EP3776716A1 - Procede et dispositif de stockage et de production d'electricite par voie electrochimique a partir d'hydrogene gazeux, kit comprenant ce dispositif et des consommables - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de stockage et de production d'electricite par voie electrochimique a partir d'hydrogene gazeux, kit comprenant ce dispositif et des consommablesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3776716A1 EP3776716A1 EP19720963.8A EP19720963A EP3776716A1 EP 3776716 A1 EP3776716 A1 EP 3776716A1 EP 19720963 A EP19720963 A EP 19720963A EP 3776716 A1 EP3776716 A1 EP 3776716A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- ions
- hydrogen gas
- electrochemical cell
- positive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 28
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 CH 3 COO Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100202589 Drosophila melanogaster scrib gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XQMUOIMHJMRRGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromolead Chemical compound [Pb]Br XQMUOIMHJMRRGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
- H01M50/77—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of the production and storage of electricity, electrochemically, from hydrogen gas.
- the invention relates to the storage of electrical energy in a battery using as consumables, electricity, hydrogen gas under low pressure and an electrolyte.
- the invention also aims to produce energy from this battery with at least partial regeneration of the hydrogen gas and the electrolyte consumed during storage.
- the invention also relates to a device for the implementation of this method of storage and production of electricity from hydrogen gas, electrochemically, and a kit comprising the device and all or part of the consumables. useful in said process.
- a first approach consists in converting the electricity intended for storage into mechanical energy, for example by pumping / turbining water so as to give it a hydraulic power subsequently transformable into electrical energy.
- air compressors allow the storage of electricity in the form of compressed air, the subsequent relaxation of which is a source of energy.
- Electrochemical conversion is a second approach to electricity storage. This conversion is carried out in particular by means of electric batteries which consist of a set of electric accumulators, comparable to electrochemical cells, capable of transforming the electric charge energy into electrochemical energy making it possible to produce electricity during the discharge. .
- batteries such as lead, lithium or sodium / sulfur batteries. Such batteries are not suitable for massive storage of electricity because of their poor power to storage capacity ratio.
- redox flow batteries are particularly flexible and versatile, and can be divided into several sizes of capacity.
- the redox flow batteries consist of two compartments separated by an ion exchange membrane. Each compartment contains a redox couple in an electrolyte in which an electrode is dipped. Both electrolytes are stored independently, and the capacity of the battery is determined by the concentrations and volume of the solutions.
- One of the main advantages of redox flow batteries is the independence of power and storage capacity, unlike a conventional battery. However, the cost of this type of battery is high.
- redox flow batteries for which one of the redox couples is a pair H + / H 2 (gas), such as hydrogen / bromine redox batteries [KT Cho, P. Ridgway, AZ Weber, S. Haussener, V Battaglia and V. Srinivasan, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2012, 159, A1806-A1815; KT Cho, MC Tucker, M. Ding, P. Ridgway, VS Battaglia, V. Srinivasan and AZ Weber, ChemPlusChem, 2014, 2, 402-411.], And hydrogen / chlorine batteries [M. Alon, A. Blum and E. Peled, Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 240, 417-420.
- This electrochemical hydrogen generator comprises a cathode (nickel grid coated with a catalytic layer of Pd or Ru on carbon) and a zinc anode, both immersed in an alkaline electrolyte (KOH or NaOH with salts, oxides or hydroxides of bismuth, tin, etc.).
- Zinc is oxidized at the anode: Zn + 20H -> ZnO + H 2 0 + 2e.
- Water is reduced at the cathode: 2H 2 0 + 2e-> 20H + H 2 .
- This electrochemical generator thus produces zinc oxide and hydrogen gas by electrolysis.
- This hydrogen gas is conveyed to a fuel cell in which it is oxidized into protons that migrate, through an electrolyte, to the positive electrode (cathode) to participate in the reduction of oxygen from the air to water .
- the system according to WO2004 / 105173A1 allows storage of electricity in the form of hydrogen gas obtained by the electrochemical hydrogen generator described above and generation of electricity by means of a fuel cell that consumes hydrogen gas stored.
- This known system has a certain number of disadvantages including the problem of catalysis of the air reduction reaction. Indeed, this reaction is the most limiting and requires a high performance catalyst. It should also be noted that one of the main degradation phenomena of PEM fuel cells is the loss of active surface by coalescence of the catalyst nanoparticles.
- the process for the cogeneration of electric energy and hydrogen uses the mechanism for deposition of zinc in an acidic medium for storing electricity.
