all situations, it being possible to manufacture all aforementioned parts with other materials without having to change them formally or technically.
  • LDM Liquid Deposition Modeling
  • the system of the present embodiment may provide for the execution of hybrid solutions, with the coexistence of several materials in the same assembly, and may take advantage of the distinctive characteristics of each material based on the response to a specific problem.
  • each of the components its shape is directly related to the process used in production, the additive manufacturing. Since being done by the successive addition of material, layer by layer, this has been taken into account during the design of the elements, given that for a sufficient material overlap at all times so that the integrity of the assembly is not affected, whenever there is a projection deviation (in the XY plane) from the top to the base, i.e. when the top and base of any volume are not perfectly aligned according to the Z axis, a smoothing of the generatrix is made, which defines the side surface joining the top and the base making the existing deviation to be substantially smaller, providing the part with greater carrying capacity while the material has no carrying capacity yet.
  • the system of the present embodiment allows the construction of aggregates of quite different scales, this being dependent on the quantity and size of the elements used for the construction of the assembly.
  • the large scale asgreed from 1.5 meters in height
  • the rotation of the channel divider elements relative to the parts to which it is connected is required.
  • the degree of rotation of the different parts relative to the previous and subsequent parts is related to the section geometry, which may vary, although this variation may influence the thermal inertia of the elements.
  • the section governing the design of the assembly must take into account that in order for the system to function properly there must be one or more axes of symmetry in the generation of this base form.
  • the circular section which is illustrated in the figures accompanying this proposal, is the one that provides more possibilities for aggregation, as it is not limited to any specific angle.
  • thermoplastic sleeve is used to produce a structurally resistant watertight joint capable of accompanying and nullifying possible deformations coming from the additive manufacturing.
  • the polymer joint that joins two parts is characterized by having only a change of state, which occurs soon after the material is exposed to a high temperature, i.e., reacts only once to thermal changes.
  • the joining process comprises a joint of standard dimensions, also obtained by additive manufacturing, which will be applied to the joining of two parts of the circuit.
  • this element When this element is subjected to a high temperature, there is a contraction that allows the adjustment to the shape of the parts intended to join.
  • the sleeve tightens the parts from the inside and outside, overlapping the radiator part on both sides, this providing tightness. From the moment when the geometry changes due to the high temperature, the polymer stabilizes and remains with that geometry regardless of the thermal variations that may occur later.
  • the connection between elements has a good behavior towards mechanical stresses, its removal is relatively simple, it being only necessary to force the joint and then separate the radiator elements.
  • the amount of heat that the system emanates is directly dependent on the heating system of the fluid and on the material selected for producing the assembly parts, in both cases, temperature and material, unrelated to this invention.
  • the temperature range of the fluid, for the correct operation of the system taking into account the above designated material conditions is between -10 °C and +80 °C, and for temperatures below 5 °C liquids with antifreeze characteristics should be used.
  • the present disclosure presupposes the creation of a modular system of planar architectural elements in ceramic material capable of radiating thermal energy through a fluid circuit that travels inside the constructed element.
  • the system comprises the use of additive manufacturing in ceramics for the production of the three types of different tubular ceramic components required for the construction of the architectural assembly: (a) simple linear; (b) circuit dividing and (c) supply and end of network connection terminals. For the connection between the previous elements a polymeric joint is introduced.
  • this system provides configurations from small-scale single panels solely for thermal energy radiation, to large-scale multi-plane complex constructions adding structural capacity to the assembly.
  • radiator walls constructed from the aggregation of small-scale ceramic elements.
  • the modular system of the present description was designed to be a modular system for the construction of elements capable of thermal radiation and can be applied in any situation as a carrying wall or only as a radiator panel.
  • the present disclosure therefore pertains to the field of manufacturing modular systems, notably for the construction of elements that allow thermal energy to be radiated through an internal water circuit or other equivalent fluid.
  • the aggregation assembly is constructed from the assembly of three types of elements, a linear element 1, a channel divider 2 and an end-of-circuit element 3.
  • the simple linear element 1 serves to linearly connect on the Z axis through its top 4 and its base 5 to matching elements of the same section 6 through connecting parts 7 constructed of thermoplastic material.
  • This linear element 1 can vary in size at Z 8 (Z1), from a minimum of 200 mm to a maximum value of 800 mm, twice the maximum Z-dimension of channel divider element 2, set at 400 mm.
  • channel divider 2 divides a terminal 9 and two or more channels 10 and 11, allowing the displacement of the construction in the three Cartesian dimensions (X, Y and Z) by the angle formed by the wall of the part 12.
  • the maximum number of divisions possible with this part is limited to five, also taking into account the plasticity of the production material which will influence the maximum angle at which components can be produced by additive manufacturing.
  • the circuit terminals 3 have the functions of connecting to the fluid supply network and closing the channel in specific situations, namely start 13 and end 14 of circuit.
  • This part allows the connection to standard elements 15 commonly used in this type of system through threaded mechanical connections at the top of terminal 16, where the part is purposely drilled so that the standard connection element or a closing element can be integrated, without formal changes being required.
  • the connecting element 7 of the above-mentioned three types of parts 1, 2 and 3 consists of a polymer which when exposed to high temperatures retracts and ties the two parts 17 and 18 on both sides, inner 19 and outer 20 sides, providing a watertight and sturdy joint.
  • This connector also produced by additive manufacturing, preferably has the ability to change state only once, that is, only retracts after the first heating after having been formed. From that moment on the material stabilizes and ensures the firm connection of the elements.
  • the maximum dimensions on the Z axis 21 (Z2) and 22 (Z3) of division modules 2 and terminals 3 shall not exceed 400 mm.
  • the maximum dimensions shall be based on the angle formed by the hypotenuse 23 of the triangle drawn by the centers of the inlet section 24, outlet 25 and the projection of the inlet on the XY plane 26, which shall not, in the case of ceramics, be less than 55° relative to the XY plane.
  • the dimension of the tubular element section 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11 and 27 may vary in response to the necessary matching of the pressure exerted by the circuit fluid on the part walls.
  • the dimension of the inlet section 9 must invariably be equal to the sum of the areas of outlet sections 10 and 11, in the illustrated case.
  • this modular system allows the creation of quite different scale aggregations, however when it reaches dimensions greater than 1.5 meters on the Z axis it is necessary to increase the base of the wall so that it maintains responsiveness to lateral stresses as illustrated in the assembly of figure 8 , element 28.
  • this base increase in the direction perpendicular to the wall plane it is necessary to rotate the channel divider elements 29 relative to the parts to which it is connected 30.
  • the rotation of the above designated elements is conditioned by the section geometry of the components 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and 27 and in the design of that section there must be one or more axes of symmetry. In the illustrated case, with a circular cross-section, any angle of rotation can be performed on the part fittings.
  • the wall thicknesses of components 1, 2 and 3 depend on the material used for the production of these components. In the case of the use of the ceramic material the thickness of the aforementioned components is related to the Z dimension they can reach.
  • the thickness of layer 31, 32 and 33 should be from 3 mm to 5 mm.
  • the thickness of layer 31, 32 and 33 is about 5 mm to 8 mm.
  • a condition only possible for linear element 1 the thickness of the layer is about 8 mm, and the thickness of the element to which it is attached, whether it is a channel divider 2 or a terminal 3, must match their thickness with that of the linear element 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP19194802.5A 2019-08-29 2019-08-30 Kit pour un radiateur modulaire pour la circulation de fluide et son procédé de fabrication Withdrawn EP3786568A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PT11578519 2019-08-29