- the energy performance of this process is perfectible. Indeed, this performance is thwarted, mainly due to the release of gaseous oxygen at the anode which causes overvoltages, which have the consequence of considerably increasing the energy consumption of the process.
- the electrical energy is restored in a hybrid manner (co-generation) in electrical form and in the form of hydrogen, which must then be converted into electricity.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of storage and electrochemical generation of electricity, which allows to achieve high electrical yields, for example> 60%.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemical storage and electrochemical generation, which makes it possible to restore amounts of electrical energy greater than in kilowatt-hours and in increasing order of preference. ; 100; 500; 2000; 5000; 10,000.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemical storage and electrochemical generation, which allows operation at high current densities greater than -en / m 2 and in increasing order. preferably 1000; 3000; 4000; 5000.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved electrochemical storage and electrochemical production process, which makes it possible to restore amounts of electrical energy with a power greater than -in kilowatts and in one order. preferably growing; 50; 100; 500; 1,000.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of storage and electrochemical production of electricity, which is economical and which allows for example to achieve a cost per kilowatt hour restored less than or equal to - in € / kilowatt hours and in increasing order preferably - 400; 300; 200; 100.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of storage and electrochemical production of electricity, which allows a solely electrical restitution.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of storage and electrochemical production of electricity, which is simple and economical, without sacrificing industrial security requirements.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of storage and electrochemical production of electricity, which is simple and economical, and in compliance with environmental constraints.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an industrial device, reliable, efficient, economical and robust, for the implementation of the method as referred to in one of the above objectives.
- At least one electrochemical cell comprising at least one chamber containing the electrolyte including M m + ions and in which are dipped at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode;
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode being able, on the one hand, to be connected to the terminals, respectively positive and negative, of at least one electric current generator, and, on the other hand, to be connected at least one apparatus consuming electrical energy;
- the positive and negative electrodes of the electrochemical cell are connected to the terminals, respectively positive and negative, of the electric power generator; b) The electrochemical cell is charged by causing the electric current generator to deliver electricity to the positive and negative electrodes of the electrochemical cell;
- the negative and positive electrodes of the electrochemical cell are connected to the electrical energy consuming device such that:
- the H + ions are reduced to gaseous hydrogen at the positive electrode
- the element M deposited on the negative electrode is oxidized at the negative electrode by producing ions M m + which diffuse into the electrolyte,
- step (g) optionally, a circulation of the electrolyte is placed between the electrochemical cell and the outside of this cell; i) optionally, the hydrogen gas produced in step (g) is transferred to the storage container or the hydrogen gas storage system, outside the electrochemical cell.
- the method according to the invention is particularly efficient and advantageous in that it consists in implementing a battery of one or more electrochemical cells without an ion exchange membrane or a separator being necessarily present.
- a battery of one or more electrochemical cells without an ion exchange membrane or a separator being necessarily present.
- use is made of consumable active substances, hydrogen gas and an electrolyte containing a salt of an abundant element M, having a high electrolysable energy content in an aqueous medium and with respect to which the hydrogen has an overvoltage.
- the absence of ion exchange membrane or separator is particularly advantageous because it reduces the cost of the battery, increases its life and simplifies its design.
- This process facilitates electrochemical reactions at the electrodes. It is therefore a global electrical yield of interest for example> 50%.
- Another advantage of this method is that it makes it possible to limit the self-discharge energy loss, in particular through the choice of electrode materials and the temperature management within the electrochemical cell and, more specifically, the temperature of the electrolyte.
- the consumable active materials specific to the process according to the invention H 2 and electrolyte comprising M m + ions, are easily regenerable.
- the present invention relates to a device for implementing the method.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a kit for implementing the method comprising the device according to the invention.
- any singular denotes indifferently a singular or a plural.
- electrolyte aqueous solution containing especially M m + ions, counterions of these ions M m + , m being a natural integer - preferably between -5 and 5 - H + , OH or ionic liquid containing ions
- the electrolyte is preferably an acidic or basic aqueous solution.
- the thermodynamic potential of the A / B pair is lower than that of the hydrogen evolution reaction (H + / H 2 ) [E * (A / B) ⁇ E th (H + / H 2 )], with an electrolyte acid, and lower than that of the pair (H 2 O / H 2 ) [E th (A / B) ⁇ E th (H 2 O / H 2 )] with a basic electrolyte.
- This redox couple (A / B) is then defined as follows:
- A is composed of at least one metal ion of the metal M
- B is composed of at least metal M
- the redox torque reducer (M m + / M) is a metal deposited at the negative electrode, this element can not react on the positive electrode; this is why an ion exchange membrane or a separator is not necessary.
- the electrolyte is an aqueous saline solution, preferably acidic;
- the element M corresponding to the ions M m + is constituted by at least one metal M, M being preferably chosen from the group comprising - ideally composed of -:
- Zn Cd; Sn, Ni, Mn, Fe, Pb, Co; Hg and amalgam; Zn being particularly preferred;
- the counter-ion of the M m + ions in the electrolyte being preferably chosen from the following ions: S0 4 2 , N0 3 , Cl, CH 3 C00, N0 2 PO 4 3 , CO 3 2- , C 6 H 5 0 7 3, CN, HO, K +; NH 4+ , Na + and mixtures thereof;
- the counter-ion of the H + or OH ions in the electrolyte being preferably selected from the following ions: S0 4 2 , N0 3 2 , Cl, CH 3 COO, Na + , K + , and mixtures thereof.
- the electrolyte is such that the species it contains, other than M m + , are not reduced or oxidized before M m + .
- these species other than M m + do not react electrochemically in a potential window bounded by the potential of the electrode on which the torque M m + / M reacts and the potential of the electrode on which reacts the H + / H 2 pair in acid medium or H 2 0 / H 2 in basic medium.
- salt concentration [(M m + ) a ; (X x ) p] in the electrolyte is between 0.1 and 15 mol.L 1 , preferably between 0.2 and 10 mol.L 1 .
- the concentration of [(H + ) g; (Y y ) 7 ] in the electrolyte is between 0.01 and 3 mol.L 1 , preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mol.L 1 ;
- Zinc which is the element M m + particularly suitable according to the invention is a material of interest in this electrochemical storage solution of electricity.
- Zinc which has well-known and controlled electrochemical characteristics, is produced via an industrial mass process, electrolysis in a sulfuric medium.
- Zinc is a particularly accessible element (availability 100 times greater than lithium) and has a high energy content (> 1.5 kWh / kg zinc), while being nevertheless electrolyzable in an aqueous medium, in particular because of that hydrogen has a strong overvoltage on zinc.
- the merit of the inventors is to have been able to take advantage of both the properties of zinc in zinc sulphate and sulfuric acid medium, and the interests of the hydrogen technology sector, to implement a zinc-hydrogen electrochemical battery, in a preferred mode of the method of storing and producing electricity.
- zinc is used in its usual electrolysis medium, namely zinc sulphate and sulfuric acid. Active material. Hydrogen
- the hydrogen is consumed during charging and is produced during the discharge of the battery.
- the hydrogen may be optionally stored between these two stages.
- the hydrogen gas is stored in a storage container, in which it is kept under pressure, that is to say a pressure P Hyd of less than or equal to 700 bar, preferably less than or equal to 300 bars.
- a pressure P Hyd of less than or equal to 700 bar, preferably less than or equal to 300 bars.
- a mechanical compression can be performed.
- gaseous hydrogen under pressure is to be able to adapt this pressure, therefore the quantity hydrogen gas, to the constraints of volume and quantity of the electrical energy to be stored: it is possible to store more hydrogen in the same volume but at higher pressure.
- the hydrogen is stored in the solid state in the form of metal hydride.
- the hydrogen produced is injected under low pressure (for example ⁇ 10 bars) into a reservoir containing metal hydrides on which it is absorbed.
- the absorption reaction is an extremely exothermic reaction that releases an energy of about a third of the lower heating value (LHV) of hydrogen.
- LHV lower heating value
- This form of storage of hydrogen in a metal hydride reservoir is well suited to the process according to the invention, in which the hydrogen gas is produced under pressure, which will make it possible to inject it directly into the hydride reservoir without additional step of compression.
- the destocking of hydrogen takes place during the charging phase of the process, that is to say when the electrical energy is available and potentially cheap, it is possible to provide, at lower cost, the heat needed to destock the hydrogen.
- the hydrogen is stored, which leads to a complementary supply of heat that can, for example, be upgraded by an electric heat converter.
- hydride storage provides the energy during the electrical storage (electrolysis), while during the electrical destocking (fuel cell), it is necessary to consume some of the energy that one seeks to produce to release the hydrogen.
- the positive electrode is a positive electrode
- a positive electrode with a low hydrogen overvoltage and a large surface area is used in this method and designed to optimize the exchanges between the hydrogen gas to be injected, the electrolyte and the electrode support. current conductor.