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EP3786568A1 true EP3786568A1 (fr) 2021-03-03

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9415857U1 (de) * 1994-09-30 1995-11-02 Bitsch, Hans-Ullrich, Prof. Dipl.-Designer, 40545 Düsseldorf Röhren-Heizkörper BD6
EP1031809A1 (fr) * 1999-02-26 2000-08-30 FABBRICA MACCHINE CURVATUBI CRIPPA AGOSTINO S.p.A. Elément modulaire pour radiateurs
EP1085284A2 (fr) * 1999-09-17 2001-03-21 Claudio Ballardini Structure pour radiateurs et/ou chauffe-serviettes composée d'éléments modulaires
US20040200830A1 (en) 2003-04-12 2004-10-14 Andreas Hamburger Heating device
EP2284453A2 (fr) * 2009-08-13 2011-02-16 Roos Freizeitanlagen GmbH Absorbeur destiné à chauffer un fluide
CN202281295U (zh) 2011-09-13 2012-06-20 叶维及 一种组合式取暖器
US20150341987A1 (en) 2012-07-24 2015-11-26 Al Bernstein Radiator element
US20180297843A1 (en) * 2017-04-17 2018-10-18 Honeywell International Inc. Cell structures for use in heat exchangers, and methods of producing the same
CN109058990A (zh) 2018-05-23 2018-12-21 滁州普立惠技术服务有限公司 一种外热陶瓷式保温辐射器
CN109104839A (zh) 2017-06-20 2018-12-28 谢孟修 陶瓷散热器及其制造方法

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9415857U1 (de) * 1994-09-30 1995-11-02 Bitsch, Hans-Ullrich, Prof. Dipl.-Designer, 40545 Düsseldorf Röhren-Heizkörper BD6
EP1031809A1 (fr) * 1999-02-26 2000-08-30 FABBRICA MACCHINE CURVATUBI CRIPPA AGOSTINO S.p.A. Elément modulaire pour radiateurs
EP1085284A2 (fr) * 1999-09-17 2001-03-21 Claudio Ballardini Structure pour radiateurs et/ou chauffe-serviettes composée d'éléments modulaires
US20040200830A1 (en) 2003-04-12 2004-10-14 Andreas Hamburger Heating device
EP2284453A2 (fr) * 2009-08-13 2011-02-16 Roos Freizeitanlagen GmbH Absorbeur destiné à chauffer un fluide
CN202281295U (zh) 2011-09-13 2012-06-20 叶维及 一种组合式取暖器
US20150341987A1 (en) 2012-07-24 2015-11-26 Al Bernstein Radiator element
US20180297843A1 (en) * 2017-04-17 2018-10-18 Honeywell International Inc. Cell structures for use in heat exchangers, and methods of producing the same
CN109104839A (zh) 2017-06-20 2018-12-28 谢孟修 陶瓷散热器及其制造方法
CN109058990A (zh) 2018-05-23 2018-12-21 滁州普立惠技术服务有限公司 一种外热陶瓷式保温辐射器

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