- low hydrogen overvoltage preferably means, in accordance with the invention, an exchange current density for the hydrogen evolution reaction greater than or equal to KL 7 A / m 2 .
- large surface is preferably meant according to the invention a three-dimensional structure (felt, foam, .).
- an electrode consisting for example of a catalyst material of hydrogen reduction and oxidation reactions, or of an electronically conductive material ( carbon felt, for example), on which is found on the surface the catalyst material of the reactions of reduction and oxidation of hydrogen
- the positive electrode may be a porous electrode, or a gas electrode, for example hydrogen, of the type found in some industrial zinc electrolysis plants which have replaced the lead-based oxygen through these electrodes and which allow rapid reversible reactions between the hydrogen gas and an electrolyte.
- Hydrogen gas enters the porous structure of the electrode, dissolves in the electrolyte and then diffuses to the catalyst where it is oxidized as protons. It is also possible to use hydrogen electrodes such as those of fuel cells. These electrodes make it possible to reduce the energy consumption of the electrochemical processes.
- a gas electrode for example a hydrogen electrode in the process according to the invention, is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to have a quasi-reversible electrochemical conversion phenomenon between hydrogen and H + protons.
- the negative electrode is the negative electrode
- the method according to the invention consists in using a negative electrode characterized by a strong hydrogen overvoltage and allowing the deposition of the element M, which is preferably a metal, and more preferably still zinc.
- “High hydrogen overvoltage” preferably means, in accordance with the invention, that this metal M has an exchange current for the hydrogen evolution reaction, for example less than or equal to 10 -2 mA. cm -2.
- the charge reaction can be written as: H 2 + ZnS0 4 + Electricity-> H 2 S0 4 + Zn
- the stopping of the charge in step e) takes place when the desired quantity of electricity has been stored, when the quantity of charging current delivered is no longer available (for example if the battery is connected to a renewable energy source and that this is no longer available) and / or when the concentration of ions M m + has reached a threshold value, defined according to the configuration of the electrochemical cell.
- the threshold value of the concentration of ions m m + of the electrolyte contained in the chamber is the value from which the energy consumption of the process increases.
- the discharge reaction can be written: Zn + H 2 S0 4 -> ZnS0 4 + H 2 + electricity
- the charge current density is between 200 and 4000 A / m 2 of electrode surface, preferably between 300 and 3000 A / m 2 of electrode surface, and that the charging voltage is between 0.1 and 5 V, preferably between 0.5 and 3 V.
- the theoretical voltage H 2 vs M preferably Zn, is for example 0.76 volts.
- the hydrogen gas could be brought not only into the positive electrode by percolation therethrough, but also in the vicinity of this electrode.
- the hydrogen electrode may also consist of a porous material consisting, for example, of a metal conductor on which particles of the catalyst material are located, and inside which is injected with hydrogen gas.
- the supply of hydrogen gas could be made only in the vicinity of the positive electrode.
- the present invention relates to a device for implementing the method.
- This device comprises:
- a source of gaseous hydrogen stored in at least one container and / or from a production system and, on the other hand, an electrolyte comprising M m + ions,
- At least one electrochemical cell comprising at least one chamber containing an electrolyte having M m + ions and in which are dipped at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode;
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode being capable, on the one hand, of being connected to the terminals, respectively positive and negative, of at least one charge electric current generator, and, on the other hand, of be connected to at least one apparatus consuming electrical discharge energy;
- this device preferably comprising a plurality of electrochemical cells each forming an accumulator and together a battery;
- At least one electrolyte reservoir for supplying the electrochemical cell
- the source of gaseous hydrogen is constituted
- the positive electrode of each cell is connected to the positive terminal of the current generator for the load and constitutes the positive terminal for the discharge; this positive electrode preferably being chosen from the group comprising:
- porous electrodes and more preferably, metal-based (preferably stainless steel, nickel base alloy, lead alloy, ...) carbon electrodes, advantageously doped, of preferably tungsten carbide, and / or platinoid (preferably Pt, Pd, Ru, Ir);
- the electrodes consisting of a stack composed of a gaseous compartment, a carbon felt on which are deposited particles of a catalyst (preferably Pt, Pd, WC) and a proton exchange membrane.
- a catalyst preferably Pt, Pd, WC
- the negative electrode of each cell is connected to the negative terminal of the current generator for the load and constitutes the negative terminal for the discharge; this negative electrode is preferably chosen from the group of electrodes in the form of a plate or three-dimensional structure (preferably foam, felt, honeycomb), made of at least one material, this material preferably being chosen from the group metals and / or metal alloys, comprising - and ideally composed of: Al, Pb and Pb alloys, carbon, nickel, and / or iron materials, stainless steels, and combinations thereof.
- the device comprises:
- At least one gaseous hydrogen circulation duct preferably at least one duct for one direction of circulation and at least one duct for the other direction, this duct or ducts allowing the transport of gaseous hydrogen between, on the one hand, the electrochemical cell, and, on the other hand, the gaseous hydrogen storage container and / or the gaseous hydrogen production system;
- At least one pump for promoting the circulation of hydrogen gas optionally, at least one pump for promoting the circulation of hydrogen gas
- At least one electrolyte circulation duct preferably at least one duct for one direction of circulation and at least one duct for the other direction, this duct or ducts allowing the transport of the electrolyte between, on the one hand , the cell electrochemically, and, secondly, the electrolyte reservoir for feeding the electrochemical cell;
- the present invention also relates to a kit for implementing the method.
- This kit is characterized in that it comprises:
- This kit which forms a packaging unit for sale, may also include an explanatory note for the implementation of the method using the device and components contained in this kit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the storage and power generation device according to the invention, implemented in the method according to the invention described in example 1;
- FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show, in more detail, an exemplary embodiment of the storage and power generation device used in Example 1.
- Figure 2 is a detailed front view of this device.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view with a magnifying glass of the zone A of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the enclosure 2 along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2.
- the storage and power generation device shown in FIG. 1 comprises: a module 101 of a plurality of electrochemical cells 102 connected in series. This module includes a positive terminal 1+ and a negative terminal 1.
- a hydrogen storage tank 103 at a pressure P Hyd of the order of 10 bars, this tank being connected to the module 101 by a pipe 104 for the transport of the hydrogen gas from the tank 103 to the module 101 and a conduit 105 allowing the transfer of the hydrogen gas produced during the discharge into the module 101, to the storage tank 103.
- a tank or electrolyte container 107 connected to the module 101 by a pipe 108 in which electrolyte flows from the tank 107 to the module 101, and by a pipe 109 in which the electrolyte flows from the module 101 to the tank 107.
- the circulation of the electrolyte between the module 101 and the tank 107 is provided by a pump 110 mounted on the pipe 108.
- the device For charging, the device comprises a generator 111 connected to the terminals 1+ and 1 of the module 101.
- the terminals 1+ and 1 of the module 101 are connected to a device 112 supplied with electric current by the battery formed by the module 101.
- An AC / DC converter 106 makes it possible to transform the electrical signal of the network into a continuous signal during charging, or to raise the AC voltage during the production of electricity.
- FIGS 2, 3 and 4 show the device used for the operation of the battery as described in this example 1.
- the chamber 2 of the module 1 contains an electrolyte 22, in which 16 electrochemical cells 20 are immersed, consisting of bipolar electrodes called "bi-plates".
- the bi-plates consist of a housing 200 comprising an anode wall 20 (in discharge mode: step (g) method) and a cathode wall 21 (in discharge mode: step (g) method).
- the anode wall 20 is a 304 stainless steel disk closed by the cathode wall 21 which is formed by a porous disc 21 of tungsten carbide-doped stainless steel.
- each bi-plate 2C defines an internal volume 2ci, which communicates in the lower part of the bi-plate, via a channel 22, with a perforated collector 14.
- the latter makes it possible to feed the inner face of the porous cathode-ray walls 21 of these bi-plates 2C with hydrogen.
- the perforated collector 14 is connected to the hydrogen container 3, in which there is a liquid phase consisting of the electrolyte 2E and a gas phase or a balloon, which communicates with the perforated collector 14.
- the flows between this hydrogen container 3 and the enclosure 2, is controlled by a valve 6 mounted on the perforated collector 14.
- This hydrogen container 3 is connected at its bottom to the collector 13 for recirculating the electrolyte 2E.
- This collector 13 is equipped with a valve 5, which makes it possible to manage the exchanges of electrolyte between the hydrogen container 3 and the enclosure 2.
- the bi-plates 2C are spaced apart by dielectric hollow spacers 23. D
- Module 1 is mounted in an enclosure 2.
- the anode and cathode connection bars 9, 10 penetrate into this chamber 2, through dielectric sealed passages respectively 11 and 12.
- These anode and cathode connection bars 9, 10 are respectively welded to the first anode wall 20 and the last cathode wall. 21.
- the electrolyte 2E is composed of zinc ions (concentration 2.45 mol / l) and sulfuric acid (0.5 mol / l). It is prepared by mixing 25 kg of sulfuric acid (37.5%, Brenntag) in 11 L of water deionized, then adding to this mixture 137 kg of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 , 7H 2 0) (97.5%, Platret).
- the electrolyte 2E is circulated between the bi-plates 2C.
- the hydrogen is injected into the bi-plates 2C in the volume 2ci, so that it comes into contact with the inner face of the porous cathode-shaped cathode walls 21 of these bi-plates 2C.
- This hydrogen injection is via the manifold 14 via the control valve 6.
- a current of 824 A is applied between the electrodes 9, 10 at the end of the module.
- the electrodes 9, 10 are then polarized and the hydrogen gas is oxidized in the form of protons, while the zinc is deposited on the cathodic face of the bi-plates (that is to say the surface of the housing 20 in contact with the the electrolyte).
- 19 kg of zinc are deposited, and 611 g of hydrogen were consumed.
- the zinc When the battery is connected to an external circuit, the zinc is oxidized to Zn 2+ ions and the hydrogen gas is evolved on the outer faces of the anode walls 20 of the bi-plates 2C, generating a voltage across the terminals of the module 1.
- the battery delivers current to the user circuit: the voltage supplied by this battery is 0.5V for 20 hours, at a current density of 825 A / m 2 .
- the hydrogen is driven upwards by the electrolyte 2E circulating in the container 3 flask. The electrolyte 2E then separates from the hydrogen and returns to the chamber 2 via the recirculation collector 13 via the valve 5, under gazosiphon effect.
- the valves 4, 5 and 6 are closed.
- the plunger of the decompression syringe 7 moves to draw electrolyte 2E into the capacitor 2 to drop its pressure to 1 bar, so as to allow hydrogen to be injected into the bi-plates 2C during charging. next.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1852880A FR3079673A1 (fr) | 2018-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | Procede et dispositif de stockage et de production d'electricite par voie electrochimique a partir d'hydrogene gazeux, kit comprenant ce dispositif et des consommables |
| PCT/FR2019/050773 WO2019193281A1 (fr) | 2018-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | Procede et dispositif de stockage et de production d'electricite par voie electrochimique a partir d'hydrogene gazeux, kit comprenant ce dispositif et des consommables |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3776716A1 true EP3776716A1 (fr) | 2021-02-17 |
Family
ID=63143212
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19720963.8A Withdrawn EP3776716A1 (fr) | 2018-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | Procede et dispositif de stockage et de production d'electricite par voie electrochimique a partir d'hydrogene gazeux, kit comprenant ce dispositif et des consommables |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3776716A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3079673A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019193281A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112666465B (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2024-11-26 | 宁波烯铝新能源有限公司 | 一种金属空气电池测试系统及其测试方法 |
| FR3123064A1 (fr) | 2021-05-19 | 2022-11-25 | Ergosup | Générateur électrique à hydrogène comportant un dispositif de stockage et de fourniture d’hydrogène amélioré |
| FR3128456B1 (fr) | 2021-10-22 | 2024-03-01 | Ergosup | Procédé de production d’hydrogène sous pression par électrolyse de l’eau découplée |
| FR3128589A1 (fr) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-28 | Ergosup | Système électrochimique et procédé de production d’hydrogène par électrolyse de l’eau découplée, comportant une étape de désoxygénation de l’électrolyte |
| GB2632092A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2025-01-29 | Clean Hydrogen Ltd | Multi-phase reactor for hydrogen production |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5254414A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-10-19 | Battery Technologies International | Metal air storage battery |
| US5290640A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1994-03-01 | Acme Electric Corporation | Sealed rechargeable battery |
| DE4342859A1 (de) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-14 | Winsel August | Kathode für Wasserstoffentwicklungszellen |
| US20040025974A1 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2004-02-12 | Don Lee | Nanocrystalline and nanocomposite rare earth permanent magnet materials and method of making the same |
| WO2004105173A1 (fr) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-12-02 | Kmw Inc. | Filtre de radiofrequences |
| FR2948654B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-30 | 2015-01-16 | Gerkaro | Cogeneration d'energie electrique et d'hydrogene |
-
2018
- 2018-04-03 FR FR1852880A patent/FR3079673A1/fr active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-04-03 EP EP19720963.8A patent/EP3776716A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-04-03 WO PCT/FR2019/050773 patent/WO2019193281A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3079673A1 (fr) | 2019-10-04 |
| WO2019193281A1 (fr) | 2019-10-10 |
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